APA (6th ed.) Citation Help Guide

Transcription

1 1 APA (6th ed.) Citation Help Guide Basic Format For a detailed description on formatting a paper using the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th edition, 2nd printing, see pages There is also a sample paper in the APA manual, which can be used as a visual reference, on pages Formatting basics for APA include the following: Double spaced 1 inch margins Times New Roman font size 12 Each page is numbered in top right corner of the header. Title Page is number 1 and includes the Running head: with the abbreviated title typed in all CAPS (American Psychological Association, 2009, p. 229). Format Title Page with Running head: Microsoft Word Complete on First Page Click on the Insert tab Click on Edit Header Click the box in front of Different First Page Click on Page Number Click on Top of Page Click on Plain Number 1 option Type Running head: abbreviated title (all caps) of your paper to the left of the number 1 Hit the tab key twice (this will move the number 1 over to the right corner) Click Close Header and Footer (big red X) Word for Mac Complete on First Page Click on Documents Elements Click on Basic from drop-down menu Delete [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] and Footer (purple colored) Check Different First Page Type Running head: abbreviated title (all caps) Tab over to end of line & click on Page # (located under the Header and Footer tab) If Page Numbers pop-up window appears click OK Click on Close Complete on Second Page Complete on Second Page Click on the Insert tab Click on Documents Elements Click on Edit Header Click on Basic from drop-down menu Click on Page Number Delete [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] Click on Top of Page Type abbreviated title (all caps) Click on Plain Number 1 option Tab over to end of line & click on Page # (located under the Header and Footer tab) Type abbreviated title (all caps) of your paper If the Page Numbers pop-up window appears to the left of the number 2 click OK Hit the tab key twice (this will move the Click on Close number 2 over to the right corner) Click Close Header and Footer (big red X) All subsequent pages of the document will automatically be numbered and include the abbreviated title.

2 In-text Citing of Your References APA requires writers to document their references paraphrases and direct quotes throughout the text of their paper (in-text citation). Also, writers must prepare a references page at the end of their paper which includes a more detailed reference citation of each source. The reference citations are listed alphabetically in the reference list (APA, 2009, p. 174). Pay close attention to subtle formatting requirements, such as use of italics and location of punctuation marks. The basic format for an in-text citation includes author and date. If you have a direct quote you must also indicate the page number for the quoted material. For example: Citation at the end of a paraphrase: (Jones, 2005). Citation at the end of a direct quote: (Jones, 2005, p. 28). Citation at the end of a large direct quote (<40 words): A large quote must be set apart from the rest of the text, for example: If the quotation comprises 40 or more words, display it in a freestanding block of text and omit the quotation marks. Start such a block quotation on new line and indent the block about a half inch from the left margin (in the same position as a new paragraph). If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent the first line of each additional half inch. Double-space the entire quotation. At the end of a block quotation, cite the quoted source and the page or paragraph number in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. (APA, 2009, p. 171) You must list all authors for each citation on the references page, unless there are more than seven authors. However, use the following guidelines for listing authors in an in-text citation (APA, 2009, pp ): One (Jones, 2005). Two (Jones & Doe, 2005). Three to Five (Jones, Doe, & Black, 2005). List all authors first time, then (Jones et al., 2005). Six or More (Jones et al., 2005). Only list first author for all in-text citations. Sometimes the author is actually a group, such as corporations, associations, government agencies, and study groups and names of some group authors are spelled out in the first citation and abbreviated thereafter (APA, 2009, p. 176). For example: First time cited in text: Subsequent times in text: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). (CDC, 2013). 2

3 3 Sample Reference Citations Books Entire Book print (APA, 2010, p. 202), basic format: Author Last Name, Author First Initial. Author Middle Initial. (Year). Title of work. Example: Location: Publisher. Small, G., & Vorgan, G. (2011). The Alzheimer s prevention program: Keep your brain healthy for the rest of your life. New York, NY: Workman Publishing. Chapter in a Book or Entry in a Reference Book (APA, 2010, p. 202), format: Author Last Name, Author First Initial. Author Middle Initial. (Year). Title of book chapter or Example: reference entry. In Editor s First Name Initial. Editor s Last Name, & Editor s First Name Initial. Editor s Last Name (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xx-xx). Location: Publisher. Pfettscher, S. A. (2010). Florence Nightingale: Modern nursing. In M. R. Alligood, & A. M. Tomey (Eds.), Nursing theorists and their work (7th ed., pp ). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby. Dictionary Entry in a reference work with no byline (APA, 2010, p. 203), example: Venes, D. (Ed.). (2009). Taber s cyclopedic medical dictionary (21st ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. ebook Electronic Version of Print Book (APA, 2010, p. 203), example: Hillman, B. J., & Goldsmith, J. C. (2011). Sorcerer s apprentice: How medical imaging is changing health care [Adobe Digital Editions version]. Retrieved from ebscohost.com/ebooks If the ebook has a doi number, use the doi number at the end of reference citation instead of retrieved from statement.

4 4 Sample Reference Citations Periodicals Journal Article Basic Format Author Last Name, Author First Initial. Author Middle Initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Vol#(issue#), pages of article. doi Journal Article with DOI (APA, 2009, p. 198), example: Schofield, D. A., Molineux, I. J., & Westwater, C. (2009). Diagnostic bioluminescent phage for detection of Yersinia pestis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(12), doi: /jcm Print Journal Article without DOI (APA, 2009, p. 199), example: Preber, H., Linder, L., & Bergstrom, J. (1995). Periodontal healing and periopathogenic microflora in smokers and non-smokers. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 22(12), Journal Article without DOI from a Database only include the home page URL for the journal (APA, 2009, p. 198), example: Koors, T., & Cecilia, M. H. (2010). How to handle feline aortic thromboembolism. Veterinary Medicine, 105(11), Retrieved from Journal Article with DOI, more than seven authors (APA, 2009, p. 198). List the first six authors, followed by an ellipsis, and then the last author s name. Example: Mangiri, A., Luliano, A. D., Wahyuningrum, Y., Praptiningsih, C. Y., Lafond, K. E., Storms, A.,... Uyeki, T. M. (2017). Physician s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza, and highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections of humans in Indonesia. Influenza & Other Respiratory Viruses, 11(1), doi: /irv.12428

5 5 Secondary Sources (APA, 2009, p. 178). In Text Citation, example: Andreas Gruntzig s observations (as cited in Weisfeldt & Zleman, 2007). Reference Citation, example: Weisfeldt, M. L., & Zleman, S. J. (2007). Advances in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Health Affairs, 26(1), doi: /hlthaff Online Newspaper Article (APA, 2009, p. 200), example: Kolata, G. (2012, October 19). Diabetes study ends early with surprising result. The New York Times. Retrieved from Magazine Article (APA, 2009, p. 200), example: Soreff, S., & Siddle, D. (2004, March). Understanding and dealing with resident aggression. Nursing Homes/Longterm Care Management, 53(3), Sample Reference Citations Websites Website Basic Format: Author Last Name, Author First Initial. Author Middle Initial. (Year). Title of work. Retrieved from URL Website (group author is a government agency), example: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Preventing seasonal flu with vaccination. Retrieved from Corporate Author, Government Report (APA, 2009, p. 205), example: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Emergency. (2012). An HHS retrospective on the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic to advance all hazards preparedness. Retrieved from retrospective/documents/h1n1-retrospective.pdf Note: If a report number is available, list it directly after the title. For example: (Report No. 21). See pages of APA manual for more details.

6 6 Informally Published or Self-archived Work (APA, 2009, p. 212), example: Murray, M. W. (2012). Heart disease: Tips for prevention. Retrieved from features/tips_prev.htm Sample Reference Citations Other Resources Interview Recorded and Available in an Archive (APA, 2009, p. 214), example: Thomas, R. A. (2007, August 14). Interview by P. Redmond [Audio]. Veterans History Project, The Library of Congress, American Folklife Center. Retrieved from Personal Communication private letters, memos, some electronic communications (e.g., e- mail or messages from nonarchived discussion groups or electronic bulletin boards personal interviews are not included in the reference page cite personal communications in text only (APA, 2009, p. 179), example: J. M. Jones (personal communication, March 13, 2013) Online Course Materials If the instructor s material is not available elsewhere, cite course material as Personal Communication (example is listed above). Photo, Artwork, Painting, Map, Image, etc. Jens, G. (n.d.). Flower blue close [Digital photo]. Retrieved from free-photos/download/flower_blue_close_ html Legal Materials Due to intricacies of legal citations, please see pages in the APA manual for details on citing legal resources. Last Update: November 2018 Contributors: Shilo Smith, MLIS Caruth Health Education Center Joshua Brown, MLIS Lindsay Curry, BA American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., 2nd printing). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.