HIKAYAT PATANI THE STORY OF PATANI

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1 HIKAYAT PATANI THE STORY OF PATANI

2 BIBLIOTHECA INDONESICA published by the KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE 5 HIKAYAT PATANI THE STORY OF PATANI by A. TEEUW D. K. WYATT THE HAGUE - SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V

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4 The Bibliotheca Indonesica is a series of texts in Indonesian languages published in critical edition and accompanied by a translation and commentary. As such it is a continuation of the Bibliotheca Javanica which from 1930 onward was published by the Royal Batavia Society for Arts and Sciences, though with two significant differences: the Bibliotheca Indonesica contains texts in various Indonesian languages, and the translations and commentaries are in English. In this way the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology aims to contribute further to the unlocking of the treasury of Indonesian literatures for the benefit of international scholarship. Special thanks are due to the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.) for making available the grant which enabled the Institute to launch this new project. The series has been designed in such a way as to serve not only the needs of students of literature proper. Historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and linguists as well as students of comparative religion and law may also find much in this literature to enrich and deepen their insight. It is hoped, finally, that the Bibliotheca Indonesica, by presenting a variety of products of the Indonesian mind to a wider public, may form a valuable contribution to the mutual understanding of the peoples of East and West. THE EDITORIAL BOARD.

5 PREFACE The stimulus for the joint venture of which the present book is the visible result was provided by the discovery of a Malay manuscript of the long lost Hikayat Patani by one of the authors, and the publication, quite independently, of a Thai version of the same text by the other. The authors, who were not acquainted with one another before this, "found" each other at the suggestion of Professor O. W. Wolters, to whom they are grateful for the idea. The preparation of the book took place on both sides of the Atlantic, with a frequent exchange of letters containing the results of the work of each author. In August, 1969, Teeuw was given the opportunity to visit Cornell University, where in a fortnight's most intensive contact and concentrated research all the drafts were checked, supplemented, rewritten and improved, and the definitive arrangement of the book decided on. The work on the manuscript was completed in the following four months, again in geographically separated spheres. The actual manuscript was rounded off at the beginning of Looking back the whole undertaking was a hazardous experiment in many respects. Not only were the authors not personally acquainted when the work was first begun, but neither spoke the other's language - Malay and Thai - and even though their respective disciplines may be related, they differ on many points. In view of the developments in the study of Southeast Asian historiography it was far from certain at the outset that this confrontation between the philologist and the historian would not lead to conflict rather than synthesis. It is not for the authors to judge to what extent their efforts have been successful. Personally they are convinced that in any case the attempt has been worthwhile and that it has become apparent once more that in principle cooperation between specialists from different disciplines and on different areas in Southeast Asia is fruitful and necessary. Their experience has taught them that the contrast between Buddhist Thailand, which is orientated more towards mainland Asia, and Muslim, Indonesia-oriented Malaya is not as absolute as is often suggested. If the publication of this Story of Patani contributes in any way to the interpenetration of mainland and insular Southeast Asian

6 VI HIKAYAT PATANI studies the authors - apart from the personal satisfaction this work has afforded them - will feel more than duly rewarded for their efforts. For interest's sake it may be useful to point out how in the main the work was divided between the authors. The edition of the Malay text with the translation was prepared by Teeuw, who is also primarily responsible for Chapters II and III; in many ways he has been able to profit for these parts from the earlier publication by Wyatt of the translation of the Thai version (1967). The first Chapter was written by Wyatt, who also designed and drew the maps printed in this book. The detailed comments on the Malay text (Chapter VI) were prepared jointly by the authors, each contributing from his own field whatever seemed relevant for elucidating the text. The authors also jointly wrote the short concluding chapter, in which they have endeavoured to give some kind of evaluation of the text as a Malay story and history. But throughout the work on this book there was such a strong interaction between the views of both authors that they prefer to emphasize their joint responsibility for the book as a whole rather than stressing their respective contributions to it. The authors would not have been able to bring this work to an end without the moral, intellectual and material support of many people and institutions. Mr. Cecil Hobbs, librarian of the Southeast Asia Department of the Library of Congress kindly opened the stacks of his Department to Teeuw, and by letting him roam about there enabled him to rediscover the library's Malay treasures, of which this manuscript of the Hikayat Patani constitutes the most precious one. Dr. Rodney Needham of the Institute of Social Studies at Oxford University kindly made available the second manuscript once Teeuw had got onto the scent of it. Dr. R. Roolvink of the University of Leiden, who was the first to draw Teeuw's attention to the importance of the text which he had rediscovered, read through a large part of the pre-final draft of the book and suggested a number of valuable improvements especially in the translation of the Malay text. Tun Seri Mubin Sheppard kindly provided the authors with information pertaining to the final part of the Malay text in two personal letters. Professor P. E. de Josselin de Jong~ Dr. A. H. Klokke and Dr. H. J. de Graaf were kind enough to answer incidental requests for information. The authors hope that Mrs. Judith Becker, at present in Malang, Indonesia, will forgive them for inserting an enlightening note on some musicological aspects of the final part of

7 PREFACE VII the text which she sent by way of personal communication to Wyatt. Drs. S. O. Robson, staff member of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, has had as large a part in the realization of this volume of the Bibliotheca Indonesica as he has had in the previous volumes. He is partly responsible for the English of Teeuw's contributions to this book, and also checked the Malay text once more against the Abdullah manuscript and carefully read through the remainder of the text, not restricting himself to technical corrections but also frequently suggesting material improvements. He also had a large part in the compilation of the bibliography and index and assisted in reading the proofs. Miss M. J. L. van Yperen. also on the editorial staff of the Institute, in addition to typing out draft after draft, took care of the correspondence at the European end, as well as keeping track of all the incoming and outgoing changes to the manuscripts. Her continuous attention to the rules of English grammar and idiom is also gratefully acknowledged. The authors are grateful to the Library of Congress and to the Institute of Social Anthropology in Oxford for their permission to m3.ke use of the manuscripts of the Hikayat Patani for this publication. Mention should also be made of the financial support of the University of Leiden which enabled Teeuw to travel to Cornell University for the preparation of this publication, and to the Southeast Asia Program of Cornell University which undertook the financial responsibility for his stay in Ithaca, N.Y. A large part of the editorial work on this book was done under the three years' grant provided by Z.W.O. (Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research) to the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology for the launching of the Bibliotheca Indonesica, which is gratefully acknowledged here. The authors feel honoured by the Board of the Institute's accepting this text for publication in the abovenamed series. A few remarks on the spelling used in this book seem called for. Use has been made, for the spelling of the Malay text, of the system of spelling designed some years ago by the joint Indonesian-Malaysian Committee for the unification of the spelling of Malay and Bahasa Indonesia. Although so far this has not been officially implemented in either of the two countries, it is used unofficially in a sufficiently large number of cases in both to justify its adoption in a scholarly edition of a Malay text which may attract some interest in both Malaysia and Indonesia. For consistency's sake the spelling of the Malay text

8 VIII HIKAYAT PATANI has been maintained in the proper names, toponyms and Malay words occurring in the English part of the book except in cases where an Oriental word has been incorporated in the English language (e.g. sheikh rather than syaikh). Thai words and names occurring in the Malay text have been spelt according to the Malay spelling of the Abdullah manuscript; but in the English text the spelling of these Thai words has been adapted to the accepted scholarly transliteration of Thai insofar as the Malay spelling has allowed of such adaptation. For references to the Malay text (and English translation) throughout the book use has been made of the page numbers of the Abdullah manuscript printed in the margin of the Malay text (Chapter IV) and the translation (Chapter V). In conclusion a few words about the cover adorning the book. Use has been made for this of an etching included in Begin ende V oortgangh (Tweede Schipvaert) in illustration of the detailed account of life at the court of Patani contained therein, as reported by Dutch sailors at the beginning of the 17th century. The authors realize that the idea which the Dutch artist formed of a royal picnic in Patani on the basis of this report is far from realistic. But they have yielded to the naive charm of this misrepresentation, and trust that the reader will also be amused rather than annoyed at this cover. In any case they hope that the book will help to give a better knowledge and understanding of the Malay world of Patani to both Eastern and Western readers. ANDRIES TEEUW, University of Leiden. DAVID K. WYATT, Cornell University.

9 CONTENTS page VOL. I. Preface. V Map 1. X Chapter 1. A Short History of Patani. 1 Chapter II. The Hikayat Patani and Related Texts 25 Chapter III. The Structure of the Malay Text Its Authors, Date, Language. 50 Chapter IV. Hikayat Patani (Malay Text) 68 Plates. Facsimiles of Pages from the Abdullah Manuscript VOL. II. Map 2. V Chapter V. The Story of Patani (Translation). 146 Chapter VI. Commentary 217 Chapter VII. Conclusion 289 Bibliography. 298 Index 307

10 Map 1. Patani in Southeast Asia.

Saya persembahkan kepada Ayah dan Ibu Almarhum yang tercinta kepada Bapak Siswadarsana dan Bapak Hadiwiyata serta kepada isteriku, Elly.

THE BOOK OF CABOLtK Saya persembahkan kepada Ayah dan Ibu Almarhum yang tercinta kepada Bapak Siswadarsana dan Bapak Hadiwiyata serta kepada isteriku, Elly. BIBLIOTHECA INDONESICA published by the KONINKLIJK