Fountas-Pinnell Level Z Informational Text

Transcription

1 LESSON 19 TEACHER S GUIDE Mysteries of the Phoenicians by Bette Frisk Fountas-Pinnell Level Z Informational Text Selection Summary Sailors, traders, resource experts, artisans: These were the Phoenicians, whose Mediterranean crossroads location made their ports the envy of nearby civilizations. Emerging around 1220 B.C.E., Phoenicia s city-states flourished until raids by Persians, Greeks, and others devastated the countryside, leaving scarce artifacts for today s scientists to ponder the mysteries of this once-great culture. Number of Words: 2,047 Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational text Text Structure Third-person narrative in short sections with headings and subheadings Bulleted questions help readers focus on what they will learn from the text. Content Phoenicians Rise and fall of an ancient civilization Ancient trade and record-keeping Themes and Ideas Geographic location and resources affect the development of a civilization. Many confl icts and wars are waged for economic reasons. To be successful, use your available resources wisely. Language and Sensory and metaphoric language: rich reddish-purple; As Egypt grew, Canaan bowed to Literary Features its terms of trade. Analogy: store location to location of Phoenicia Sentence Complexity Frequent appositional phrases set off with commas Many complex sentences Dashes and exclamations Vocabulary Many names of ancient peoples and places: Carthage, Malta Words Many challenging multisyllable words: unprecedented, dominated, inevitably, demolished, artifacts Illustrations Photographs with captions, map, chart Book and Print Features Seventeen pages of text Sidebars, timeline Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 1 1/9/10 5:04:53 PM

2 Mysteries of the Phoenicians by Bette Frisk Build Background Help students use their archaeology knowledge to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking a question such as the following: What object would you bury so people hundreds of years from now would know about you and your community? Read the title and author and talk about the cover illustration. Tell students that this selection is an informational text about Phoenicia, an important civilization that died more than a thousand years ago. Introduce the Text Guide students through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 3: Explain that little is known about this culture of traders and craftspeople, because few writings by Phoenicians themselves still exist. Suggested language: Look at the map on page 3. Why might Phoenicia s location have encouraged trading and craft making? Page 4: Explain that Phoenicians wrote on papyrus, or paper made from local plants. Ask: How does this suggest that the Phoenicians were a resourceful people? Page 6 7: Look at the statue and read the caption. Explain that the statue was made by an ancient artisan. Ask: What does an artisan do? Pages 8 9: Discuss the timeline on these pages with students. Phoenicia s citystates were independent and very successful. Notice how other groups attacked Phoenicia during the period from 800 to 64 B.C.E. Ask: Why might these groups have wanted the Phoenicians territory? Pages 12 13: Draw attention to the photo and caption on page 13. Explain that Romans destroyed the city of Carthage, including its famous library. Ask: Why do you think the author refers to Carthage as Phoenicia s Jewel? What would make a city valuable to a culture? Now go back to the beginning and read to learn more about the mighty and mysterious Phoenicians. Expand Your Vocabulary artisans skilled manual workers or craftspeople, p. 7 ironically in a manner contrary to what is expected, p. 18 mercenaries soldiers hired for service in a foreign army, p. 11 papyrus a writing material made from a tall, aquatic plant found in the Mediterranean, p. 4 terrain the surface features or topography of an area of land, p. 8 2 Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 2 7/24/09 10:52:45 AM

3 Read Have students read silently while you listen to individual students aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed. Remind students to use the Monitor/Clarify Strategy to figure out parts of the story that aren t making sense. and to find ways Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite students to share their personal responses to the selection. Suggested language: What did you learn from the text about the rise and fall of cultures? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help students understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text The Phoenicians were successful sailors, traders, and artisans who used their resources wisely. Phoenicia s ancient, independent city-states flourished. The easy-to-use Phoenician alphabet was modified for use by other groups of people. Wise use of available resources contributes to success. Sometimes others envy your prosperity and success. A written language is a trait of a developed culture Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. The author s tone indicates her admiration for the Phoenicians. The captions add useful information. The author includes many details about Phoenician culture to support the idea that the culture was highly developed and successful. Choices for Further Support Fluency Invite students to choose a passage from the text to read aloud. Remind them to read phrases, rather than individual words, for a more natural tone that expresses the author s meaning. Comprehension Based on your observations of the students reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas. Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that many English words come from Latin roots. For example, the word artisan (page 7) is formed from the Latin word ars, or art. Other forms of this Latin word, such as artis (meaning of the art or art s ) and artire (meaning to instruct in the arts ) are even closer to the English word in structure. 3 Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 3 11/16/09 5:12:03 PM

4 Writing about Reading Have students complete the questions on BLM Responding Have students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill. Target Comprehension Skill Cause and Effect Remind students that they can use cause and effect to connect events in a text. Model how to add details to the Graphic Organizer, using a Think Aloud like the one below: Think Aloud The text reveals that the Phoenicians wise use of local resources together with their location at the crossroads of the region caused the civilization to grow and prosper. Page 11 states that the frequent raids by enemies caused the Phoenicians to create colonies to the west. List these details as causes and effects in the Graphic Organizer. Practice the Skill Have students share an example of another selection or text in which one or more factors cause the success of a character or group. Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the Text Have students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use their personal knowledge to reach new understandings. Assessment Prompts What does the word biased mean in the sentence Much of what we know of the Phoenicians comes from biased accounts written by their enemies? How would you describe the narrator s tone in the second paragraph of the selection? What caused the Phoenician language to die out? 4 Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 4 11/16/09 5:12:17 PM

5 English Language Development Reading Support Have students listen to the audio or online recordings. Make sure the text matches the students reading level. Language and content should be accessible with regular teaching support. Idioms The text includes many idioms that might be unfamiliar. Explain the meaning of expressions such as back on their feet and dusted themselves off (page 11). Oral Language Development Check student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students English proficiency. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student. Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: What is the topic of the text? Speaker 2: the Phoenicians Speaker 1: When did the Phoenician civilization exist? Speaker 2: from 1200 B.C.E. to 64 B.C.E. Speaker 1: What kind of Phoenician soldiers entered the conflict against Greece? Speaker 2: mercenaries Speaker 1: Why was the Phoenician alphabet popular? Speaker 2: The alphabet was easier than other writing systems. It could be easily adapted to other languages. Speaker 1: Why do few Phoenician writings exist today? Speaker 2: Many writings were destroyed by fire or damaged by humidity. Speaker 1: How did Phoenicians benefit from the Mediterranean Sea? Speaker 2: Many of the foods in the Phoenicians diet came from the sea. The Phoenicians also traveled the sea to trade their goods and used their navy to protect colonies such as Carthage. Name Date Lesson 19 BLACKLINE MASTER 19.9 Read and answer the questions. Possible responses shown. Mysteries of the Phoenicians 1. Think within the text Why did the Egyptian papyrus records survive while the Phoenician records did not? The dry Egyptian climate helped preserve the papyrus. The Phoenician climate was humid and probably caused the records to decay. 2. Think within the text What made Carthage wealthy? Silver from North Africa and southern Spain made Carthage wealthy. 3. Think beyond the text What effect did the Phoenician alphabet have on the preservation of Greek culture? The Phoenician alphabet was adopted by the Greeks and enabled them to preserve their classical ideals and ideas of democracy. 4. Think about the text What do you think was the most important reason the Phoenicians were successful and accomplished? The Phoenicians made good use of resources, were in a good location, and were successful in trading. Making Connections Most of the Phoenician records were destroyed. Write a short record of what you think a day in the life of a Phoenician may have been like. Use details from the selection to illustrate your record. Write your answer in your Reader s Notebook.. All rights reserved. 11, Unit 4: Treasures of the Ancient World 5 Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 5 1/8/10 8:53:22 PM

6 Name Date Mysteries of the Phoenicians Thinking Beyond the Text Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in two or three paragraphs. Remember that when you think beyond the text, you use your personal knowledge to reach new understandings. On page 9, the narrator says: Although Phoenicians shared a culture, they did not think of themselves as belonging to a nation. What does this statement mean? How do you think their fate might have changed if Phoenicians had thought of themselves as a nation? Use details from the text to support your response. 6 Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 6 7/24/09 10:52:48 AM

7 Name Read and answer the questions. Date Lesson 19 BLACKLINE MASTER 19.9 Mysteries of the Phoenicians 1. Think within the text Why did the Egyptian papyrus records survive while the Phoenician records did not? 2. Think within the text What made Carthage wealthy? 3. Think beyond the text What effect did the Phoenician alphabet have on the preservation of Greek culture? 4. Think about the text What do you think was the most important reason the Phoenicians were successful and accomplished? Making Connections Most of the Phoenician records were destroyed. Write a short record of what you think a day in the life of a Phoenician may have been like. Use details from the selection to illustrate your record. Write your answer in your Reader s Notebook. 7 Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 7 1/8/10 8:53:43 PM

8 Student Date Mysteries of the Phoenicians LEVEL Z Lesson 19 BLACKLINE MASTER Mysteries of the Phoenicians Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 2 The Phoenicians settled and colonized seaports and cities all over the Mediterranean region. Goods made and traded by Phoenicians have been found as far away as the British Isles. Their unprecedented skills as sailors and merchants set the Phoenicians apart from the traders that came before them. Their reign over Mediterranean trade lasted for nearly one thousand years. 3 Over time, the Phoenicians seemed to have faded from history. Compared to other long-lived civilizations, we know little about their culture or day-to-day life. We assume the culture was advanced because they possessed writing. We don t know whether their leaders claimed to have divine powers. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/ ) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly cat 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission cat 0 cat 1 Behavior Code Error Substitution cut cat 1 Self-corrects cut sc cat Insertion the ˆcat 1 Word told T 1 cat Lesson 19: Mysteries of the Phoenicians 6_308562_AL_LRTG_L19_MysteriesPhoenicians.indd 8 1/9/10 10:19:55 PM