ARIZONA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY FOOTNOTES IN SBL STYLE: DISCUSSION AND EXAMPLES FOR STUDENTS OF ARIZONA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

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1 ARIZONA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY Titles which are too long for one line should be split into two (2) single space lines FOOTNOTES IN SBL STYLE: DISCUSSION AND EXAMPLES FOR STUDENTS OF ARIZONA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED TO DR JERRY BURNETTE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BIB 101 BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION BY BRIAN REED JANUARY 10, 2013

2 Paper margins throughout the paper: 1 for top, bottom, right, and left. There are five (5) single space lines between the top margin and the title. FOOTNOTES IN SBL STYLE: DISCUSSION AND EXAMPLES FOR STUDENTS OF ARIZONA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY Two (2) single space lines between paper title and first paragraph. Title is identical to that on the cover page. SBL citation style uses only footnotes, not in-text citations like MLA or APA styles. The first time a source is used, it must be cited with a full footnote citation (which includes all the available publication information). Every subsequent time the same source is used, it is cited with a short footnote citation of the same source. If the same source is cited several times in successive footnotes, the Latin abbreviation Ibid. [from ibidem in the same place ] should be used to indicate this. The box below gives some examples for the use of Ibid. When referring to material from the same page of the same source as in the previous footnote, use Ibid. (note the period). When referring to material from a different page in the same source, use Ibid., # (where # is the Using Ibid. in footnotes: 3 James D. G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul the Apostle (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1998), same source (Dunn), same page as the previous footnote Ibid. 5 Ibid., 101. same source (Dunn), different page than previous footnote 5 Roy B. Zuck The Role of the Holy Spirit in Hermeneutics, BSac 141, no. 562 (1984): same source (Zuck), different page than previous footnote Ibid., Dunn, Theology of Paul, 101. short footnote (every subsequent time) 8 Zuck, Role of the Holy Spirit, 33. different page number; note the period and comma after Ibid ). Ibid. only refers to the source which is identified immediately before it, and it is unaffected by page breaks, so the first footnote on a new page may use Ibid. it still refers to the source in the preceding footnote. A BIBLIOGRAPHY is included at the end of a paper starting on a separate page which must list all sources used in footnotes. Any Appendices should be included before the Bibliography. Page 2 number located at bottom center. 2

3 All other page numbers for the body of the paper located in top right corner. 3 Examples for all the kinds of resources ACU students will need to cite and the appropriate footnote and bibliography citations are found in the SBL Handbook of Style (SBLHS) starting in section 7.2 (page 46). Some of the more common types of resources ACU students might use are discussed below and examples are given for each. A chart illustrating all the main variations is included before the Bibliography. Two (2) single space lines before section heading. One (1) single space line after section heading. Citation of Books First-level section heading: bold, title case. Books written by a single author are cited in accordance with SBLHS 7.2.1; the first citation is a full citation, 1 the second and all subsequent citations are in short form, 2 which generally includes the author s last name, an shortened title (determined by the student), and the page number(s) on which the citation is found. Citations for books written by more than one author are found in SBLHS If a book is part of a series, the series information must be included as well in the full /first citation, 3 but it is not included in the short /subsequent citations. 4 In the example cited in the previous sentence, NovTSup is the abbreviation for the series Supplements to Novum Testamentum and the volume number is 34. The series name is always abbreviated in footnotes and is always spelled out in full in the Bibliography. The standard abbreviations used for all series titles, journals, dictionaries and encyclopedias is found in the SBLHS (starting on page 89), which identifies the abbreviation of a particular source and is alphabetized by the source (necessary for finding the proper citation for the source); the same list is found in Footnotes normally in 10pt font, using the same font as the body. Indent first line ½ inch 1 James D. G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul the Apostle (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1998), 100. Book by a single 2 author. Dunn, Theology of Paul, 101. One (1) line between each footnote 3 Donald Alfred Hagner, The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome (NovTSup 34; Footnotes are Leiden: Brill, 1973), 100. single-spaced. Book in a series. 4 Hagner, Use of the Old and New Testaments, 101.

4 4 SBLHS (starting on page 121) but is alphabetized by the abbreviation (useful if one is looking at a citation and wanting to know what the source is). Any source published after 1999 will not be in the abbreviation lists because that is when the SBLHS was published. For resources published after 1999, the student will have to make up their own abbreviation. Citation of Articles in an Edited Volume Some books consist of chapters written by different authors which are collected by an editor or several editors. Such articles in an edited volume are cited in accordance with SBLHS in both a full /first citation 5 and short /subsequent citation. 6 Note that the editors and the book title are included in full /first footnote citation and the Bibliography, but only the article author, article title, and page number are included in short /subsequent footnote citations. Citation of Journals Journals are cited in accordance with SBLHS , in both a full /first citation 7 and a short /subsequent citation. 8 As indicated above, the abbreviations for journal titles are found in SBLHS (starting on page 89) and (starting on page 121). Citation of Bible Dictionaries/Encyclopedias Bible dictionaries/encyclopedias are cited in accordance with SBLHS Some examples from the Anchor Bible Dictionary, full /first 9 and short /subsequent 10 forms, the International 5 Rudolf Bultmann, The Problem of Ethics in Paul, in Understanding Paul s Ethics: Twentieth-Century Approaches (ed. Brian S. Rosner; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1995), 196. Article in an 6 edited volume. Bultmann, Problem of Ethics in Paul, Roy B. Zuck The Role of the Holy Spirit in Hermeneutics, BSac 141, no. 562 (1984): Zuck Role of the Holy Spirit, 122. Article in a journal. 9 David L. Balch, Household Codes, ABD 3:318. volume 3, page 318. Article in the Anchor Bible Dictionary (a Bible Dictionary).

5 5 Standard Bible Encyclopedia, full /first 11 and short /subsequent 12 forms, and the Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, full /first 13 and short /subsequent 14 forms, are found below. For those sources which have multiple volumes (e.g. ABD, ISBE), the volume and page number, separated by a colon, must both be included, as, for instance in the ABD article by Balch which starts on 3:318 (volume 3, page 318). When multiple articles from the same dictionary/encyclopedia have been used, list only the Bible Dictionary/Encyclopedia editor s name in the Bibliography, but cite the individual authors and articles in the footnote. Citation of Theological Dictionaries and Lexicons Theological dictionaries/lexicons are cited according to SBLHS in both a full /first 15 and a short /subsequent 16 form. Note that in the short /subsequent citations, only the dictionary/lexicon title and page number not the article entry is used. In the Bibliography, only the theological dictionary is cited, not the author, article title or page range. Citation of Bible Commentaries Bible commentaries are cited according to SBLHS , and it is strongly recommended for students to read those sections and the discussion in the Student Supplement for The SBL Handbook of Style 1.3 (starting on page 3). Citing Bible commentaries can be very complex 10 Balch, Household Codes, 3: S. S. Bartchy, Slavery (In the NT), ISBE 4:544. Article in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (a Bible Encyclopedia). 12 Bartchy, Slavery (In the NT), 4: Craig S. Keener, Man and Woman, DPL Keener, Man and Woman, 585. Article in the Dictionary of Paul and His Letters (a Bible Dictionary). 15 Rudolf Tuente, δοῦλος, NIDNTT 3: Tuente, NIDNTT 3:594. Article in the New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (a Theological Dictionary).

6 6 because many commentaries are part of a series (either numbered or non-numbered) and/or may be part of a multivolume work, in which one volume contains commentaries on more than one biblical book by different authors, and may be in an edited volume. When collecting bibliographic information, it is important to distinguish carefully between the volume title, which is always italicized, and the series title, which is always in plain text whether they are abbreviated or not. Remember, the series title is always abbreviated in footnotes (as found in SBLHS and 8.4.2) and is always spelled out in full in the Bibliography. Some examples of commentary series for the book of Philemon include the New American Commentary, in full /first 17 and short /subsequent 18 forms, the New International Commentary of the New Testament in full /first 19 and short /subsequent 20 forms, and the Word Biblical Commentary, in full /first 21 and short /subsequent 22 forms. The Expositors Bible Commentary is a bit more difficult, whether in the original or revised edition, because it is a multivolume commentary and there are different commentators for each Bible book and several Bible commentaries are bound within each physical volume of the series. Treat it as A chapter within a titled volume in a multivolume edited work in accordance with SBLHS ; the full /first footnote form 17 Richard R. Melick, Jr., Philippians, Colossians, Philemon (NAC 32; Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman & Holman, 1991), Melick, Philemon, F. F. Bruce, The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians (NICNT; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1984), Bruce, Philemon, Peter T. O Brien, Colossians, Philemon (WBC 44; Dallas, Tex.: Word Books, 1982), O Brien, Philemon, 101. New American Bible Commentary. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Word Biblical Commentary.

7 7 for both the original 23 and revised 24 editions and the short /subsequent 25 form for both editions appear below. Citation of Study Bible Notes Study Bible Notes are cited according to the Student Supplement of the SBLHS 1.2 in both a full /first 26 and a short /subsequent 27 form. Study Bible notes are generally a bit too elementary for quality college-level research papers, and so students should seek to consult sources which go into more detail. Citation of Websites Websites are cited according to the SBLHS and the Student Supplement of the SBLHS 1.6 in both a full /first 28 and a short /subsequent 29 form. Citations should include the author s 23 Arthur A. Rupprecht, Philemon, in Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1-2 Thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon (vol. 11 of The Expositors Bible Commentary, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein; 12 vols.; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1978), 527. ; old edition 24 Arthur A. Rupprecht, Philemon, in Ephesians through Philemon, (vol. 12 of The Expositors Bible Commentary, ed. Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland; 12 vols.; rev. ed.; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2006), 630. Rupprecht, Philemon, 631. ; new edition Expositors Bible Commentary. 26 Clinton E. Arnold, Philemon in the ESV Study Bible (eds. Lane T. Dennis et al.; Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 2008), Arnold, Philemon, William W. Klein, Craig L. Blomberg and David Mathewson, New Testament Exegesis Bibliography 2012, 1 January 2012, < (9 January 2013). The Bibliography form would, therefore, appear: Klein, William W., Craig L. Blomberg and David Mathewson. New Testament Exegesis Bibliography January < (9 January 2013). Study Bible notes. Website. 29 Klein, Blomberg and Mathewson, New Testament Exegesis Bibliography.

8 8 name (if available), title of the webpage in quotation marks, the date the resource was published (if available), the most detailed stable URL available in angle brackets, and the date the student last accessed the website. Most websites are not acceptable for quality research, so students should be very careful when using internet sources in college-level research papers. Citation of Scripture Citation of modern Bible versions does not require publisher s information in either footnotes or Bibliography, according to the Student Supplement of the SBLHS 1.2. Instead, students should use an in-text citation in parentheses and include standard abbreviations for the Bible version (e.g. ESV, NIV, NASB, etc.; see SBLHS 8.2). If only one version is being used throughout the paper, include the version abbreviation on the first Scripture reference only. If more than one version is being used, include the version after each Scripture reference. Citation of Scripture should use standard abbreviated titles of biblical books (provided in SBLHS ) in parentheses after the cited verse. For example: Jesus wept (John 11:35 ESV). Miscellaneous Issues Related to Citation of Sources The following are some concluding thoughts regarding citation of sources in footnotes and the Bibliography. Firstly, if the title page of the source lists more than one city of publication, only the first city should be used in the Bibliography and footnotes. Secondly, if the city of publication is not well known, include the state abbreviation in accordance with the abbreviations in SBLHS (i.e. not the 2-letter postal code abbreviation, but a slightly longer abbreviation). Thirdly, the standard order of additional information, both within the parentheses () of a footnote and after the author and title information in the Bibliography, is as follows, depending on which are applicable:

9 9 (1) editor(s), (2) translator(s), (3) number of volumes, (4) edition, (5) series name (and series volume number, if appropriate), (6) city (and state abbrev.): publisher, date, (7) page number (for footnotes) 30 It is strongly recommended that students collect all of this information when they consult the source so they do not have to go back to find it. Fourthly, one footnote may include reference to several sources, if appropriate, but each source must be cited separately in the Bibliography. 31 Finally, some Bible Dictionaries/Encyclopedias abbreviate all or part of the article author s name. In such a case, there will be a list of contributors, usually at the beginning of the book, which will allow the student to get the author s full name. 30 An example which includes an editor, series, and city: publisher, date (the additional information is highlighted in bold) is: Rolf Rendtorff, Is it Possible to Read Leviticus as a Separate Book?, in Reading Leviticus: A Conversation with Mary Douglas (ed. John F. A. Sawyer; JSOTSup 227; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996), 34. This information appears in the same order in the Bibliography form below, though it is in a slightly different format: Rendtorff, Rolf. Is it Possible to Read Leviticus as a Separate Book? Pages in Reading Leviticus: A Conversation with Mary Douglas. Edited by John F. A. Sawyer. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series 227. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, An example of a footnote referencing several sources is: Cf., Richard E. Averbeck, Clean and Unclean, NIDOTTE 4: ; Gordon J. Wenham, The Book of Leviticus (NICOT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979), 18 20; Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 1 16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (AB 3; New York: Doubleday, 1991), ; Philip Peter Jenson, Graded Holiness: A Key to the Priestly Conception of the World (JSOTSup 106; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992),

10 10 Chart of Footnote/Bibliography Examples with Distinctive Features Highlighted Full/First Footnote Book with a single author SBLHS James D. G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul the Apostle (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1998), 20. Book with a 2-3 authors SBLHS William W. Klein, Craig L. Blomberg and Robert L. Hubbard, Jr., Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (rev. & exp. ed.; Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 20. *For more than 3 authors, see SBLHS Work which is part of a series SBLHS Donald Alfred Hagner, The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome (NovTSup 34; Leiden: Brill, 1973), 20. *Series abbrev. are found in SBLHS Article in an edited volume SBLHS Rudolf Bultmann, The Problem of Ethics in Paul, in Understanding Paul s Ethics: Twentieth-Century Approaches (ed. Brian S. Rosner; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1995), 200. Journal articles SBLHS Roy B. Zuck The Role of the Holy Spirit in Hermeneutics, BSac 141, no. 562 (1984): 120. *Journal abbrev. are found in SBLHS Bible dictionaries/encyclopedias SBLHS David L. Balch, Household Codes, ABD 3:319. *Dictionary/encyclopedia abbrev. are found in SBLHS Theological dictionaries/lexicons SBLHS Rudolf Tuente, δοῦλος, NIDNTT 3:20. *Theological dictionary/lexicon abbrev. are found in SBLHS Bible commentary in a series SBLHS Peter T. O Brien, Colossians, Philemon (WBC 44; Dallas, Tex.: Word Books, 1982), 20. A chapter within a titled volume in a multivolume edited work SBLHS Arthur A. Rupprecht, Philemon, in Ephesians through Philemon, (vol. 12 of The Expositors Bible Commentary, ed. Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland; 12 vols.; rev. ed.; Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2006), 628. Short/Subsequent Footnote Dunn, Theology of Paul, 20. Klein, Blomberg and Hubbard, Introduction to Biblical Interpretation, 20. Hagner, Use of the Old and New Testaments, 20. Bultmann, Problem of Ethics in Paul, 200. Zuck Role of the Holy Spirit, 120. Balch, Household Codes, 3:319. Tuente, NIDNTT 3:20. O Brien, Philemon, 20. Rupprecht, Philemon, 628. Bibliography Dunn, James D. G. The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, Klein, William W., Craig L. Blomberg, and Robert L. Hubbard, Jr. Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Revised & expanded ed. Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson, Hagner, Donald Alfred. The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome. Supplements to Novum Testamentum 34. Leiden: Brill, Bultmann, Rudolf. The Problem of Ethics in Paul. Pages in Understanding Paul s Ethics: Twentieth-Century Approaches. Edited by Brian S. Rosner. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, Zuck, Roy B. The Role of the Holy Spirit in Hermeneutics. Bibliotheca sacra 141, no. 562 (1984): Balch, David L. Household Codes. Pages in vol. 3 of The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Brown, Colin, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. 4 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, O Brien, Peter T. Colossians, Philemon. Word Biblical Commentary 44. Dallas, Tex.: Word Books, Rupprecht, Arthur A. Philemon. Pages in Ephesians through Philemon. Vol. 12 of The Expositors Bible Commentary. Edited by Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland. 12 vols. Revised edition. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2006.

11 Bibliography items are arranged alphabetically by the last name of author or editor. There are five (5) single space lines between the top margin and the title. Hanging indent Single Space. One (1) single space line after section heading. BIBLIOGRAPHY Arnold, Clinton E. Philemon. Pages in the ESV Study Bible. Edited by Lane T. Dennis et al. Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, One (1) line between each entry. Balch, David L. Household Codes. Pages in vol. 3 of The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Bartchy, S. S. Slavery (In the NT). Pages in vol. 4 of The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Edited by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. 4 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, Brown, Colin, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. 4 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, Bruce, F. F. The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, Bultmann, Rudolf. The Problem of Ethics in Paul. Pages in Understanding Paul s Ethics: Twentieth-Century Approaches. Edited by Brian S. Rosner. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, Dunn, James D. G. The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, Hagner, Donald Alfred. The Use of the Old and New Testaments in Clement of Rome. Supplements to Novum Testamentum 34. Leiden: Brill, Jenson, Philip Peter. Graded Holiness: A Key to the Priestly Conception of the World. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 106. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, Keener, Craig S. Man and Woman. Pages in Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Edited by Gerald F. Hawthorne, Ralph P. Martin, and Daniel G. Reid. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, Klein, William W., Craig L. Blomberg and David Mathewson. New Testament Exegesis Bibliography January < (9 January 2013). Page number for first page of Bibliography located at bottom center. 11

12 All other page numbers for the Bibliography located in top right corner. Melick, Richard R., Jr. Philippians, Colossians, Philemon. New American Commentary 32. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman & Holman, Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus 1 16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. The Anchor Bible 3. New York: Doubleday, O Brien, Peter T. Colossians, Philemon. Word Biblical Commentary 44. Dallas, Tex.: Word Books, Rendtorff, Rolf. Is it Possible to Read Leviticus as a Separate Book? Pages in Reading Leviticus: A Conversation with Mary Douglas. Edited by John F. A. Sawyer. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series 227. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, Rupprecht, Arthur A. Philemon. Pages in Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1-2 Thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon. Vol. 11 of The Expositors Bible Commentary. Edited by Frank E. Gaebelein. 12 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, Rupprecht, Arthur A. Philemon. Pages in Ephesians through Philemon. Vol. 12 of The Expositors Bible Commentary. Edited by Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland. 12 vols. Revised edition. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, Wenham, Gordon J. The Book of Leviticus. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, Zuck, Roy B. The Role of the Holy Spirit in Hermeneutics. Bibliotheca sacra 141, no. 562 (1984):