Using MLA & APA to Acknowledge Your Sources. Adapted by Karin Heffel Steele from Dr. Diane Chardon s workshop presentation

Transcription

1 Using MLA & APA to Acknowledge Your Sources Adapted by Karin Heffel Steele from Dr. Diane Chardon s workshop presentation

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3 Start on a new page Center your title (Works Cited) Use the same header, font, and line space formatting as the rest of document Alphabetize entries by last name of first author or by title if there is no author Indent all lines of an entry after the first line (hanging indent) URLs are no longer needed for online sources The medium of the source is included (e.g., web or print)

4 Start on a new page Center your title (References) Use same header, font, and line space formatting as rest of document Alphabetize entries by last name of first author or by title if there is no author Indent all lines of an entry after the first line (hanging indent) Include doi number for articles from online databases

5 You are writing a paper on assisted suicide. Through the CGCC Library, you use Academic Search Premier, with the web address of to search full text articles with the keywords assisted suicide and Kevorkian, which leads you to an article you definitely want to include in your essay. The article was originally published in volume number 4, issue number 5, on pages , of the Review of European Studies in December of Author Hengameh M. Hosseini aptly titled the article Ethics, the Illegality of Physician Assisted Suicide in the United States, and the Role and Ordeal of Dr. Jack Kevorkian before His Death, which sums up the key discussion points in his piece. The article s ISSN is , and the doi is /res.v4n5p203. (See the article s detailed record here) Create a Work Cited or Reference page with the pertinent information from the scenario above Use the reference materials and online resources to figure out how to format the entries

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7 Without a doi number With a doi number available

8 Some examples borrowed from Diana Hacker s site:

9 Place an acknowledgement tag immediately before the source information to distinguish your ideas from ideas or information that comes from a source. If it is not acknowledged with a tag or parenthetical note, the reader will assume the ideas are yours.

10 In MLA format, no year is given, and present tense is used. As Carmen explains, Carmen and Smith further note that Smith et al. argue that

11 In APA Format, the year is provided, and past tense is used. As Carmen (2004) explained, Carmen and Smith (2005) further noted that Smith et al. (2007) argued that

12 For direct quotations: Yanovski and Yanovski report that the current state of the treatment for obesity is similar to the state of the treatment of hypertension several decades ago (600). (Use an acknowledgement tag; include page number at end)

13 For direct quotations: Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) reported that the current state of the treatment for obesity is similar to the state of the treatment of hypertension several decades ago (p. 600). (Use an acknowledgement tag; include page or paragraph number at end or with the year)

14 For paraphrased information: With acknowledgement tag: According to Carmona, the cost of treating obesity is exceeded only by the cost of treating illnesses from tobacco use (36). Without acknowledgement tag: The cost of treating obesity is exceeded only by the cost of treating illnesses from tobacco use (Carmona 36).

15 For paraphrased information: With acknowledgement tag: According to Carmona (2004), the cost of treating obesity is exceeded only by the cost of treating illnesses from tobacco use. Without acknowledgement tag: The cost of treating obesity is exceeded only by the cost of treating illnesses from tobacco use (Carmona, 2004). (No page or paragraph number is needed but can be added to help a reader find the relevant passage in your source.)

16 Two authors: (Carmen and Smith 206) 3 authors: (Carmen, Smith, and Grace 206) 4+ authors: (Carmen et al. 206) No author given: ( Pulmonary Disease 27)

17 Two authors: (Carmen & Smith, 2006) 3-5 authors, first parenthetical note: (Carmen, Smith, Grace, & Jimenez, 2006) 3-5 authors, subsequent parenthetical notes: (Carmen et al., 2006) 6+ authors: (Stevens et al., 2006) No author given: ( Pulmonary Disease, 2007)

18 Using MLA and APA style, how would you incorporate the following quotation from page 207 of the article used in the previous work cited/reference exercise? Using the ethical principle of (respect for) autonomy, we can argue that decisions about time and circumstances of death are very personal. On that basis, competent persons (when facing unbearable and unending pain) should have the right to choose death.

19 MLA According to Hosseini, Using the ethical principle of (respect for) autonomy, we can argue that decisions about time and circumstances of death are very personal. On that basis, competent persons (when facing unbearable and unending pain) should have the right to choose death (207). APA Hosseini (2012, p. 207) offered a possible defense for assisted suicide: Using the ethical principle of (respect for) autonomy, we can argue that decisions about time and circumstances of death are very personal. On that basis, competent persons (when facing unbearable and unending pain) should have the right to choose death.

20 Using MLA and APA style, how would you incorporate the following idea, paraphrased from page 207 of the article used in the previous work cited/reference exercise? On the other hand, if physician assisted suicide were legal, there is the dangerous potential for patients to feel pressured toward this alternative, especially if their costs or symptoms are burdensome to others.

21 MLA On the other hand, if physician assisted suicide were legal, there is the dangerous potential for patients to feel pressured toward this alternative, especially if their costs or symptoms are burdensome to others (Hosseini 207). APA On the other hand, if physician assisted suicide were legal, there is the dangerous potential for patients to feel pressured toward this alternative, especially if their costs or symptoms are burdensome to others (Hosseini, 2012, p. 207).

22 If there were NOT an author for your practice article, Ethics, the Illegality of Physician Assisted Suicide in the United States, and the Role and Ordeal of Dr. Jack Kevorkian before His Death, what would you put in the parentheses below? In the U.S.A., physician assisted suicide is only legal in Oregon, but even Oregon s right-to-die law has been challenged by the federal government in United States federal courts ( 204).

23 MLA In the U.S.A., physician assisted suicide is only legal in Oregon, but even Oregon s right-to-die law has been challenged by the federal government in United States federal courts ( Ethics 204). APA In the U.S.A., physician assisted suicide is only legal in Oregon, but even Oregon s right-to-die law has been challenged by the federal government in United States federal courts ( Ethics, 2012, p. 204).

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