MLA Citations Practice

Transcription

1 ATTRIBUTIONS: How do you ATTRIBUTE the words you use to the sources? Writers must give credit where credit is due. When a writer uses the words of someone else whether it is a direct quote, paraphrase, statistics, or a summary the writer MUST cite the source. Here s how * In-Text Citations * A writer can use a mixture of signal phrases and parenthetical references to tell the audience WHO said it and WHERE the information/quote was found. Signal Phrase A signal phrase tells the reader that something is taken from a source (a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary). Most signal phrases will include the author s name and/or the title of the article or work. Example signal phrases: According to Chuck Milem, American History II instructor, Harriet Beecher Stowe s Uncle Tom s Cabin served as a catalyst for the Civil War. Thirty-three percent of tweets test at a fourth grade reading level, Dave Johnson said in a Time.com study. In How Smart Are Your Tweets?, Johnson claims that 20-year old Justin Bieber tweets at a fifth-grade reading level. PRACTICE IT! 1. SIGNAL PHRASE: Using the information provided, write a sentence using a signal phrase for this quote:!! a tweet s limit of 140 characters makes it difficult to compose a message at a! higher reading level.! Author: Dave Johnson Article: How Smart Are Your Tweets? Name of Site: Time 1

2 * In-Text Citations * Continued 2. SIGNAL PHRASE: Using the information provided, create a signal phrase either before or after this paraphrase:!! Politicians tend to have higher reading levels for tweets because they tend to use more multisyllabic words.! Author: Dave Johnson Article: How Smart Are Your Tweets? Name of Site: Time 3. SIGNAL PHRASE: Using the information provided, PARAPHRASE this direct quote from the article and use a signal phrase either before or after your paraphrase:!! The A-Force will be 15th female-led comic book series for the brand, and even the most traditional fans finally seem to be accepting that women can play leading roles in the comic book world too.! Author: Eliana Dockterman Article: Why Marvel Decided to Create an All-Female Superhero Team Name of Site: Time 2

3 * In-Text Citations * Continued Parenthetical Reference A parenthetical reference is a citation in parentheses at the end of the sentence or paragraph; it will include the author s name (if it is not given in the signal phrase) and a page number (if available). If an author s name is not available, the title of the work will be in the parentheses. Example parenthetical references: In Go Figure, the amount of money earned by NFL teams in 2014 through licensing and broadcasting was $187.7 million per team (Gorant and Keith 18). A 2013 survey of 1,500 National Education Association (NEA) teachers revealed that 52 percent believe too much time is spent in school on standardized testing ( What Makes Testing Toxic? 14). Both Lady Gaga and President Barack Obama tweet at a seventh-grade level (Johnson). NOTE: If your source has a PAGE NUMBER, you MUST use a parenthetical reference. When you use parenthetical references, remember that the parentheses are part of the sentence, so the punctuation comes AFTER the parenthesis. If Go Set a Watchman is subpar...then it could be a huge disappointment for fans (Sahagian 3). The period always comes last. PRACTICE IT! 1. SIGNAL PHRASE & PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE: Using the information provided, write a sentence using a signal phrase for this quote, but don t forget the parenthetical reference: The book is essentially a sequel to To Kill a Mockingbird but was technically written first. Author: Jacqueline Sahagian Article: Why Fans Shouldn t Read Harper Lee s New Book. Website: The Cheat Sheet Page: 1 3

4 * In-Text Citations * Continued 2. PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE: Using the quote below, PARAPHRASE it and use a parenthetical reference: Given [Harper] Lee s highly reclusive nature, we really don t know if she was a true literary one-hit wonder and only had one great book in her, or if she s had volumes of wonderful stories in her mind that she s been unwilling to share, publish, or maybe even write down. Author: Jacqueline Sahagian Article: Why Fans Shouldn t Read Harper Lee s New Book. Website: The Cheat Sheet Page: 3 3. PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE: Using the information provided, use a parenthetical reference for this direct quote: Seventy-two percent of teachers reported feeling moderate to extreme pressure from school and district administrators to improve test scores.! Article: What Makes Testing Toxic? Page: PARENTHETICAL REFERENCE: Using the information provided, use a parenthetical reference for this direct quote:...it s exciting to hear that this beloved author is releasing new writing about the characters millions of readers have come to know and love.! Author: Jacqueline Sahagian Article: Why Fans Shouldn t Read Harper Lee s New Book. Website: The Cheat Sheet Page: 2 4

5 * Works Cited * Use this guide for your works cited page. Your works cited page will be double spaced and ALPHABETIZED by the Author s Last Name. WEBSITE LastName, FirstName. Title of Article or Webpage. Title of the Website, project, or book in italics. Version. Publisher or Sponsor, Date of publication. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. * EXAMPLE: Bilton, Nick. "Why Google Glass Broke." The New York Times. The New York Times, 4! Feb Web. 6 Feb * NOTE: If there is no version, skip it. Use N.p. if there is no publisher; use n.d. if no date of publication is provided. If there is more than one author, start with the FIRST author listed in the original source and write his/her last name then first name; the rest of the names will follow in FirstName LastName order with commas separating the different authors. Also, if the website uses page numbers, include that information AFTER the Publisher Name and date of publication using a colon after the date. * EXAMPLE: Petrecca, Laura, and Julie Snider. "Going Mobile." USATODAY.com Interactive.!USA! Today, n.d. Web. 8 Feb Periodical LastName, FirstName. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Date Published: page(s). Medium of Publication. * EXAMPLE: Anderson, Kyle. "Have We Run Out of New Songs?" Entertainment Weekly 13 Feb. Book 2015: Print. LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page(s). Medium of Publication. * EXAMPLE: Collins, Suzanne. Mockingjay. New York: Scholastic, Print. Lecture LastName, FirstName. Title of Lecture." Course Title. Place or Institution, City, State. Date of Lecture. Medium of Publication. * EXAMPLE: Orman, Jason. "The Cold War." American History III. Erie High School, Erie, IL. 6 Feb. Image (Online) Lecture. LastName, FirstName. Graph/Video Title. Website Title. Date Created. Medium of Publication. Date Accessed. * EXAMPLE: Walker, Carly. Does Exercise Make You Smart? Classes and Careers. 2 Nov Web. 8 Feb

6 * Works Cited * Continued PRACTICE IT! Using the following information provided, write a works cited entry for each. Make sure to use proper punctuation and capitalization. To indicate italics, you may underline. (But if it is typed, italics should be used.) 1. Author: Jacqueline Sahagian! Article: Why Fans Shouldn t Read Harper Lee s New Book. Name of Site: The Cheat Sheet! Publication: N.p. Publication Date: Feb. 3, 2015! Pages: 1-3 Medium of publication: Web! Date Accessed: Feb. 5, Author: Dave Johnson!!! Article: How Smart Are Your Tweets? Name of Site: Time!!! Publication: Time Publication Date: July 8, 2014!! Medium of publication: Web Date Accessed: Feb. 5, Article: What Makes Testing Toxic?! Publication: NEAToday Publication Date: Winter 2015!! Page: 14 Medium of publication: Print 4. Speaker: Chuck Milem!!! Course: American History II Lecture Date: 28 Jan. 2015!! Location of Lecture: Erie High School City/State: Erie, IL!!! Medium of publication: Lecture 8