75 Incunables. from the. Shapero Rare Books

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1 75 Incunables from the Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica Shapero Rare Books

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3 75 Incunables from the Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica (original size) Shapero Rare Books

4 Introduction Shapero Rare Books are proud to offer in this catalogue one of the best selections of incunabula in recent times. The books come from the renowned Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica (BPH). This unparalleled collection was carefully assembled over the past 40 years by Dr. Joost R. Ritman. An important theme was the study of a component of Renaissance culture: the revival of Antiquity and Platonism in their relationship to Christianity. This meant taking also into consideration pre-platonic authors, such as Hermes, the Father of theology, fundamental works of the Church fathers like Augustine and Origen, and contemporary late 15th-century writings, due mainly to Italian humanists. That would also need to involve authors of the Renaissance of the 12th century and Church reformists preceding Luther. Another guiding principle of Dr. Ritman s collection was to gather a coherent corpus of printed texts in the earliest and most important editions, in the finest possible examples. Hence the remarkable quantity of first editions offered in this catalogue. The impressive array of provenances adorning them. The overwhelming majority of complete copies, often in contemporary bindings, illuminated, hand-coloured. Also, from a bibliophilic perspective, the superb union of firsts : represented here is the first book printed in Augsburg; the first dated book printed in Lübeck; the first book printed by Johann Schüssler; the first by Johann Bämler; productions of the first printers of Paris (and indeed France), Nuremberg, Cologne, Zwolle, Ghent, Haarlem Some editions are also astonishing for their rarity: the BPH copy is sometimes one of a handful known; issued from a press which published only six or eight works. Exceptional highlights include an illuminated example of the 1459 Durandus the fourth printed book, Caxton s illustrated Myrroure, the 1470 Flavius Josephus illuminated and in contemporary binding, Schedel s coloured copy of Bergamo s De claris mulieribus, Oronce Finé s copy of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili and the best example of the Argonautika, printed on vellum with illuminations. The jewel in the crown, however, may be the best production of Gutenberg s celebrated workman, Peter Schöffer: a fresh example, in a contemporary binding, of the 48-line Bible printed in 1462, the first one to bear a date. As an important research library, the BPH accumulated large holdings of material spanning the centuries. Most of this remains intact at the library in Amsterdam. That which is manifested; that which has been or shall be, is unmanifested, but not dead; for soul, the eternal activity of God, animates all things. Bernard Shapero and Pierre-Yves Guillemet The following books are broadly presented in chronological order. They are 75 items not exactly 75 incunables, as some editions are made of several volumes, or bound together (under the same item). All copies bear the bookplate of the Bibliotheca, as shown in the descriptions, which also mentions their number in the BPH collection. All books bearing a number up to 192 were described by Margaret Ford in the BPH publication Christ, Plato, Hermes Trismegistus. The Dawn of Printing, Amsterdam, 1990 from which we borrowed quotations. We have limited our bibliographic references, because most of them are available online using the number of the Incunable Short Title Catalogue (ISTC), which is an amazing tool.

5 Index of cities and printers Short-title index AUGSBURG Bämler 7 Schüssler 6, 11, 12 Sorg 20 G. Zainer 4 BASEL Amerbach 55, 67 Amerbach & Langendorff 45, 46 Furter 66 Wenssler & Richel 24 Wolff 41 BOLOGNA Hectoris 65 COLOGNE Bumgart 62 Koelhoff of Lübeck 29 Zell 5, 40 FERRARA Laurentius de Rebeis 69 FLORENCE Alopa 35, 63 Miscomini 31, 48, 53 Libri 47, 75 Morgiani & Petri 56 GHENT Keysere 37 GOUDA Leeu 28 HAARLEM Bellaert 36 LÜBECK Brandis 19 Ghotan, for Wadstena Monastery 54 LYONS Suigus & Benedictus 68 MAINZ Fust & Schoeffer 1, 2, 3 MILAN Antonius & Honate 26 NUREMBERG Koberger 14, 22, 32, 60 Sensenschmidt & Kefer 13 PARIS Bocard (for Petit) 74 Gering, Crantz & Friburger 18 Martineau & Caillaut 34 Mittelhus 57 ROME Herolt 27 SALAMANCA Porras 70 SPEYER Drach 33 STRASSBURG Eggestein 8, 16 Flach 50 Husner 38 TREVISO Lisa 10 ULM J. Zainer 42 UTRECHT Ketelaer & Leempt 15 Veldener 23 VENICE Butricis 51 Choris & Luere (for Torresanus) 52 Colonia & Manthen 21 Jenson 9 Manutius 61, 64, 71, 72, 73 Pietro 17 Ratdolt 30 Sancto Ursio 43, 44 Spira for Lucantonio Giunta 59 Tacuinus, Tridino & Mediolano de Gorgonzola 58 WESTMINSTER Caxton 49 ZWOLLE Vollenhoe 25 ALANUS DE INSULIS. De maximis theologiae, not after ALEXANDER DE VILLA DEI. Doctrinale, AMBROSIUS, Hexameron, AMBROSIUS. Expositio in envangelium Lucae, ANGELUS. Astrolabium, APOLLONIUS RHODIUS. Argonautika, APULEIUS, HERMES and ALBINUS. Opera, Asclepius, Epitoma, , 44 ARISTOPHANES. Komodiai ennea, AUGUSTINUS. De civitate dei, AUGUSTINUS. De civitate dei, AUGUSTINUS. Explanatio psalmorum, AUGUSTINUS [pseudo-] and BERNARDUS CLARAV. Meditationes and other works, BEDA. Historia ecclesiastica, not after BERGAMO. De claris mulieribus, BERNARDUS CLARAVALLENSIS. De consideratione, BERNARDUS CLARAVALLENSIS. Meditationes, ca.1484/ BERTHOLDUS. Horologium devotionis, not after Biblia germanica, Biblia latina, BIRGITTA OF SWEDEN. Revelationes, BOETHIUS. De consolatione philosophiae, BOETHIUS. De consolatione philosophiae, BOETHIUS. De consolatione philosophiae, BONAVENTURA [pseudo-]. Meditationes vitae Christi, BONAVENTURA [pseudo-]. Sermones de tempore, BONAVENTURA [pseudo-].. Speculum vite Cristi, ca BONAVENTURA [pseudo-]. Stimulus amoris, BONIFACIUS VIII. Liber sextus decretalium, BONIFACIUS VIII. Liber Sextus Decretalium, ca BRUTUS. Corona aurea de anima, CASSIODORUS. Historia ecclesiastica tripartite, COLUMNA. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, DE CLUSA and others. Tractatus de apparitionibus, Visio Tundali, and others, DE PISIS. Pantheologia Defensorium fidei and other works, ca DURANDUS. Rationale divinorum officiorum, FICINUS. De triplici vita, FICINUS. Platonica theologia, FIRMICUS MATERNUS, ARATUS and others. De nativitatibus, Phaenomena and others, GERARDUS ZERBOLD DE ZUTPHANIA. De reformatione, GERARDUS ZERBOLD DE ZUTPHANIA. De spiritualibus ascensionibus, ca GERARDUS ZERBOLD DE ZUTPHANIA and AUGUSTA. De spiritualibus ascensionibus. De exterioris, not after GERSON. Alphabetum divini amoris and other works, [Gloria mulierum and Parole]. Ordine del bem viver, GREGORIUS I. Commentum super Cantica canticorum, Homiliae super Ezechielem, Dialogorum and Pastorale GREGORIUS I. Omelien in duutschen, HENRICUS DE HERP[F]. Sermones de tempore, after HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. De potestate, HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. De potestate, HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. De potestate, HUGO DE Sto VICTORE. De sacramentis christianae fidei, Illustrium virorum opuscula, JAMBLICHUS and others. De mysteriis Aegypt., and others, JOSEPHUS. De antiquitate Judaica, KEMPIS. De vita et beneficiis Jesu Christi, not after KEMPIS and GERSON. Imitatio Christi, De imitatione cordis, LACTANTIUS. Opera, LUDOLPHUS DE SAXONIA. Vita Christi, LUDOLPHUS DE SAXONIA. Vita Christi, MYTHOGRAPHUS. Poeticon astronomicon, NEBRISSENSIS. Vafre dicta philosophorum, ca NIDER. Die vierundzwanzig goldenen Harfen, not after ORIGENES. Contra Celsum, ORPHEUS. Argonautika, OTTO VON PASSAU. Die vierundzwanzig Alten, PANCIERA DA PRATO. Trattati, PETRARCA. Opera Latina, PICUS DE MIRANDULA. Apologia, PICUS DE MIRANDULA. Heptaplus, not after PICUS DE MIRANDULA. Opera, [ PICUS DE MIRANDULA. Opera, not after PLATO. Opera, PLATO and FICINUS. Opera, Platonica theologia, PLOTINUS. Opera, Rudimentum Novitiorum, Sermones Sensati, THEOCRITUS, HESIOD and others. Eidullia. Theogonia, and others, ZAMORENSIS. Speculum Vitae Humanae, NAPLES Tuppo 39 8 Shapero Rare Books Shapero Rare Books 9

6 A beautiful production of gutenberg s bankruptors the Parmentier-Doheny copy, illuminated 1 DURANDUS, Guillelmus. Rationale divinorum officiorum. Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, Mainz, 6 October First edition of the first substantial writing by a known and named author to be published. The fourth printed book of significance, the third with a full date. One of only three copies known in private hands and one of ten only illuminated by the fust master. Printed on vellum. Printed by Peter Schoeffer (ca ), Gutenberg s most talented collaborator. Johannes Fust was the financial backer of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing. He gained possession of the printing equipment in a lawsuit [...] in which Schoeffer is named as a witness on Fust s side. While there is no book known naming Gutenberg before or after the break, Fust and Schoeffer continued in partnership until Fust s death in 1466 when Schoeffer, having married Fust s daughter, took over the printing shop alone (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Only two other precisely dated books, containing Psalters and also published by Fust and Schoeffer, precede Durandus work which is the first substantial writing by a known and named author to be published. However, its production was started before the press finished their Bursfeld Psalter of 29 August Together with the Liturgical Psalter of 14 August 1457 they are the only signed and dated editions in the first decade of printing. The small text type in Rationale represents the first use of this fount, which later reoccurs in various states (and leaded in the Mainz Ciceros); the colophon type is the first manifestation of the so-called 1462 Bible fount. The Rationale was printed almost exclusively on vellum (only one paper copy appears to exist at Munich) and copies were sold in two distinct forms: some with printed initials in red or blue, belonging to the stock of the Psalters; or, as in this copy, with blank spaces for illuminated initials. At four of these places (including the preserved 140r and 154v of this copy), lines of type were reset to create a larger initial-space. No two copies are therefore alike depending on the presence or absence of printed chapter initials, paragraph marks and rubricated elements. Most surviving copies intended for illumination are by the Fust Master, who probably worked at the Fust and Schoeffer printing shop. He was also responsible for illuminating some of the late copies of the 42-line Gutenberg Bible, as well as other works such as Pope Boniface s 1465 Liber sextus also included in the present catalogue. Guillaume Durand was one of the most important medieval liturgical writers and one of the principal canonists of his day. Born about 1237, in the Diocese of Béziers, Provence; he died at Rome in This compendium on the mystical origins and meaning of the liturgies is his most influential work. Written in 1286 its eight books contain a detailed account of the laws ceremonies, customs, and mystical interpretation of the Roman Rite. Of great rarity: only two other copies in private hands are known, one of which is not illuminated. Not in H.P. Kraus catalogue The Cradle of Printing part I and II. Provenance: Parmentier Collection; Estelle Doheny (gilt red morocco label, purchased from Rosenbach in 1946; sale, Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 3); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #78, acquired from Tenschert, 1989). Folio (41 x 29.6 cm). 156 leaves (of 160, without 1, 14 (2/4), 20 (2/10), 27 (3/7) ), 63 lines, double column, gothic type, 3-line Lombard chapter initials printed in red, rubric headings and occasional paragraph-marks printed in red, rubricated and illuminated; four 8-line initials (68r, 82r, 140r, 154v) illuminated in colours and liquid gold with elaborate floral and vegetal borders by the Fust Master of Mainz, chapter initials heightened with purple penwork, unprinted chapter initials supplied by the rubricator mostly in blue, paragraph-marks (when not printed) are rubricated in alternating red and blue; lacking leaves all supplied in facsimile on vellum with appropriate illumination which is flaking on leaf 1, the colophon on leaf 160 heavily deleted with photofacsimile mounted below, first illuminated initial with some flaking, border of initial on leaf 154v partially smudged with brown ink, marginal stains on leaf 2, top edge a bit short just shaving the tops of the illuminated initials. Twentieth-century full russet crushed morocco blindstamped in antique style, by Riviere & Son, edges plain; a bit rubbed. HR 6471; BMC I, 20; Goff D-403; ISTC id ; on the illuminator see E. König, Für Johannes Fust, Festgabe Corsten, pp Shapero Rare Books

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8 The fourth edition of the Latin bible, the first dated bible A beautiful example produced by Fust & Schoeffer 2 Biblia latina. Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, Mainz, 14 August A beautiful copy, in contemporary binding, of the rare paper version of perhaps the finest of all the early Bibles (Fine Books, p.57). The fourth edition of the Vulgate Bible. The compositors set the text from a copy of the Gutenberg Bible. Appearing barely ten years after the invention of printing with movable type, the Bible of 1462 is the fourth edition of the Latin Bible, preceded only by the 42- line Gutenberg Bible, the 36-line Pfister Bible (Bamberg) and the 49-line Mentelin Bible (Strasbourg). This striking work is one of Fust and Schoeffer s greatest achievements, it is the first book to bear the names of its printers, and the place and date of its completion. The volumes were printed by Peter Schoeffer, Gutenberg s most talented collaborator. After the bankruptcy of Gutenberg s firm, Schoeffer concluded a partnership with Fust, whose financial support paved the way for his career as one of the best and most successful printers of the incunable age. Fust and Schoeffer signed their publications with a woodcut device printed in red: two linked shields hanging on a branch. This is the first printer s mark ever used. The 1462 Bible has a longer tradition of collecting by connoisseurs as a masterwork of early printing than almost any other incunable. The 1462 Bible is one of the few incunables to contain printing in three colors. [...] The painstaking technique of simultaneous three-color printing was introduced in the Fust-Schoeffer Psalter of 1457 and rarely repeated (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Like the Gutenberg Bible, the 1462 bible was printed and issued both on vellum and on paper - but in its case the paper issue was less numerous than the vellum. Printing-house production of the bible was very complex. Six gatherings are found in either of two distinct settings. The present copy, like the majority of paper copies, has setting B of all these pages. This includes the third setting of the colophon on II 239r, that is, the transcription corresponding to GW s note 2, without the one-line explicit to the Apocalypse. The first leaf of volume II also occurs in two settings, of which this copy, like most on paper, has setting B, with the corrected reading turbarum instead of tubarum at line b36. Although ISTC lists around hundred copies worldwide, half of these, however, are a single volume only, or imperfect (in large part only fragments or single leaves). While single leaves of the 48-line bible appear quite frequently on the market, complete copies are very rare, and becoming more so: we could trace only five copies selling at auction in the last 35 years, the most recent being the Longleat copy, sold in Provenance: Stiftsbibliothek in Klosterneuburg near Vienna (inked note by its librarian, Dr V.O. Ludwig, dated 1919, recording the gift from the Bishop of Linz, Gregor Thomas Ziegler, ); Martin Bodmer (pencilled shelfmarks and catalogue card); H.P. Kraus ( The Cradle of Printing part II, catalogue 131, 1971, #7); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #39, acquired from Kraus, 1988). Two volumes royal folio (39.7 x 29.5 cm). 481 ( ) leaves, double-column, 48 lines, 2-line incipit, explicit, book incipits and explicits, psalm tituli, many chapter initials (h, p, r, u) and numbers all printed in red, other chapter numbers and initials printed in blue and some in blind, 7-line colophon and woodcut printer s device at end of vol. 2 printed in red, rubricated throughout: initial-strokes and headlines in red, two-line capitals and chapter numbers in red and occasionally blue, prologue five-line initials and seven-line book initials, some with penwork decoration, supplied in red, full floral and leafy vine border in penwork incorporating initial to the first leaf, intended for illumination not supplied; scattered textual emendations supplied by an early hand, a few minute wormholes in vol. 1, light marginal soiling, occasional marginal tears expertly restored, final leaf reattached. Presumably an Ulm binding of contemporary calf over bevelled wooden boards blindstamped with wide border and intersecting diagonals tooled to all-over hatched diaper pattern, single stamps of feathery quatrefoil, maria, rosette, fleur-de-lys and stag, five raised bands, brass corner guards, two brass and leather fore-edge clasps to each volume, original paper endleaves of northern Italian paper, 15th-c. vellum pastedowns recording legal transactions at Ulm; rebacked and restored, vol. 1 with later clasps; kept in modern morocco-backed clamshell cases. 14 Shapero Rare Books

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10 Of great rarity and illuminated by the Fust Master 3 BONIFACIUS VIII, Pope [Benedetto GAETANO] and Johannes ANDREAE. Liber sextus decretalium. Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, Mainz, 17 December First edition of the first work of cannon law to be printed, and one of the first two books with commentary surrounding the text. The Dyson Perrins-Rattey copy illuminated by the Fust master. Printed on vellum. Very rare: we could not trace any copy or fragment of more than three leaves at auction in the last 35 years. Not in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, which owns all Fust & Schoeffer productions except the 1457 Psalter. Not in H.P. Kraus catalogue The Cradle of Printing part I and II. A complete illuminated copy was offered by Joseph Baer & Co. in 1910 for 20,000 marks, more than four times the price of a coloured tadellos sauber Rudimentum novitiorum. The 1298 Liber sextus was the second supplement to the Decretum of Gratian, the first being the five Decretales commissioned in 1230 by Gregory IX. However, editions of the Decretum and Decretales were not printed until the early 1470s, by Schoeffer and by Eggestein in Strassburg. But as an indispensable ingredient of medieval canon law the text had become so essential during the second half of the 15th century that some 58 editions were printed by the year It is here published with the standard gloss of the period, due to Johannes Andreae Mugellanus (c ). Like the Munich copy, the beginning of the text was illuminated by the Fust Master, an anonymous Mainz artist who supplied illuminations of high quality to two copies of the Gutenberg Bible, and to various copies of Fust and Schoeffer s early editions, such as the BPH copy of the 1459 Durandus. All except two surviving copies of the 1465 Boniface were printed on vellum. There is a paper copy in Trier, and another in the Rylands Library, the latter, as Dr Hellinga has shown, being a collection of proof sheets. The present copy includes the full text of books I-IV of the Liber sextus decretalium. Provenance: Obliterated library stamp on first leaf; George Reid, 1897 (dated inscription on last leaf); J. Rosenthal, Munich (photocopy from Katalog 7 loosely inserted); Charles William Dyson Perrins ( , booklabel, sale Sotheby s, 10 March 1947, lot 580); Maggs (extract from sale catalogue pasted at front); Clifford Rattey (booklabel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #59, acquired from Tenschert, 1989). Folio (39.8 x 27.5 cm). 100 leaves (of 142), double column, 70 lines of commentary, red-printed headings, the major initial [2/1r] illuminated in green on a pink ground with head- and tail-pieces, 2- to 4- line initials in red and blue, rubricated with paragraph-marks in red and blue; early ms headlines and annotations, often trimmed, lacking first ([a]4) and four final quires ([m8 n-p10]) with Andreae s Super arboribus consanguinitatis et affinitatis and chapters V-VI. Twentieth-century antiqued vellum with dark red morocco labels lettered in gilt. HC*3586; GW 4848; BMC I, 23; Goff B-976; ISTC ib ; Van Praet, Vélins du roi II, 9; Joseph Baer & Co, Incunabula xylographica et typographica Suppl. sec., Lagerkatalog 585iii, 838 (with fold. ill.); Hellinga, The Rylands incunabula: an international perspective, Bulletin du bibliophile I, 1989, p Shapero Rare Books

11 The first book printed in Augsburg - illuminated 4 BONAVENTURA [pseudo-]. Meditationes vitae Christi. Günther Zainer, Augsburg, 12 March [14]68. First edition of this important devotional text, and the first book printed in Augsburg: a fine copy with a beautifully executed illuminated initial, possibly the work of an Augsburg artist. Günther and Johann Zainer were originally of Reutlingen and lived in Strassburg in the 1460s, where they probably worked with the city s first printer, Johann Mentelin. After having estbalished the first press in Augsburg, Günther (d.1498) presumably maintained connections with Reutlingen, for his earliest printing used paper imported from a local mill whose watermark was the municipal arms. Unlike most other incunable editions, Zainer s edition, which contains the complete text (in 95 chapters instead of 40, usually in smaller formats), follows the manuscript tradition in presenting the text anonymously. It is only later that this spiritual narrative of the life of Christ was attributed to Saint Bonaventura, but it was in fact written in the early 1400s by an anonymous Tuscan Franciscan (who is thought to be Johannes a Caulibus) for a nun of the Poor Clares. However, the Meditationes vitae Christi does contain a Meditationes de Passione which is a genuine Bonaventuran work (see M. Ford, BPH catalogue). The Meditationes was one of the most beloved texts of the Franciscan movement and exerted a profound and lasting influence on mystery plays and devotional literature until well into the 17th century. It testifies to a wide range of influences, embracing the theological direction of St. Bernard and building on the philosophical conception of Hugo de S. Victore. Circulating most widely in Italy, and to a lesser extent in France, England, and Spain, the text was hardly known in Germany and the Low Countries, where its role as principal guide to contemplation of the divine mysteries was filled by the closely related Vita Christi of Ludolphus of Saxony. Its influence and popularity is evidenced in the more than 60 editions published before of which this first edition is one of only four printed in Germany. Scarce: we could trace four different copies at auction in the last 35 years, of which only one was similarly illuminated. None in older binding. Provenance: Benedictines of Rott am Inn, Upper Bavaria (17th-c. inscription Benedictorum oeno-rothensium on opening page); R[everendus] D[ominus] Magister Otto Steger (18th-c. inscription on first page, cropped); Clifford Rattey (bookplate); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #53, acquired from L. C. Harper, 1988). Folio (28 x 20.5 cm). 71 leaves (of 72, without first blank), 35 lines, elaborate handcoloured opening initial I on gilt ground with floral extensions forming a two-part border, other Lombard initials in alternating red and blue, rubricated with contrasting blue and red paragraph-marks, red underlining and initial-strokes, marginalia in red, later ms foliation keyed to the contents table and pagination; trimmed affecting ms pagination, but still wide margins, very occasional minor staining or soiling. Twentieth-century crushed dark green morocco by Bayntun Riviere, Bath, for C. Rattey, red-sprinkled edges, spine gilt with raised bands. H*3557; GW 4739; BMC II, 315; Goff B-893; ISTC ib Shapero Rare Books

12 Eight first editions, from Cologne s first printer 5 GERSON, Johannes. Alphabetum divini amoris. [Bound with all following works:] De cognitione castitatis et de pollutionibus diurnis; forma absolutionis sacramentalis. De pollutione nocturna. Opus tripartitum de praeceptis decalogi, de confessione, et de arte moriendi. De meditatione cordis; de oratione et valore eius; expositio super psalmos poenitentiales. De efficacia orationis; de tentationibus diaboli; de exercitiis discretis devotorum simplicium. De custodia linguae et corde bene ruminanda. De remediis contra pusillanimitatem contra deceptorias inimici consolationes eiusque tentationes. Conclusiones de diversis materiis moralibus, sive de regulis mandatorum. [Ulrich Zell, Cologne, about ]. Lovely fresh copy, with aristocratic provenance, of an important Sammelband of nine works by or attributed to Gerson, eight in first edition. De pollutione nocturna is here a second edition, following closely the first, also due to Zell. Produced by the first printer established in Cologne, the fourth city to develop printing. After having learned the trade in Schoeffer s workshop in Mainz, Ulrich Zell (d. 1503) began to print in Cologne in about The Alphabetum divini amoris is one of five printed works with the first state of his first type, one of which is dated The Alphabetum is here, as in other incunable editions, attributed to Gerson but is in fact of unknown authorship. The numerous treatises circulating in manuscript under Gerson s name were the largest single component of Zell s first publishing programme. His quartos were typically acquired in small groups by the original buyers and bound together, but the large majority of such collective volumes were broken up in the rare book trade and by libraries in the 19th century, with the loss of significant contextual evidence. These individual works are now scarcely found on the market - and such Sammelbände are therefore of the greatest rarity. Provenance : Duke of Arenberg (rose to covers); J.R. Ritman, (BPH bookplate, #10, 94, 101, 99, 98, 97, 96, 102, 95, acquired from Kraus, 1988). Nine works in a volume 4to (21.3 x 13.8 cm). All 27 lines and initial-spaces, uniformly rubricated in red and blue throughout, incl. initials, paragraphmarks and underlining, I. 28 leaves, 6-line initial in red and blue with a ground of gold paint and red penwork flourishing, highlighted with green wash, two other initials treated similarly, contemporary catchwords written at the foot of last p. of several quires, original ms quiring in brown or red ink preserved on scattered other leaves; II. 17 leaves, the 17th added as a singleton to the second quire, 4-line initial on first leaf in red with penwork extensions; III. 16 leaves (last blank), 4-line initial in blue with red penwork extensions highlighted in green; IV. 30 leaves (of 32, without first and last blanks, but leaves 3 and 4-5 supplied in contemporary manuscript), 4-line initial in blue with red penwork extensions highlighted in green; V. 55 leaves (of 56, without final blank); VI. 38 leaves; VII. 6 leaves; VIII. 13 leaves (of 16, without first and final 2 blanks); IX. 38 leaves (of 40, without first and last blanks), 4-line initial in blue with red penwork extensions highlighted in green; only some spotting to first work and a wormhole repaired. Late 19th-c. full tan polished calf, blindstamped in period style, with medlar rose to centre dyed red, spine with raised bands, vellum pastedowns, contemporary vellum ms contents list now pasted to verso of front free endpaper; minor rubbing to extremities. I. HC *7631, H *7690 = 7704 (II), 7697 = 7704 (I), HC 7653, *7628, H*7687, *7682, *7705 and HC 7640; GW 1554, 10728, 10809, 10774, 10767, 10843, 10754, and 10733; BMC I, 179, 180, 184 and I, 180 but II. and VIII. not in BMC; Goff A-524, G-194, G-255; G-238, G-231, G-227, G-218, G-265, G-202; ISTC ia , ig , ig , ig , ig , ig , ig , ig , ig Shapero Rare Books

13 First edition of this celebrated eyewitness account: illuminated and in contemporary binding 6 JOSEPHUS, Flavius. De antiquitate Judaica. De bello Judaico. Johann Schüssler, [Augsburg], 28 June and 23 August A beautiful illuminated example of the first edition, in an identified contemporary binding. An exceptionally large and fine copy [...] Many original signature marks are present, and many of the fore edges are untrimmed (H. P. Kraus, who attributes the illumination to Hector Muelich of Augsburg). The first book printed by schüssler, and one of the few classiscs first issued in Germany. Schüssler took over the types of Zainer, whose last dated book with them was printed on 22 January 1470, and he finished the first part of the Josephus six months later. He printed only 13 works, all with the same typeface. Josephus (c.38-after 100), a prolific and controversial chronicler of the Jews, wrote his first book, De bello Judaico, under imperial patronage at Rome. An eyewitness to the Jewish wars, he was able to portray the Jewish nation as having succumbed to a fanatic few who brought on the war and the fall of Jerusalem. De antiquitate Judaica, his comprehensive history of the Jews, begins with Creation and progresses up to the war with Rome (66 AD). With the aim of proving the antiquity of the Jews, Josephus was stimulated by his observations of Jews living in Rome outside a Jewish environment while still maintaining their religion. Aside from being a valuable sourcebook of early Jewish history, De antiquitate Judaica provides first-hand information on pre-christian monastic communities such as the Pharisaic, Sadducean and Essene movements. Josephus himself had been a member of a communalistic religious sect, possibly the Essenes, and he describes in detail their ascetic life (M.Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Probably Saurzapf family of Augsburg (armorial shield to page opening text); H.P. Kraus ( The Cradle of Printing part II, catalogue 131, 1971, #11); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #129, acquired from Kraus, 1988). Two parts in one volume royal folio (40 x 29.5 cm). 287 leaves (of 288, without initial blank), two columns, as BMC notes, either fo.2 or 11 is a cancel since both have a watermark, and in this copy all leaves except 11 have ms foliation in the inside bottom margin, 10-line initial in blue and white on gold background with red and green frame, vine extension with carnations and roses forming 3/4 border in blue, green, pink and red, herald holding an armorial shield at centre of lower margin, similar initial in gold or silver with colours opening each of the 27 books, Maiblumen-initials on the 7 supplied leaves in green, grey and red, rubricated with smaller initials, paragraph-marks and headlines (to L3r) in red, some ms guide-letters; blank leaf inserted after v8, seven leaves (fos. d4, h10, i8, n7, v1, A1, G10) from another copy, first leaf illumination a bit chipped. Contemporary Augsburg binding of black calf over bevelled wooden boards, blindstamped with an Ave Maria scroll, palmetter, interlaced cords, double rosette, quatrefoil, identified as Kyriss Workshop 76 and 89, two brass fore-edge clasps with leather tongues, in calf-backed folding box; repaired. HC *9451; BMC II, 327; Goff J-481; ISTC ij ; Kyriss IVa, pl , Shapero Rare Books

14

15 7 NIDER, Johannes. Die vierundzwanzig goldenen Harfen. Johann Bämler, Augsburg, [not after 1470]. A tall copy, in an attractive contemporary binding, of the very rare first edition of Nider s only work in German. The first book printed by Bämler. We could not trace any complete copy at auction in the last 35 years. ISTC lists no complete copy in France and only two in the USA (Yale and Pierpont Morgan). Johannes Nider (ca ) was a Dominican theologian and reformist. He wrote in ca this free rendering of John Cassian s Collationes patrum XXIV, recounting the latter s conversations with 4th- and 5thcentury leaders of eastern monasticism. Otto von Passau had earlier used the 24 elders as the structure of his work, and Nider adopts it here to illustrate the phases of spiritual and religious lives marked by the ascetism of the early Desert Fathers. A renowned preacher, as Eckhart and Tauler had been, the prologue [...] contains excerpts from sermons preached at Neremberg. A copy at the Bavarian National Library in Munich (BSB) bears the rubricator s date of 1470, making it the first book printed by Bämler (ca ). A former copyist and rubricator, he was thought to have begun printing in 1472 only (Goff, BPH catalogue). He mainly printed works in German and published three of the first four editions of the present work, within eight years. Provenance: Benedictines of Saint Mang, Füssen, Bavaria (ms exlibris on front pastedown and on first page of text dated 1578, with note of purchase in [15]72); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate #199). Folio (31.6 x 21.1 cm). 172 leaves (of 173, without final blank), 28 lines, 5- to 8-line initials illuminated in green and gold with red and brown penwork infill; clean diagonal tear in first leaf and upper outer corner mended, first two leaves strengthened in gutter margin, some light marginal soiling and worming, two marginal closed tears. Contemporary blindstamped calf over wooden boards in a panel design with rosettes, lily shields and inscribed banners, blind-ruled diagonals forming two central lozenges, brass bosses and corner-pieces, brass catch, contemporary paper title label and shelfmark label on upper cover; a bit worn, brass clasp renewed, old spine repairs and 18th-c. gilt title. H*11846; GW M26853; BMC II, 330; Goff N-222 ( before 22 April 1472 ); ISTC in Shapero Rare Books

16 8 BONIFACIUS VIII, Pope [Benedetto GAETANO] and Johannes ANDREAE. Liber Sextus Decretalium. [Heinrich Eggestein, Strassburg, about ]. A crisp copy, in a contemporary binding: the second edition of this important text, after the first by Fust & Schoeffer in 1465 (see No 3 of the present catalogue). Rare: we could not find another copy at auction in the last 35 years. Pope Boniface (ca ) instituted a patronage of the arts and sciences which could be compared to the later Medici and was unprecedented at that time in the papacy. Under Boniface the cathedral of Orvieto was largely completed, several churches at Rome, including St. Peter s, were restored for the Jubilee of 1300 (the first), and Giotto was called to Rome. Boniface also founded the universities at Rome and Fermo, and he gave fresh impetus to building the Vatican library collection. The thirty-three Greek manuscripts at the Vatican as of 1311 constituted the earliest known, and long the most important, medieval collection of Greek works in the West (Th. Oestreich, Catholic Encyclopedia. N.Y., 1913, 2, p.669) (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Heinrich Eggestein (ca ca.1488) was the second printer established in Strassburg, where he worked from 1464 until After his probable journey to Mainz and meeting with Gutenberg, he produced a celebrated Bible (also in the BPH collection until recently) and mainly works in Latin: antique classics, Medieval authors and also legal works of canon and civil law - such as the Decretales of Gregory IX and their supplement, which is Boniface s present work - which put him in direct competition with Peter Schoeffer. The latter printed his second Liber sextus on 17 April 1470, sometimes considered as the third, or second edition of the text. Provenance: Johann Kruckemperger (signature on first leaf); Pease-Wardington family (booklabel to lower pastedown); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #60, acquired from Tenschert, 1989, from Christie s, 7 Dec. 1988, lot 96). Royal folio (41 x 29 cm). 199 leaves (of 201, without 21/4 and blank 11/4), two columns, commentary surround, 2-line incipit and rubrics printed in red in a separate press pull after printing the black, initials supplied alternately in red and blue, some with both colours intertwined, paragraph-marks and underlining in red, 18th-century ms foliation and book number as headline, ms register at end of each book, vellum quire guards; occasional waterstains, mostly marginal, stronger at beginning and end. Contemporary pigskin over beechwood boards blindstamped to diamond pattern with leafy tool, foliate rope-work as outer border; darkened and a bit soiled, wormholes, foot of spine worn and anciently repaired, without all metal fittings. HC*3583; GW 4849; BMC I,70; Goff B-977; ISTC ib ; not in IDL. 30 Shapero Rare Books

17 The Doheny illuminated copy of a very rare early production of Jenson 9 Ordine del bem viver delle donne maridade chiamato gloria mulierum. [With] Parole devote de lanima inamorata in Misser Iesu. Nicolaus Jenson, [Venice], 6 April A fine, illuminated example of the very rare first editions of Gloria Mulierum and Parole, both printed in Italian in the second year of Jenson s activity. No copy in America, none in Germany, only two copies of Parole in Italy. Except the present example, ISTC lists only ten complete copies of Gloria mulierum and six of Parole - in Italy, Austria, the UK (two only of Parole ) and France (only one Parole ). No other copy, even fragmentary, could be traced at auction in the last four decades. Usually treated separately in bibliographies, both works are now considered as being both part of a single edition, as detailed in the BPH catalogue and argued by F. de Marez Oyens and P. Needham. Gloria mulierum is a sequel of the Decor Puellarum, printed by Nicolas Jenson ( ) the same year, just after having opened his famous printing shop in Venice in The Decor has led in the past to some confusion, as its colophon was erroneously dated 1461, insted of giving the correct date of Jenson was in fact, in 1461, finishing his three-year stay in Gutenberg s workshop in Mainz. He then established a successful press in Venice, where he developed his celebrated typeface based on Humanistic scripts and beautifully used here. This manual of Christian conduct and the verse dialogue between Christ and the soul were certainly written in a Carthusian tradition and circulated widely in Latin manuscripts. Jenson had close contacts to the Carthusian monastery of St. Andrea in Lido, which was visited and supported by the humanists Bernardo Giustiniani and Ludovico Foscarini. The virtues of married women praised in the first text are faith, poverta del spirito, spiritual and temporary obedience, honesty, strength, confidentiality, charity, and love for the husband and God. The Parole, written in verse, employs the language of ecstatic rapture. The soul of the woman pleads to ascend the ladder to heaven, to be embraced by Christ, and through the force of love she will achive eternal life with the Saviour. Provenance: Estelle Doheny (gilt red morocco label, sale Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 85, to); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #103). Quarto (17.9 x 13 cm). 18 (initial and final blank) and 10 leaves, 21 and 22 lines in Jenson s Roman type, 4-line initial Q to begin the introduction to the first work illuminated in gold and colors on 1/2r, 1- to 4-line initials alternating in red or blue, faint mamuscript guide-letters; very light occasional foxing only. Nineteenth-century maroon straight-grained morocco, gilt and blind-tooled, all edges gilt, marbled endpapers; housed in a pale linen slipcase and chemise. HC 7783 and HCR 12422; GW and M29471; BMC V, 168; Goff G-308 and P-119; ISCT ig and ip (original size) 32 Shapero Rare Books

18 Ficino s first publication: one of the core texts of the Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica 10 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. De potestate et sapientia dei. Gerardus de Lisa, de Flandria, Treviso, 18 December Large copy of the first edition of Ficino s first text, a foundation work of the Renaissance. One of the first four books printed at the first press in Treviso. Rare: we could trace only the Sullivan-Stonyhurst College copy three times at auction in the last half-century. This was the first portion to come into print of the Corpus Hermeticum, a large body of writings attributed to an apocryphal Hermes Trismegistus, but in fact the work of different authors written at various times in the first centuries after Christ. Marsilio Ficino ( ) relates in the dedicatory letter of his Plotinus 20 years later (also present in this catalogue), how Cosimo de Medici, having heard Pletho s lectures on Plato, had commissioned Ficino to translate the Platonic corpus. So important were the works of Hermes Trismegistus that when a Greek manuscript was found in Macedonia by Lionardo of Pistoia and brought to Florence (a 14th-c. manuscript that survives at the Laurentiana), Cosimo ordered Ficino to interrupt his work translating Plato in order first to translate Hermes. Ficino s translation of De potestate was completed in April It circulated in numerous manuscript copies before being printed in 1471, with a dedication to Cosimo de Medici. The work consists of 14 dialogues describing a vision seen under the guidance of Pimander, a semi-divine being. It describes the creation of the universe and man, the union of spirit and matter following the Fall, and the method of redemption by knowledge. Ficino thought he recognized an ancient source of philosophy pre-dating both Greek Philosophy and the Bible, with evidence that Hermes was indeed the father of theology since its account of creation had obvious parallels to Genesis, it prophesied Christianity, and it taught devotion to God in this life (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). The editor of the work was Francesco Rolandello, a humanist and teacher of rhetoric who was later employed in Venice as a tutor to the children of Leonardo Loredano ( ), doge of Venice during 20 years. In his brief preface, Rolandello emphasised the low price at which so much wisdom could be had, as also the central miracle of printing, because Rolandello had supplied the printer with a manuscript and he had transformed it into many copies for others to read. Rolandello s own Exeminationes grammaticales was one of the first books printed by the Flemish Gerardus de Lisa and he might have been instrumental in the setting up of the first printing workshop in Treviso. Provenance: J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #113, acquired from a sale at Drouot, May 1986, lot 324). Octavo on quarter-sheets (20.3 x 14.5 cm). 56 leaves, 24 lines, spaces for Greek text, variant with reading FRAH on A1v, line 16; occasional light marginal spotting, first leaf repaired in the margins and with abrasion slightly affecting text. Later vellum manuscript binding over stiff boards, modern morocco clamshell case by G. van Daal. HR 8456; GW 12310; BMC VI, 83; Goff H-77; ISTC ih Shapero Rare Books

19 11 CASSIODORUS, Magnus Aurelius. Historia ecclesiastica tripartita. Johann Schüssler, Augsburg, circiter 5 February Fresh copy in a contemporary binding of the first edition of this major history of the Church, as well as a history of the dominate, starting with Constantine the great (306). Rare: we could trace only one complete copy at auction in the last 35 years. Cassiodorus (ca ) is the giant of late Roman culture, standing between the fast-vanishing ancient world and the beginnings of Christian learning. he had been consul of Rome in 514, head of the civil service (by 526) and praetorian prefect in 533. He retired from public service in 540 and founded a monastery at his ancestral home near Scylletium (Calabria), which he named Vivarium. He encouraged knowledge through study not only of theological works but also of pagan antiquity. The library became a central feature of the monastery, built up by avid copying, writing and translating. The Historia ecclesiastica tripartita is a result of this work, composed of translations of the church histories written by Socrates Scholasticus, Sozomen and Theodoret. Originally written in Greek, they each continued Eusebius s Historia ecclesiatica, bringing it up to the Council of Nicea and the Arian controversy. This Cassiodorus compilation in twelve books became one of the most important sources for church history during the Middle Ages (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). The three Greek sources were translated for Cassiodorus by his friend at Vivarium monastery, Epiphanius Scholasticus, who sometimes is also credited with the compilation. Johann Schüssler (d.1473/74) was probably a papermaker and bookbinder, before he started the second printing workshop in Augsburg. Only 13 printings left his press from 1470 onwards, all printed with the same typeface purchased from Günther Zainer. In 1473, he sold his house to Zainer, his five presses and equipment to the monastery St. Ulrich and Afra (cf. Augsburger Buchdruck und Verlagswesen, ed. by H. Gier and J. Janota, 1997, p. 76, 1206f). The colophon of gives the date Circiter nonas februarias. Provenance: Benedictine Abbey of Scheyern (binding, contemporary inscription on first leaf and above beginning of text); Royal Library, Munich (shelfmark Inc. Typ. No and duplicate label); C.S. Ascherson (booklabel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #69, acquired from Quaritch, 1989). Folio (31 x 21.5 cm). 194 leaves (of 195, without one of the final blanks), 35 lines, two 7-line initials in red, rubricated. Contemporary dark brown calf over bevelled wooden boards, blindstamped with rosettes, maria scrolls, fleur-de-lys and other floral stamps, from the workshop of the Benedictine Abbey of Scheyern in Bavaria (Kyriss, workshop 30), vellum leaves of a 15th-c. manuscript used as pastedowns, covering half of the inner covers; some surface wear, without central bosses and clasps. HC *4573; GW 6164; BMC II, 329; Goff C-237; ISTC ic Shapero Rare Books

20 12 AMBROSIUS [Saint]. Hexameron. Johann Schüssler, Augsburg, circiter 5 May Unusually large copy of the first edition of this homiletic commentary by Saint Ambrose, fourth-century bishop of Milan, one of the four original doctors of the Church, who baptised Augustine in 386. Ambrosius exegesis in nine sermons on the six days of Creation is based on the work by St. Basil on the same subject, but Ambrosius enlarges on the story s allegorical aspects. In poetically observing nature - the ocean, its movements and colours - Ambrosius passes easily into its relationship with God and sees in it the virtues of moderation, security, tranquillity, interprets it as the Church with waves of prayer, and finally asserts its effect by asking And what of the wave that washes sin away and the life-giving breezes of the Holy Spirit? (E.K. Rand, Founders of the Middle Ages, Cambridge, Mass., 1929, p.98). On the creation of human beings Ambrosius maps out the symbolism of the body, first likening it to the world, then to a royal palace, then to Noah s Ark, before seeing it as the resting place of God (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). This work is an established source for Bede s commentaries on Genesis, Aelfric s own Hexameron, and, along with Lactantius Carmen de ave phoenice, the ninth-century Old English poem The Phoenix. Very rare on the market: we could trace only the Broxbourne copy, without the last leaf, rebound too and significantly smaller (24 x 17.5 cm), appearing at auction, twice, for over 35 years. Provenance: Vatican library (duplicate stamp on first and penultimate leaves); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #14, acquired from Tenschert, 1989). Folio (31.2 x 21.4 cm). 76 leaves (of 77, without final blank), spaces left for Greek terms, 35 lines, 7-line woodcut floral initial on first leaf, coloured in turqoise and brown, other initials in red or blue with green, gold or red penwork, paragraph marks, initial strokes and guide letters mostly in red throughout; the initial and two final leaves with paper restorations and carefully extended margins, a few leaves mounted on hinges, incl. the last one, which has been reversed. Recent brown calf, tooled and lettered in blind to style, modern clamshell case. H *903; GW 1603; BMC II, 329; Goff A-555; ISTC ia Shapero Rare Books

21 From the first printer in Nuremberg 13 DE PISIS, Rainerius. Pantheologia, sive summa universae theologiae. Johann Sensenschmidt and Heinrich Kefer, Nuremberg, 8 April Beautiful large copy of the first edition of the oldest theological encyclopedia, bound for the Archduke of Austria. This compendium of important theological concepts, arranged alphabetically and written around 1331 by Rainerius de Pisis (d. 1348), a Dominican, represents the practical inheritance of scholasticism. It brings together the main themes of theology, drawing most heavily on Alexander von Hales, Bonaventura and, of course, Thomas Aquinas. The thoroughness of the Pantheologia is demonstrated in the number of little known authors and texts it cites (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). This is also the only book signed by both Johann Sensenschmidt and his occasional partner Heinrich Kefer, who had been one of Gutenberg s workmen. The partners considered it worthy of advertising in a separate broadside - one of the earliest such. This enormous work, more than twice as large as any book which had hitherto left his press, is also the last book in which the two founts designed for [Heinrich] Rummel by Sensenschmidt occur (Scholderer, in Fifty Essays, 1966, p. 237). Rummel, a doctor of Laws, was a member of an important Nuremberg family and had Sensenschmidt coming to Nuremberg after he probably learnt his trade in Mainz. The work became popular in the 15th century and went through seven incunable editions. Scarce: although well represented in institutions, we could trace only two other complete copies selling at auction in the last 35 years. Provenance: Archduke of Austria (gilt arms to spines, oval armorial library stamp in lower margin of first page); A Nobleman, sale Sotheby s sale, 14 May 1979, lot 102, to Traylen); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #164, acquired from Tenschert, 1988). Three volumes royal folio (39.4 x 28 cm). 858 leaves (of 865, without 5 blank leaves, but with initial and final 3 blank leaves), 57 lines, double column, some 15-line and many smaller capitals supplied in red and/or blue, some with penwork flourishes extending into the margins, running titles, paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red; a few marginal repairs and tears, occasional light marginal soiling, marginal worm puncture at beginning of vol. III. Eighteenth-century russet morocco, gilt-ruled triple fillet border, spines richly gilt in compartments, pastedowns and endleaves of decorated paper; lightly rubbed, some small repairs, light dampstains on upper cover of vol. III. H *13015; GW M36929; BMC II, 405; Goff R-5; ISTC ir Shapero Rare Books

22 The Broxbourne-Friedlander copy of Koberger s first signed book 14 BOETHIUS. De consolatione philosophae. [Das Puech von dem Trost der Weisshait]. Anton Koberger, Nuremberg, 24 July Attractively decorated copy of the possible first edition, and the first edition of the German translation of this extremely popular text. The first book bearing the name of Anton Koberger, and his second dated book. Of great rarity: we could not trace any other copy at auction during the past half-century. Although a Latin edition was printed anonymously in Basle by Michael Wenssler ca. 1473, its priority has not been established and the present edition is thought to be the first by the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (BSB Ink. B-593). The Johannes Glim edition printed at Savigliano, dated ca in the GW, should be dated to ca (see BMC VII, 61). The identities of the commentator (Thomas Waleys as pseudo-thomas Aquinas?) and of the translator are both disputed. Written in prose and verse while the senator and consul Boethius (ca. 480 ca.524) was in prison at Pavia on charges of treachery, or in exile under arrest, the Consolation of Philosophy is a dialogue between the author and Philosophy, who has come to console him in his autobiographical desolation. After helping Boethius understand himself, his good fortune and his misfortune, and free will, Philosophy leads him to true happiness, which is knowledge of God. Incorporating large parts of Plato s Timaeus, it was a chief source of Platonic and Neoplatonic philosophy in the Middle Ages. It also introduces the celebrated Boethian wheel, an image of historical cycle, concerning men in particular, and their rise and fall. Boethius most famous work became quickly popular, and it was the most widely copied work of secular literature in Europe, before being printed more than 70 times in all major European languages before Provenance: Cistercian monastery of Lilienfeld (Austria, 18th-c. inscription in upper margin of first page of commentary Sum: Monasterij Campilili[ensis] ); unidentified 19th-c. armorial bookplate; William Knighton (armorial bookplate with motto Labore et perseverantia ); Albert Ehrman ( ; armorial bookplate with motto Pro viribus summis contendo, and bookplate of Broxbourne Library, sale Sotheby s, 8 May , lot 397, to Harper); Helmut Friedlaender (booklabel, sale Christie s NY, 23 April 2001, lot 27); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #275). Folio (33.2 x 24.2 cm). 192 leaves (of 200, without blanks 1, 7, 82, , 200 but with blank leaf 166), Latin text with 23 lines interspaced, German text with 46 lines, commentary with 46 lines, text single column, commentary double column, three 11-line Maiblumen initials in red with green penwork infill, also reversed, many 3-, 4-, and 5-line initials in alternating red and green, a few in maroon, rubricated with paragraph-marks and initialstrokes in red; some marginal soiling and staining in first and last few leaves and occasionally elsewhere, small tear in fore-margin of one leaf mended. Eighteenth-century English gold-tooled dark calf, large interlocking double-fillet lozenge and rectangle in centre of each cover, four corner ornaments of flowers, leafy plants, handles, circles and arabesques on a dotted ground, border roll-tooled in blind with stylised plants, spine gold- and blind-tooled with gilt-stamped title and imprint, dentelles, all edges gilt; rebacked with original spine laid down, various scrapes and scuffmarks, housed in a gilt full olive morocco drop-box by Hans van der Horst, Eenhoorn Binderij. H*3398; GW 4573; BMC II, 412; Goff B-816; ISTC ib Shapero Rare Books

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24 15 Defensorium fidei dialogos septem contra iudeos, hereticos et sarracenos. Johannes de TURRECREMATA. De salute animae. CASSIODORUS. Constantii imperatoris et Liberii Pape pro defensione Athanasii dialogus. [Nicolaus Ketelaer and Gerardus de Leempt, Utrecht, ]. The only edition, rare, printed by the first identified Dutch press: a crisp, very tall copy, printed on thick paper. This apology of the Christian faith was published anonymously and addresses the learned but not theologically educated audience in developing a popular Christology, martyrology and describing miracles. Its seven books dealing with all sorts of infidels - Jews, Muslims and Christian heretics - are written in the style of a public oration and in dialogue form, and seems to have been little studied by scholars. The Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana and the Widener Collection at Harvard incorporated this tilte in their Judaica collections because of the anti-semitism permeating the text. Cassiodorus work published with it is actually the book V of his Historia ecclesiastica tripartita. Of great rarity: we could not trace any other copy selling at auction in the past half-century. ISTC records only five complete copies in the USA. Provenance: Mid-20th-c. typewritten bookdealer s description, in German tipped onto inside of front cover; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #264, probably acquired from Hartung & Hartung, 1999, sale 96, lot 141). Folio (27.9 x 20.2 cm). 79 leaves (of 80, without initial blank), 31 lines, 3-, 4- and 6-line initials in gold, red and blue with marginal pen work decoration with printed guide-letters, rubricated with paragraph-marks, underlining and initial-strokes in red, marginal annotations in an early hand; some light paper toning. Later stiff marbled paper wrappers; minor wear. HC *6083; GW 8246; BMC IX, 8; Goff D-136; ISTC id ; IDL Shapero Rare Books

25 The earliest printed history of England 16 BEDA VENERABILIS. Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. [Heinrich Eggestein, Strassburg, not after 1475]. Very attractive copy of the only incunable edition, the first of only four Bede s works printed before The Doheny copy. Bede s Historia ecclesiastica echoes Eusebius work of the same title and established him as the Father of English History. The Venerable Bede ( ) was a monk active at a Northumbrian monastery with access to a superb library and works by the classical authors. His intent was to write a history of the Church of England, yet he also gives a detailed account of historical events and clearly draws from the works of Roman secular historiography and the Bible itself. Sometimes recorded as printed in However Eggestein apparently produced this edition concurrently with various large-format works including an edition of Eusebius Historia ecclesiastica, with which it shares paper stock (Royal paper watermarked with a crown) type font and layout. The Wloclawek Seminary copy of Bede was bound together with Eusebius and has a rubrication date of Provenance: Robert Stayner Holford ( ; sold by his son Sir George Holford to Rosenbach, 1925, and by him on 19 Nov to:); Estelle Doheny (gilt red morocco label, sale Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 17, to Quaritch, who sold it in 1989 to); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #34). Folio (28.1 x 20.6 cm). 97 leaves (of 98, without final blank), double column, 40 lines, 2- to 9-line initials, rubricated with paragraph-marks and initialstrokes in red; paper tears repaired on outer margin of ff.1-2. Later English crushed crimson morocco by Charles Lewis, London with his leather ticket, covers lettered in gilt and tooled in blind, all edges gilt, vellum endpapers; joints a touch rubbed. H*2732; GW 3756; BMC I,71; Goff B-293; ISTC ib Shapero Rare Books

26 17 AUGUSTINUS, Aurelius [Saint]. De civitate dei. Gabriele di Pietro, Venice, Fine copy with wide margins in a lovely binding, possibly Venetian. One of the four great Fathers of the Church, Augustinus ( ) wrote his great theology of history in ca It made him considered as the founder of a new science, to which Voltaire assigned the name philosohpy of history. For the first time a comprehensive survey of human history is presented. History, he maintained, has a goal. Slavation by God s grace is not just a cyclical, haphazard occurence of events (PMM). One of the most authoritative witness to the work and philosophy of Hermes, [...] Augustine was a focal point in both the humanist and Neoplatonist movements of the Renaissance. [...] Up to the 12th century [he] was the chief source of philosophical ideas in the Latin world and [...] remained the primary influence in mystical and ascetical circles (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). The text was therefore very popular in the 15th century, and went through about 20 incunable editions. This seventh edition without commentary is a close reprint of Jenson s edition of the same year, copying even Jenson s unusual innovation of printing his name in the headline of the first text leaf a1 - here of course replaced with Pietro s. This copy reads Tarusio in the colophon. Provenance: Gilbert R. Redgrave (1894 bookplate and manuscript note on first fly-leaf, dated 1890); Edward Cheney (bookplate with motto Patio prudentia major ); Albert Ehrman ( ; armorial bookplate with motto Pro viribus summis contendo, and bookplate of Broxbourne Library, sale Sotheby s, 9 May 1978, lot 636, to Francis Edwards); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #194). Folio (28.2 x 19.4 cm). 293 leaves (of 296, without 3 blanks), double column, 46 lines and headline, 2-, 5-, 8- and 11-line initial spaces with printed guides, rubricated with guide-letters in red and blue; occasional ms notes to margins, slightly spotted and dampstained in places. Contemporary Italian calf over wooden boards, blindstamped with fillets and two ornamental rolls, three diamond-shaped knots in central panel, with original metal clasps; joints slightly worn, lacks bosses, two straps detached but preserved, housed in custom-made clamshell box. HC*2052; GW 2880; BMC V, 201; Goff A-1236; ISTC ia ; cf. PMM 3 (1467 edition). 50 Shapero Rare Books

27 From the first press established in France 18 ZAMORENSIS, Rodericus. Speculum Vitae Humanae. Ulrich Gering, Martin Crantz and Michael Friburger, Paris, 1 August The Fairfax Murray-Broxbourne-Abrams copy of this beautiful specimen of french typography in the 15th century, from the first Parisian printers. A striking fount of gothic minuscules and antiqua capitals (Abrams catalogue). Very rare: except the UK, ISTC lists 17 other complete copies worldwide, including only one in Germany (Stuttgart), six in France and three in the USA (Lilly, Pierpont Morgan and Williams College). Apparently no other copy at auction for over 30 years. This is the first use of these beautiful semigothic characters. Ulrich Gering (ca ) was called by the chancellor of the Sorbonne to set up a printing press in Together with Michael Friburger (ca ), who learnt his trade in Basel, and Martin Crantz (fl ), he produced 22 works between 1470 and 1472, before the three printers became independent from the univeristy and worked without patron is also probably the publication year of the trio s first edition of Zamorensis work. Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo ( ) is the original Spanish name of the author of the popular Mirror of Human Life, a sum of the medieval social order, describing the role of the nobility and military officials, monarchy and Papacy. In an encyclopedic manner the Spanish bishop and diplomat deals with the liberal arts, such as theatre, as well with legal questions, government and the administration of the church. Written in the 1460s, it was first printed in Rome in 1468 and became very popular, going through more than 20 editions before GW calls mistakenly for 136 leaves. Our copy is complete with all blanks, retaining even the front fly-leaf, apparently from the same paper stock. Provenance: original owner s manuscript motto jatends mon heure and his cypher preserved on original fly-leaf; Charles Fairfax Murray (number label, Catalogue of Early French Books, 487, sale Christie s, 21 March 1918, lot 674); Albert Ehrman ( ; armorial bookplate with motto Pro viribus summis contendo, handwritten monogram to lower pastedown and bookplate of Broxbourne Library, sale Sotheby s II, 8 May 1978, lot 423, to Quaritch); George Abrams (booklabel, sale Sotheby s 1989, lot 110, to Quaritch); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #208). Folio (28.8 x 20.3 cm). 142 leaves (1/1 and 14/12 blanks), 32 lines, 3- and 6-line initial spaces, the two book initials illuminated by a French hand, gilt letters on ground of red and blue with white ink filigree, rubricated with chapter initials and paragraph-marks alternately in red and blue, capitals with yellow wash, a few contemporary marginalia; most of the blue rubrication washed away, a few short marginal tears. Modern red crushed morocco by Leighton, spine with raised bands and lettered in gilt inner dentelles gilt, all edges gilt. HC 13945; GW M38492; BMC VIII, 7; Goff R-223; ISTC ir Shapero Rare Books

28 The first dated Lübeck printing and the first maps, beautifully hand-coloured 19 Rudimentum Novitiorum. Epithoma partes in sex juxta mundi sex aetates divisum, prius alibi non receptum quod placuit rudimentum noviciorum intitulari. Lucas Brandis, Lübeck, 5 August The first chronicle of the world and the first work to contain printed maps that are more than diagrams. A superb illuminated example of the earliest dated book printed in Lübeck, with manuscript foliation apparently done in the printing shop (see BPH catalogue). The Rudimentum Novitiorum is an encyclopedic history of the world, offering, as it title indicates, the basic of historical knowledge to young clerics (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Probably conceived and written by a theologian, this compilation comprises the six ages of the world, from the Creation and the earliest urban development, to the sixth book, which covers the Christian period. It incorporates 29 Aesop s fables and mentions Hermes, giving his genealogy following Augustine. The first printed maps of the world and of Palestine, and more than 200 woodcuts and tables. The extraordinary production marks a turning point in illustrated books with its maps, portraits showing the subject engaged in a relevant activity, and scenes from Biblical history (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). All the pictorial woodcuts and genealogical tables, of which some are employed more than once, were credited to a single author. The different styles, however, suggest two different hands. The printer, Lucas Brandis, is often cited as a possible author, as well as Johannes de Columpna (Giovanni da Colonna), although neither of these suggestions is currently accepted. An example of Doppeldruck, the Rudimentum was a highly complex book to print, a project of groundbreaking ambition. Brandis (before 1450-after 1500) had also been active in Merseburg and Magdeburg, and produced here his most famous work. Unusually for the time, he announced it in a separate advertisement, the only copy of which to have surfaced was purchased in 1955 by Albert Ehrmann (ISTC ib ). Cartography. The maps of the Rudimentum Novitiorum pre-date the first published atlas, the Bologna Ptolemy, by two years. They are the first to try to show land forms and countries in topographical relation to each other. The world map derives from a Christianised medieval tradition without any reference to either Ptolemaic or Portolan sources, and is a vivid piece of cartographical design (Shirley). In the world map, observed locations are represented relatively, but without admitting actual measurement and are set within a reassuring and suitable array of mythological artifacts. What makes the world map of the Rudimentum so fascinating and puzzling, is the fact that it presents plausible geographic knowledge within the unyielding outlines of the T-O schema (Campbell): it is as if the modern, tangible world has been shoe-horned into a circular medieval world view. There are stylised elements that show each continent as an island and each country as a separate hill, surmounted either with a sovereign s bust or with the conventional symbol for a town separated by imaginary waterways, but these are real places and they are set in (reasonably) accurate relation to one another. The mythological aspects of the map include illustrations of the phoenix, the Tree of the Sun and the Moon, and the figures of the Devil and the Armless man. Traditionally, medieval maps were bounded at the west and east by the Pillars of Hercules and Paradise respectively. The Rudimentum places the pillars astride the entrance to the Mediterranean and shows, at the other extremity, an enclosed mound from which flows the four rivers of Paradise. It is also worth note that, next to Sweden (Gothia), Vinland is named on the world map. This is, however, likely to be Finland, as opposed to a representation of the Viking landings in the New World. In contrast to the world map, the map of Palestine admits an entirely observed view by presenting the Holy Land from a bird s-eye perspective. In doing so, it may be said to be the first modern printed map. It is oriented with east at the top and extends from Damascas and Sion in the north to the Red Sea in the south. Jerusalem is shown as a walled city at the centre of the map, with Calvary nearby. Eight heads around the periphery represent the winds or compass directions. As with the world map, each town or country is represented as a hillock bounded by either walls or waterways. Nebenzahl suggests the map originates from an account of the Holy Land by Burchardus de Monte Sion from Magdeburg, who spent ten years there in the 13th century. Copies of the account exist in manuscript but, to date, none of these has been discovered with an accompanying map. However, leaves of the Rudimentum include a version of his travels in Armenia, Palestine and Egypt that demonstrates a considerable knowledge of his work; including the fact that he measured the stones of the Pyramids of Gizeh in order to give the exact size! Provenance: J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #172, acquired from Tenschert, 1989). Two parts in one volume royal folio (37 x 28 cm). 474 leaves (blank 11 bound first), leaves numbered by hand in red i-ccccxxxiii with errors, 47 lines, double column, 12- to 7-line woodcut initials, coloured alternately in salmon, green, pink or blue with contrasting filling on burnished gold grounds in coloured frames, two double-page woodcut maps (at leaves and ), numerous full-page woodcut genealogical charts and column-wide woodcuts, all richly hand-coloured; a few contemporary marginal notes, occasional soiling, leaves a bit short catching some of the letters labelling the genealogical chains along with image edges of maps and printed label oriens at top of world map, mended tears in a few margins and lower outer corner of final leaf, spots from coloured wash at leaf ccxxxi, colour occasionally smudged, small patch of mildew in margin leaf ccccii, bifolium numbered ccccii-cccciii supplied from another copy, a map newly hinged. Modern dark-brown pigskin decorated in an antique style, in a brown cloth drop-box. H *4996; GW M39062; BMC II, 550; Goff R-345; ISTC ir ; not in Bodmer. 54 Shapero Rare Books

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30 20 AMBROSIUS [Saint]. Expositio in evangelium S. Lucae. [With] BERNARDUS CLARAVALLENSIS. De consideratione ad Eugenium. I. Anton Sorg, Augsburg, II. Nicolaus Ketelaer and Gerardus de Leempt, Utrecht, First editions of both works, in a contemporary binding - very rare such. We could trace only three copies of the first work selling at auction in the last 35 years, none in contemporary binding, while none of Bernardus edition could be found. Of the latter, ISTC lists only one copy in France (BnF) and six in the USA. This is the only incunable edition of Ambrosius commentary on the book of Luke, his only exegesis of the New Testament. It is among the most thorough of Luke commentaries. Focusing on the life of Christ told in that book and handling the episodes chronologically, the doctor of the Church applies a method of scriptural exegesis derived from Origen and Clement which reveals the literal, moral and allegorical meaning of the Bible. Perhaps not the first to introduce this method to the West, Ambrosius was, through his popularization of it, a chief link between the Eastern and Western Church (M. Ford, BPH catalogue, quoting also Rand, p. 85). Bernard of Clairvaux De consideratione originates from the earliest named printing press in the Netherlands and the manuscript used for typesetting it is preserved as the property of the Canons Regular in Utrecht. In this small tract, his last work, written around 1148, Bernard (ca ) addresses his former disciple, Pope Eugenius III on meditation and consideration, which is for him search for truth, distinguished from contemplation, which is the certainty of truth. A fellow member of the Cistercian community at Clairvaux, Eugenius had just been elected, in Provenance: Joseph Bohland (booklabel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #13; 36, acquired from de Graaf, 1989). Two works in one volume folio (29.9 x 20.6 cm). I. 159 leaves, 36 to 38 lines and headline, 3- and 10-line woodcut floral initials, rubricated and hand-coloured, paragraph marks, initial strokes and capitals in red, one with blue extension. II. 40 leaves (initial blank), 31 lines, 4-line initial spaces with printed guides, rubricated, paragraph marks, initial strokes and capitals in red, catchwords and manuscript signature at the end of each quire; first leaf of I. with large piece cut away and repaired (not affecting text) and almost loose, a few marginal wormholes at the beginning and end, occasional small spotting. Contemporary blind-ruled pigskin over wooden boards, spine with six raised bands; head of spine with wear, later endpapers, two functioning brass clasps, but brass rests removed, traces of worming; preserved in a drop-back cloth box. H *900 and HCR 976; GW 1602 and 3913; BMC II, 344 and IX, 7; Goff A-554 and B-367; ISTC ia and ib ; IDL 746 (for II.). 58 Shapero Rare Books

31 21 LACTANTIUS, Lucius Coelius Firmianus. Opera. Venantius FORTUNATUS. De resurrectione Christi. Johannes de Colonia and Johannes Manthen, Venice, 27 August Fine, fresh copy with an attractive illuminated page, of the first works to be printed in Italy with a date, by Sweynheym and Pannartz in Subiaco in Lactantius, writing in the 3rd century AD, is one of the earliest authorities on Hermes [...]. In Hermes, [he] found a pagan prophesying the advent of Christianity and used the Hermetic writings to prove the truth of the Church. It was a weaving of philosophical ideas which was later to exercise great influence on Renaissance thought, particularly that of Ficino and Pico (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). This is the third Venice edition, a reprint of the 1471 Ambergau edition, but with the addition of the Epitomon. Johannes de Colonia and Johannes Manthen took over the printing offices from Johannes de Spira who had founded his first Venice press in De Spira s brother Vindelius managed the press in but near bankruptcy during the book production crisis forced him to give up responsibility and hand it over to Colonia and Manthen. Under the new owners the printing offices became one of the two main associations that dominated the Venetian book trade during the final quarter of the 15th century. Provenance: FG (stamp to first and last page); J.P. Harris (19th-c. signature on front pastedown and initials on first leaf); Warwick Castle (red pencil pressmark, bought from Marlborough in 1972); W.R. Jeudwine (booklabel, sale Bloomsbury, 18 Sept. 1984, lot 16, to Taylor); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #131, acquired from Sloan, 1986). Folio (26.1 x 18.4 cm). 228 leaves, 37 lines, register in four columns, guide-letters in red and blue, 5-line illuminated initial on B1r coloured in blue, green, magenta and gold, with garland border and wreath in lower margin, final quire with Epitomon with 6-line illuminated initial and floral design coloured in blue, green, magenta and gold, but unrubricated, leaf with notes from the 19th century inserted between a1 and a2. Nineteenth-century polished calf, blindstamped roll-tooled borders, blindstamped spine in compartments, lettered in gilt, all edges gilt, mint green moire endpapers, two brass catches; lacking clasps. HC *9814; GW M16555; BMC V, 233; Goff L-9; ISTC il Shapero Rare Books

32 22 LUDOLPHUS DE SAXONIA. Vita Christi. 23 Anton Koberger, Nuremberg, 20 December GREGORIUS I, Pope. Omelie in duutschen. Johan Veldener, Utrecht, 22 April Crisp copy with beautifully illuminated initials. Scarce: we could trace only three complete copies at auction for over 30 years, none in the last 27 years. This is the first of three editions printed by Koberger (see No. 60 for the third, of smaller format), and the fifth edition overall of this popular and influential work written in Provenance: Conventus novem ecclesiensis (early inscription on Ir; 17th-c. inscription on upper margin of same leaf, trimmed); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #135, acquired from Howell, 1985, probably from sale Butterfield-Swann, 25 Apr. 1985, lot 387). Folio (37.7 x 27 cm). 372 leaves, 60 lines, two columns, headlines, major illuminated initials on air, a4r, and Air in gold and colour with extensions, and on a4r a floral border along the bottom extending the length of middle margin in gold, other initials, paragraph marks and capital-strokes supplied in red or blue; paper repairs to final two leaves with minor loss of text, leaves trimmed affecting annotations on 1r and border on a4r. Seventeenth-century alum-tawed blindstamped pigskin with small scenes and profile portraits of prophets and other notables, spine with raised bands, red edges; a bit rubbed and soiled, rebacked preserving original spine. H *10292; GW M19215; BMC II, 417; Goff L-339; ISTC il The wide-margined broxbourne copy of the only dutch edition of the homiliae super evangeliis. Rare: only one copy could be traced at auction, 33 years ago, lacking both blanks and 16 leaves. ISTC lists many imperfect copies, only 16 complete: none in Belgium, only four in the Netherlands and four in the USA. The Father of Christian Worship, Gregory the Great (ca ) was familiar with the Neo-Platonic corpus ascribed to Dionysius Areopagita. He deals here with the struggle of the soul for light and freedom from the physical restrictions; and laid the foundations of Western Christian mysticism. Johan Veldener (fl ), of German origin, is one of the earliest known printers of the Netherlands. He was a draughtsman, punch-cutter and typefounder; probably a bookbinder as well. It is generally assumed that he learned his trade in Cologne, before printing in several places in the Netherlands, specializing in works in Dutch. Inspired by Flemish hands of that period, Veldener s types influenced type design for printing in the vernacular on both sides of the Channel. It has been suggested that William Caxton, also a Cologne guest, commisioned types from him for the first edition of the Chronicles of England. (see Holbrook Jackson, William Caxton, 1933). Provenance: Faded manuscript notes in Flemish dated 1629 on initial blank; Albert Ehrman ( ; armorial bookplate with motto Pro viribus summis contendo, bookplate of Broxbourne Library and monogram stamp inside lower cover, sale Sotheby s, 9 May 1978, lot 620, to Nico Israel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #106, acquired from Forum, 1988). Quarto (20.5 x 13.9 cm). 303 leaves (of 312, without ll. 51, 52, 134, 137, and the final blank), 24 lines, foliation (with errors), rubricated with 2- to 6-line initials in red or blue, paragraph-marks in red or blue, initial-strokes in blue; occasional light soiling and marginal waterstain. Twentieth-century crushed red morocco tooled in blind, spine gilt in compartments; lightly rubbed. HC 7954; GW 11424; BMC IX, 11; Goff G-422; ISTC ig ; IDL 2092.

33 24 AUGUSTINUS, Aurelius [Saint], Thomas WALEYS and Nicolaus TRIVET (comment.). De civitate dei. Michael Wenssler [and Bernhard Richel], Basel, [25 March] A crisp copy, with wide margins and in contemporary binding, of this celebrated text by one of the great Fathers of the Church, quoted more than 4,000 times by Calvin and second only to the Bible for the devotio moderna movement (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Scarce: only two copies could be traced at auction in the past three decades. This is the third commentated edition of Augustinus major work. The fourteenth-century commentaries by the Oxford Dominicans Nicolaus Trevet (c ) and Thomas Waleys (d.1349) were previously published by Mentelin at Strassburg before 1469 and by Schoeffer at Mainz in In all three edition, they are printed separately from the text, and, interestingly, all three editions are the first to be printed outside Italy. Wenssler however used a larger type for his impressive folio, and its primary intended use may well have been as a refectory book - unlike the smaller previous editions. All succeeding commentated editions of City of God were printed with surrounding commentary, and in smaller format. Quire [k] and the first three leaves of quire [1] are printed with the type of Bernhard Richel, also a Basel printer. Richel, Wenssler and Berthold Ruppell (the first Basel printer) had published together the six-volume Lectura super V libris Decretalium of Nicolaus Panormitanus (Goff P-45) two years earlier, and Wenssler and Richel apparently maintained a business relationship for this volume as well (M.Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: wide inscription dated 1627 mentioning the Polish brother Laurentius on penultimate leaf; inscription erased from first leaf; Messenger (armorial bookplate); illegible ink stamp to upper pastedown; J.R.Ritman (BPH bookplate, #27, acquired from Quaritch, 1988). Folio (47.2 x 33 cm). 247 leaves (of 248, without initial blank), 56 and 73 lines, two columns, variant on 1/2 reading libro and variant title on 22/1, incipits, colophon and printer s device in red, 3-line initials alternating red and blue, red paragraph marks and capital-strokes; first and last page a bit soiled, occasional light waterstain on upper margin. Contemporary pigskin over wooden bards blindstamped with roundels and lozenges containing single- and double-headed eagles, five-leaf rosette, fleur-de-lis, etc., brass clasps decorated with rosette; rubbed and scratched, some stains and wornholes, spine head defective. HC 2058; GW 2885; BMC III, 726; Goff A-1241; ISTC ia ; cf. PMM 3 (1467 ed.). 64 Shapero Rare Books

34 25 BONAVENTURA [pseudo-, i.e. Servasanctus FAVENTINUS]. Sermones de tempore et de sanctis. [Johannes de Vollenhoe], Zwolle, A large copy, with many deckle edges, of an unusual example of doppeldruck. The first edition of one of the earliest books printed in Zwolle by its first printer. Doppeldruck is the process when pages are set twice resulting in variant copies. Here, quires a-c, Q-V and the inner formes of D-K, N-P are the same in all copies, but the remaining pages exist in two settings (G. Kohlstedt, Einige Faelle von Inkunabel-Doppeldrucken, ZfB, 20, 1903, pp ). The printer is also recorded as Pieter van Os, who was associated (and had conflicting interests) with the Vollenhoe workshop. Usually ascribed to Bonaventura, like in this edition, these medieval sermons are now thought be mainly the work of Servasanctus Faventinus (d. ca. 1300). Provenance: Lucini---Roma abiit (partially illegible inscription on II/5); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #56, acquired from Rosenthal, 1988) Folio (29.5 x 20.8 cm). 340 leaves (of 344, without I/I, 2/I and 43/5,6, all blanks), 39 lines, two columns, some guide-letters, rubricated with initials, capital strokes and paragraph marks in red, early ms quiring in lower right corners, untrimmed; margins with toning, occasional marginal waterstains. Contemporary blindstamped calf over wooden boards, fore-edge with author s name; rebound preserving original leather of covers, clasps renewed, some abrasions and wear. H *3511 = HCR 3512 = HC 8976; GW 4810; BMC IX, 80; Goff B-948; ISTC ib ; IDL 968; Le Cinquième centenaire de l imprimerie dans les anciens Pays-Bas, exhibition cat. Brussels, 1973, p Shapero Rare Books

35 26 AUGUSTINUS [pseudo-] and Masellus BENEVENTANUS (comment.). Meditationes. Soliloquia. Manuale. Scala paradisi. De xii abusionem gradibus. [pseudo-] BERNARDUS CLARAVALLENSIS. Meditationes. De conscientia aedificanda. Epistola de gubernatione familiae. Rhythmus ad membra Christi patientis. [Johannes Antonius and Beninus de Honate, Milan, about ]. A beautiful copy of the only incunable edition of this collection, in a rare identified contemporary binding, very well preserved. It appears that this copy was bound at the Benedictine Abbey of St. Georgenberg, as a handful of other works (such as the Sexton copy of the same edition. See also Weale-Taylor, Early Stamped Bookbindings in the British Museum, 124-6). The small size of this volume reflects the character of its content. Meditation is an interior, personal activity meant to excite the will in devotion. It is individual. The meditations, spuriously attributed to St. Augustine and taken, if not always accurately, from his work, are prayers for understanding, guidance and salvation. They are meditations on the divine mysteries, the two natures of Christ, the Passion, the love of God for man, and the soul s desire for heaven and God. Heaven is the state of unceasing contemplation of God, and the individual s aim is to believe, to meditate upon, to understand, and ardently to thirst after God, [and ultimately] to possess Him (tr. G. Stanhope). Meditation is a guided effort reaching for spiritual improvement, and these works were instrumental in leading the individual towards that higher spirituality (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Scarce on the market: apparently only two complete copies selling at auction for over 35 years. Provenance: Benedictine Abbey of St. Georgenberg above Stans, Tyrol (inscriptions, partly erased, dated 1652 and 1659 on I/2r and 1659 and 1654 on 26/4v); London Library, the Allen Library (stamps, sale Sotheby s, 14 June 1966, lot 33, to Maggs); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #31, acquired from Breslauer, 1987). Octavo (19.4 x 13.7 cm). 185 leaves (probably printed in half-sheets), leaves 7 and 8 of the first quire misbound so that two gatherings are formed, the order being 1, 2, 7, 8, and 3-6, guide-letters, some initials supplied in red. Contemporary calf over wooden boards, blindstamped to an elaborate design of central diapered panel with double-rose, palm spray and cinquefoil in each lozenge, surrounded by Ave Maria scrolls, five circular brass bosses to each cover, two chased brass clasps, contemporary lettered title-label on front cover and 17th-c. lettered title-label in all four spine compartments, free vellum endleaves from a 15th century legal manuscript; spine repaired at head and foot, lower corners repaired, one clasp with leather tongue renewed; kept in a cloth slipcase. CR 733; GW 2970; BMC VI, 740; Goff A-1292; ISTC ia Shapero Rare Books

36 27 ORIGENES. Contra Celsum et in fidei Christianae defensionem libri. Georgius Herolt, Rome, January A complete, fresh and unsophisticated copy of the first edition of this Church Father, in a contemporary binding - rare such: only two other complete copies could be traced at auction in the past three decades, both in later bindings. One of only two dated productions from Herolt s press, out of an general output of four printings. Although BMC and Goff cite this edition as folio and quarto, all sheets in this copy are folio. Copies are also known with a dedicatory letter to Ferdinand of Aragon in place of that to Giovanni Mocenigo (for example in Bologna), and to Sixtus IV (at Oxford Bodleian, or the Vatican). Born in Alexandria and now considered a Father of the Church, Origen (also Origen Adamantius, ca ) excelled in multiple branches of theological scholarship. He wrote an abundant work, of which much is now lost, or known though other authors, in particular Eusebius of Caesarea, our chief witness to Origen s life. In 248, Origen wrote this Christian apology in response to the True doctrine of Celsus, a middle Platonic work defending ancient pagan religions from the corrupting influences of Judaism and Christianity. Ironically, Celsus work has survived only through Origen s Contra Celsum where significant passages of it are quoted (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Translated by Christophorus Persona ( ). Provenance: J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #145, acquired from Salloch, 1984, probably from sale Sotheby s NY, 14 Dec. 1983, lot 28). Folio (28.4 x 21 cm). 264 leaves, 33 lines, capital spaces at the beginnings of books, unrubricated, quire [d] misbound after quire [a] (also according to register); occasional foxing, later ms note to first flyleaf. Contemporary vellum, lettered along spine; a bit soiled, backstrip repaired, lacking ties; housed in a morocco-backed clamshell-box. HC (+Add) *12078; GW M28390; BMC IV, 126; Goff O-95; ISTC io Shapero Rare Books

37 28 Sermones sensati. Gerard Leeu, Gouda, 20 February Fine, complete example, with wide margins, of the rare first edition. The Sexton-Broxbourne-Abrams copy, and only one complete to appear at auction for over 40 years. ISTC lists only five copies in North America. Wrongly attributed to Sensatus, this collection of 49 sermons is preceded by two tables, one a summary of the messages of each sermon, the other the contents proper. The first table is supplied with keys in the form of letters which correspond to paragraphs marked by the same letters in the text. Provenance: Eric Hyde, Lord Sexton ( , shelf label and gilt brown morocco label, sale Christie s NY, 8 Apr. 1981, lot 72); George Abrams (booklabel, sale Sotheby s 16 Nov. 1989, lot 117, to Tenschert); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #205, acquired 1990). Folio (29 x 21 cm). 212 leaves (first and last blanks), 35 lines, 12-line woodcut initial on a1, variant BX (see ISTC), rubricated throughout in red, occasional guide-letters in blue. Nineteenth century half calf over speckled paperboards. C 5376; GW M41752; BMC IX, 34; Goff S-442; ISTC is ; IDL BOETHIUS and [pseudo-] Thomas AQUINAS (comment.). De consolatione philosophiae. Johannes Koelhoff thet Elder, Cologne, A very good copy, with very wide lower margins, of this rare edition of one of the most widely read and influential texts of western philosophy. The second printing given by Koelhoff, just a year after his first. We could not trace any copy of any of Koelhoff s editions at auction in the last half century. Johann Koelhoff the Elder (d.1493) set up one of the first printshops in Cologne, after arriving from Lübeck in 1472, via Venice, where he had learned printing from Wendelin von Speyer. He introduced the signatures of gatherings for the correct placement of printed sheets and later used the Venetian rotunda type. Provenance: J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #299). Folio (28.5 x 18.5 cm). 202 leaves (of 204, without initial and final blank), rubricated, 10-line initial supplied in red, blue and green, numerous small initials in red and blue; occasional light browning and soiling, stains on a7v and a8. Recent brown calf. HC 3375; GW 4531; BMC I, 225; Goff B-775; ISTC ib Shapero Rare Books

38 30 HYGINUS, Caius Julius [but Hyginus MYTHOGRAPHUS], Jacobus SENTINUS and Johannes Lucilius 31 SANTRITTER (editors). Poeticon astronomicon. Erhard Ratdolt, Venice, 14 October The first printed illustrations of the ancient figures of the sun, moon, planets and constellations: the attractive redgrave-honeyman-abrams copy of the first illustrated edition, the second overall, preceded by the 1475 Ferrara edition, which included blank spaces intended to be illustrated by hand. The attractive woodcuts in the present edition stayed in Ratdolt s possession and were re-used by him in his 1485 reprint and then in his 1488 Augsburg printing of Johannes Angelus Astrolabium. The traditional attribution to Hyginus (64 BCE-17 AD), librarian of the Palatine Library and friend of Ovid s, seems incorrect. The text would have rather been written in the 2nd century, by the same author as the Fabulae, therefore called Hyginus Mythographus. Provenance: Gilbert R. Redgrave ( , architectural draughtsman, bibliographer of Ratdolt in particular, and art historian, 1894 bookplate, annotations and extensive catalogue descriptions pasted at end); Robert Honeyman IV (gilt red morocco label, sale Sotheby s, 6 Nov. 1979, lot 1735, to:); George Abrams (bookplate, sale Sotheby s, 16 Nov. 1989, lot 69, to Tenschert); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #279). Quarto (18.5 x 14.2 cm). 58 leaves (first blank), 31 lines, title printed in red, 2-, 5-, 6- and 11-line woodcut initials, 47 half-page woodcuts of the constellation and planet figures, probably designed by Santritter; first page a bit darkened, very occasional light spotting. Nineteenth-century polished calf, ruled with spine lettered in gilt, sprinkled edges; extremities rubbed, housed in red cloth chemise and slipcase. HC *9062; GW N0374; BMC V, 286; Goff H-560; ISTC ih FICINUS, Marsilius. Platonica theologia de immortalitate animorum. Antonio di Bartolommeo Miscomini, Florence, 7 November Crisp copy of the first edition of ficino s most important philosophical writing. Rare on the market: apparently no copy offered at auction in the last 30 years. Tranlator of Hermes and Plato, Marisilio Ficino ( ) was the founder and for many years the spiritual head of the Platonic Academy of Florence. Shortly after having completed his corpus of Plato translations, Ficino finished the present Theologia, which he dedicated to Lorenzo de Medici, il Magnifico. Kristeller has characterised it as a summa on the immortality of the soul. At this time the immortality of the soul had not yet been asserted as a dogma of the Catholic Church, and immediately before the colophon Ficino wrote that here and elsewhere only so much is asserted as has the approbation of the church. Interestingly, the 7-page corrigendum to this edition demonstrates how much Ficino continued amending and correcting the work during the printing process by Miscomini. Provenance: Benedictines of Monreale (later ownership inscription on f10r); sale Sotheby s, 26 May 1983, lot 404, to Quaritch; J.R. Ritman, (BPH bookplate, #84, acquired from Gabler, 1983) Folio and 4to (24.9 x 18.8 cm). 318 leaves (incl. f9 blank and the final leaf of register), 33 lines, guide-letters, some Greek, unrubricated, some contemporary ms marginalia, the 4to sheets are (differing from BMC) x1,4; y1; dd3,4; ee2,4; ff1; gg2,4; occasional spotting and faint marginal dampstaining. Eighteenth-century Italian quarter calf over marbled boards, spine gilt with raised bands. H*7075; GW 9881; BMC VI, 637; Goff F-157; ISTCif

39 In the best possible variant 32 Biblia germanica. Anton Koberger, Nuremberg, 17 February A magnificently handcoloured and illuminated example of koberger s celebrated ninth german bible, in a contemporary binding. One of the most representative incunable productions, a beautiful achievement by one of the most successful printing entreprises of the time. It appears that Koberger issued his high German Bible at three prices: with cuts uncoloured; with cuts coloured; and with cuts coloured in a broader palette, and the major initials and first woodcut illuminated with gold leaf - like the present copy. While he based the text on the Zainer Bible, Koberger acquired the woodcuts from Heinrich Quentell in Cologne, who had used them in two royal folio editions of the Bible in Low German, c. 1478; it is supposed that Koberger had a financial share in the second of these Cologne editions. Six of the original Cologne woodcuts were lost by the time the blocks were exported to Nuremberg. Koberger nonetheless did a remarkable use of these illustrations, influencing subsequent editions of the Bibles up to 1522, as well as Dürer s 1498 Apocalypse. Although showing strong links with the creations of the Master of the Cologne Bibles and other Rhenish masters, the artist remain unknown. Provenance: Hans Dolchinger, 1524 (inscription in vol. II); Brno, Moravia (inscription on f.296 of vol. 2 catalogo inscriptus domus probationis societ Jesu Brunensis Anno January ); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #41, acquired from Tenschert, 1989). Two volumes folio (41.5 x 29.5 cm). 584 leaves (of 588 without final and 2 initial blanks), double column, 50 lines and headline, 109 woodcuts (from 108 blocks), woodcuts coloured by a contemporary hand, the first heightened in gold, 4 initials illuminated in gold and colours, 3- to 8-line initials in red, blue, green and purple with penwork decoration, rubricated with paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red; very occasional soiling. Contemporary calf over wooden boards, iron clasps, volume I blindstamped with pine-branch ornament, volume 2 with a similar ornament combined with a griffin motif; rebacked, some restoration to edges; housed in modern cloth clamshell case. H*3137; GW 4303; BMC II, 424; Goff B-632; ISTC ib Shapero Rare Books

40

41 33 HENRICUS DE HERP[F]. Sermones de tempore et de sanctis. 34 Peter Drach, Speyer, [after 17 January 1484, not after 1486]. BERNARDUS CLARAVALLENSIS. Meditationes de interiori homine. [Louis Martineau and Antoine Caillaut, Paris, around 1484/85]. Fresh, complete example of the first edition, in a scarce contemporary binding and preserving many deckle edges - rare such: although well represented in public holding, no complete copy could be traced at auction in the last 35 years. The Dutch mystic Henricus de Herp (d. 1477) was a rector of the Brothers of the Common Life in Delft and Gouda, where he encouraged book production in particular. He left aside his exploration of mysticism in his sermons concentrating instead on the explication of text and teaching through Scripture. [The third, for instance, De quatuor in quibus gula com-mititur, deals at length with drinking to excess.] Perhaps because of his reputation as a great preacher, Herp is mistakenly identified here as a member of the predicatorum. The mistake was caught during the press-run, and corrected in print in some later copies to minorum, This copy has the identification corrected in a contemporary hand, probably that of an employee in the printing shop (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Benedictine monastery at Asbach; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #110, acquired from Rosenthal, 1985) Folio (31.4 x 21.5 cm). 428 leaves, 48 lines, two columns, rubricated throughout in red with initials and capital strokes, leaves d1-3, 6-8, N3 and 6 printed on smaller (chancery) and untrimmed sheets, printer s device; light occasional spotting, slight worming at beginning and end, contemporary ms note to first and small ownership inscription to second leaf; occasional light marginal staining. Contemporary blindstamped calf over beechwood boards, ms title vellum on upper cover; rubbed at extremities, without central and corner bosses and clasps, joints cracked but firm, a few wormholes; kept in a cloth clamshell box. HC 8527; GW 12225; BMC II, 493; Goff H-38; ISTC ih ; Simon, Bibl. Bacchia I, 118 & Gastronomica 839. Lovely, complete copy of a very scarce edition of this work, not found in Hain, BMC and Goff. ISTC records two complete copies in institutions (Evora BPADE and RNL in St. Petersburg) and two more without the last leaf (Edinburgh and Vienna). GW was unable to confirm the existence of the last leaf present here, since it was lacking in the two copies then located (Vienna and Lübeck, apparently now lost). The printers however published at least six other editions, similar to the present one, between ca These meditations, to be distinguished from Bernard s consideration, investigate the nature of spirituality and also offer advice on combating sin and overcoming demons. It is usually attributed to St. Bernard or, less frequently, to Hugh of St. Victor. Provenance: Quaritch (note at end); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #37, acquired from Sotheby s, 19 May 1989, lot 54) Small 4to (19.4 x 13.1 cm). 16 leaves (last blank), 33 lines, 2- to 4-line initials supplied in red or blue, capital strokes in yellow wash, ruled in magenta; minor spotting in places, small rust or burn hole to margin of A3 and A4. Eighteenth-century olive sheep, covers with gilt fillet,, flat spine gilt in compartments, red morocco label lettered in gilt; a bit rubbed. GW 4027; ISTC ib ; not in Hain, BMC and Goff.

42 Ficino s Plato was a bestseller; it is a fame which succeeding ages have not diminished (pmm) 35 PLATO and Marsilius FICINUS (transl. and comment.). Opera. Laurentius (Francisci) de Alopa, Florence, [1484]. Ficino s Opus Magnus: first edition of Plato and first Latin translation of the complete works in any form, of great rarity. A copy with important contemporary provenance. Marsilio Ficino completed his translation of Plato s works in 1468, after having first translated Hermes, believed to be Plato s chief source (see No. 10 above). The translation circulated first in manuscript before being published in 1484 with Ficino s commentary and financed by Filippo Valori with Francesco Berlinghieri. Printed on two presses, each using a different type, the Opera were completed and delivered to Valori in sections, thus explaining the fragmentary state of most copies. This copy consists of those parts completed first: [Ficino s] compendium on Timaeus, Timaeus, Critias, De legibus, Epinomis and Epistolae. This copy is of particular interest as it once belonged to Franchino Gafori ( ) and contains his inscription with date of purchase and his marginal notes paraphrasing passages in the text. [Gafori was choir master at Milan cathedral and] also professor of music at the university of Pavia, a position unique in Italy up to that time. He had already published Theorica musicae in 1480, and it appeared in a second edition in 1492 after he had read and annotated this copy of Ficino s Plato. Its influence is evident in several passages quoting Ficino and Plato (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Very rare: we could trace only another copy, also fragmentary, appearing at auction in the last half-century. This seminal edition is well represented in public, particularly academic, holdings. In most cases however it is incomplete and consists of some gatherings, like the present copy. Provenance: Franchino Gafori (inscription at end: franchini gaffori musices p[ro]fessoris/ est his liber die vi maii 1489 emptus ); Biblioteca Lucini Passalaqua (bookplate removed); Adrianna R. Salem (monogram booklabel removed); J.R. Ritman (BPH binding, #158, acquired at Drouot, 28 May 1986, lot 18). Folio (25.5 x 20 cm). 160 leaves (of 562), two columns, 46 lines, headlines, marginal notes and diagrams in ink by a contemporary hand, margins trimmed by a later binder slightly affecting annotations, later endpapers. Collation conform with GW, apart from mm, there described as consisting of eight leaves, while ours is composed of six leaves and seems complete. Indeed the signature runs up to mm3, and the text runs on and is congruent with the text passage in a later edition we were able to consult. Recent crushed morocco by Hans van der Horst, Eenhoorn Bindereij, Amsterdam, for the BPH, ruled and lettered in blind, blue speckled edges, with matching clamshell box. H *13062; GW M33912; BMC VI, 666; Goff P-771; ISTC ip ; PMM Shapero Rare Books

43 36 OTTO VON PASSAU. Dat boeck des gulden throens. [Jacob Bellaert], Haarlem, 25 October First publication of these woocuts, by the first printer in Haarlem, famous for the quality of his publications and illustrations: [Jacob Bellaert] allait éditer un fonds essentiellement néerlandais d un niveau littéraire très élevé, et d un style plutôt luxueux. [...] [Ses publications] frappent par la particulière beauté des bois qui illustrent le texte (Cinquième centenaire, p. 283). These charming woodcuts appear here for the first time, with the exception of the device, first printed in Only four different blocks were used for the 24 impressions, each depicting an Elder talking to a kneeling woman, representing the soul, in a room with tiled floor. They are attributed to the Haarlem Woodcutter (Conway), also called the Bellaert Master, as his works appeared at first in publications of this printed. As Bellaert abandoned his printing shop in 1486, the master worked afterwards for Gerard Leeu, with whom Bellaert was closely associated. The same cuts were later used in six incunable editions of Bonaventura s Soliloquium in Dutch, all printed in Antwerp. Otto of Passau (fl ), was reader of theology at the Franciscan convent of Basel. According to the epilogue, he finished Die vierundzwanzig Alten oder der goldene Thron der minnenden Seele on 2 February However, the earliest manuscript of this work is definitely dated 1383 (Karlsruhe, LB, cod. St. Georgen Pap. germ. LXIV). An edifying work, it is a compilation of Scripture and patristic and pagan thought, grouped under 24 aspects of Christian life and faith, which Otto relates to the 24 wise men of the Apocalypse. In an acknowledgement beginning the book Otto names the sources, more than one hundred, from which he culled his anthology, and they include pseudo-dionysius, Origen, Eusebius, Augustine, Hugh of St. Victor, Macrobius, Plato, Pythagoras and Boethius. [...] Although Otto hides any of his own theological thoughts behind that of his many sources, he was apparently involved with the Friends of God (Gottesfreunde). [They] were a loosely organised group composed primarily of lay people sharing a similar mystical theology. [...] The way to friendship began in an ascetic life and ended in union with God. Among the chief adherents to the Gottesfreunde were Meister Eckhart, Tauler, Suso, and Merswin (M. Ford, BPH catalogue, and Anna Seesholtz, Friends of God, 1934). Otto s work enjoyed an enormous popularity with nuns in Germany and the Netherlands: more than 120 manuscripts in various dialects survived and six German incunable editions were published, as well as two Dutch, of which this is the second. Very rare: we could not trace any other copy selling at auction in the last 35 years. With a fine 19th-century provenance, including William Morris and John Pierpont Morgan. Provenance: Jules Capron,Ypres ( , Ypres, founder member of the Société des Bibliophiles in Belgium, armorial bookplate; his sale, Brussels, 1875); William Horatio Crawford of Lakelands ( , Cork, bookplate; his sale, London, 1891, lot 2297, to Quaritch); William Morris ( , his Kelmscott booklabel); Richard Bennett (1849-c.1910, bookplate); John Pierpont Morgan ( , leather label and withdrawal slip of the Morgan library); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #148). Folio (24.5 x 18.4 cm). [4], CXXXVII, [2], that is 140 leaves (of 142, without initial and final blanks), foliation with errors, two columns, 39 lines, 24 woodcuts from 4 blocks by the Haarlem woodcutter, printer s device, rubricated with initials and capital-strokes in red; rubrication a bit faded and occasionnally offsetting, a few contemporary notes. Modern brown morocco by Devauchelle, Paris, 1989, blindstamped in antique style, together with custom-made box. HC 12132; GW M28517; BMC IX,101; Goff O-125; ISTC io ; IDL 3463; Le Cinquième centenaire de l imprimerie dans les anciens Pays- Bas, exhibition cat. Brussels, 1973; Conway, The Woodcutters of the Netherlands, Cambridge, 1884, I, p. 65 and II, sect. 11, no. 1 and 4A; I. Kok, De Houtsneden in de Incunabelen van de Lage Landen, Diss. Amsterdam 1994, no. 11.4:1-4 (Elders) and 11.1 (device). 84 Shapero Rare Books

44 37 BOETHIUS. De consolatione Philosophiae [Latin and Dutch]. Arend de Keysere, Ghent, 3 May The first Dutch edition, one of only eight works in Dutch printed at the first press in Ghent. It is also the longest commentary printed for The Consolation. Rare: we could trace in recent years only the Broxbourne copy, sold at auction in Considered to be a masterpiece of Arend de Keysere (d. 1490), the prototypographer of Ghent, this is probably one of the most beautifully printed early Dutch books using two sizes of gothic type. De Keysere had previously set up the first press in nearby Oudenaarde in 1480 and was possibly associated with printing in Louvain before moving to Ghent. Boethius s text, which appears in both Dutch and Latin, is accompanied by an extensive commentary in Dutch. The commentator remains anonymous but was evidently associated with the chapter of St. Pharailde at Ghent where, he says in the preface, he deposited his corrected manuscript for the use and benefit (tot elcx nutscap ende profite) of all. A large section of the first page beginning each book has been left blank, apparently to contain an original drawing (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Library of the Academy of George Augustus (ownership and withdrawal stamps); Ilfeld Library (ownership and withdrawal stamps; inscription inked over on a3.2r); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #49, acquired from Karl & Hartung, May 1986, lot 190). Folio (36.6 x 25.7 cm). 356 leaves (of 360, without blanks a3.i, b6, ai, V8), 52 lines, two columns, headlines, some guide-letters, printer s device, rubricated in red, occasional marginal notes, leaf with title lettered by hand added, ms philological notes on front flyleaf; occasional staining, a few leaves with old marginal repairs. Eighteenth-century mottled calf, spine gilt in compartments with raised bands, gilt ruled covers, speckled egdes; rubbed and worn in places. HC 3400; GW 4574; BMC IX, 206; Goff B-812; ISTC ib ; IDL 908; Le Cinquième centenaire de l imprimerie dans les anciens Pays-Bas, exhibition cat. Brussels, 1973, 160 (ill.). 86 Shapero Rare Books

45 38 HUGO de SANCTO VICTORE. De sacramentis christianae fidei. [Printer of the 1483 Jordanus de Quedlinburg (Georg Husner)], Strassburg, 30 July First edition, in a very fresh, crisp copy attractively bound. This is the greatest work of Hugh of St. Victor (ca.1078/ ), an important mystic, whose writings and teachings from the Augustinian Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris became one of the foundations of Scholastic theology. As an ordered compendium of Christian theology, De sacramentis christianae fiedei is the precedent for all later Summae and it provides the foundations of Hugo s allegorical exegesis. Provenance: Benedictine monastery of St. Peter the Apostle at Oberaltaich (contemporary inscription on first leaf); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #120, acquired from Salloch, 1986). Folio (29 x 20.7 cm). 160 leaves, two columns, headlines, guide-letters, blind impressions on N6vb using part of headline and on k5b, k6b. 2- to 6-line initials, capital-strokes, paragraph marks and underlining supplied in red, most sheets in quires I, K, L and N unrubricated; minor marginal hole at beginning and marginal waterstain at end. Sixteenth-century pigskin over wooden boards blindstamped with central tool depicting crucifixion and IHS within sunburst on front cover and madonna with child in sunburst on rear cover, edges dyed green; a bit darkened and stained, without two fore-edge clasps. HC *9025; GW n0295; BMC I, 133; Goff H-535; ISTC ih PICUS DE MIRANDULA, Johannes. Apologia conclusionum suorum. [Francesco del Tuppo, Naples, after (?) 31 May 1487]. First edition: a wide-margined copy. Rare: no copy could be traced at auction for over 30 years, and ISTC records only three copies in North America (Dallas, Harvard and Lib. of Congress), two complete in the UK (BL and Durham), four in Italy (incl. two in the Vatican) and none in France. This is the second work of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ( ), Ficino s very gifted and short-lived younger contemporary. He wrote the Apologia in defense of thirteen of his nine-hundred conclusiones with which he had arrived in Rome the previous year to debate in public and through which he claimed to reconcile a multitude of philosophers and philosophical schools. The debate never took place, and Pope Innocent VIII condemned the Conclusiones upon publication (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Pico agreed in writing to retract, but he did not change his mind about their validity, and proceeded to write this Apologia. When the Pope was apprised of the circulation of this manuscript, he set up an inquisitorial tribunal, forcing Pico to renounce the Apologia as well which he also agreed to do. Provenance: Faded note on (a)2r: Bibl. Coll. [--]; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #151, acquired from Soave, 1987). Folio (28.6 x 20.5 cm). 60 leaves, spaces for Greek, woodcut capitals, early ms foliation, some marginal corrections or notes; light marginal staining. Modern vellum. H 13000?; GW M33291; BMC VI, 871; Goff P-635; ISTC ip Shapero Rare Books

46 40 GERARDUS ZERBOLD DE ZUTPHANIA. Tractatus de spiritualibus ascensionibus. [Ulrich Zell], apud Lijskyrchen, Cologne, [about 1488]. The Duff-Doheny copy of an unusually small incunable, issued from the press of the first printer in Cologne. Probably sold separately, this third edition is sometimes found bound together at the time with two of his other small formats, the Horologium by Bertholdus and Thomas a Kempis Meditationes. The Dutch mystical theologian Gerard Zerbolt ( ) was an early member of the Brethren of the Common Life at Deventer, a lay community formed from the Devotio Moderna movement, who led lives which renounced all worldly things. He describes the path leading to a mystical union with God, but not the experience itself. For him [...] contemplation, but not direct knowledge, of God is the higest attainable goal in life (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Gerard s work greatly influenced Ignatius of Loyola s Spiritual Exercises. Scarce: we could trace only another copy at auction in the last 35 years, in 1979, also in later morocco. Provenance: Early owner (perhaps a representative of the Devotio Moderna, inscription in lower margin of dd2r, chapter 18, lege et relege istum capitulum et invenies graciam ); Edward Gordon Duff, Nov (inscription and collation note, sale Sotheby s 18 March 1925, lot 404); Estelle Doheny (gilt red morocco booklabel, sale Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 29, to Kraus); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #90). Sextodecimo (10.8 x 7.7 cm). 119 leaves (of 120, without final blank), 22 lines, rubricated with 2- and 4-line initials, paragraph-marks and capital strokes in red. Nineteenth-century full brown crushed morocco by Fazakerley of Liverpool, all edges gilt, spine gilt with original strip rebacked. H 8931 (II) = 2995 (II) = HC 2995 (III); GW 10687; BMC I, 199; Goff G-175; ISTC ig ALANUS DE INSULIS. De maximis theologiae. [Jakob Wolff or Johann Amerbach, Basel, not after 1492]. Lovely crisp copy, dated by the rubricator, of the first edition of a summary of theological cosmology, written by a French 12th-century anti-scholastic theologian and also one of the foremost didactic poets of his day. Alain de Lille was a Cistercian, honored by his contemporaries as the Universal Doctor. He was born in Lille; he taught at Paris and Montpellier before retiring to Cîteaux. Alain attempted to give rational support to the tenets of Christian faith in his writings. He held that the mind unaided by revelation can know the universe, but by faith alone can man know God. Although his thought was largely Neoplatonic, he made use of numerous Aristotelian and neo-pythagorean elements. The mathematical and deductive method had an important place in the working out of his theology (Encyclpaedia Orbis Latini). Some bibliographers (Goff, GW, Proctor) ascribe this printing to Johann Amerbach. Provenance: WS, 1495 (rubricator s mark of three crossed arrows, initials and date on the first leaf in red, highlighted with yellow wash); J.R.Ritman (BPH bookplate, #4, acquired from W. Salloch, 1984). Quarto (19.6 x 14 cm). 40 ll., 32 to 35 lines, 7-line initial supplied in red with yellow-wash highlighting, some strokes in yellow wash; initial and final leaves a little spotted in places. Modern vellum. HC *389; GW 510; BMC III, 776; Goff A-181; ISTC ia ; Proctor Shapero Rare Books

47 42 THOMAS A KEMPIS. Imitatio Christi. [With] Johannes GERSON. De meditatione cordis. [Johann Zainer, Ulm], Fresh and interestingly bound copy of this bestseller of religious literature, the most widely read devotional manual apart from the Bible [and of] undeniable universal appeal (PMM). Zainer had already printed in 1487 an edition of the Imitatio Christi. This is a page-for-page reprint of it, but Zainer s name and place of printing are absent. Also absent in this reprint is the attribution made in the earlier edition to Jean Gerson. Had Zainer altered his opinion? [...] The work of Gerson, [himself very much attracted by the Devotio Moderna and Kempis instruction], is frequently found with that of Thomas a Kempis which, along with a shared spirituality, undoubtedly led to the attribution of the Imitatio Christi to Gerson. Curiously, Gerson s De meditatione cordis came to be so closely connected with the Imitatio Christi that it even appears in the 1494 edition of Thomas a Kempis s works (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Rubricator, 1488 (his date on first leaf, and possibly his signature per Johannis Cheselij ); Carthusian monastery in Gaming, Austria (contemporary inscription at head of the second leaf); Madeleine and Rene Junod (bookplate); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #186, acquired from Schäfer, 1987). Octavo (15 x 10.8 cm). [viii, the last blank], clxxxii, [2, blank] leaves, running titles and 22 lines, 3- to 4-line initials, some with extensions, rubricated with paragraph-marks and capital-strokes supplied in red; extensive contemporary ms notes on pastedowns and flyleaves in Latin, notes on rear pastedown in German, light spotting in places only, a few wormholes towards the end, final printed leaf with old repaired paperflaw to upper margin. Contemporary red stained goatskin over wooden boards, blindstamped with fleurons, perforated leather overlap extending from spine head and foot, brass corner and central bosses, single brass fore-edge clasp, paper label on front cover and lower spine, vellum end-leaves, the rear one a manuscript fragment; a bit restored, four metalpieces missing; housed in a modern green cloth drop-back box. HC(+Add) *9091; GW M46804; BMC II, 530; Goff I-13; ISTC ii ; cf. PMM 13 (1473 ed.). (Original size) 92 Shapero Rare Books

48 43 APULEIUS MADAURENSIS, Lucius and Joannes ANDREAE (editor). Opera. HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Asclepius. ALBINUS. Epitoma disciplinarum Platonis. [Bound with] Lucius Coelius Firmianus LACTANTIUS and Joannes ANDREAE (editor). Opera. I. Henricus de Sancto Ursio, Zenus, Vicenza, 9 August II. Vicentius Benalius, Venice, 22 March Fine gathering of Neoplatonic works related to magic, the last being heavily annotated and one of only six known books printed by V. Benalius in Venice rare on the market, as we could trace only two other copies selling at auction in the past 35 years. The only Latin novel to survive in its entirety. Apuleius works, here in their second edition 24 years after the first, include his best-known work Asinus aureus, sive Metamorphosis, that is The Golden Ass. Telling the transformations of a young Greek, the novel presents occult magic, ritual and Egyptian religion. It find therefore a natural place next to Herme s Asclepius, of which Apuleius was considered the translator. The only philosophical Hermetic work known in the West in the Middle Ages, Asclepius illustrates man s power to create. By combining plants, stones and other natural substances one may make talismans into which spirits are drawn, again attracted [...] by ritual, including sacrifices and hymns imitating the harmony of heaven. Interestingly, Lactantius works are also related to magic - linking it to cabala. The Word contains divine power for cabala, and Hebrew, the language in which God spoke, and its characters, are the most important means of effecting cabalistic magic (both quotes M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Monastery of Wetzlar (gift of D. de Biss, with 17th century presentation inscription); unidentified owner (modern booklabel, fist with arrows and motto esto memore conjugere ); sale Christie s, 8 Nov 1978, lot 109 (unrestored, with initial blank), to Thorp; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #22 & 132, acquired from Goldschmidt, 1988). Five works in two editions in one volume folio (30.9 x 21 cm). I. 177 leaves, (of 178, without initial blank), 38 lines and headline, printer s device; II. 140 leaves, 45 lines and headline; both with guide-letters, rubricated in red including a few text indicators in margin; marginal notes in Latin and Greek, extensive in II., ms foliation, occasional stains, more at beginning and end. Contemporary beechwood boards, blindstamped calf back renewed, contemporary lettering to upper board and fore-edge, two brass fore-edge catches without clasps. HC *1316 and *9816; GW 2302 and M16552 ; BMC VII, 1047 and V, 525; Goff A-935 and L-11; ISTC ia and il Shapero Rare Books

49 44 APULEIUS MADAURENSIS, Lucius and Joannes ANDREAE (editor). Opera. HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Asclepius. ALBINUS. Epitoma disciplinarum Platonis. Henricus de Sancto Ursio, Zenus, Vicenza, 9 August A fresh and tall copy of this second edition, published 24 years after the first, of which it is a close reprint. All three works are central to Renaissance humanism, and include the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety: Apuleius Asinus aureus, sive Metamorphosis [ The Golden Ass ]. They were edited, introduced and dedicated to cardinal Bessarion by Giovanni Andrea de Bussi ( Joannes Andreae, ), Bishop of Aleria and secretary to Nicolaus de Cusa ( ), a cardinal and one of the great geniuses and polymaths of the 15th century. Andrea recalls De Cusa, the most wise in the teachings of Plato and Pythagoras and commends Bessarion s own recently published defense of Plato, Adversus Platonis calumniatorem. The Albinus work, which [Andrea] includes on the grounds of its summary importance to Platonic thought, was translated by Petrus Balbus and dedicated to De Cusa for whom Balbus had undertaken other translations. Ficino, a great admirer of De Cusa and correspondent of Bessarion also recognized the value of Albinus s Epitoma and translated it himself, although it was first printed posthumously in 1532 (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Owing to a misreading, it was also ascribed to Alcinous, as in this edition. Provenance: Robert Finch (bookplate and withdrawal stamp; given to Taylor Institution, Baillol College, Oxford); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #21, acquired from Harper, 1982) Folio (32.8 x 21 cm). 178 leaves, 38 lines and headline, guide-letters, printer s device; occasional contemporary ms annotations to margins. Eighteenthh century vellum, gilt spine, red leather spine labels, split to front cover along joint. HC *1316; GW 2302; BMC VII, 1047; Goff A-935; ISTC ia Shapero Rare Books

50 45 BERTHOLDUS. Horologium devotionis circa vitam Christi. [Bound with] Thomas a KEMPIS. De vita et beneficiis salvatoris Jesu Christi devotissime meditationes cum gratiaru[m] actione. [And with] GERARDUS ZERBOLD DE ZUTPHANIA. Tractatus de spiritualibus ascensionibus. David de AUGUSTA. De exterioris et interioris hominis compositione Lib. II, 1 (de quatuor in quibus incipientes deo servire debent esse cauti). Johann Amerbach and Johann Petri de Langendorff, Basel, [not after ]. Lovely hand-coloured Sammelband in an attractive contemporary binding. Amerbach s production is noteworthy for its woodcuts. From the 36 printed in Bertholdus second Basel edition, seven are due to the Master of the Haintz Narr, and 23 are clearly inspired from the Cologne tradition, as found in Zell s 1488 edition. Intertwined with a text in different type sizes, they lead the reader and show, next to the Passion, the traditional key events of the life of Christ. Bertholdus was a Dominican of the mid-14th century, who first wrote his Zeitglöcklein des Lebens und Leidens Christi in his native language, German. They were however never published in the original German, but the Latin version (by the author himself) was first published in about 1488 at Cologne and enjoyed considerable popularity up to about 1510, mostly in Germany (see GW 4166 sqq.). Like in the present case, it often found bound together with the two other works. They were indeed popular devotional texts, in particular in the Devotio Moderna movement, a remarkable religious phenomenon of the late 14th century. Thomas a Kempis is probably the most famous name associated, as he wrote biographies of prominent members, Gerard Groote the founder, Florens Randewijns, John van de Gronde and John Brinckerinck. Provenance: Ludovicus Anetenwyl, 1569 (date purchase inscription on first title; monasterii s[ancti] urbani ); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, # , acquired 1990). Four works published in three editions (the last edition consisting of two works) in one volume octavo (13.9 x 10 cm). I. 65 leaves (of 66, without final blank), 30 lines, 36 near half-page woodcuts hand-coloured, 3- and 5-line initials in red or blue; II. 72 leaves, 30 lines, 3-line initials in red, II. 68 leaves, 30 lines, 3-line initials in red, all three works rubricated with printed guide-letters, paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red, margins ruled; occasional marginal soiling, I. with marginal notes washed on leaves a3-4, II. with tear in lower margin of last leaf mended without affecting text, old ms note on final blank and on front pastedown in same hand, III. with outer third of title page and lower half of last leaf renewed without loss of text. Contemporary blindstamped pigskin over wooden boards, spine in compartments, panel design with crossed diagonal rules and small floral stamps in central panel, brass bosses and cornerpieces, clasps and catches; a bit rubbed, lacking 3 of 8 cornerpieces, a few small tears and repairs on spine, housed in a green cloth drop-box. H *2990 = HC *2993 = H*8928, HC*10992 and *16296; GW 4175, M46915 and 10689; BMC III, 753 and 752; Goff B-506, M-432 and G-177; ISTC ib , im and ig Shapero Rare Books

51 46 AUGUSTINUS, Aurelius [Saint]. Explanatio psalmorum. 47 Johann Amerbach, [and Johann Petri de Langendorff], Basel, [not after 8 September] PICUS DE MIRANDULA, Johannes. Heptaplus de septi formi sex dierum Geneseos enarratione. [Bartholomeo di Libri, Florence, not after November 1489]. The fresh doheny copy of the second edition, following the very rare first, printed in an unidentified press around Under the influence of Ambrose, Augustine turned to the Old Testament, which he had rejected earlier as a Manichean, to find the authority of faith. Within the framework of the Psalms, expressing the individual s personal relationship with God, Augustine developed a theological explication which went beyond Biblical exegesis. According to Butler, the Explanatio psalmorum contains Augustine s most complete description of a mystical experience (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Carthusian monastery at Wuerzburg (inscription); Estelle Doheny (gilt red morocco label, sale Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 61, to Maggs); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #30, acquired from Quaritch, 1989). Three volumes folio (30.8 x 21.2 cm). 162 leaves, (of 164, without blanks ai and b8); 194 leaves; 192 leaves, two columns, 41 lines, headlines, guideletters, printed marginalia, vol. I with 8-line initial in green, violet, yellow, and grey on a3r, rubricated with six initials in interlocking red and blue, small initials and paragraph marks alternating in red and blue, capital-strokes and underlining in red; vol. I with tear in margin of g3, vol. III with paper flaw and tear to lower margin of 10/5 repaired. Eighteenth century tree sheep, spines gilt in compartments with red and dark green morocco labels, front covers with oval gilt centre piece with twin angels beneath the three of love and lettered Cartusiae horti Angelorum, oval gilt-arabesque stamp to back covers, edges dyed red, marbled endpapers; vols. I and II both lacking a spine label, light overall wear. HC 1971; GW 2909; BMC III, 751; Goff A-1272; ISTC ia The crisp Sexton copy of the first edition of one of only three of Pico s works published in his lifetime. Rare on the market: apparently no other complete copy at auction for more than 35 years. After his arrest in France and imprisonment in Vincennes, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola ( ) could move to Florence, under the protection of Lorenzo de Medici. Written in a villa near Fiesole prepared for him by Il Magnifico, Pico s Heptaplus links Christianity and cabala, and in turn, Hermetism, here in the context of creation, elaborates on the idea that different religions and traditions describe the same God. In a letter of 24 November 1489, Bartolommeo Fonzio thanks the editor Salviati - also mentioned in Pico s prefatory letter to Lorenzo - for sending him a copy; putting the publication date before 1490 (ISTC). Provenance: Sale Sotheby s, 17 June 1974, lot 45, to Maggs; Eric Hyde, Lord Sexton ( , shelf label and gilt brown morocco label, sale Christie s N.Y., 8 April 1981, lot 61 to Salloch for); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate loosely inserted, #152). Folio (26.4 x 20 cm). 57 leaves (of 58, without final blank), 29 lines, Lombard capitals, printed marginalia, spaces for Hebrew, 5-line initial supplied in brown ink; ms headlines and chapter numbers, early ms notation of author and title washed from first leaf. Modern dark green morocco by Gozzi, Modena, with elaborately gilt covers and spine to style, marbled endpapers, housed in dark green morocco clamshell box lettered in gilt, by Eenhoorn Binderij. HC *13001; GW M33319; BMC VI, 662; Goff P-641; ISTC ip

52 48 FICINUS, Marsilius. De triplici vita. [Antonio di Bartolommeo Miscomini, Florence, 3 December 1489]. First edition in a wide-margined example. Scarce: apparently only one complete copy sold at auction for over 30 years. A trained physician, the leading Florentine humanist Marsilio Ficino ( ) incorporates in this medical manual much astrological material and astral influence, for instance Saturn would induce melancholy. It was published when Pico della Mirandola was near Fiesole, where he composed, with Ficino s advice and praise, his famous attack on astrology Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinicatrium. Ficino s text combines medical theory with Neo-Platonic philosophy and exerted much influence in both fields, including Dürer s engraving Melancholia and, much later, romanticism. The authorial colophon bears the date 16 September 1489, Miscomini s edition being completed less than three months later, set from the [author s] archetype. This copy has an initial leaf blank, which would suggest a first quire of four leaves, not two as usually described in the bibliography. Provenance : J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #85, acquired from Breslauer, 1987). Folio (27.9 x 20.3 cm). 91 leaves (of 92, without [a]4 blank but with initial blank), table in two columns, 32 lines, guide-letters, printer s device, some contemporary ms marginalia and slightly later foliation, indicating the work was once part of a Sammelband; occasional isolated foxing, sometimes stronger, c8 with small oxidation hole in outer margin, slight worming to lower margin of last two leaves. Nineteenth-century half vellum over tan paper boards, spine lettered in gilt; a bit rubbed and soiled, front hinge weak and joint split. HC(+Add) *7065; GW 9882; BMC VI, 639; Goff F-158; ISTC if ; Wellcome 2.e Shapero Rare Books

53 49 BONAVENTURA [pseudo-]. Speculum vite Cristi [...] Myrroure of the blessyd lyf of Jhesu Cryste. [William Caxton, Westminster, ca ]. An extremely rare illustrated production of William Caxton, the first and most celebrated printer in English. In a spectacular Kalthoeber binding, with a superb line of ownership, including the 18th-century Caxton collector Ratcliffe, Earl spencer, Huth and Earl Beauchamp, who presented it at the 1877 Caxton Celebration exhibition. This fine production of Caxton s press is adorned with 26 woodcuts, showing in the first one the translator Nicholas Love (d. ca. 1424), a Carthusian prior in Yorkshire, with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Arundel ( ). Love translated this popular text into English before 1410, and it circulated widely in manuscript. Then attributed to Saint Bonaventura, the Meditationes is a spiritual narrative of the life of Christ and was in fact written by an anonymous Tuscan Franciscan, thought to be Johannes a Caulibus. Caxton might have seen a lucrative opportunity to tap into the demand, and published the Myrroure first in ca. 1484, with woodcuts probably ordered from the continent. However, only one incomplete copy at Cambridge and a few fragments kept in Lambeth Palace are known to have survived. The present second edition is a close reprint of the first. Of greatest rarity: 10 copies are known in public institutions, of which only half are complete, and only three without supplied leaves. ISTC records eight copies in the UK and two only in the USA, both complete but one with supplied leaves (Pierpont Morgan and Library of Congress, which is the other Huth copy (Sotheby s 21 Nov. 1911, lot 824) with three leaves supplied from the present copy). In the UK, one vellum copy is kept at the BL, one on paper in Cambridge - these are the only perfect examples. The Roxburghe-Spencer copy in Manchester contains the remaining leaves from the present example. All other copies are incomplete: in the BL and London Lambeth Palace, in Glasgow and in Oxford, where the Bodleian owns only a fragment of eight leaves. Provenance: John Ratcliffe ( , chandler and celebrated Caxton collector, sale Christie s, 27 March 1776, lot 1424bis, to Thane); Thomas Allen (sale Sotheby s, 1 June 1795, lot 1407, to Elmsley); George John, 2nd Earl Spencer ( ); Sir Francis Freeling ( , postal reformer, bookplate, sale Evans, 25 Nov. 1836, lot 420, to Rodd); Rev. Thomas Corser ( , bibliographer, sale Sotheby s, 30 July 1868, lot 470, incorrectly identified as the Roxburghe copy, to Lilly); Henry Huth ( ); Frederick Lygon, 6th Earl Beauchamp ( , bookplate, Caxton Celebration exhibition, 1877, no. 141); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #198). Quarto (21.4 x 17.3 cm). 145 leaves (of 148, without initial blank, c2, p6, s7 supplied in skillfull facsimile), 33 lines, running titles and marginal notes, 25 woodcuts (of 26, the one on c2 in facsimile), 1 repeat ; occasionally spotted, a few headlines and marginal notes cropped by the binder, g2-7 neatly repaired mainly in lower margins, portrait of Caxton tipped in on recto of blank leaf at beginning, t2 and t3 supplied from another copy, t2 remargined, last leaf extensively restored with device skilfully inlaid and completed in pen facsimile. Nineteenth-century blue morocco elaborately gilt by Samuel Charles Kalthoeber, London, with his ticket, Greek key border, leafy border and central panel surrounded by fan-shaped panels, spine in compartments gilt, all edges gilt, pink endpapers; front free endpaper detached and with 19thcentury ms note and later auction catalogue entry pasted down, joints rubbed. HC 3564; GW 4764; BMC XI, 172; Goff B-903; ISTC ib (original size) 104 Shapero Rare Books

54 (original size)

55 Doheny s illuminated complete copy in a Melk binding 50 ALEXANDER DE VILLA DEI. Doctrinale, pars I [II, III-IV]. Martin Flach, Strassburg, 19 July 1490, 5 February 1490, and The authoritative Latin grammar for three centuries: a fine copy, with initials in gold, red, pink, green and blue, in a fresh identified and contemporary binding; the Doheny copy from the Melk monastery, complete with all parts. Of great rarity: according to ISTC, all three parts of any Flach separate edition in are present only six institutions (Melk, Klagenfurt, Karlsruhe, Basel, Bratislava and Krakow). No complete copy in North America, not either of the Flach s editions of all parts together (six copies also recorded by ISTC, at the BL and in Basel, Austria and Germany). We could not trace any other copy at auction in the last 35 years; only a copy of the 1488 pars I 19 years ago and, 18 years ago, a copy of the 1493 partes III-IV, bound together with incomplete copies of Koberger s pars I and II. A very popular work, here with comments by Gerardus Zerbold de Zutphania. The Doctrinale, written in hexameters about 1199, was a standard Latin grammar for advanced students which very nearly divorced the study of Latin from the study of classical (pagan) literature. For the purpose of protecting pupils from the purported moral dangers of such reading, Alexander wrote many examples of usage himself. This approach to learning was in accordance with Gerhard s [Gerard Zerbolt of Zutphen] views as well [whose] glossa notabilis [...] was the most published commentary in Germany on Alexander s Doctrinale, and it highlights the moral and religious intents which defined education for both Alexander and Gerard (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Benedictine monastery at Melk (binding clasps, Catalogo Monasterij Mellicensis hunc librum inscripsi 1664 and shelfmark L.116, corresponding to the copy in Schachinger); Estelle Doheny (gilt red morocco booklabel, sale Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 25); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, # 7, 8 & 9). Three parts in one volume 4to (20.6 x 14.6 cm). 144, 130 and 52 leaves, headlines, lombards, guide-letters, multi-line initials on I-a4r coloured in red, pink and green with floral extensions on a background of gold with a blue border, on II-a5r coloured in pale pink, green and blue with extended leaf design, and on III-IV-a2v coloured in red, pale pink, green, blue and gold with extended leaf design, smaller initials and paragraph marks supplied alternately in green or red, capital strokes in yellow-orange wash on first pages only of quires b-i. Contemporary calf over wooden boards, blindstamped with vine-work, brass centre and corner pieces with floral decoration, spine in four compartments with five raised bands, single brass clasp stamped M M (Monasterii Mellicensis); spine a bit rubbed, head and foot defective, a few wormholes. H 752, HC *701 and HC *735; GW 1055, 1089 and 1192; Goff A-441, A-450 and A-453; ISTC ia , ia and ia ; only pars II. in BMC I, 150; R.Schachinger, Die Wiegendrucke der Stiftsbibliothek in Melk, 49. Jahresbericht des k.k. Stiftsgymnasiums der Benedictiner zu Melk, 1899, no (this copy). 108 Shapero Rare Books

56 51 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. De potestate et sapientia dei. [Maximus de Butricis, Venice, 29 July 1491]. The Bute copy, elaborately illuminated, of the fourth edition of the text of the Father of theology in the authoritative translation of Marsilio Ficino ( ). The first edition had been printed in Treviso in 1471 (see No. 10 of the present catalogue). Although now known to have been written by various authors in Egypt in the 2nd-3rd centuries, these 14 treatises were considered up until the 17th century to be the work of Hermes, an ancient philosopher-priest. His supposed genealogy, which is set forth here in Ficino s preface, placed Hermes before even Moses, and thus gave Hermetic texts an authority on which was based the Christian humanism of Renaissance philosophy. A rare edition: no other complete copy could be traced selling at auction for the past half-century. ISTC records only five examples in North America. Provenance: Marquess of Bute (probably John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess, , scholar, philanthropist and patron of the arts, sale Christie s, 15 March 1995, lot 284, probably to Quaritch, with pencil notes, for); J. R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #260). Quarto (19 x 13.7 cm). 26 leaves (final blank), 36 to 38 lines, illuminated with a3r surrounded by an elaborate frame of ornamental strapwork, incorporating two delicate medallions (bird and deer) carried out in ink, gold, blue, green and red, the initial of this page ornamented in matching style and colours, initials rubricated in red and with the occasional ornamental marking of headlines in blue, a few contemporary marginalia in ink at the beginning; frame on a3r a bit cropped by a later binder. Early 19th-century British black crushed morocco, spine with raised bands and lettered in gilt, ruled in gilt, all edges gilt, marbled endpapers; somewhat rubbed. HC 8460; GW 12313; BMC XII, 35; Goff H-80; ISTC ih (original size) 110 Shapero Rare Books

57 The germs of all ideas can be found in Plato (PMM) 52 PLATO and Marsilius FICINUS (transl. and comment.). Opera. Marsilius FICINUS. Platonica theologia de immortalitate animorum. Bernardinus de Choris, de Cremona, and Simon de Luere, for Andreas Torresanus, Venice, 13 August Attractive illuminated and rubricated copy, with wide margins in contemporary binding. The second edition of Ficino s legacy to Western cultural history, with the second edition of his Platonica theologia (see No. 31 for the 1482 first edition). It brings together the most important Renaissance interpretation of Platonism with the source texts in the translation of the interpreter, who made special effort to ensure the typographical correctness of this edition, in contrast with the first of Florence - which contained an errata list of twenty-six pages! Provenance : Sale Christie s NY, 20 Nov. 1981, lot 498; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #159, acquired from Dailey, 1984). Folio (30.8 x 21 cm). 448 leaves, 62 lines and headline, two columns, four 12- to 8-line initials illuminated in burnished gold with red or blue infill on grounds of combinations of green, red or blue, many other 6-line Maiblumen-initials in red or blue with penwork infill and flourishes in the margins, many 3-line chapter initials in alternating red and blue; some waterstaining, in particular at beginning and end, occasional soiling and worming, first initial smudged, a few marginal repairs. Contemporary blindstamped calf over wooden boards, panel design with roll-tools of stylised flowers in two frames, floral stamps in alternating frames and ropework in the central panel, two brass bosses and two non-matching clasps, manuscript title on fore-edge; partly rebacked and restored to style, endpapers renewed, housed in a half-morocco clamshell box. HC *13063; GW M33918; BMC V, 465; Goff P-772; ISTC ip ; cf. PMM 27 (first ed.). 112 Shapero Rare Books

58 53 PLOTINUS and Marsilio FICINO (transl. and comment.). Opera. Antonio di Bartolommeo Miscomini, Florence, 7 May A beautiful illuminated copy of the only incunable edition of the primary documents of Neoplatonism. With a fine chain of provenance. The works of Plotinus (ca ), the most important Greek philosopher of the late Classical period, were gathered by his disciple Porphyry, who organised the 54 treatises into groups of nine (Greek: ennea) or Enneads. He also wrote the Vita of Plotinus as an introduction. Ficino considered Plotinus the summus interpres of Plato. Encouraged by Pico della Mirandola, he translated the works from Greek into Latin from a manuscript discovered in the fifteenth century. He completed the translation in 1486 and his commentary in 1491, but his patron, Lorenzo de Medici, died one month before their publication. Ficino s dedicatory letter to him is an importvant document in the history of Florentine Platonism, as it describes his work on Plato and Hermes, on commission from Lorenzo s father, Cosimo. The publication of Ficino s work by Miscomini, a printer from Bologna who first established a press in Venice and then Florence, played an key role in the revival of Plato in the Renaissance. The translation was so influential that the Greek text was not published until Plotinus ignored Christianity, but elements in his thought were instrumental in shaping early Christian thought. The Plotinian triad, which consisted of the One (or the Good), the Mind, and the Soul, was one of the building blocks of the Christian Trinity, and the Contemplation that Plotinus describes was an important influence on Christian mystical thought. These concepts influenced the thinking of Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, who transmitted a Christian form of Plotinian ideas to Medieval, Reformation, and Counter-Reformation theologians (G. Campbell, The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance, 2003, pp. 624 f). Provenance: Earl Spencer (probably George John, , manuscript note on flyleaf: duplicate); Charles Barclay (gilt arms on covers, bookplate, sale Sotheby s, 17 Nov. 1916, lot 513, to Leighton for:); Charles Harry St John Hornby ( , Shelley House, Chelsea, booklabel and pencil notes on the binding work); Clifford Rattey (bookplate); J. R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #292, acquired from Christie s, 2 June 2004, lot 94). Folio (35 x 23.7 cm). 441 leaves (of 442, only first blank missing), 45 lines, printed guide-letters, woodcut printer s device, opening text page illuminated with a historiated initial depicting a scholar in his study and a border with classical ornament by a contemporary north-italian artist, threeto eight-line initials and paragraph marks supplied alternating in red or blue; early manuscript quiring partly visible, a page very lightly soiled, repaired small hole in last leaf affecting 3 letters. Nineteenth-c. red straight-grained morocco by Kalthoeber, with his ticket, gilt arms on covers, gilt turn-ins, edges gilt and gauffered, marbled endpapers; recased after 1916 by W.H. Smith & Son for St. Hornby. H 13121; GW M34374; BMC IV, 640, XII, 46; Goff P-815; ISTC ip [ref: ] 114 Shapero Rare Books

59 The basis for subsequent editions and illustrations 54 BIRGITTA OF SWEDEN [BRIDGIT, Saint]. Revelationes. Bartholomaeus Ghotan [for Wadstena Monastery, Lübeck, before 25 Nov] The earliest extant Latin edition of the Revelationes - the fine Broxbourne copy with contemporary provenance. Only two earlier editions are mentioned by GW, but only known from printer s waste, neither of which was completed. The present edition is known to have been printed for the monastery at Vadstena, the motherhouse of the Bridgettine order, from the Diarium Vazstenese, where it is stated that a priest, Petrus Ingemari, and a lay brother, Gerhardus, went to Lübeck in 1491 to see the edition through the presses. 16 copies of the Revelationes were printed on vellum as well as 800 paper copies. Printing was completed the following year, probably in the autumn, as the two returned to Vadstena on 24 November Gerhardus is described in the Diarium for 1487 as a German qui novit sculpere & depingere ( who knows how to engrave and draw ), and it is probable that he executed the superb woodcuts in this volume. Especially remarkable are the full-page illustrations composed of several smaller woodcuts combined with explanatory type-printed text. This system allows repeating the depictions of Christ and the Virgin Mary in heaven and of St Bridget receiving her vision, while the subjects of the revelations change. This illustration was of considerable influence, as a copy of the present edition served as a prototype to Anton Koberger for his reprint of the Revelatione in As far as their religious as well as artistic impact is concerned, the Revelations, literary bequest of St Bridget ( , canonized in 1391, founder of the Order of St Saviour or Bridgettine Order), are the most important representative of Scandinavian literature of the Middle Ages. Written and dictated in Swedish by Bridget herself, they were translated into Latin by her spiritual advisors. The most important portion of the text comprises revelations, in the narrow sense of the word, that are rich in ideas and that show an affinity to German mysticism. One theme pervades the entire text: powerful warnings are addressed to princes and to the popes concerning mostly the decadence of the church. Prologues of Magister Mathias of Sweden and Johannes de Turrecremata, the papal bull of Bridget s canonisation, and her vita complement the edition. Rare: often fragmentary in public institutions and only five copies in the USA (ISTC). We could trace three copies at auction in the last 35 years, none in the last 13 years: the Nils Rabenius copy (sold 1974), the present Broxbourne copy and the Trolle-Bonde copy (sold several times, last in 1998). Provenance: Johannes and Cunigunde Schwan (dated inscription on dd10v in. nomine Ihesu Christi filii Virginis Marie amen. Ego iohannes Schwan: coniux mea Cunigundis fecimus [?] per mea petitionem in Altomunster anno etc. 93 die proxima post assumptionis Marie [16 August 1493], the date 1493 occurs again in manuscript at the end of the Tabula ); Altomunster abbey (contemporary ownership inscription at end, partly shaved; note dated Altomunster 1651; binding stamped with abbey s initials A.M ); Broxbourne copy (Sotheby s, sale 15 Nov. 1977, lot 321); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #234). Folio (31 x 21.5 cm). 422 leaves, double column, 46 lines and headline, gothic letter, 16 (14 historiated, 2 ornamental) woodcut initials, woodcut printer s device and 15 woodcut illustrations: 4 full-page woodcuts, 1 half-page cut, and 10 full-page illustrations composed of 22 woodblocks and printed text; f.1 recto (blank) laid down onto flyleaf obscuring early inscriptions, some early mss notes and underscores, very little brown-staining, minor worming at the upper margins of the final leaves. German 17th-century blind-tooled pigskin over wooden boards, five raised bands, two clasps. H *3204; GW 4391; BMC II, 554; Goff B-687; ISTC ib Shapero Rare Books

60 55 GERARDUS ZERBOLD DE ZUTPHANIA. De reformatione virium animae. 56 Johann Amerbach, Basel, PANCIERA DA PRATO, Ugo. Trattati. [Lorenzo Morgiani and Johannes Petri, Florence, 15 December 1492]. First edition of Gerardus earliest work. A handsome copy of this small format incunable. De reformatione virium animae is, along with De spiritualibus ascensionibus [published earlier], one of the two main theological works of Gerard Zerbolt ( ), an early member of the devotio moderna and librarian to the Brethren of the Common Life at Deventer. [...] As in all of Gerard s works, the key to coming to God is humility, abstention from vice, practice of virtue, and prayer and meditation. Practical as the Brethren of the Common Life were, Gerard provides guide-lines for following these virtues and for meditative devotion to excite in the soul the love of God (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Uncommon: only two copies apparently sold at auction in the last three decades, both bound together with the same two other works. Provenance: Norbert de Vos (inscription dated 1827; pencilled note from the Arenberg collection ); J.R. Ritman, (BPH bookplate, #89, acquired from Rosenthal, 1989). Octavo (14 x 9.7 cm). 60 leaves, 27 lines, headlines, full-page woodcut on a1r with woodcut border surround, first 4-line initial in blue with red penwork extensions, other initials and paragraph marks alternating in red and blue, capital-strokes in red. Eighteenth-century tree calf, gilt floreated border to covers, gilt spine with leather label, all edges gilt; extremities and joints rubbed. HC *16291; GW 10698; BMC III, 755; Goff G-171; ISTC ig Prince d Essling s copy of this lovely work, scarce. ISTC records only six copies worldwide outside Italy and the USA, and we could find only two examples sold at auction in the past 35 years, the Schaeffer copy and an incomplete one. This is the second edition of this collection of mystic treatises in the vernacular, printed merely half a year after a local competitor (Miscomini) published the first. As the title indicates, it advertises its additional 14th tract as new material, as well as piu altre cose che non sono in quello primo (i7v). This claim was sufficient incitement for Miscomini to print that tract separately and append it to his unsold copies of his Trattati in order to keep up with the competition of Morgiani and Petri. Provenance: Victor Massena, Prince d Essling ( , bibliophile and bibliographer, gilt arms and cypher on binding); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #150, acquired from Schumann, 1988). Quarto (20 x 13.4 cm). 71 leaves (of 74, without blank i8 and [*]² with the table), 36 lines, a1r with large woodcut, a2r with ornamental woodcut initial, without Polain B 2983 variants; only very light marginal spotting, pressed at an early date. Nineteenth-century maroon crushed morocco by Lortic, spine with raised bands and initials in gilt, coat-of-arms in gilt on covers, inner dentelles richly gilt, all edges gilt and marbled endpapers. HCR 12303; GW M29282; BMC VI, 682; Goff P-26; ISTC ip ; Sander 5409.

61 57 BONAVENTURA [pseudo-] and Johannes QUENTIN (editor). Stimulus amoris. 58 Georg Mittelhus, Paris, 4 April BRUTUS, Jacobus. Corona aurea de anima. [Bound with] Hermes TRISMEGISTUS. De potestate et sapientia dei. I. Johannes Tacuinus, de Tridino, Venice, 15 January II. Damianus de Mediolano, de Gorgonzola, Venice, 10 May Fourth Latin edition of this text, which was very popular in the Low Countries and mainly in France ( L Aiguillon d amour divine ), where it was printed 11 times in 10 years. Scarce however: only two copies apparently sold at auction in the last three decades. In France, ISTC records only six copies. The Stimulus amoris is often attributed to Bonaventura but also to Henri or Bernard de Baume (Henricus de Balma). However, it was probably written at the end of the 13th century by James of Milan (Jacobus Mediolanensis). His text is the so-called Stimulus major but chapters were added to the work throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. Provenance: Minorite monastery of St. Francis (Cordeliers) at Dijon, 1731 (inscription); Dawson Turner ( , banker, botanist and collector, his note, bought at Paris, 1819); gift of E. Harvey to the Unitarian Chapel, Renshaw St., 21 Jan (inscription and booklabel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #58, acquired from Sinibaldi, 1988, from Sotheby s, 10 May 1985, lot 413). Small 8vo (13.3 x 8.7 cm). 136 leaves, 26 lines, some initials in brown ink to E6v, then guide letters; extensive ms text to first flyleaves, notes to title, corrections and highlights throughout, slight marginal browning. Nineteenth-century brown straight-grained morocco, spine lettered in gilt, covers with single gilt-ruled border, all edges gilt; extremities rubbed, upper cover detached. HC 3480; GW 4823; BMC VIII, 126; Goff B-965; ISTC ib Fresh copy in an attractive contemporary binding of the only incunable edition of Brutus work, very rare on the market, as we could not find any copy at auction in the last four decades. The author of Corona aurea, a theological treatise, was a teacher of dialectic and theology at the monastery of San Salvatore in Venice and a self-styled professor of divinae philosophiae. He handles at great length the immortality of the soul, presenting all natural and theological arguments of philosophers, poets and orators who have contributed to the subject (see M.Ford, BPH catalogue). De potestate et sapientia dei is here in the authoritative translation by Ficino, in its fifth edition, a reprint of the 1491 Venice edition by De Butricis. Provenance: J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #66, 115, acquired from Harper, 1981). Two works in one volume 4to (21 x 15 cm). I. 208 leaves, 39 lines and headline, white-on-black woodcut initials, unrubricated; II. 32 leaves, 29 lines, guide letters, spaces for Greek, rubricated with initials and paragraph-marks in red; some early ms corrections and annotations, light worming affecting text in both works. Contemporary blindstamped calf over wooden boards, central panel surrounded by triple-fillet borders and a foliate border, metal clasps and bosses; rebacked and repaired at extremities, new clasps, one boss absent, kept in a full calf folding box. HC *4026 and *8461; GW 5657 and 12314; BMC V, 531 and 543; Goff B-1262 and H-81; ISTC ib and ih

62 59 ANGELUS, Johannes. Astrolabium. Johannes Emericus de Spira, for Lucantonio Giunta, Venice, 9 June More than 400 hand-coloured woodcuts: an attractive copy, of German aristocratic provenance, of the only one of Angelus works (in 13 editions) to be printed outside of Germany. The second edition. The woodcuts are based on those of the first edition printed by Ratdolt in Augsburg in 1488, originally created for his 1482 Poeticon astronomicon, also present in this catalogue. They were however dramatically multiplied, since only 47 were used in While there is no direct link between Ratdolt and Emericus or Giunta, Ratdolt had printed in Venice, managing a successful shop, until 1487 when he returned to Augsburg. Emericus was also one of a number of German immigrants printing in Venice, and if he did not know Ratdolt personally, he would no doubt have known him and his books. In Augsburg Ratdolt implemented an extensive program of publishing scientific and mathematical works for which he employed Angelus as corrector to insure accuracy (M. Ford, in BPH catalogue). Angelus, or Johannes Engel (before ), was professor at Vienna and Ingolstadt. A mathematician, he was keenly involved in astronomics. An important astrological work containing tables of the sign and degree of the ascendent for each hour and minute [...] equations of the astrological houses [...] and nearly 400 illustrations showing the potential occupations and types of persons born under given auspices (Stillwell, The Awakening Interest in Scienc e, 51n). Provenance: Jesuit device on fore-edge; inkstamp with erased interior on title; Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha- Altenburg ( , gilt initial on front cover, dated 1777; ducal Library, Gotha, shelfmark on front pastedown); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #16, acquired from Tenschert, 1988). Quarto (21.3 x 14.5 cm). 176 leaves, 44 lines and headline, 420 hand-coloured woodcuts, decorative hand-coloured woodcut initials of varying sizes, mainly in blue, green, yellow and red, Giunta device on title, printer s device at end, underlined and rubricated in red, first leaf loose, f1 with repaired tear. Eighteenth-century half sheep over speckled boards, central crowned initial E gilt on upper cover dated 1777, fore-edge dyed red at an earlier date, with a partial Jesuit symbol; a bit rubbed. HC *1101; GW 1901; BMC V, 539; Goff A-712; ISTC ia Shapero Rare Books

63 60 LUDOLPHUS DE SAXONIA. Vita Christi. Anton Koberger, Nuremberg, Fine copy, illuminated, in a beautiful binding. This is the third and last Koberger s edition of this celebrated work (see No. 22 for the first, of larger format). Written in 1374, the Vita Christi is Ludolphus de Saxonia s (ca ) most important book. He was particular indebted to the Meditationes Vitae Christi attributed to Bonaventura: The Vita Christi comprises large sections of earlier theological, ascetical and mystical works. [...] The Meditationes vitae Christi were particularly significant for their exhortation to employ the imagination in meditating on the life of Christ, and this is taken over and enlarged upon by Ludolphus. He encourages the reader to imagine not only the words and actions of Christ but his physical being, his very countenance. The liberty taken in the Meditationes vitae Christi to extrapolate from Biblical fact is thus adapted in the Vita Christi to emphasize the new heightened stress placed on the humanity of Christ (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Ludolphus approach and writings remained popular throughout the centuries and greatly influenced the Devotio Moderna movement. It went through more than 30 incunable editions and later inspired Ignatius of Loyola.. A rare edition: we could trace only one copy, of lower quality without illumination, selling at auction in the last half-century. Provenance: Monastic male congregation near the Saint Elisabeth monastery of the Poor Clares, outside Brixen/ Bressanone, South Tyrol (contemporary two-line inscription at head of title); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #220). Folio (31.1 x 22.5 cm). 312 leaves, running titles and 67 lines, two columns, illuminated A2r with 6-line initial in gold and blue, heightened with white, fine floral border in blue, red, green and brown ink, rubricated initials throughout; marginal annotations in ink, initial and ultimate leaf with inoffensive fraying to margins, occasionalvery short marginal tears, light foxing in places, f3-f6 browned. Contemporary full tan calf over wooden boards, elaborately blindstamped, including a roll-tool of a stag hunting scene to front cover, brass clasps, eight embossed and ornamented brass corner-pieces, front cover with ornamental brass centrepiece, spine with raised bands; brittle and a bit rubbed, spine worn at extremities; housed in a clamshell cloth box. HC *10296; GW M19220; BMC II, 440; Goff L-346; ISTC il Shapero Rare Books

64 The Doheny copy of the first issue of an early Greek Aldus 61 THEOCRITUS. Eidullia HESIOD. Theogonia. [and other works, in Greek]. Aldus Manutius, Venice, February 1495 [1496]. First edition of twelve Theocritean idylls and Hesiod s Theogony : a fresh wide-margined example, with a fine chain of provenance, of an early production of Aldus Manutius. This is the first issue, with the text on Z.F5r in its uncorrected state. Late in the press run a manuscript was found which supplied lines missing from that particular idyll, and Aldus reset the two outermost sheets of quire F and all of quire G to correct the text. Next to Hesiod s Theogony and twelve idylls of Theocritus, the father of pastoral poetry who influenced Virgil and Milton, this is also the first edition of Theognis s Sentences of the Seven Sages and Heracles s Shield - as well as the first edition in Greek of Cato s Distichs, and the second edition in Greek of eighteen Theocritean idylls, Hesiod s celebrated Works and Days, the Phythgorean Golden verses and Phocylides. The present collection is on of the most interesting of all Greek Aldus editions, containing a wide variety of linguistic forms and packed with mythological or moralizing passages. It is as such of high interest for the educationalist and the history of humanism in general, and the beginning of the study of Greek language and literature in particular. According to the Latin dedication, Aldus published this compendium of Greek verse at the request of his former teacher, Battista Guarino, who wanted to lecture on the texts at Ferrara Aldus Manutius ( ) was one of the giants of the Renaissance and among its significant benefactors. He combined the gifts of scholarship and art with the capacities of a man of action. He was a tutor to princes who gave him financial support when, towards 1495, when 45, he set up his press in Venice. His primary purpose was to print and publish the classics in Greek and Latin. He was the first printer to produce small books in relatively large editions, which placed books within reach of a new generation of readers throughout Europe. His types - Greek, Roman, and italic - broke new ground and dominated European printing for two centuries. Provenance: Sir Rowland Hill ( , signature and armorial bookplate, Hawkstone Library sale, Sotheby s, 24 July 1888, lot 844, sale catalogue description tipped in on flyleaf); Charles George Milnes Gaskell ( , bookplate); Albert May Todd ( , the Peppermint King, bookplate); Estelle Doheny, gilt red morocco label, sale Christie s NY, 22 Oct. 1987, lot 106); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #181). Folio (30.2 x 19.5 cm). 140 leaves, 30 lines, Greek type with table, dedication and colophon in Roman type, first state with the uncorrected setting of quires Z.F and O.G., 38 woodcut floral or interlaced headpieces from 20 blocks, 40 woodcut initials from 20 blocks, ruled in red; light water-staining to upper margin. Sixteenth-century French red morocco, gilt arabesque centrepiece on covers, small gilt ornament in spine compartments, all edges gilt; a bit rubbed. HC *15477; GW M45831; BMC V, 554; Goff T-144; ISTC it Shapero Rare Books

65 62 DE CLUSA, Jacobus. Tractatus de apparitionibus et receptaculis animarum exutarum corporibus. TUNDALUS. De raptu animae et eius visione. Johannes GOBIUS. De spiritu Guidonis. Guillermus HOUPPELANDE. De immortalitate animae. Antonius LIBER. Epigramma in laudem urbis Coloniae. Hermann Bumgart, Cologne, 8 May Very attractive hand-coloured example of this rare edition of four works on ghosts, visions of afterlife in Ireland and immortality of the soul. ISTC lists 13 complete copies outside Germany, only three in North America (Houston, Yale and Lib. of Congress) and two in the UK (BL and Rylands). No copy could be traced at auction in the past 35 years. Each four work is preceded here by a lovely woodcut, one of which, of different composition, showing Tundalus der Sitter in full armour. They were copied from the series used by the Johann and Conrad Hist, printers in Speyer, to illustrate their editions of the Visio Tundali from 1483 onwards. The Visio Tundali is a 12th-c. elaborate text reporting the otherworldly visions of the Irish knight Tnugdalus during the journey of soul through Heaven and Hell. Brother Marcus, an itinerant monk, wrote this fantastic and religious tale in ca in the Scots Monastery in Regensburg; being Irish, he set the story in Cork, Ireland in The work became a very popular piece of visionary infernal literature, and more than 170 manuscript copies are now known. Jacobus de Clusa ( , also J. de Jüterbog) was a Carthusian of Erfurt and zealous reformer of the Church. He wrote about 80 treatises, mostly on theological and canonical subjects, and the present one deals with the condition of the human soul after death. It is accompanied by the dialogue-vision of Guido, attributed to the early 14th-century French Dominican Johannes Gobius (the source of the Middle English poem The Ghost of Guy ), and the Treatise on the Immortality of the Soul by Guillaume Houpppelande (d. 1492), a theology master at the University of Paris and canon of Notre-Dame. The last page hosts distichs in praise of the city of Cologne, asserting its superiority to Rome, Athens, Venice and Paris. Provenance : J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #271, possibly from Quaritch, pencil note, 2001). Five works in one volume 4to (19.6 x 13.6 cm.). 40 leaves (final blank), 46 lines, rubricated, 4 woodcuts with contemporary hand-colour, 5- and 6-line initials in blue with red flourishing, 2- and 3-line initials in blue and red; lightly annotated in an early hand, a few leaves at beginning and end reattached in gutter. Modern morocco gilt, extremities slightly rubbed. HC 15543; GW M10837; BMC I, 300; Goff J-24; ISTC ij (original size) 128 Shapero Rare Books

66 A superlative copy, de toute beaute (brunet) 63 RHODIUS, Apollonius and Janus LASCARIS (editor). Argonautika [in Greek]. [Laurentius (Francisci) de Alopa], Florence, A beautifully illuminated example of the first edition of Jason s epic quest for the Golden Fleece. One of only five known copies printed on vellum, in a fine dutch binding with a splendid line of ownership: Kämmerer von Worms-Dros de Boze-Cotte-Gaignat-Girardot de Préfond-Maccarthy Reagh-Spencer-Rylands. Before Gros de Boze the volume must have been owned by an unidentified Dutch connoisseur who commissioned the binding. The original owner was Johannes Kämmerer von Dalberg ( ), Bishop of Worms from He owned a number of fine incunables, including others printed on vellum, now widely dispersed. With the scholia of Lucillus, Sophocles and Theon edited by Lorenzo de Medici s librarian. Janus Lascaris (ca ), a Greek refugee scholar, not only edited the Argonautica but also designed the type used to print it. The work is also important for its first use of Alopa s second Greek font, with conventional minuscules, used for the surrounding scholia. His first Greek font used for the main text is entirely in majuscules, with a set of larger majuscules used as capital letters. Apollonius (fl. before ca. 200 BC), who succeeded Zenodotus [...] as director of the Alexandrian library, wrote this epic in four books defying his former teacher, Callimachus, who railed against the epic as a defunct and invalid form of poetry. Apollonius seems to have proved his teacher wrong and the Argonautica is one of the best surviving accounts of the mythical story of Jason and the Argonauts and the quest for the Golden Fleece on which all later versions are to some degree dependent (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Kämmerer von Worms family (arms in border on a2); Claude Gros de Boze (sale Paris, 1753, lot 832, but the sale did not happen, library bought by Boutin and Cotte, who sold some books to); Louis Jean Gaignat (sale Paris, 10 April 1769, lot 1532); Paul Girardot de Préfond (gilt red morocco booklabel; his library sold to); Count Justin Maccarthy Reagh (sale Paris, 1817, lot 2452, to); George John, Earl Spencer ( ); John Rylands University Library of Manchester (withdrawal bookplate, sale Sotheby s, 14 April 1988, lot 5, to Quaritch for); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #18). Quarto (23.2 x 16.6 cm). 171 leaves (of 172, without final blank), 31 lines, two Greek fonts, illuminated 3-line initial in gold on blue background with floral decoration and penwork on a1r, 4-line initial in gold and coloured with Florentine white vineleaf ornament on a2r, also full-page border on a2 with arms in lower margin, cameo author portrait in right border; border on a2 very slightly shaved. Eighteenth-century Dutch crimson morocco gilt, covers roll-tooled in gilt in a panel design with corner fleurons and large gilt centrepiece, spine gilt in compartments, edges gauffered and gilt, gilt inner dentelles added in France in the 18th century, vellum paste-downs; extremities rubbed, spine slightly faded. HC *1292; GW 2271; BMC VI, 667; Goff A-924; ISTC ia ; Van Praet, Vélins du Roi IV, 71 (this being his copy 3); Brunet I, 348, mentioning this copy. 130 Shapero Rare Books (original size)

67 64 JAMBLICHUS, Marsilius FICINUS (transl. and editor) and others. De mysteriis Aegyptiorum [and other works]. Aldus Manutius, Venice, September First edition of this collection of Neoplatonist works, all printed for the first time, uniting two great figures of classical scholarship in Italian Renaissance: Aldus Manutius and Marsilio Ficino. An example with an impressive chain of ownership, starting with the German humanist Pirckheimer and including J.C. Christie, whose large collection had a core of Aldine editions. Willibald Pirckheimer began collecting books as a student in Pavia and Padua where he was under instructions from his father to buy any works by Ficino for him; Willibald did send De triplici vita to his father from Italy in Pirckheimer himself was intrigued by the occult, alchemy and astrology. [...] Among his friends he numbered some of the greatest intellectuals of his time: Reuchlin, [...] Dürer, who designed a bookplate for him, Martin Luther, in whose support he himself was condemned by the Pope, and Erasmus. In light of the association of this copy of Iamblichus, Erasmus s description of his friend is of particular note: You are absolutely the rarest bird of this century, for you join extraordinary erudition with such a brilliant fortune, again, with such great friendliness and humanity (M.Ford, BPH catalogue). Ficino s original 1489 dedication of Jamblichus to Giovanni de Medici, the future Pope Leo X, congratulating him on attaining the cardinalate (at the age of 14), is here placed as a general dedication of the volume. The other works included by Ficino are: Proclus In Platonicum Alcibiadem and De sacrificio et magia, Porphyrius De occasionibus and De abstinentia, De somniis by Synesius, De daemonibus by Psellus, In Theophrastum De sensu by Priscianus Lydos, De doctrina Platonis by Alcinous (that is, Albinus), Speusippus De Platonis definitionibus, Pythagoras Aurea Verba et Symbola, Xenocrates De morte and Ficino s own De voluptate, written in Provenance : Willibald Pirckheimer ( , with his ms corrections to misprinted headlines, as indentified in catalogue entries tipped-in: Quaritch, Rough List 135, 1893, Sotheby s Nov and Sotheby s 5 April 1898, by descent to his son-in-law:); Willibald Imhoff (whose heirs sold in 1636 to); Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel ( , presented by his grandson Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, in 1667 to); the Royal Society (sale stamp at end of text, to Quaritch); William Copeland Borlase ( , sale Sotheby s, 21 February 1887); Richard Copley Christie ( , bookplate); John Rylands University Library of Manchester (inkstamp and withdrawal booklabel, sale Sotheby s, 14 April 1988, lot 44, to Quaritch, pencil note, for); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #127). Folio (31.6 x 21.1 cm). 185 leaves (of 186, without final blank), 37 lines and headline, initial spaces with guide-letters, one woodcut initial, rubricated and hand-coloured, initials supplied in red or blue with wash penwork, another woodcut initial hand-coloured in blue and purple ink, notes in two hands in the margins; occasional marginal spotting and worming, fore-margins of a4-b2 repaired. Later full crushed navy morocco gilt by Bedford, all edges gilt, binding rubbed at edges. HC*9358; GW m11750; BMC V, 557; Goff J-216; ISTC ij Shapero Rare Books

68 65 PICUS DE MIRANDULA, Johannes and Johannes Franciscus PICUS MIRANDULANUS (editor). Opera. Benedictus Hectoris, Bologna, 20 March 1496 and 16 July 1495[96]. Fine copy of the first edition of Pico s works, and of his first biography, owned by successive major bibliophiles and collectors. A prodigy of learning, admired by Ficino, protected by Lorenzo de Medici, censored by the Pope, Count Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was born in 1463 and died mysteriously in 1494, at the age of 31. He is famed for the events of 1486, when at the age of 23, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy and magic, which are a good example of humanist syncretism, combining Platonism, Neoplatonism, Aristotelianism, Hermeticism and cabala. Edited by Pico s 26-year old nephew, Giovanni Francesco ( ), the works contain in particular Pico s argumented attack on astrology, Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem, influenced by St. Augustine and Ficino. They also include the Heptaplus and the Apologia, both present in first editions in this catalogue, as well as letters and the detailed biography due to Giovanni Francesco and published here for the first time. Rare: only another complete copy could be traced at auction in the last 35 years. Provenance: Possibly Gian Vincenzo Pinelli ( , Paduan humanist and mentor of Galileo, note from:); Michael Wodhull ( , poet and translator, gilt arms on covers and bibliographic notes identifying this as Pinelli s copy and recording binding price, dated Jan 17, 1791); Richard Heber ( , bibliomaniac (Campbell) collector of approx. 150,000 volumes, Hodnet Hall sale Sotheby s, 11 April 1836, lot 2500); Severne sale, Sotheby s, 11 Jan 1886, lot 1984; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #153, acquired from Sotheby s NY, 2 Feb. 1985, lot 206). Two parts in one volume folio (30.1 x 20.6 cm). 319 leaves (of 176 and 143 respectively, with blank at end of part I but without blank at end of part II), 40 lines and marginalia, two leaves of errata at end, 3- to 8-line initial spaces with printed guides, woodcut printer s device at end of both parts; notes in a contemporary hand on first leaf identifying authors of the testimonia, light stain through quire QQ. Eighteenth-century red morocco (by Roger Payne?), spine gilt, arms stamped in gilt at centre of both covers; rebacked with original spine laid down, extremities a little rubbed. HC(Add) *12992; GW m33276; BMC VI, 843; Goff P-632; ISTC ip Shapero Rare Books

69 66 GREGORIUS I, Pope. Commentum super Cantica canticorum. [Bound with] Homiliae super Ezechielem. [With] Dialogorum libri quattuor. [And with] Pastorale sive Regula pastoralis. [Michael Furter], Basel, 1496 [I. 13 March, IV. 15 February]. Clean and crisp example. Rare: apparently no copy of any of the four editions sold at auction in the last 35 years. Second edition of this interpretation of the Song of Songs and a scarce collection of all four works, printed by Furter in 1496 in quick succession. The blind impression of the word canticorum on the first page of the Homiliae super Ezechielem indicates that those two works were printed at the same time (BMC). All four tracts were bound together in this and the Huntington Library copies; the British Library had a copy with three of them. Early references to it by Columban and Ildefonsus support the ascription to Gregorius. While the Homiliae and Pastorale express his personal thoughts on religious experience, the Dialogues, in keeping with their didactic intent, contain primarily the religious experiences of others which Gregory interprets according to his own understanding of church dogma (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Nathan Comfort Starr (bookplate); sale Sotheby s NY, 25 June 1982, lot 58; J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #104, acquired from Rosenthal, 1988). Four works in one volume 4to (22 x 15.8 cm). 22, 102, 58 and 42 leaves, 47 lines and double columns, headlines, 3-, 6- and 8-initials in red and blue, paragraph marks, capital-strokes and underlining in red throughout. Contemporary calf over wooden boards, blindstamped with quadruple fillets, two brass catches, vellum endpapers; some rubbing, corners bumped, lacking clasps, rebacked retaining most of the original backstrip, joint cracked but firm, housed in recent cloth box. HC *7938, *7946, *7966 and H *7988; GW 11415, 11427, and 11447; BMC III, 783 and 784; Goff G-395, G-425, G-407 and G-441; ISTC ig , ig , ig and ig PICUS DE MIRANDULA, Johannes and Johannes Franciscus PICUS MIRANDULANUS (editor). Opera. Benedictus Hectoris, Bologna, 20 Mar [but Jacobinus Suigus and Nicolaus de Benedictus, Lyons, not after 1498]. A counterfeit of the first edition of pico s works (see No. 65). The entire text, edited by Pico s nephew and biographer, as well as the full colophon are here reprinted, about two years after the original was issued. Jacobinus Suigus and Nicolaus de Benedictus originally set up a shop in Turin in 1490 and had moved to Lyons by They may have printed their books anonymously because a French imprint would make them less attractive to the lucrative northern Italian market (see BMC VIII, lxv). Scarce: ISTC lists only five copies in North America, and only two copies apparently sold at auction in the past three decades. Provenance : De Lahaulle Duchemin (contemporary inscription on first leaf); inked out ownership inscription in upper margin; Kenneth, Lord Clark of Saltwood ( , art historian, booklabel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #155, acquired from Quaritch, 1988). Two parts in one volume folio (29 x 20.4 cm). 151 leaves (of 152, without final blank) and 126 leaves, 42 lines plus headline, printed marginal notes, roman letter with some woodcut Hebrew and Greek, 2- to 8-line initial spaces with printed guides, one woodcut diagram, woodcut ornamental capitals; beginning and end a little browned or spotted, a few marginal wormholes towards end, final leaf with old repair to marginal tear. Early nineteenth-century speckled calf, black morocco spine label lettered in gilt, yellow edges, marbled endpapers; rubbed, rebacked retaining original spine, later label. C 12992; GW M33284; Goff P-633; ISTC ip Shapero Rare Books

70 68 PETRARCA, Francesco. Opera Latina. Johann Amerbach, Basel, The Fürstenberg-Friedlaender copy of the first collected edition of the Latin works of Petrarch ( ), often called the father of humanism. Edited by Sebastian Brant two years after his famous Narrenschiff. This edition was highly ambitious regarding both publishing and philological aspects. The printer and publisher Johann Amerbach (c ) is well-known for his friendly relationships to numerous important humanists, such as Johannes Reuchlin and Jakob Wimpheling, who were most interested in his editions of classical and humanist authors. A professor of law in Basel and a famous poet and satirist, Sebastian Brant (1457/ ) also collaborated several times with Amerbach s publishing house. He provided an Elogium for Petrarch on A1v and probably prepared and edited the texts of this edition, considered outstanding in its time. An enthusiastic Latin scholar, Petrarch actually did most of his writing in this language and covered subjects as diverse as pastoral poetry, introspective reflection, letters and self-help advice. Each work or section is here separately titled and signed, allowing some variation in the order of binding. The present copy contains the works as following: Bucolicum carmen - De vita solitaria - Pseudo-Petrarca: Dialogus de vera sapientia - De remediis utriusque fortunae - Secretum - De rebus memorandis - Invectivae contra medicum obiurgantem - Opus epistolarum : Epistulae familiares; Epistulae sine nomine; Epistula ad Carolum IV Romanorum regem; Epistula de studiorum suorum successibus ad posteritatem; Psalmi poenitentiales - De viris illustribus, with the continuation of Lombardus a Serico. - Benevenutus Imolensis: Libellus Augustalis - Alphabetical index of Petrach s sententiae. Provenance: Mourier, 1643 (ownership inscription to title, cancelled by a later owner:); Charbonier; Moutonnet de Clairfons (Julien-Jacques?, French author and editor, , his purchase note and comment on the edition on pastedown); Jean Fürstenberg ( , red morocco bookplate lettered in gilt); Helmut N. Friedlaender ( , booklabel); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #259). Small folio (26.3 x 18.5 cm). 389 leaves, 55 lines and headline, printed marginal letter-indexing, guide-letters; occasional slight foxing, minor worming towards the end. Probably 17th-century deerskin; rubbed, spine worn. H 12749; GW M31505; BMC III, 757; Goff P-365; ISTC ip ; Mary Fowler, Petrarch Collection Willard Fiske, p. 1f.; Speck, Bibliotheca Petrarchesca 3-4; Geiß, Herausgeber, Korrektor, Verlagslektor? Sebastian Brant und die Petrarca-Ausgabe von 1496 in Thomas Wilhelmi (ed.), Sebastian Brant, Basel Shapero Rare Books

71 From a chronicler to the other: a fine association copy 69 BERGAMO, Jacobus Philippus and Albertus de PLACENTIA and Augustinus de CASALI MAIORI (editors). De claris mulieribus. Laurentius de Rebeis, de Valentia, Ferrara, 29 April The beautiful Schedel-Fugger-Landau hand-coloured copy of the first edition of the first encyclopedia of women, one of the finest early Italian illustrated books and the first to attempt life-like portraits. The final seven portraits were indeed of contemporaries of the author and are of recognisable likeness. Unlike other woodcuts in the book, those used for them were not repeated. An Augustinian monk, Giacomo Filippo Foresti da Bergamo ( ) draws here from Boccaccio s own De claris mulieribus, but develops a different approach than choosing lesser known female figures to rediscover them for posterity. He rather makes a catalogue of important women in the history of humanity, including for example the lives of Joan of Arc, Pope Joan, Margaret Queen of England and Margaret Queen of Scotland - as well as mystics such as Birgitta and Catherine of Siena. The fine woodcuts appear here for the first time. They range from full architectural borders to the numerous portrait cuts of women. Although unidentified, two artists may be detected in the woodcuts, working in contrasting Florentine and Venetian styles. One woodcut border is signed S and dated This detail, coupled with the fact that Beatrice of Aragon, the book s dedicatee, died in 1491, suggests that the work was planned for earlier publication but then delayed. With a superb contemporary provenance. Bergamo s other work, the Supplementum chronicarum, was first printed in Venice in just 10 years before the publication of one of the most famous and best selling books of the 15th century, the Nuremberg Chronicle of Hartmann Schedel ( ). The present copy [...] is from the 15th century library of Schedel (R. Stauber, Die Schedelsche Bibliothek, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1908). [It was rubricated and foliated by him and sold by his grandson.] It was formerly the first in a volume containing two other works, the Polybius, Historiarum libri quinque (Venice, 1498), now in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, and Lupoldus Bambergensis Germanorum veterum principum zelus (Basel, 1497) (M.Ford, BPH catalogue). Provenance: Hartmann Schedel (Moor s head arms at base of each woodcut border, sold by his grandson, Melchior Schedel in 1552 to); Johann Jakob Fugger; Royal Library, Munich (19th-c. withdrawal stamp); Baron Horace de Landau (bookplate with monogram HL, sale Kundig, 25 June 1948, lot 19); Charles van der Elst (bookplate); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #126, acquired from Kraus, 1987). Folio (31.2 x 20.7 cm). 176 leaves, 45 lines and headline, printed marginalia, xylographic title-page, 2 full-page woodcuts within woodcut border, a second border framing first text page, 172 woodcut portraits from 56 blocks, one historiated woodcut capital M, ornamental capitals, printer s device, full-page illustrations, borders and first two portraits hand-coloured, woodcut capitals and lombards coloured alternately in red and blue, paragraphmarks in red or blue, capital-strokes and ms foliation ( apparently once including two blank preliminary leaves) supplied in red; some foxing to extreme edges. Nineteenth-century brown crushed morocco janseniste by Duru et Chambolle, 1862, spine with raised bands lettered in gilt, gilt inner dentelles, all edges marbled and gilt, marbled endpapers; lightly rubbed. HC(+Add) *2813; BMC VI, 613; Goff J-204; ISTC ij ; Sander 915; Brunet I, 787 ( édition bien imprimée et devenue rare ). 140 Shapero Rare Books

72

73 70 NEBRISSENSIS, Antonius Aelius. Vafre dicta philosophorum. [Printer of Nebrissensis Gramática, possibly Juan de Porras, Salamanca, ca ]. Tall example of this extremely rare first edition, not in Hain: only seven other copies known, listed by ISTC in Spain (Madrid, Toledo and Zamora), Italy (Bologna and Perugia), Uppsala and New York (Hisp. Soc.). Antonio de Lebrija ( ), professor at Salamanca and then at Alcalà, was the leading Spanish humanist and educator of the Renaissance. His Vafre dicta philosophorum was based on the Vitae et sententiae philosophorum of Diogenes Laertius; it is made up of brief prose notes on Greek philosophers followed by Latin couplets on each. It became popular and was printed in at least nine editions. Since a second part, a commentary by Nebrissensis, uses a type that Porras is not known to have possessed before 1502, Norton argumented that the present edition could be a post-incunable. This seems however to be a misapprehension: Nebrissensis commentary is to be seen as an independent edition, produced several years after the Vafre had been printed and sold. The commentary is known in only one copy in Toledo, where it is in a Sammelband containing inter alia also the Vafre, but the two works are not contiguous with each other. Provenance: Maggs catalogue 656, Bibliotheca Incunabulorum, 1938, no. 395; sale Sotheby s NY, 14 Dec. 1983, lot 3, probably to; George Abrams (booklabel, sale Sotheby s, 16 Nov. 1989, lot 8, to Quaritch, pencil note); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #286, acquired 1990). Quarto (20.5 x 15.2 cm). 30 leaves, 29 lines, single 4-line initial space with printed guide-letter, 3- and 5-line woodcut initials; early ms foliation and occasional annotations washed out. Full brown crushed morocco gilt by Riviere, all edges gilt; joints a touch rubbed. GW 2244; Goff A-911; ISTC ia ; Norton, A Descriptive Catalogue of Printing in Spain and Portugal , 1978, 463; not in Hain nor BMC. 144 Shapero Rare Books

74 71 ARISTOPHANES and Marcus MUSURUS (editor). Komodiai ennea [Comoediae novem, in Greek]. Aldus Manutius, Venice, 15 July Beautifully illuminated copy of Aldus edition princeps of Aristophanes comedies, the only complete plays from the old Athenian Comedy to survive up to now. With an important Russian provenance. A Greek scholar, born in Crete and linked with Venice, Marcus Musurus (ca ) translated and commented extensively nine of Aristophanes eleven complete comedies which reached us. Having consulted diverse manuscript copies, he selected and edited the scholia, also included. The two other comedies, Lysistrata and Thesmophoriazusae, could not be found complete and Musurus decided not to present them - the latter one was not published until The Moscow Theological Academy began as the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy in 1685, the first higher education institute in Russia, founded by the Greek Likhudy brothers, and then run by Fedor Polikarpov, the Greco-Slavonicist who ran a productive printing press. It merged in the late 18th century with the Theological seminary at the monastery of the Trinity-St Sergius and was closed down in 1918 by the Bolshevik government, at which point its treasures were plundered and sold. The Trinity-St Sergius Lavra is Russia s largest and most important monastery; it was founded in the 14th century and had an impressive library of books and manuscripts. Provenance: Pauli Terhaerii (inscription on title page); S.Thaumaturgi Sergii, Bibliotheca seminarii ad Lavrae ssta Triados (inscriptions on title page, i.e. the Library of the Ecclesiastical Seminary in the grounds of the Trinity-St Sergius Lavra, which became); Bibl. Mosk. Dukhovnoy Akademii (Library of the Moscow Theological Academy, ink stamp to title); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #281, acquired from Christie s, 26 June 1991, lot 48). Folio (30.5 x 20.6 cm). 348 leaves, 41 lines of commentary, Greek type, hand-coloured and illuminated woodcut decorative headpieces and 3- to 7-line initials, coat-of-arms within a laurel wreath supported by two cherubs and two (Aldine?) dolphins at foot of a1, rubricated, guide-letter, paragraphmarks and underlining; occasional ms annotations to margins, title leaf slightly soiled, decoration at foot of a1 a bit rubbed. Eighteenth-century mottled calf with central arms gilt, spine gilt in compartments with later morocco lettering-piece; joints cracked and weak, extremities rubbed, a few small repairs to spine, housed in calf-backed folding box. HC*1656; GW 2333; BMC V, 559; Goff A958; ISTC ia ; Brunet I, 451 ( édition belle et rare ). 146 Shapero Rare Books

75 72 FIRMICUS MATERNUS, Julius and Franciscus NIGER (editor). Mathesis (De nativitatibus). Marcus MANILIUS. Astronomicon. ARATUS. Phaenomena [in Greek and Latin]. THEON. Commentaria in Aratum [in Greek]. PROCLUS. Diadochus. Sphaera [in Greek and in Latin]. Aldus Manutius, Venice, June and [17] October Hand-coloured example, with a beautifully illuminated initial and lovely historiated decorations, of this important Aldine collection of classical astronomic texts, presenting the first edition in Greek of Aratus Phaenomena and Proclus Sphaera. The major extant work of the Greek poet Aratus (ca BC), the Phaenomena was popular in Antiquity and much translated. In his typical scholarly approach, Aldus publishes here, next to his own introduction, altogether three main Latin versions, due to Germanicus Caesar, Cicero and Rufius Festus Avienus - before the Greek text itself, surrounded with abundant Greek commentary. He also decided to enhances Germanicus text with lovely woodcuts, inspired from the influential Ratdolt s 1482 edition of Hyginus (see No. 30). Firmicus Maternus De nativitatibus, also entitled Mathesis ranks as the most comprehensive textbook of astrology of ancient times (Stillwell, Awakening, I:56). It The work represents popular traditions and sets out practical astrological method, citing Hermes, Orpheus, Abraham and Aesculapius as sources. It also comprises a defense of astrology, the effects of the planets, the moon, the signs, and horoscopes. Book VII is marked by undue attention to sexual and moral deviates (DSB IV, 622). After Bevilaqua s 1497 edition, this is the second of the text; since however Niger s dedication to Hyppolyto d Este is dated 1497 also, it seems that work was clearly well underway when Bevilaqua s edition emerged on the market. The present copy is annotated throughout by the councillor of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Marquardus Husen, showing him an intelligent reader engaging deeply with the text. Provenance: Husen and Hall de Suntheim families (contemporary inscription and arms on title); Christopher von Husen, canon at the cathedral church at Speier (inscription on pi6v recording his gift to Joannes Marquardus Husen juris consultus and councillor to Emperor Charles V, annotations throughout, including one noting an event on 24 April 1547); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #273, acquired from Christie s, 29 Nov. 2000, lot 49, possibly through Quaritch, pencil note). Six works in one volume folio (31 x 21.1 cm). 376 leaves, 38 lines and headline, 2- to 10-line initial spaces with guide-letters, Greek texts with 40 and 42 lines, opening text page (a1) illuminated with 10-line foliate initial in pink and ochre with burnished gold infill with damascene effect of scrolling fronds in yellow wash, polychrome foliate extensions, lower margin with a bird and arms in silver, orange and blue, woodcut diagrams, 39 astrological woodcuts, all with contemporary hand-colour, 6- to 8-line book initials in red or blue, often interlocking, with purple penwork decoration, occasionally historiated with a face or animal, 6- to 8-line polychrome initials with foliate decoration and historiated penwork extensions, 3- to 4-line initials in red or blue, paragraph marks and capital strokes in red, blue paragraph marks in headline; very occasional light spotting, small stain on title, a1 lower margin reinforced on verso and preserved by folding in, neat repaired tear in B3 and H7, sheet F2.5 browned. Early 20th-century vellum, spine lettered and with painted astrological design, green edges; damage to hinge, lower edge of rear cover bumped. H *14559; GW 9981; BMC V, 560; Goff F-191; ISTC if ; Sander Shapero Rare Books

76 An exceptional achievement with an exceptional provenance 73 COLUMNA, Franciscus [but Eliseo da TREVISO] and Benedetto BORDONE (artist; attributed to). Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Aldus Manutius, Romanus, Venice, December The Oronce Finé-Enschedé-Fiske Harris copy of the most admired of Renaissance illustrated books, a celebrated masterpiece of Italian art and typography, bringing together the Aldine mastery of type, illustration, design and execution (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). It is of utmost rarity to find a work which belonged to Oronce Finé, one the greatest minds of the early 16th century. Son and grandson of physicians, Finé ( ) was a significant and prolific mathematician and cartographer. His most important contributions to human knowledge were a close approximation of pi as well as a groundbreaking map of the world, represented for the first time in the shape of a heart. This cordiform map became very famous thanks to the frequent use by other cartographers such as Apian and Mercator. The work takes the author and the reader in fantastic poetical, artistic, magic and even alchemical journey through a dream-world of pyramids and obelisks, classical gardens, ruined temples and bacchanalian festivals, before gaining ultimate enlightenment at the temple of Venus. The unique title summarises the intrication of the text: it is a specific construction, based on Greek words blending dream, passion, struggle, antiquity, love, Polia (the author s love) and multiplicity. Interpretations among scholars have been many, up to Carl Jung s description of the black tulip in the midst of [Alde s] classical texts ; a recent investigation into explicative near-contemporary annotations written into a copy at Modena shows that it served as a sort of humanist encyclopedia. Recent scholarship ascribes the Hypnerotomachia to Eliseo da Treviso rather than Columna/Colonna, whose name appears in the acrostic formed by the woodcut initials. Provenance: Oronce Finé (inscriptions on first and fifth leaves; 18th-c. inscription about Finé in Dutch, maybe by); Johannes Enschedé (probably Johannes I or II, 18th-c. Dutch typographers and three generations of book collectors, sale Muller & Nijhoff in 1867, to); Caleb Fiske Harris ( , important American collector, armorial bookplate with motto Kur deu res pur tra ); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #72, acquired from Quaritch, 1984). Folio (30.3 x 20.2 cm). 233 leaves (of 234, without final F4 with errata and colophon), Greek and Hebrew catchwords, 172 woodcuts, including 11 full-page woodcuts, several hand-coloured in red, blue and yellow-wash, woodcut initials forming acrostic giving author s name; light occasional spotting, mainly marginal, a bit stronger at beginning and end, first leaf with erased inscription and repaired abrasions in places. Eigheenth-century French polished calf, triple fillet border to covers, spine with raised bands gilt in compartments, brown morocco label lettered in gilt, all edges gilt, marbled endpapers; paper shelflabel on spine partly gone, joints and spine extremities repaired, a bit rubbed and stained overall. HC*5501; GW 7223; BMC V,561; Goff C-767; ISTC ic ; Sander 2056; for provenance Rogers, Private libraries of Providence, Providence, 1878, Shapero Rare Books

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78 74 Illustrium virorum opuscula. [Containing] ATHANASIUS. De homousio contra Arrium. DIDYMUS ALEXANDRINUS. De spirito sancto. CASSIODORUS. Liber de anima [and] Diffinitiones plurimorum praestantium virorum. CYPRIANUS. De cardinalibus Christi operibus. André Bocard for Jean Petit, Paris, 28 June A crisp example with wide margins of the first appearance in print of all of these treatises showing Eastern influences on the Church and edited here by Simon Radin and Cyprianus Beneti. The first tract is attributed to St. Athanasius (ca ), one of the four great Doctors of the Church and celebrated for his leading role against the Arians in the first Council of Nicaea in 325. Dydimus the Blind (ca ), from Alexandria like Athanasius, was his follower, upheld the Neo-Platonic ideas of Origen, and argued for the pre-existence of the soul. One of his few works to have survived destruction, De spirito sancto exists only in this Latin translation - due to St. Jerome, one of his pupils Cassiodorus (ca ), a physical link between the eastern and western churches through his migration to Rome and then Marseilles, wrote Liber de anima shortly before his retreat to his monastery Vivarium. [Along the lines of his predecessors, he] proves the spirituality of the soul, arguing that it is not part of God but is everpresent in the body and that it is immaterial (M. Ford, BPH catalogue). With a typographical particularity: the blind impressions of large types on the first leaf of gathering g are bearer types, which were used by printers on typeset pages which were not filled with text, in order to prevent tilting of the typeset surface and thus uneven printing. These types were not inked in and only embossed the paper. Provenance: Clara and Irwin Straburger (gilt blue morocco label); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #122, acquired from Quaritch, 1989). Five works in a volume folio (27.4 x 19.5 cm). 58 leaves, 53 lines, printed marginalia, title with printer s metalcut device, 5-line metalcut initials throughout text, impressions of large letters at lower margin of g1r; slight browning to edges, more general on two central leaves. Twentieth-century reversed calf-backed paper-covered boards, raised bands to spine; extremities somewhat worn. H 1906; GW M27856; BMC VIII, 158; Goff A-1173; ISTC ia Shapero Rare Books

79 75 ORPHEUS. Argonautika; Hymni [in Greek]. [Bartolommeo di Libri] for Philippus Giunta, Florence, 19 September The Spencer-Rylands copy of the first edition of the Greek text. One of only four printed books in the Greek type used by Bartolommeo di Libri to print the first edition of Homer s works in 1488, which had itself been recut from the type Danilas used to print Lascaris s grammar in Milan in 1476 (Goff L65). Printing and/or editing is also ascribed to Benedictus Ricardinus, who was a corrector in Giunta s shop and is named in another work printed with this type (cf. ISTC). This is one of the most elegantly printed ancient volumes of Greek poetry with which I am acquainted [...] the scholar will rejoice that he is in possession of such a correct Editio Princeps [...] The present is a truly beautiful copy of this desirable volume; and is of such ample dimensions, that many of the leaves have rough fore-edges. It is bound in blue morocco (Dibdin, Bibliotheca Spenceriana III, p. 188). According to tradition, Orpheus was the son of Oeagrus, King of Thrace, and a talented poet and musician. This poem, drawing from Apollonius own Argonautika, is an account of his deeds during the expedition of the Argonauts from Thrace which he joined when Jason was told that only Orpheus music could save them all from the lure of the Sirens. This edition of the Argonautica contains short cosmogonies sung by Orpheus to charm the Sirens, but it also includes the first appearance in print of any of the Orphic hymns. Ficino, however, had known the hymns through manuscripts and had translated both the Argonautica and some hymns into Latin as early as Orphic hymns were performed at the Platonic Academy, often by Ficino (M. Ford, in BPH catalogue). Scarce: we could trace only two other copies sold at auction in the last 35 years. Provenance: George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer ( , gilt arms on covers and red morocco label lettered in gilt, sold in 1892 to:); Enriqueta Rylands, John Rylands Library, Manchester, 1894 (dated armorial bookplate, withdrawal label dated 1988 on final flyleaf; sale at Sotheby s, 14 April 1988, lot 61, to); J.R. Ritman (BPH bookplate, #146). Quarto (23.7 x 17 cm). 52 leaves, 28 lines, titles, woodcut headpiece and two capitals with vinework (Kristeller 307) on 1r and 26r printed in red, several leaves uncut; first leaf slightly spotted. Straight-grained blue morocco by Samuel Charles Kalthoeber, with his ticket, all edges gilt, three-line border, gilt arms in the centre of both covers, spine gilt with urns in compartments, marbled endpapers. HC *12106; GW M28424; BMC VI, 690; Goff O-103; ISTC io Shapero Rare Books

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