Cataloging Manual. University of Wisconsin System School of Library Education Consortium

Transcription

1 Cataloging Manual University of Wisconsin System School of Library Education Consortium Classification, broadly defined, is the act of organizing the universe of knowledge into some systematic order. It has been considered the most fundamental activity of the human mind. "Cataloguing and Classification: An Introduction" Lois Mai Chan Loretta Ann Veers 2011

2 Preface The following manual will provide a straightforward guide to introductory cataloging. Key components to cataloging are consistency and attention to detail. Throughout the manual there will be graphics to aid in understanding as well as resources to help deepen essential understanding of cataloging standards and rules. The manual will walk you through inputting information into a MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) record. This record has fields, sometimes also called tags (we will use fields) that are used to input information about an information package, the item(s) we are cataloging. MARC records make it possible for a user to search the catalog, find and locate their desired resources. The tone is more conversational, hopefully to ease any anxiety and concerns about the catalog process. For the purposes of this guide we will use one specific item in order for the reader to better grasp the process of building a bibliographic record for one item. This particular item does not require all of the possible fields and subfields, and therefore this is not an authoritative manual for comprehensive cataloging. This manual will cover the eight areas of description of the surrogate record as well as intellectual access through subject headings and classification using the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Table of Contents - Index Definitions. 3 Title of Responsibility Field 245/ Authorized Name Heading Field Contributors Field 7XX...7 Edition Information Field Material Specific Details Field Publication, Distribution, Etc. Field Physical Description Field Series Statement Field 490/ Notes Area Field 5XX 10 Standard Numbers Field 01X 09X Dewey Classification 13, 17, 18 Library of Congress Classification..14 Intellectual Access.14 Controlled vocabulary..14 Subject headings 14 Library of Congress...14 Sears Cutter Number Table Full sample MARC record Cataloging Resources

3 Definitions and Common Acronyms * Definitions courtesy of Allison Kaplan and Anne Riedling: Catalog It!, unless otherwise cited. Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR): designed for use in the construction of catalogues and other lists in general libraries of all sizes. The rules cover the description of, and the provision of access points for, all library materials commonly collected at the present time. Area: major section of the surrogate record, comprising data of a particular category or set of categories. Bibliographic Record: the organized description of an information package, regardless of form. Controlled Vocabulary: a list of terms authorized for indexing. Delimiter: In the MARC format, a symbol identifying the start of a subfield i.e. $. Field: A three digit code that is part of the MARC record relating to one area of description i.e. author s name, subject heading etc. (*see Tag) Fixed Field: a field containing a fixed amount of data in a specific format. Indicator: In MARC format, two spaces after the field number, either blank or numerical values, defines how the computer will deal with information in the subfields. International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD): International standard that defines the punctuation found in the surrogate record. International Standard Book Number (ISBN): either a 10- or 13- digit number unique to the published title. MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC): identifying codes are used to make the areas of description about an information package accessible and understandable to a computer. These are the records that are searched when a patron utilizes the digital library catalog. Surrogate Record: library databases are surrogate records, which means that intellectual and physical data has been taken from an information package and arranged according of AACR rules. Tag: a three-digit code identifying a line in the MARC format, also called a field. (*see Field) 3

4 Before we begin with building a MARC record, a fundamental understanding of a field with its basic structure and components in a visual format may be helpful. Diagram1: Indicators Subfields aaa bb $a / $b : $c Field# Delimiter Item for Consideration: The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy, authored by Gerda Lerner, 1993 AREA 1 There are eight areas of description in a MARC record. These areas encompass various three digit numbers and they are not numerically ordered. Jumping around here will benefit you as the main point is to understand the areas, not creating a record in numerical fashion. It is best when beginning a record to begin with the title and statement of responsibility. These are found in our first area, Area 1. In the first area, we have the fields 245 and 246, 1XX and 7XX fields. Area 245 and 246 are the title proper and statement of responsibility. The 245 field contains the title proper and individuals responsible for the intellectual content of the actual item, examples being author, illustrator, photographer editor etc. The 245 field cannot be repeated. Your source of information for the 245 field for a print item is the title page. Let s look at the information provided. Diagram 2: THE CREATION OF FEMINIST CONSCIOUSNESS From the Middle Ages To Eighteen-seventy GERDA LERNER OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK OXFORD 4

5 Our 245 field will have the title proper, subtitle and author s name. There are various subfields, however, for this item there will be a subfield $a for the title proper, subfield :$b for other or subtitle and a subfield /$c for the author s name. The field ends with a full stop. In this instance it is an ending period. Be aware of punctuation before and after subfields and at the end of the field. For our two indicators, we will have a 1 in the first position telling us that there will be information in the 1XX field.* The second position is used for filing purposes, 0-9. The second indicator will tell the computer how many places to skip before filing. Our title starts with the word THE and we know that we do not file using the word the, therefore we begin our filing with the word CREATION. We will tell the computer to skip four places before filing. The second indicator will be 4, three spaces for the word THE and one space for the blank. Here is our 245 field: $athe creation of feminist consciousness : $bfrom the Middle Ages to eighteen-seventy / $cgerda Lerner. Notice that the title is not capitalized, as would be proper in a grammar class. This is a throwback from the days of the manual typewriter. Capitalization took more time and therefore was eliminated for expediency sake. Our next field in this area in the 246 field. This field is for variances of the title. For example if our title was Feminism in Eighteen-Seventy, we might add a 246 field with the year numerically represented, as The 246 field may help in recovering the desired title by offering an alternative title. However, as is, our item s title would not differ substantially and as a rule of thumb, variances past five words, need not be recorded. *Referring back to our 245 field indicator it was stated that we would have a 1XX field. The 1XX field is a main access point with the author's personal name. In this field we must make sure that we are using an authorized name heading from the Library of Congress Authorities. The Authorities are located at When 5

6 developing subject headings, the same process will be used for searching for authorized headings. Here is how we go about finding the name authorities heading: Diagram 3: Diagram 4: 3. The 1XX entry will allow the user to find access to materials by author name. This field is not repeatable. If there is a joint author, their name will be placed in the 700 field with proper relator. Our first indicator will be coded 1 for the surname. This is the most common, however, there is also coding for forename entry. The second entry will be blank and this field ends in a full stop. The hyphen serves as final punctuation. 6

7 Here is the 100 field entry: 100 1_ $alerner, Gerda, $d1920- The 7XX field provides another point of access through the names of other contributors to the intellectual content. Here we might find joint author, illustrator, photographer, director and so forth. Since there are no other contributors to this item the 7XX fields need not be recorded and will be absent from the record. AREA 2 Continuing onto area 2 is the edition field, 250. This is the edition statement and we will find our necessary information on the title page and title page verso, the page on the back of the title page. Our item does not have any edition information on either page and so we will not record data into this field and it will be absent from the record. For knowledge sakes, let us suppose this book was a fourth edition. The 250 field would be recorded as follows: 250 $a4th ed. In this field indicators are blank, numbers are always numerically abbreviated and it ends in a full stop. AREA 3 The third area is for material specific details and pertain to non-print items only. This field does not apply to our item. AREA 4 In the fourth area, field 260, the Marc Diagram 5: record is used to display the publication, distribution, release information and so forth. To find this information, look at the book s title page and title page verso. The information from Lerner s title and title page verso is as follows: Obviously, to list all of these cities in a MARC record would be a nightmare. So, a few rules to remember: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright 1993 Record the first location given and/or the most prominently displayed 7

8 Since we are cataloging in the United States, we will record London and New York, if London were mentioned second, we would not record it For a city that is not easily recognizable, abbreviate the state name according to AACR Appendix B, B.14. A copy can be found at: For other countries, use the MARC Code List located at: for the approved abbreviations. City names are recorded in the $a subfield, publisher name in subfield $b and publication day in subfield $c. The 260 field for our item is: 260 $alondon ;$anew York :$boxford University Press, Inc.,$cc1993. Notice that both indicators are blank and the field ends in a full stop. Punctuation should be noted. If there is more than one subfield $a, separate by a semicolon. Use a colon before subfield $b and a comma before subfield $c. Incorporated has been abbreviated. Abbreviate the publisher s name into the shortest recognizable manner. Make note of the double c in the last field. The first c represents the subfield and the second refers to copyright date. Record the most recent date and if in doubt of a publication date, make an educated guess and place the date in brackets [ ]. This tells the viewer that this information maybe inaccurate. AREA 5 Get out your ruler! Area 5 is the area of physical description. Here the record will account for the size of the item, pages, running time, number of cassettes or disks. The first subfield $a is pagination. Our book begins with a page set numbered with Roman numerals, the last page of the set, xii will be recorded followed by a comma. The second set of pages ends with the last page of 395. The first component of the field, the indicators are blank and a p. will end the subfield. 300 $axii, 395 p. The 300 field is not finished yet. There will not be a subfield $b, since this field relates information about illustrations, which our item does not have. Subfield $c is the size of 8

9 the item recorded in centimeters. Only full measurements are entered, no decimal points or fractions. Our item is cm. Being that it is below.5, we record to the nearest centimeter, 20 cm. Subfield $c begins with a ;, there is a full stop at the end of the field. 300 $a xii, 395 p. ; $c 20 cm. AREA 6 Area 6 concerns the series statement. The rules governing this field changed in 2008, at which time MARC standards made the 440 field obsolete. Here is the field definition from the Library of Congress MARC Standards: Field 490 does not serve as a series added entry. When field 490 is used and a series added entry is desired, both the series statement (field 490) and a corresponding series added entry (fields ) are recorded in the bibliographic record. On the title page verso information regarding the series is located in two areas. Diagram 6: Lerner, Gerda, The creation of feminist consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventy Gerda Lerner. p. cm. (Women and history ; v. 2) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ISBN (pbk.) 1. Women History. 2. Feminist theory History. 3. Women intellectuals History. 4. Civilization, Western History. I. Title. II. Series: Lerner, Gerda, Women and history ; v. 2. HQ1121.L vol In our 490 field, we will have an indicator of 1. This indicator will require a corresponding 800 field entry in the bibliographic record to provide the series added entry. The second indicator is blank. Our first highlighted area will provide information for the 490 field. Here we see the series title and the volume number. The series title in subfield $a is followed by a space and semicolon and subfield $v is v. 2 as noted above. This field does not end in a full stop _ $awomen and history ;$vv. 2 9

10 The corresponding 800 field is added access with the author s authorized name heading. Within the authorities, utilize the title or name/title authority search. The search will yield the following result. Diagram 7: We will use the 800 field for the author s personal name with series title. The first indicator is 1 for surname entry and the second indicator is blank. Subfields are as follows: $a, author s authorized name, $d, corresponding dates, $t, series title and $v, volume number. Unlike the 490 field, this entry will end in a full stop _ $alerner, Gerda, $d1920- $twomen and history ; $vv. 2. AREA 7 Area 7 is comprised of the 5XX fields. This is an extensive area and includes areas for most notably the awards note, system requirements, study program notes, target audience and summary notes, bibliography and index and a general notes area. For our particular item we will need only three fields, 500, 504 and 520. The 504 field is the bibliography, index and other reference materials accompanying the item. Here you need to get into the item and look at its arrangement and its component contents. Gerda Lerner s book includes an extensive notes section, page 284 ending on page 330, a bibliography beginning on page 331, continuing to page 376. The remaining pages are the index. The Library of Congress has a MARC tutorial that is very helpful, you can access the tutorial at the following link: 10

11 The 500 field as stated by MARC Standards from the Library of Congress: Indicators undefined. Subfield used most often: $a -- General note (Used when no specialized note field has been defined for the information. Examples: Notes regarding the index; the source of the title; variations in title; descriptions of the nature, form, or scope of the item.) In our 500 field we can add to other points about our item. For example the notes section of the book and volume one of her series. Following the above format, here is the 500 field: 500 $anotable women: Christine de Pisan, Hrosvitha of Gandersheim, Mechthild of Magdeburg, Margery Kempe, Julian Norwich, Hildegard of Bingen, Joanna Southcott, Louise Labe, Mary Astell, Mary Wollstonecraft, Emily Dickinson, Margaret Cavendish (Duchess of Newcastle), Mary Lee (Lady Chudleigh), Marie le Jars de Gournay, Sor Juana de la Cruz, Elizabeth Elstob, Anna Luisa Karsch, Catherine Macaulay, Margaret Fuller, Angelina and Sarah Grimke, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Rachel Varnhagen von Ense, Frances Willard, Frances Wright (D Arusmont); Book contains extensive notes section, p The first volume of Lerner s series is The creation of patriarchy, Oxford University Press, For the purpose of field 504, the bibliography, index and resource field, both indicators are blank and there is one subfield, $a, ending in a full stop. We will specify the pages numbers in the entry and also make note of the index. Referencing these two items are extremely useful to those doing research. 504 $abibliography: p and index. In the 520 field is a summary area. The key to the summary area is to make the summary as concise as possible. Excellent resources for a summary would be the book jacket, summary statement on the back of the book and the table of contents. An ideal summary should contain the essential plot, theoretical underpinnings, argument or purpose. For the school environment, we will only be concerned with the first subfield $a. This field, in terms of the summary note, is more like a free form field. 11

12 520 $adocuments the twelve-hundred year struggle of women to free their minds from patriarchal thought. Our first indicator is blank and this will automatically generate the word summary and the second is blank, or undefined. Again, make note of the punctuation at the end. When a user does a search, they do not see the MARC field, but a translation. The user will see instead Summary: Documents the twelve-hundred year struggle of women to free their minds from patriarchal thought. AREA 8 This is the last area of description and includes the fields 01X 09X. Fields 01X 04x are the numbered and coded fields which supply information about standard numbers applied to the item. We will be using the 010, 020 and 040 fields. Field 010 in the Library of Congress Control Number and it is assigned by the LOC. The LCCN should never be assigned by a school librarian or altered. By searching the item in the Library of Congress online catalog, you can find the LCCN in the MARC record. This can be copied and pasted and subfield markers altered to fit our formatting. Make note that both indicators are blank and there is no ending punctuation. This the 010 field from the Library of Congress for our item: 010 a $a Continuing, we must input our next standard number, the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). This field is repeatable since many items have a 10-digit and a 13-digit ISBN and specifications for paperback version. The are three commonly used subfields, $a, ISBN#, $c, usually item price, and $z, cancelled or invalid ISBN. For our item we will only use subfield $a. The indicators are blank, it does not end in a full stop and we will specify the paperback ISBN. 020 $aa (pbk.) Information about the cataloging source and modifications to the MARC record will be entered in the 040 field. There are three subfields in this field $a, the original cataloging agency, $c, transcribing agency and $d, modifying agency. The most common $a is 12

13 DLC, referring to the Library of Congress. In addition we will employ the subfield $d for modifying agency. In subfield $a, both indicators are blank, there is no punctuation between subfield, and we will use DLC. 040 $adlc $dlav So are you wondering what $d means? In $d, the modifying agency, it proves helpful to, in the school library environment, to enter the initials of the person who modified the record. In this case, these are my initials as the modifier of the record. The classification and call number fields, fields 05X 08X will include the two most common, the Library of Congress Classification Number (LCCN), 050 and the Dewey classification number, 082. We can again go to the MARC record for our item in the Library of Congress online catalog to obtain the LOC classification number a HQ1121 b.l vol $ahq1121 $b.l vol. 2 The first indicator 0, refers to the item being in the Library of Congress, the second indicator 0, tells us the number was assigned by the Library of Congress. Note, there is no closing punctuation. The field 082 will receive more attention later on in the manual as it will discuss building a number and determining the Cutter number. Field 082 is the entry point for the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) number. The LOC and Dewey classification numbers are different. These numbers are not interchangeable, do not be tempted to use the Library of Congress number to identify the item. The DDC can be found on the title page verso. If you refer back to Diagram 6, you should be able to locate the LCCN below the series statement and below that is the Library of Congress recommended DDC number. Using the Dewey Classification Abridged 14 th Edition, I had created this number before looking at the LOC recommendation. Therefore, the 082 field has the following components, the first indicator will be 1, signifying that the abridged version was used. The second indicator will be 4, that an agency, this library, other than the LC has assigned the number. If you use the LOC recommended number without going through the DDC number building process, the indicators will be 0 0. There will be further explanation of field 082 in the intellectual component of the manual. 13

14 $a $bl $214 Subfield $a is our DDC number and subfield $2 specifies that the number was built using the Dewey Decimal Classification Abridged Edition 14. In subfield $b this what is referred to as a Cutter number. Cutter numbers help to further distinguish books that may fall under the same DDC number. The L is in reference to the author, Lerner. How cutters are determined will be explained in the intellectual access portion of the manual. This aforementioned information is not complete for cataloging of all materials and is specific only to our item under consideration. The next section will explain the intellectual access to the items. Intellectual access to this MARC record is found in the 6XX field and the Dewey classification, in the 082 field. When the user searches the catalog for a subject, the 650 and 651 fields will allow them access to the resource through what is called controlled vocabulary. Controlled vocabulary allows a user to locate materials by ensuring that all similar materials have been assigned the same subject headings. (Kaplan p.42) For example, I want a book about gardening and more specifically, rock gardening. If I do a search for rock gardening, I will get no results. Why? Rock gardening is not an authorized heading for this topic, however, rock gardens is. So, no matter what library I go to and which ever catalog is searched, the use of controlled vocabulary will guarantee accurate, consistent results. Libraries need controlled vocabulary to ensure the integrity of catalog searches and access to materials. Again, we will search for our subject headings by using the LOC Authorities authorized headings. Diagram 8: As we can see in Diagram 8, Feminism History is an authorized subject heading by Library of Congress standards. It can be a frustrating process as you try term and terms and cannot get an authorized heading. Be persistent and use all the resources at your disposal, for example the title page verso in the item. The Library of Congress provides free access to all of their subject headings and authority records. 14

15 The other source of subject headings is the Sears list. The Sears list was developed specifically for smaller collections and the school environment. The Sears headings are based more so on vernacular language versus the more academic language found in the Library of Congress. Whereas the LOC headings are authoritative, the Sears subject headings, more useful in the school library environment, and allows for adaptation to suit your library user or the student researcher. To access the Sears database, go to: and choose Library Card/Barcode, entered your library card barcode and you are in. This database can also be frustrating. It is opposite of the LOC. Sears is more general in its approach and allows the librarian to subdivide as the database instructs. This is where front matter comes into play. Front matter is the information at the beginning, such as the beginning to the editions of the Sears Subject Heading List. In the front matter you will be told how to create subject headings. When the database is searched for women, the following results: 1. Women. 8. Women/History 9. Women/Identity The first result is rather generic. According to the heading, women may be geographically subdivided. That is great since our book is about European and American women from the Middle Ages to However, further instructions in the front matter says that we cannot chronologically subdivide the geographic subdivision. The following entry #8, looks promising, Women/History. It cannot be subdivided, but we can add more subject headings to cover our key topics. The entry at #9, is interesting. Is creating a new consciousness, identity? Yes! We ll take it. Alright, let us look at Feminism in Sears. The subject heading Feminism is successful and it says we may subdivide geographically. Looking at the women mentioned in the book summary, Hildegard von Bingen, Julian of Norwich, Christine de Pisan, Emily Dickinson, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, we see a clear focus on Europe and America. We can subdivide to Europe and United States. 15

16 Information from our topical subject headings search will be entered in the 650 field. If we had a clear geographic heading, it would be entered in the 651 field. Data entered in the 650 field is either an authorized subject heading from the Library of Congress or the Sears subject headings. Do not enter what you think would be suitable, remember, controlled vocabulary. The 650 field is repeatable and you can enter as many subject headings as necessary to thoroughly cover the topics of the item. First, the 650 entry for a LOC subject heading: 650 _0 $afeminism $xhistory. The first indicator is blank meaning that no information is provided about the level of subject. The second indicator is important since it tells us that this is a LOC subject heading. Subfield $a is the topical entry element, and the subfield $x is a general subdivision, history. If the subdivision, history, were more specific, for example, the Industrial Age, a subfield $y would be used. Be sure to check subfield codes at This field ends in a full stop. Looking at the title page verso, there is also a subject heading for women intellectuals, not one I thought of, but very useful. I have checked the Authorities and it is an authorized heading. 650 _0 $awomen intellectuals $xhistory. Entry for Sears subject headings is slightly different. The first indicator is still undefined and the second indicator will be 7, signifying that the source of the subject heading will be entered in $2, which will be the Sears database. 650 _7 $awomen $xhistory $2sears. 650 _7 $afeminism $zunited States $2sears. 650 _7 $afeminism $zeuope $2sears. 650 _7 $aintellectual life $xwomen $2sears. Finally, in-depth, but not too deep, Dewey classification. The Dewey Classification system is based upon a hierarchical structure. Building a Dewey classification number begins with a broad category and moves to more specific and unique characteristics of the item. Our item under consideration can be viewed from two perspectives in the summaries, found on page 177 of the Dewey 14th Abridged Edition. We can either 16

17 begin with the 300s, the Social sciences or the 900s, History and geography. Look through the second and third summaries. Nothing quite fits, no mention of feminism in any of the summaries. Next, or this could be your beginning step, go to the relative index on page 821. We had a subject heading of feminism -- history, now find feminism in the relative index. Here we find it on page 894 and it directs us to This number will be found in the Schedules, which begin on page 189. Using the numbers in the upper corners, find the page with This will take you to page 310. The very first entry is , which states use this classification for: Social role and status of women Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading Class here discrimination against women, feminism, women's movements Clearly, this is what we are looking for in our classification. The DDC for our item is There is no doubt that there are other books about feminism, so to distinguish the books without looking at individual titles, the Cutter system was devised by Charles Ammi Cutter. From Diagram 9 the cutter number is created. Diagram 9: Courtesy of

18 The cutter begins with the first letter of the author s last name, L. From the table it says, after initial consonants, for the second letter, which is an e, we use 4. Further expansion, r, is 7 and one more just to be sure, n, 6. The cutter is then L476. The cutter is added into $b with the addition of the year of publication $a $bl $214 Note subfield $2. The entry of 14 signals the edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification manual used. The number came from the 14 th Abridged Edition. Upon completion here is the full MARC record: 010 $a $aa (pbk.) 040 $adlc $dlav $ahq1121 $b.l vol $a $bl $ _ $alerner, Gerda, $d $athe creation of feminist consciousness : $bfrom the Middle Ages to eighteen-seventy / $cgerda Lerner. 18

19 250 $a4th ed. 260 $alondon ;$anew York :$boxford University Press, Inc.,$cc $a xii, 395 p. ; $c 20 cm _ $awomen and history ;$vv $abook contains extensive notes section, p The first volume of Lerner s series is The creation of patriarchy, Oxford University Press, Notable women: Christine de Pisan, Hrosvitha of Gandersheim, Mechthild of Magdeburg, Margery Kempe, Julian Norwich, Hildegard of Bingen, Joanna Southcott, Louise Labe, Mary Astell, Mary Wollstonecraft, Emily Dickinson, Margaret Cavendish (Duchess of Newcastle), Mary Lee (Lady Chudleigh), Marie le Jars de Gournay, Sor Juana de la Cruz, Elizabeth Elstob, Anna Luisa Karsch, Catherine Macaulay, Margaret Fuller, Angelina and Sarah Grimke, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Rachel Varnhagen von Ense, Frances Willard, Frances Wright (D Arusmont); 504 $abibliography: p and index. 520 $adocuments the twelve-hundred year struggle of women to free their minds from patriarchal thought. 650 _0 $afeminism $xhistory. 650 _0 $awomen intellectuals $xhistory. 650 _7 $awomen $xhistory $2sears. 650 _7 $afeminism $zunited States $2sears. 650 _7 $afeminism $zeuope $2sears. 650 _7 $aintellectual life $xwomen $2sears _ $alerner, Gerda, $d1920- $twomen and history ; $vv. 2. This is a complete MARC record for the item, The Creation of Feminist Consciousness by Gerda Lerner. This manual has hopefully provided a basic understanding and structure for finding subject headings, creating a Dewey classification, and completing a MARC record to standard. Included at the end are additional resources to help guide the cataloging process, meet MARC standards and find help when necessary. 19

20 Resources MARC Resources MARC Resources Follett Software Software K-12 Learning Management Systems. Follett Software, n.d. Web. 11 Aug < "AACR2." AACR2. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Aug < Description of AACR taken from here for definitions page. Caudle, Dana. "List of Marc Tags." Auburn University Library. N.p., 9 Aug Web. 7 Aug < Be aware some rules have changed and this source should be clarified with the LOC MARC. "Creating an original bibliographic record - Cataloging Manual - Arizona State Museum Library." Home - Arizona State Museum - The University of Arizona. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Aug < ml#bibfieldtable>. Kaplan, Allison G., and Ann Marlow Riedling. Catalog it!: a guide to cataloging school library materials. 2nd ed. Worthington, Ohio: Linworth Pub., Print. "Library of Congress Authorities (Search for Name, Subject, Title and Name/Title)." Library of Congress Authorities (Search for Name, Subject, Title and Name/Title). N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Aug < "MARC STANDARDS (Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress)." Library of Congress Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Aug < 20