Graduate Search Clinics

Transcription

1 Graduate Search Clinics References and Reference Management Ian Chilvers, Senior Library Assistant Helen Worrell, Senior Library Assistant Social Science Library Oxford University Library Services 1

2 Overview Why do we reference? Referencing styles Citing appropriately Introduction to reference managers Endnote Refworks Mendeley Zotero Alternatives & conclusion 2

3 Why do we reference? 3

4 Why are citations important? It is an intellectual link between your work and the cited source Readers of your work can trace the development of your ideas Bibliometrics Citations as credit Used to measure research impact and performance Systematic measurement of citations 4

5 Plagiarism Definition: The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft. 5

6 Plagiarism Breached university policy by failing to quote direct passages of other works appropriately; instead of using quotation marks.. he simply used a footnote at the end of the text referring to the work it came from. "Such a practice gives the impression that it is Chatzimarkakis who is speaking, while in reality texts of other authors are being reproduced." 6

7 Find out more Plagiarism: university regulations and information University page on plagiarism (including link to online tutorial on WebLearn). University Proctors and Assessors Essential Information for Students. 7

8 Referencing styles in the social sciences Author-date (Harvard, APA, etc.) Variations (MLA author-page) Numerical Running notes Numeric (Vancouver, Chicago, etc.) Discipline-specific (e.g. OSCOLA for Law) Journal-specific Check with your dept or tutor if there is a preferred style you should use Be accurate and consistent keep good records 8

9 Inserting citations Summarizing A condensed version of a source s key points in your own words Example * Stanley Milgram (1974) reports that ordinarily compassionate people concludes that the increasing division of labor in society encourages people to focus on a small task and eschew responsibility for anything they do not directly control. * Example modified and taken from: Anon, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Available at: [Accessed February 18, 2014]. 9

10 Inserting citations Paraphrasing Restating an idea in your own words More detailed view of an idea than summarizing Example * People's willingness to obey authority figures cannot be explained by psychological factors alone. In an earlier era, people may have had the ability to invest in social situations to a greater extent. However, as society has become increasingly structured by a division of labor, people have become more alienated from situations over which they do not have control (Milgram, 1974, p.737) * Examples modified and taken from: Anon, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Available at: [Accessed February 18, 2014]. 10

11 Inserting citations Quoting Quote only when necessary When meaning would be lost if paraphrased You are discussing the language used Use for short quotations of 1 to 2 sentences As Amartya Sen (1999, p.10) writes, Freedoms are not only the primary ends of development, they are also among its principal means. 11

12 Inserting citations Use indented block text for longer passages The increasing cultural influence of the West is indicative of the West s growing dominance: The contemporary world is dominated by the West, and even though the imperial authority of the erstwhile rulers of the world has declined, the dominance of the West remains as strong as ever-in some ways stronger than before, especially in cultural matters. The sun does not set on the empire of Coca-cola or MTV. (Sen, 1999, p.240) The nature of this cultural imperialism has widespread implications for how we measure the impact that 12

13 Inserting citations Multiple authors cite all named authors (Adams, Weiss and Coatie, 2010) You could use et al. for more than three authors, but it is not recommended for Harvard (Lauren et al., 2006) Every author is given in the bibliography 13

14 Examples: Book (Adams, Weiss and Coatie, 2010) Adams, R. J.,Weiss, T.D. and Coatie, J.J., The World Health Organisation, its history and impact. London: Perseus 14

15 Examples: Chapter in a book (Smith, 1975) Smith, J., A source of information. In: W. Jones, ed One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp

16 Examples: Journal Article (Betts, 2003) Betts, A., Public goods theory and the provision of refugee protection: The role of the joint-product model in burden-sharing theory. Journal of Refugee Studies, 16(3), pp

17 Examples: Conference Paper (Brown, 2005) Brown, J., Evaluating surveys of transparent governance. In: UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), 6th Global forum on reinventing government: towards participatory and transparent governance. Seoul, Republic of Korea, May New York: United Nations. 17

18 Examples: Online news (BBC, 2014) BBC, Court of Appeal upholds principle of whole-life prison terms. BBC News UK. [Online] Available at: [Accessed February 18, 2014]. 18

19 Examples: Theses (Clayton, 1997) Clayton, M., Educating liberals : an argument about political neutrality, equality of opportunity, and parental autonomy. DPhil. University of Oxford. 19

20 Harvard guide Extremely useful and comprehensive guide to using Harvard: ard.htm Created by Library staff at Anglia Ruskin University 20

21 Reference Managers 21

22 Things to consider when choosing your referencing software How much time do you have to set aside to learn to use the software? Which software works best in your research workflow? 22

23 Endnote desk and Endnote online Automatic syncing with Web of Science (SSCI etc) Desk: from IT services. Fuller functionality with desk and web. Online: free via our subscription. Desk: Integration with Word, Open office and Pages Online: Integration with Word, Open office. Web: No cloud storage of PDFs. Desk: can upload PDFs Not compatible with Linux Desk: Unlimited. Online: Limited storage (50k). Share references with groups using Endnote Online 23

24 EndNote vs. Endnote Online (basic) 24

25 Endnote EndNote demo 25

26 Endnote Practical task 1.Create an EndNote library and search online 2.Insert citations into Word 3.Citation styles 4.Export from Google Scholar 26

27 Time for a short break 27

28 Refworks Syncs with all Proquest databases (IBSS ) Free through University subscription, including Alumni access Integrates well with Word, allows basic functionality with other processors. No cloud storage of PDFs. Windows, Mac and Linux. RefMobile app available. Unlimited online storage of references, with folder management Share references with groups 28

29 Refworks RefWorks demo 29

30 Refworks Practical task 1. Create a RefWorks account 2. Export some references from IBSS 3. Create a bibliography 30

31 Mendeley Import references directly from websites. Elsevier acquisition promises interaction with the Scopus and ScienceDirect platforms Free with 2 GB free personal web space. MS Word, OpenOffice 3.2, and BibTeX plugins Metadata searching, highlighting, annotation, search full text and annotations Windows, Mac & Linux plus ios apps Access your papers on the web, iphone or ipad. Syncs with Zotero. Share papers and collaborate on bibliographies 31

32 Zotero No database integration. Import references directly from websites using Firefox, Chrome and Safari. Free with 300 MB of free Zotero File Storage Microsoft Word and LibreOffice/OpenOffice/NeoOffice plugins Metadata searching and PDF management Full integration with Firefox. Zotero Standalone desktop works with Windows, Mac and Linux Access your papers on the web Share references with groups 32

33 Zotero Zotero demo 33

34 Other software is available Papers Costs $79 Mac & ios Web-based & desktop Works with MS Word, OpenOffice & Papers PDF annotation citation styles Colwiz Free Compatible with Windows, Mac & Linux Collaborative research tools Works with MS Word, OpenOffice & LaTex Social networking May be a little complex to just use for referencing Bibus Free Compatible with Windows, Mac & Linux Works with MS Word, Open & LibreOffice Create custom citation styles Import references from RefWorks 34

35 Conclusion Think about your workflow Use the software to help you, but be aware of its limitations If in doubt pick one, because you can always export your references to another reference manager later 35