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1 Brain Behav Evol 85(4) (2015) print ISSN online e-issn S. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers Basel. Freiburg. Paris. London. New York. Chennai. New Delhi. Bangkok. Beijing. Shanghai. Tokyo. Kuala Lumpur. Singapore. Sydney

2 (O1 E1)2 (O2 E2)2 Medical Statistics has never been easier! D.E. Matthews. V.T. Farewell Using and Understanding Medical Statistics 5th, revised and extended edition >tuberculosis Alive Dead Control Treatment 51 4 > sher.test(tuberculosis) Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data data: tuberculosis p-value= exp(a + bx) Pr(Y=1 X=x) = 1 + exp(a + bx) David E. Matthews Vernon T. Farewell Using and Understanding Medical Statistics 5th, revised and extended edition T = + E1 E2 Matthews, D.E. (Waterloo, Ont.); Farewell, V.T. (Cambridge) Using and Understanding Medical Statistics 5th, revised and extended edition XX p., 48 fig., 103 tab., 2015 CHF / EUR / USD (hard cover + online supplementary material) Online version for institutional purchase Prices subject to change, VAT not included EUR price for eurozone countries, USD price for USA and Latin America only ISBN (hard cover + online supplementary material) e-isbn ebook available on: Dear Librarian I have reviewed this publication and would like to recommend it for our library. Recommended by: Department: The fifth revised edition of this highly successful book presents the most extensive enhancement since Using and Understanding Medical Statistics was first published 30 years ago. Without question, the single greatest change has been the inclusion of source code, together with selected output, for the awardwinning, open-source, statistical package known as R. This innovation has enabled the authors to deemphasize formulae and calculations, and let software do all of the heavy lifting. This edition also introduces readers to several graphical statistical tools, such as Q-Q plots to check normality, residual plots for multiple regression models, funnel plots to detect publication bias in a metaanalysis and Bland-Altman plots for assessing agreement in clinical measurements. New examples that better serve the expository goals have been added to a half-dozen chapters. In addition, there are new sections describing exact confidence bands for the Kaplan-Meier estimator, as well as negative binomial and zero-inflated Poisson regression models for overdispersed count data. The end result is not only an excellent introduction to medical statistics, but also an invaluable reference for every discerning reader of medical research literature. Contents Preface to the Fifth Edition Prefaces to the Previous Editions Basic Concepts Tests of Significance Fisher s Test for 2 2 Contingency Tables Approximate Significance Tests for Contingency Tables Some Warnings concerning 2 2 Tables Kaplan-Meier or Actuarial Survival Curves The Log-Rank or Mantel-Haenszel Test for Comparing Survival Curves An Introduction to the Normal Distribution Analyzing Normally Distributed Data Linear Regression Models for Medical Data Binary Logistic Regression Regression Models for Count Data Proportional Hazards Regression The Analysis of Longitudinal Data Analysis of Variance Data Analysis The Question of Sample Size The Design of Clinical Trials Further Comments regarding Clinical Trials Meta-Analysis Epidemiological Applications Diagnostic Tests Agreement and Reliability References Subject Index Date: Signature: Orders may be placed with any bookshop, subscription agency, directly with the publisher or through a Karger distributor. The easiest way to order: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers CH 4009 Basel, Switzerland orders@karger.com, f: KI15406_4C

3 Official Journal of the J.B. Johnston Club for Evolutionary Neuroscience Founder and editor W. Riss ( ), continued by R.G. Northcutt ( ) and W. Wilczynski ( ) Editor-in-Chief Georg F. Striedter, Irvine, Calif. Editorial Board R. Anadón, Santiago de Compostela G. Ball, Baltimore, Md. A.B. Butler, New Harbor, Maine B.A. Carlson, St. Louis, Mo. S. Collin, Perth, W.A. B. Finlay, Ithaca, N.Y. A. Gonzalez, Madrid O. Güntürkün, Bochum S. Herculano-Houzel, Rio de Janeiro K. Isler, Zurich A.N. Iwaniuk, Lethbridge J. Kaas, Nashville, Tenn. P.S. Katz, Atlanta, Ga. L. Krubitzer, Davis, Calif. L. Medina, Lleida R. Nieuwenhuys, Amsterdam J.E. Niven, Brighton T. Preuss, Atlanta, Ga. A.J. Reiner, Memphis, Tenn. J. Rilling, Atlanta, Ga. C. Salas, Sevilla C.C. Sherwood, Washington, D.C. T. Smulders, Newcastle C. Stevens, La Jolla, Calif. E.J. Vallender, Southborough, Mass. P. Vernier, Gif-sur-Yvette N. Yamamoto, Nagoya K. Yopak, Crawley, W.A. H. Zakon, Austin, Tex. Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Werner Druck & Medien AG, Basel

4 Guidelines for Authors Brain, Behavior and Evolution is a journal with a loyal following, high standards, and a unique profile as the main outlet for the continuing scientific discourse on nervous system evolution. The journal publishes comparative neurobiological studies that focus on nervous system structure, function, or development in both vertebrates and invertebrates. It welcomes molecular, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral approaches. Despite this diversity, most papers published in Brain, Behavior and Evolution include an evolutionary perspective, at least in the discussion, and focus on neural mechanisms or phenomena. Some purely behavioral research may be within the journal s scope, but the suitability of such manuscripts will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The journal also publishes review articles that provide critical overviews of current topics in evolutionary neurobiology. Submission Only original papers written in English are considered. If English is not the first language of the author(s), it is strongly recommended that an En glish-speaking colleague be asked to go over the paper before it is submitted. Manuscripts should be submitted using the online submission website at: Should you experience any problems with your submission, please contact: bbe@karger.com Editorial Office Brain, Behavior and Evolution S. Karger AG P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Tel Fax Conditions All manuscripts are subject to editorial review. Manuscripts are received with the explicit understanding that they are not under simultaneous consideration by any other publication. Submission of a manuscript for publication implies the transfer of copyright from the author to the publisher upon acceptance. Accepted papers become the permanent property of Brain, Behavior and Evolution and may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the written consent of the publisher. 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Statistics reported in the text must include the value of the test statistic (F, t, r, etc.), the number of subjects (n) or degrees of freedom (df), and the p value (<, >, or the exact value). They should be written in one of the following forms: F = 19.44, d.f. = 6,62, p < or F (6,62) = 19.44, p < 0.001; t = 3.73, n = 25, p < 0.01 or t (25) = 3.73, p < 0.01; r = 0.34, n = 8, p > 0.05 or r = 0.34, n = 8, n.s. Reported means must always be accompanied by the standard deviation or standard error of the mean and should be written in a form such as mm. Tables: Each table should bear a heading incorporating the table number (in Arabic numerals) and title; if necessary, a key to symbols in the table should appear beneath the table. Figure legends: Figure legends should be numbered and listed in order. If a figure has more than one part, the legend should begin with a short description of the figure as a whole before each individual frame is described or referred to. 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(c) Edited books: Parren PWHI, Burton DR (1997): Antibodies against HIV-1 from phage display libraries: mapping of an immune response and progress towards antiviral immunotherapy; in Capra JD (ed): Antibody Engineering. Chem Immunol. Basel, Karger, vol 65, pp Digital Object Identifier (DOI) S. Karger Publishers supports DOIs as unique identifiers for articles. A DOI number will be printed on the title page of each article. DOIs can be useful in the future for identifying and citing articles published online without volume or issue information. More information can be found at Supplementary Material Supplementary material is restricted to additional data that are not necessary for the scientific integrity and conclusions of the paper. Please note that all supplementary files will undergo editorial review and should be submitted together with the original manuscript. The Editors reserve the right to limit the scope and length of the supplementary material. 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6 General Information ISSN Print Edition: ISSN Online Edition: Journal Homepage: Publication Data: Brain, Behavior and Evolution is published 8 times a year. Volumes 85 86, each with 4 issues, appear in Copyright: 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or, in the case of photocopying, direct payment of a specified fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the journal is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Subscription Rates: Subscriptions run for a full calendar year. Prices are given per year. Personal subscription: Print or Online Print+Online combined CHF CHF EUR EUR USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) CHF Europe, CHF Overseas EUR USD Institutional subscription: Print or Online Print+Online combined CHF CHF EUR EUR USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) CHF Europe, CHF Overseas EUR USD Discount subscription prices: J.B. Johnston Club for Evolutionary Neuroscience: Print or Online Print+Online combined USD USD postage and handling (added to print and print+online) USD Please inquire about reduced rates for members of the American Psychological Association (APA), International Brain Research Organisation, International Society for Neuroethology, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. Back Volumes and Single Issues: Information on availability and prices of single print issues and print or electronic back volumes can be obtained from Customer Service at service@karger.com. Bibliographic Indices: This journal is regularly listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and PubMed/MEDLINE. Photocopying: This journal has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), as indicated by the code appearing on the first page of each article. For readers in the US, this code signals consent for copying of articles for personal or internal use, or for the personal or internal use of specific clients, provided that the stated fee is paid per copy directly to Copyright Clearance Center Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers, MA (USA) A copy of the first page of the article must accompany payment. Consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. In these cases, specific written permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, S. Karger AG, P.O. Box CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland). Subscription Orders: Orders can be placed at agencies, bookstores, directly with the Publisher S. Karger AG Medical and Scientific Publishers Allschwilerstrasse 10 CH 4009 Basel Switzerland t: f: e: karger@karger.com w: (for courier services only: Allschwilerstrasse 10 CH 4055 Basel) or further Karger offices or representatives: Germany S. Karger GmbH Postfach Freiburg Deutschland (Hausadresse: Wilhelmstrasse 20A, Freiburg) t: f: e: information@karger.de w: Japan Karger Japan, Inc. Shiba Daimon Asahi Bldg. 2F Shiba Daimon Minato-ku Tokyo Japan t: f: e: publisher@karger.jp w: USA S. Karger Publishers, Inc. 26 West Avon Road P.O. Box 529 Unionville, CT USA Toll free: t: f: e: karger@snet.net France Enter & Read Albertine Luginbuhl 23, rue du Départ, boite Paris France t: +33 (0) e: albertineluginbuhl@orange.fr South East Asia, China and Taiwan Karger Regional Office (Malaysia) Level A, PJ Exchange No. 16A, Persiaran Barat Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia t: f: e: service@karger.cn; r.chew@karger.cn Karger China 51F Raffles City Centre 268 Xi Zang Middle Road Huang Pu District Shanghai P.R. China t: f: e: service@karger.cn r.chew@karger.cn w: India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Karger India Plot No. 17, Yusuf Sarai Market B.L. Glass Building, 2nd Floor Sri Aurobindo Marg New Delhi India t: f: c: e: r.kumar@kargerindia.com w: Change of Address: Both old and new address should be sent to the subscription source S. Karger AG, Basel karger@karger.com The Journal Home Page is available at:

7 Contents See the journal website for contents Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

8 Karger Publishers 125 Years of Experience in Medical and Scientific Publishing Festschrift Karger Connecting the World of Biomedical Science This richly illustrated Festschrift chronicles the company s development and contributions in the service of medicine and science since It tells the history of Karger Publishers until the present day. Medical and Scientific Publishers Please send an to 125years@karger.com to receive your free copy or discover it online. Publishing Highlights Take a guided tour through 125 years of medical and scientific publishing! Follow us on a leisurely walk through interesting times, fascinating topics and beautiful illustrations. Karger Gazette The Karger Gazette anniversary issue explores the STM publishing business in the digital age, offers short portraits of Karger s journal and book series editors as well as interviews with three renowned scientists. KI15184

9 Citation Classics 215 Mapping the Visual World of Fishes Pettigrew, J.D. (Brisbane, Qld.); Collin, S.P. (Brisbane, Qld./Crawley, W.A.) Original Papers 217 Visual Specializations in Five Sympatric Species of Stingrays from the Family Dasyatidae Garza-Gisholt, E.; Kempster, R.M.; Hart, N.S.; Collin, S.P. (Crawley, W.A.) 233 GSK-3β Inhibition Affects Singing Behavior and Neurogenesis in Adult Songbirds Aloni, E.; Shapira, M.; Eldar-Finkelman, H. (Tel Aviv); Barnea, A. (Raanana) 245 Variation in Brain Morphology of Intertidal Gobies: A Comparison of Methodologies Used to Quantitatively Assess Brain Volumes in Fish White, G.E.; Brown, C. (North Ryde, N.S.W.) 257 The Parapineal Is Incorporated into the Habenula during Ontogenesis in the Medaka Fish Ishikawa, Y. (Chiba/Tokyo); Inohaya, K. (Yokohama); Yamamoto, N. (Nagoya); Maruyama, K. (Chiba); Yoshimoto, M. (Tokyo); Iigo, M. (Utsunomiya); Oishi, T. (Nara); Kudo, A. (Yokohama); Ito, H. (Tokyo) 271 In vivo Recordings from Low-Frequency Nucleus Laminaris in the Barn Owl Palanca-Castan, N.; Köppl, C. (Oldenburg) Abstracts 287 The 35th Annual Meeting of the J.B. Johnston Club for Evolutionary Neuroscience and the 27th Annual Karger Workshop in Evolutionary Neuroscience Chicago, Ill., October 15 16, 2015 after 293 Contents Vol. 85, 2015 Cover illustration Average retinal cell density maps in the blue-spotted fantail ray, T. lymma. For details see Garza-Gisholt et al., pp