MLA Style Guide. In-Text Citations

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1 Library and Learning Technology Division East Mesa Campus Library (575) Espina Campus Library (575) Getting Started MLA Style Guide Always check with your instructor for his or her preferences for cita ons and forma ng. This Style Guide provides you with specific examples of ci ng a variety of resources. You don t have to memorize the rules. Instead, you just need to understand and be able to locate the key components that are always included in a MLA cita on, such as tle, author, publica on date, and publishing informa on. There are three steps to using MLA style for your paper: 1. Forma ng (double space, one inch margins, 12 pt font in Times New Roman, page number in the upper righthand corner a er last name) 2. Ci ng materials in the text of your paper 3. Lis ng the materials alphabe cally at the end of your paper (under Works Cited) For a more detailed explana on, please consult MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th Edi on (2016). In-Text Citations In text cita on must clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited; these parenthe cal references must match the corresponding informa on in your Works Cited. You should iden fy the cited informa on as specifically as possible, yet keep the cita on brief. Iden fy sources by author and, if necessary, by tle. If you quote, paraphrase, or otherwise use a specific passage, concept, or idea from a book or ar cle, you need to give credit for them, including the page number for quota ons. In-Text Citations Example 1. Tannen has argued this point (178-85). Example 2. This point has already been argued (Tannen ). Example 3. Others, like Jakobson and Waugh (210-15), hold the opposite point of view. Example 4. Others hold the opposite point of view (e. g., Jakobson and Waugh ). When ci ng an en re work (printed or electronic publica ons, with or without page numbers), include, as part of the text, the name of the author (or corpora on) that corresponds to the entry in your list of works cited rather than pu ng it in parentheses. Example 1. Right - Fukuyama s Our Posthuman Future includes many examples of this trend. Wrong - Our Posthuman Future (Fukuyama, 2002) includes many examples of this trend. Example 2. Right - American Heart Association s Instant & Healthy cookbook includes more than 100 recipes. Wrong - The Instant & Healthy (American Heart Association, 2018) cookbook includes more than 100 recipes. 1

2 Works Cited Tips Works Cited Start a new page. Use alphabe cal order, and double spacing. Use a 1/2 inch hanging indent. Most word processing so ware can automa cally do this for you when you format your paragraphs. Italicize major tles like journals, books, movies, DVDs, and so forth. Use quotes instead of italics for the tle of journal ar cles, book chapters, and web pages. MLA uses the word container to describe anything that is a part of a larger body of works. Examples of containers are a book with chapters wri en by different individuals, collec ons of short stories or poems, a television series, or even a website. Remember to cite the container a er your regular cita on. It is not recommended that students rely on entries generated by online and so ware cita on programs because they are o en not completely accurate. I can't find the example work cited I need. What should I do? When you cannot find the example work cited entry in the MLA Handbook, follow the example that is most like your source, and be consistent as possible. WorKs Cited Things to Remember Electronic Sources MLA does not require the h ps:// por on of a URL, only the www. address. If there is no then just use whatever is a er the h ps:// as your URL. Many databases, newspaper, and periodical websites include a permalink, which is a shortened, stable version of a URL to make it easy to find. Use this URL instead of what is listed in the browser address bar. Although it is not required, MLA encourages using the phrase, Accessed to show the date you viewed the web page. This is important to include because the web is constantly being updated, and informa on found when you did your research may not be available later on. Check with your professor to see if they would like this added to your cita on. Most online resources do not include page numbers. When quo ng or ci ng, if you can t find a page number, you can show the specific loca on within your resource by iden fying the paragraph number instead. Use par. or pars. to indicate paragraph numbers to replace the p. or pp. abbrevia ons. In general, use the following format: Author (if known). Title (of book chapter, webpage, ar cle). Title of the container, Other contributors (editors), Version (edi on), Number (Volume and/or number), Publisher, Publica on date, Loca on (page number(s) if given, and URL, DOI, or permalink). Websites Entire website Purdue University. The Purdue Online Writing Lab. owl.purdue.edu/owl/purdue_owl.html. Accessed 1 Nov Specific page on a website The Millennial Generation: Understanding & Engaging Today's Learners. Cornell University Center for Teaching Innovation, teaching.cornell.edu/resource/millennial-generation-understanding-engagingtodays-learners. Accessed 15 May,

3 Electronic books Electronic Sources (continued) If the book is not in a database or on the internet and you need to use so ware (like an e Reader) to access it, then you should include either e book or the type of e book as the Version. If you are reading it within a database or on the internet, you need to iden fy the database or website. Dessimoz, Christophe and Škunca, Nives, editors. The Gene Ontology Handbook. E-book, Humana Press, Accessed 1 Jan Chodorow, Stanley. Writing a Successful Research Paper: A Simple Approach. Kindle ed., Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. Gordon, Ian. Superman: The Persistence of an American Icon. Rutgers University Press, EBSCOhost, ezproxy.dacc-ad.nmsu.edu:2048/login?url= direct=true&db=nlebk&an= &site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 1 Dec Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. PF Collier & Son Company, Project Gutenberg. Accessed 31 May WorKs Cited Online periodical (journal, magazine, or newspaper) ar cles Online periodical cita ons include much of the same informa on required in the general cita on format. For academic or scholarly journals, there is usually an ar cle iden fier (known as a DOI) or a website. The Digital Object Iden fier (DOI) is a unique number that iden fies a par cular ar cle. Remember, some online ar cles also do not provide pages numbers. If your resource came from a database and doesn t have a DOI, locate the permanent URL and use that. I m missing informa on, like page numbers or author. What should I do? If the informa on needed is not provided, then leave it out of your cita on. If your ar cle is from a database, include the name of the database in italics and the DOI (if available) or permanent URL. If your ar cle is from a website, include the name of the website in italics and the URL. Lamontagne, J. R., and J. R. Stedinger. Generating Synthetic Streamflow Forecasts with Specified Precision. Journal of Water Resources Planning & Management, vol. 144, no. 4, Apr. 2018, pp EBSCOhost, doi: /(asce)wr Accessed 7 August Shell, Adam. More Millennials Have $100,000 Socked Away. USA Today, 23 Jan EBSCOhost, ezproxy.dacc-ad.nmsu.edu:2048/login?url= direct=true&db=a9h&an=j0e &site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed 22 Mar White, Ethan P., et al. The Combined Influence of the Local Environment and Regional Enrichment on Bird Species Richness. The American Naturalist, vol. 175, no. 2, 2010, pp. E35 E43. JSTOR, stable/ / Quackenbush, Casey. Human Activity Is Decimating Global Wildlife Populations, Says New WWF Report. TIME Magazine, 30 Oct. 2018, time.com/ /human-activity-wildlife-populations-wwf- 3

4 Electronic Sources (continued) Format examples for other common resources Blog post Adamczyk, Alicia. "To Be Happier at Work, Tell Yourself a Different Story." two cents, Lifehacker.com, 25 Aug. 2018, twocents.lifehacker.com/to-be-happier-at-work-tell-yourself-a-different-story Accessed 10 Oct Comment on website or ar cle Greeneguy. Comment on I Forgot Your Name, Bail Me Out. Lifehacker.com, 26 Oct. 2018, 1:25 p.m., lifehacker.com/i-forgot-your-name-bail-me-out Dic onary database Sinclair, Charles G. Jackfruit. Dictionary of Food: International Food and Cooking Terms From A to Z, 2nd ed., A&C Black Business Information and Development, EBSCOhost. Accessed 2 Jan Dic onary online "Credibility." Merriam-Webster. Accessed 13 Oct WorKs Cited E mail Black, Jack. Upcoming events at DACC. Received by Jane White, 2 Aug Encyclopedia database Brunvand, Jan Harold. "Comics and Urban Legends." Encyclopedia of Urban Legends, 2nd ed., ABC- CLIO, Credo Reference. Accessed 26 Oct Encyclopedia online "Education." Meyer, Adolphe Erich, et al. Encyclopædia Brittanica, 29 Aug. 2018, Encyclopædia Brittanica, Inc. Accessed 10 Sept Facebook post Doña Ana Community College Distinguished Alumni. Facebook, 6 Oct. 2018, 1:07 p.m., Accessed 6 October Image from the web Dixon, Karen. Organ Mountain Memory. Doña Ana Community College Photos, daccgallery/ /in/album /. Accessed 26 July Podcast Ritlop, Rachel, host. "Ancient Wisdom for the Modern Millennial with Shaman Durek." The Confused Millennial, episode 14, 4 June 2018, Accessed 1 Aug (DACC Library). Are you ready to invest? Twitter, 20 Oct. 2018, 12:30 p.m., twitter.com/ dacclib/status/ Video, like from YouTube, TED, Hulu, or Vimeo DACC East Mesa Campus Tour. YouTube, uploaded by Doña Ana Community College In Las Cruces, NM, 17 July 2018, Accessed 1 Oct

5 Books Print Sources Book cita ons use hanging indents where the first line of each entry is flush with the le margin, and second and subsequent lines are indented. Most word processing so ware can automa cally do this for you when you format your paragraphs. If the book has been reprinted, include the Edi on number followed by ed. before the Publisher. Single Author: Last name, First name. Title of the Book. Publisher, publica on date. Two Authors: First last name, First name, and Second author name with first name first. Title of the Book. Publisher, publica on date. Three or more Authors: First last name, First name, et al. Title of the Book. Publisher, publica on date. Works Cited Book O Lynn, Chad E. A Man s Guide to a Nursing Career. Springer, Kimmel, Stacey E., and Jennifer Heise. Virtual Reference Services: Issues and Trends. Haworth Information Press, Book Chapter, Essay, Story or Poem in a Book Hoag, Andy. Boot Camps can be an Effective Alternative to Prisons for Adults. Alternatives to Prisons, edited by Ronald D. Lankford, Greenhaven Press, Periodical (Journal or Magazine) Ar cles Basic cita on informa on here follows the same rules as for books. Publica on informa on should be taken directly from the journal or magazine. For magazines published regularly, give the complete date (beginning with the day and abbrevia on of the month, except May, June, and July). For the page numbers, use p. if only one page and pp. if there are mul ple pages, before the number. Author s Last name, First name. Title of Ar cle. Title of Journal, volume number, issue number, date of publica on, page number(s). Auld, M. Elaine. Health Education Careers in a Post Health Reform Era. Health Promotion Practice, vol. 18, no. 5, 2017, pp Campbell, Charlie. Koreas Unite for Olympics Talks. Time, vol. 191, no. 2, 22 Jan. 2018, p. 8. Newspaper Ar cles Newspaper ar cles are forma ed much like journal or magazine ar cles. Give the name of the newspaper as it appears on the masthead. If the city or state of publica on is not included in the name of a locally published newspaper, add the city/state in square brackets. Na onally published newspapers such as the Wall Street Journal do not need the city of publica on added. Author s Last name, First name. Title of Ar cle. Name of Newspaper [City or state of publica on, if needed], publica on date, edi on (if provided), page number(s). Gumprecht, Blake. City Considering Offering Financial Incentives to Film Producers. Las Cruces Sun-News [NM], 11 Sept. 2018, p. 1A+. Painter, Kim. Doctor Provides Insights on Kidney Ailment. USA Today, 16 May 2018, p. News sec., 2A. 5

6 Need More Help? Academic Readiness Center Websites Get help with basic writing skills and citations for any DACC subject: East Mesa Campus: DAAR RM 201, Espina Campus: DASH RM 116, MLA Formatting and Style Guide owl.purdue.edu/owl/ research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_overview_and_workshop.html The Basics of MLA Style, FAQ style.mla.org How to write an annotated bilbilography sites.umuc.edu/library/ libhow/bibliography_mla.cfm MLA Citation Guide columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/mla/welcome Citing Sources in MLA FORMAT (8th ed.) dtcclibrary/mla2016.pdf MLA Style Guide from WW Norton d1lexza0zk46za.cloudfront.net/composition/write/ documentationguidelines/pdf/documentation_guidelines_mla_2016.pdf If you find another online guide, make sure it is MLA 8 th Edition More Help Reference Book In-library Use (East Mesa & Espina) MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Eighth Edition, Ref LB 2369.G Locations: East Mesa, DAAR RM 203 Call East Mesa: Contact Us Espina, DALR RM 260 Call Espina: library@dacc.nmsu.edu Website: 6 Updated Oct 2018