PUBLIKASI JURNAL INTERNASIONAL

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1 PUBLIKASI JURNAL INTERNASIONAL Tips (no trick in science) Ethics Monitoring Cited paper Journal Writing Paper 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 1 Ethics (or Ended) Authorship Contribute research Contribute writing Responsible in publishing Scientific No fabrication No falsification No plagiarism 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 2 1

2 Quiz: 1. You are preparing a paper that involves a complex concept but you're having difficulty putting into words precisely how this concept works. You see an excellent explanation in another published paper. Is it okay to use this explanation word for word in your paper without referring to the other paper? Yes No No. Your answer is correct. It is not acceptable If you use another source to explain a concept, you should reference where that explanation came from and also make clear that you are quoting someone else. Using someone else's work as your own, is plagiarism. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 3 Quiz: 2. Let's say you don't copy someone's original work word for word - instead you paraphrase it. Is it acceptable to use someone else's concept, idea, or description of an idea - but in your own words? Yes No Yes and No: The correct answer is Yes and No! Paraphrasing is acceptable but is only permitted if you credit the other's work. Without such credit paraphrasing can constitute a form of plagiarism 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 4 2

3 Quiz: 3. You plagiarized someone's work and you're caught, what's the likely consequence? Select ALL that apply. The article is retracted with public documentation explaining why The institute funding your research takes disciplinary action-- and could ask you to leave Your judgment and reputation come into question All of the above - the severity will depend on the specific circumstances. If you're not clear on the boundaries of publishing ethics, seek the counsel of your principal investigator, editor, or someone in charge of research integrity at your institution. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 5 Quiz: 4. You and a team of students are working together on a research paper but you are doing most of heavy lifting. In fact, except for some research contributions of the team, it's really your paper. Can you take credit as the sole author? Yes No No. Your answer is correct. When you work with others to write a paper, you should make sure to credit each individual involved, indicating his or her contribution. If the paper is truly a collaborative effort, all authors should be credited. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 6 3

4 Quiz: 5. The You third have one. completed That's a paper right. and Your want answer to give is correct. it your best shot Authors at publication. should only What's submit your best to one strategy: journal at a time and Submit wait to hear your a paper decision to several from journals the editor at the before same submitting time, such as to Science, another Nature, journal. and Submitting Cell, and see a paper who accepts to multiple it - maybe journals all three! simultaneously presents potential ethical issues because Submit several journals it to Science, may unknowingly Nature, and Cell publish all at the same time, article-- but once risking you duplication. find out one of Multiple the journals submissions has accepted also the waste paper, withdraw referees' all time. other Finally, submissions. if your paper is rejected and you Submit submit it your to another paper to journal, one journal you should - Science, take Nature, referees' or Cell, and and editors' wait advice to hear for if it improvement is accepted. If seriously, it isn't, then and submit implement it to another these changes journal. into the new submitted paper. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 7 Quiz: 6. Yes. Let's Your say answer Cell accepts is correct. your paper. Is it okay to submit a version of that paper in a language other than English to a If both journals are aimed at the same community of journal in a different country. Does that count as a duplicate researchers and users, it should be considered duplicate submission? publication. However, there are instances where an article Yes might be published in local language in a local publication, No which might be considered for re-publication in an international journal. This would only happen with an agreement between the two journals, and if the editor-inchief believes the article is significant and will reach a new or different community of readers. In such cases a notice about the prior local publication would be issued. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 8 4

5 Quiz: 7. You have worked long and hard on a research project. You feel your research is applicable to a variety of disciplines and you can envision the paper appealing to a range of audiences. Is it ok to 'slice up' the core data to create several unique papers, based on your core research, that can be submitted to a variety of journals in different fields? Yes No No. Your answer is correct, it's not ok. While it sounds like a good way to maximize your research and potential for getting it published, slicing up research into several papers for different publications is considered a manipulation of the research and publishing process. This should be avoided at all costs. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 9 Quiz: 8. The You third are working one. That's on a study right. and Your the answer results are is correct. not coming out the way you want them to. You just cannot confirm the There are no short cuts. Even if no one suspects an hypothesis no matter how many times you rerun the tests. omission or manipulation of data now, it can come back to You're the one conducting the research and the only one managing haunt you. the A data published analysis. paper You want is a permanent to successfully record resolve of your this. What work. are And, your if options? you are caught, it can cost your reputation. You More make important, very minor falsifying modifications results can to have the data repercussions, and slightly alter especially the images for studies to keep involving it consistent. therapies The likelihood that will ultimately of anyone challenging be used to the treat results patients. are slim Unproven or false data can be You harmful leave to out the patients, problematic and data can and have only use far findings reaching that support consequences, your hypothesis especially in situations where researchers You try to replicate consult with or build your on supervisor the data. and/or lab team to troubleshoot, even if it means going back to the drawing board. There are no short cuts in science 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 10 5

6 Quiz: 9. What situation might be considered a conflict of interest? A researcher who (please check all that apply).: Owns stock of the pharmaceutical company commissioning the research work Is also a consultant to the company commissioning the research work All of the above - That's right. All of the above are potential conflicts of interest. But just because a potential conflict of interest exists does not automatically imply wrong-doing. Authors should disclose potential conflicts to the journal editor when they submit their cover letter with their manuscript to avoid potential conflicts becoming an issue. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 11 Quiz: You are a university researcher conducting research on the effects of a new shingles vaccine. Your father works at a pharmaceutical company - in fact at one of the leading vaccine manufacturers. Is this okay? Yes No Yes. Your answer is correct. It's ok as long as you declare the potential conflict of interest to your institute's ethics group and also to any journal you submit a resulting paper to. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 12 6

7 Quiz: You are a researcher wanting to publish a study undertaken in human beings. Do you need to provide detail about which organization gave ethical approval and how consent was obtained? Yes No Yes. Your answer is correct. It is unethical to undertake a study without evidence of ethical approval and informed consent, and journals will reject your manuscript. As regulations vary worldwide about what type study requires ethical approval, this needs to be specified clearly in your submission letter with supporting documentation. Also undertaking a study without ethical approval can lead to sanctions by institutions and professional bodies. Main 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 13 Journal Indexed journals Thomson journals: Scopus journals: Other indexing journals: etc Open access journals Multidisciplinary journals Scopus statistics: more citations than specialty journals 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 14 7

8 Journal Impact Factors: What Are They & How Can They Be Used? (Pamela Sherwill, MLS, AHIP; College of Nursing, University of Florida; April 27, 2004) History Of Impact Factors Created in the 60s to select journals for Science Citation Index Developed to compare journals regardless of their size Journal Impact Factors (IF) = Article IF Size & breadth of a scientific field determines super-cited papers Delays in reviewing and publication affects IF Paper/Author Impact Factor (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 15 Calculating Impact Factors # of citations in the current year for a journal # items published in the journal for the last 2 years JIF appears in JCR (THOMSON-Web of Science) ~ SJR appears in Scopus JIF begins to appear in Vol. 3, thus Vol. 1 & 2 are important (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 16 8

9 Key Determinants The key determinants are not the number of authors or articles in the field but the citation density and the age of the literature cited. The average number of citations per article and the immediacy of citation are the significant elements. The size of a field will generally increase the number of super-cited papers. ---Eugene Garfield Select recent journals for references (SM) Select Multidisciplinary journal (SM) The founder of JIF for Thomson (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 17 Citation Density Mean # of references cited per article Varies by discipline lower in math than life sciences Do not Higher in review articles underestimate the review paper (SM) Do not prepare a manuscript with a few references (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 18 9

10 What Influences IF? Review articles cited more often Case reports rarely cited Rapid publication time > Self-citations > Do it (SM) Bias towards rapidly evolving fields Cites not counted after 2 years Specialty journals have < IF Do not underestimate the review paper (SM) Select a journal published quickly/monthly (SM) Select a multidisciplinary journal (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 19 Broader coverage means more citations In Thousands Nearest peer Scopus Choose multidisciplinary journal instead of specialty journal (SM) Scopus has on average 10% more citations per article >7,000 citations for these examples Number of citations to most cited articles in WoS and Scopus 20 10

11 Impact Factors Scientific journals score > than clinical ones US journals score > than European Review articles score > than original articles Methodological papers may score > than those with new data Free electronic access > the IF of a journal Methodological paper (SM) Publish it before empirical paper (SM) Select an open access journal (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 21 How Are IFs Used? Judge a publication s quality or prestige Assess academic productivity Authors choosing where to publish Evaluate an author or journal editor Decisions for tenure & promotion By libraries to make collection decisions 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 22 11

12 Self-Citations Self-Plagiarism Do it Encouraged by some editors/journals (SM) Not subtracted when IF is calculated Authors accumulate many self-citations ISI claims it has little effect on the relative rank of highly ranked journals Journals with IF <.5 have high self- citation rates 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 23 Impact Factor Limitations Reflect the journal rather than the article Vary with time in numbers & ranking Changes in clinical interest affects IF Not related to the peer review process Can be manipulated by authors or editors 2-year period is arbitrary - not empirically based Journal availability affects the ranking Author citation errors Score 30% in article evaluation method by Institution (SM) Write down the references correctly (SM) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 24 12

13 Limitations (continued) Authors produce smaller numbers of articles IF can vary from journal issue to issue IF vary from year to year Lack of empiric studies on IF as measure of quality Contra productive Or Keep publish frequently (SM) Main 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 25 Paper Review paper first Thomson statistics: more citations than research paper Essential content (novelty): Identify the gap of knowledge Propose a new theory, hypothesis Publish it when you prepare a research proposal Research/empirical paper Essential content (novelty): Fill the gap of knowledge Implications, etc Publish it when you complete a research work PUBLISH 2 PAPERS IN 1 RESEARCH PROJECT Main 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 26 13

14 Attention in Writing Novelty: Title (do not duplicate words/phrases in the abstract & keywords: for Optimum Search by Google) Abstract (max 350 words: for Optimum Search by Google) Introduction! Indexing: Keywords (max 7 words/phrases for Optimum Search by Google) Google SEO: keywords = 2-7% abstract 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 27 Attention of using: Sentences Ref: Biology, Bates College, USA, 2008 MedSci, China, 2012 Data and units of measure (do not use abbreviations except with data and temperature) Quotation (ok but limit it) Table of others (copyright permission) Figure of others (copyright permission) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 28 14

15 Writing sequence as printed May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 29 Introduction: State of the art + Research (question) formulation + Research objective NOVEL... contoh Materials and Methods: how to (collect, organize, analyze) data Results and Discussion: what we found + what it means References: cited in the text ( Bibliography) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 30 15

16 References: 1. The list = present in the text 2. Selection (not collection) Indexed journals (Indexing Services: CABI, CAS, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Scopus, Thomson, etc) ISSN Peer-reviewed Metric (Google Scholar, Harzing, Scopus, Thomson) Relevant to topic Balanced findings Up to date Primary sources 3. Writing style Instruction to authors (Journal) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 31 Introduction: State of the art To find out any gaps of KAP (knowledge, attitude, practice): sources, processes, products, etc Research formulation To fill the gap of KAP (novelty): new creation, innovation, new paradigm, etc Research objective To achieve problem solving (Additional outcomes are acceptable) 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 32 16

17 Introduction: Source of writing 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 33 Materials and Methods: How to do (proof, achieve) research formulation and objective Collect Organize Analyze Source of writing 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 34 17

18 Results and Discussion: Scientifically treated findings Confirmation to other relevant findings Add new information (must be stated) Source of writing 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 35 Conclusion (if asked by journal): the most important results, which determine the research objective. Source of writing: 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 36 18

19 Title: (what, who, where, when) + (method, result, conclusion, specific name, etc) Abstract: objective, methods, results Keywords: syllabi Conclusion (if asked by journal): the most important results, which determine the research objective. 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 37 Abstract and keywords Source of writing 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 38 19

20 Authors: Complete + Corresponding author Affiliations: Complete ( Standard Institutional name, Postal address, Phone & Fax, Author s s) Consistent to other papers of the same author Acknowledgement: outside the authors, technical and financial supports Main 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 39 Monitoring Suggestion to monitor author impact Institutional account Gmail account Google Scholar account: Klik Klik 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 40 20

21 Sample for starting sign up your account Klik 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 41 Sample for Author preview of Scopus Klik 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 42 21

22 Sample for Author preview of Scopus Papers Citations 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 43 Suggestion to get authors and journals impact Harzing software -THANK YOU- Main 20 May 2015 Copyright (C) 2012 Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo 44 22