U.S. Military Academy at West Point Department of History Style and Formatting Guide

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1 Revised 17 October 2017 U.S. Military Academy at West Point Department of History Style and Formatting Guide This is a reference guide for formatting Chicago style footnotes and the Bibliography or Works Cited in your history papers at West Point. Use this guide in conjunction with the Documentation of Academic Work and the Little, Brown Handbook. In case of conflicts, this guide takes precedence. SAMPLE CITATIONS Book (Print, Single Author) ² Dave R. Palmer, Summons of the Trumpet: A History of the Vietnam War from a Military Man's Viewpoint (New York, NY: Ballantine, 1984),. Footnote, subsequent consecutive reference to the same work with different page number: ³ Ibid., 4. Footnote, subsequent consecutive reference to the same work with same page number: Ibid. 7 Palmer, Summons of the Trumpet, 6. Palmer, Dave R. Summons of the Trumpet: A History of the Vietnam War from a Military Man's Viewpoint. New York, NY: Ballantine, Book (Print, Two, or Three Authors)

2 ² Barry E. Carter, Phillip R. Trimble, and Allen S. Weiner, International Law (New York, NY: Aspen Publishers, 2007), 7. ³ Carter, Trimble, and Allen, International Law, 9. Carter, Barry E., Phillip R. Trimble, and Allen S. Weiner. International Law. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers, Book (More Than Three Authors) ² Pauline Maier et al., Inventing America: A History of the United States, vol. 2, 2nd ed. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006), 07. Maier et al., Inventing America, 08. Maier, Pauline, Merritt R. Smith, Alexander Keyssar, and Daniel J. Kevles. Inventing America: A History of the United States. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Edited Volume ² Jean S. Pictet, ed., Commentary on Geneva Convention III: Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1960), 8. Pictet, ed., Commentary on Geneva Convention III, 10. Pictet, Jean S., ed. Commentary on Geneva Convention III: Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, Switzerland: International Committee of the Red Cross,

3 Chapter in an Edited Volume ² Andrew Ross, Components of Cultural Justice, in Law in the Domains of Culture, eds. Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, 1998), 203. Ross, Components of Cultural Justice, 207. Ross, Andrew. Components of Cultural Justice. In Law in the Domains of Culture, edited by Austin Sarat and Thomas R. Kearns, Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, Journal Article When a journal article is obtained via an online database but is a photographic copy of the original publication (usually in pdf format), it is not necessary to cite it as an online source. In this case, simply cite it by the original publication information according to the format below. ² Pierre-Étienne Will, The 1744 Annual Audits of Magistrate Activity and Their Fate, Late Imperial China 18, no. 2 (December 1997): 2. Will, The 1744 Annual Audits of Magistrate Activity and Their Fate," 40. Will, Pierre-Étienne. The 1744 Annual Audits of Magistrate Activity and Their Fate. Late Imperial China 18, no. 2 (December 1997): 1-0. Newspaper Article When a newspaper article is obtained via an online database but is a photographic copy of the original publication (usually in pdf format), it is not necessary to cite it as an online source. In this case, simply cite it by the original publication information according to the format below. 3

4 ² Thomas Erdbrink, Trying Unlikely Comeback, Ex-Iran President Strikes Chord with Public, New York Times, May 17, 2013, A9. Erdbrink, Trying Unlikely Comeback, A9. Erdbrink, Thomas. Trying Unlikely Comeback, Ex-Iran President Strikes Chord with Public. New York Times, May 17, 2013, A9. Magazine Article Website ² T. Trent Gegax and Evan Thomas, "The Family Business," Newsweek, June 20, 200, 24. Gegax and Thomas, "The Family Business," 26. Gegax, T. Trent and Evan Thomas. "The Family Business." Newsweek, June 20, 200, Note: Not all web sources are valid for scholarly research. Acceptable web sources include primary sources and scholarly secondary sources. A secondary source is scholarly if it follows at least the same standards of evidence as your paper (it must include footnotes or endnotes). Your instructor may give you additional guidance on web sources. It is not necessary to include non-durable URLs for web sources that were previously published and are merely photographically reproduced in a database (such as JSTOR). In these cases, cite only the original publisher. ² The ICRC since 194: the Geneva Conventions of 1949, International Committee of the Red Cross, March, 200, (accessed May 18, 2013). 4

5 The ICRC since 194: the Geneva Conventions of International Committee of the Red Cross. March, icrc-genevaconventions-revision-1949?opendocument (accessed May 18, 2013). Journal Article from Online Database (Not Copied in Original Format) When a journal article in an online database is not a photographic copy but merely text, it is necessary to provide the URL because page numbers will not match those in the original publication. In this case, include only the durable URL to the database, not the temporary URL that is specific to your login session. The temporary URL is not used because it holds no value for a scholar who may attempt to retrace your citation. Normally, durable URLs are much shorter than temporary URLs, whereas temporary URLs often require multiple lines of text. James E. Young, Between History and Memory: The Uncanny Voices of Historian and Survivor, History and Memory 9 (Fall 1997): 47, com/docview/ (accessed July 2, 2013). Young, James E. Between History and Memory: The Uncanny Voices of Historian and Survivor. History and Memory 9 (Fall 1997): docview/ (accessed July 2, 2013). Article Reprinted in USMA History Course Notebook ²Alexis de Tocqueville, How Mores Become More Gentle as Social Conditions Become More Equal, 1840," in HI 103 Course Notebook: History of the United States to 1877 (West Point, NY: Department of History, 1999), 166. Tocqueville, Alexis de. How Mores Become More Gentle as Social Conditions Become More Equal, In HI 103 Course Notebook: History of the United States to 1877, West Point, NY: Department of History, Article Reprinted in USMA History Course Reader ² Samuel Adams, "Natural Rights of the Colonists, 1772, in HI 10 Primary Document Reader: History of the United States (West Point, NY: Department of History, 2013), 13.

6 Adams, Samuel. "Natural Rights of the Colonists, In HI 10 Primary Document Reader: History of the United States. West Point, NY: Department of History, West Point History of Warfare (ibook edition) 1 Edward G. Lengel, The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves, in The West Point History of Warfare, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule, vol. 2, American Warfare to 1900, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson, ibook version (New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016), Lengel, The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves, 8. Lengel, Edward G. The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves. In The West Point History of Warfare. Edited by Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule, vol. 2, American Warfare to 1900, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson. ibook version New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, West Point History of Warfare (online edition) 1 Edward G. Lengel, The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson, in The West Point History of Warfare, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule (New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016), (accessed October 12, 2016). 3 Lengel, The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves, Lengel, Edward G. The Origins of the American Revolution and Opening Moves. 6

7 Translation Edited by Clifford J. Rogers and Samuel J. Watson. In The West Point History of Warfare, 12.11, edited by Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule. New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, (accessed October 12, 2016). ² August von Haxthausen, Studies on the Interior of Russia, ed. S. Frederick Starr, trans. Eleanore L. M. Schmidt (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1972), 97. Von Haxthausen, August. Studies on the Interior of Russia. Ed. S. Frederick Starr. Trans. Eleanore L.M. Schmidt. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, Quotation from Secondary Source ² Richard Overy, Why The Allies Won (New York: W.W. Norton, 1996), 318; quoted in Peter R. Mansoor, The G.I. Offensive in Europe: The Triumph of American Infantry Divisions, (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1999), 10. Mansoor, Peter R. The G.I. Offensive in Europe: The Triumph of American Infantry Divisions, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, Unpublished Thesis or Dissertation ² John Smith, Napoleon s Cavalry at Austerlitz (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1979), 28. Smith, John. Napoleon s Cavalry at Austerlitz. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, Congressional Record (Reports, Bills, or Resolutions) ² Conference Report on H.R. 4310, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013, 112th Cong., 2nd sess., Congressional Record 18 (December 18, 2012): H

8 Conference Report on H.R. 4310, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year th Cong., 2nd sess., Vol. 18, pt. 1. Congressional Record Washington, DC. Laws and Statutes ² National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013, H.R. 4310, Public Law 239, 112th Congress, 2nd sess. (January 2, 2013), 136. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year H.R. 4310, Public Law th Congress, 2nd sess. (January 2, 2013). Primary Source in a Multi-Volume Collection ² Document #7, Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy, dated March 14, 1961, in United States Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, , Vol. 7, Arms Control and Disarmament (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 199), 19. United States Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, Vol. 7, Arms Control and Disarmament. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 199. Primary Source from a Untitled Volume in a Multi-Volume Collection ² Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, December 4, 1788, in Julian P. Boyd, et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 42 vols. to date (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 198), 14:331. Boyd, Julian P., et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. 42 vols. to date. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,

9 Primary Source from Archive ² Department of State Memorandum of Conversation, Swiss protest concerning flight of American aircraft over Swiss territory, dated October 12, 1943, RG 9, Central Decimal File, , decimal /2, Box 732, U.S. National Archives at College Park, MD (hereafter NARA). U.S. National Archives at College Park, MD, Record Group 9. 9

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY/WORKS CITED GUIDANCE For history papers provide a list of sources at the end of the paper. Your instructor will tell you whether to provide a Bibliography or a Works Cited. A Bibliography includes all the sources that informed your paper whether cited or not. A Works Cited includes only works that you have actually cited in your footnotes. The list should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 12. Center the title WORKS CITED (or BIBLIOGRAPHY) two inches from the top of the page. Your sources should be listed in alphabetical order. If applicable, they should also be organized by primary and secondary sources and then alphabetically. Single-space each source, and double-space between sources. Subsequent lines for each source should be indented five spaces. Bibliography/Works Cited Example: Indent subsequent lines five spaces Center title 2" below top of page Single-space within sources Double-space between sources 10

11 GENERAL FORMAT GUIDANCE Narrative text should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 12, and double spaced. The paper title should not be repeated before the introduction, as it already appears on the title page. The 1.-inch margin on the left side of each page allows for the paper to be bound in the brown bomber without the binding encroaching on the text. General Format Example: Margins are 1." on the left, and 1" on the top, right, and bottom Last name and page number in the upper right corner through the list of sources No extra spaces between body paragraphs 11

12 FOOTNOTE GUIDANCE Create footnotes through MS Word by selecting "insert footnote" from the "References" tab. This will create a superscript number for you. In the text, the footnote number should appear at the end of the sentence after all punctuation. Consolidate all references in one sentence into one footnote and separate sources with a semi-colon. Footnotes should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 10. Single-space within each note, and double-space between notes. Footnote Example: Indent first line of notes five spaces Footnotes can be used to further provide context that is not appropriate to include in the paper body Use shortened format for repeated, nonconsecutive notes Ibid. is an abbreviation for ibidem, meaning "the same place," a reference to the preceding citation Double-space between notes Acronymize record locations that are used repeatedly Single-space within notes 12

13 TITLE PAGE GUIDANCE Title Page Example: Use spacing guide to ensure proper format The font is Times New Roman, size 12 Include original titles for original research papers Include a word count, if applicable. This does not include the title page, block quotations, footnotes, or list of sources 13