New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing

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1 New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing Alexander Grossmann HTWK Leipzig & ScienceOpen Library Science Talks Geneva + Zürich, 20/21 June 2016

2 2 ScholarlyPublishing worldwide All types of scholarly publishing worldwide STM only, English only Revenues(2013): USD 24.5 billion journals: USD 10b (2008: USD 8b) books: USD 5b Split by territories: U.S.: 55% Europe/Middle East: 28% Asia/Pacific: 14% From: STM Report 4th Ed. 2015, Mark Ware

3 3 ScholarlyPublishing worldwide RevenuesSTM: $24.5b(2013) Profit Margin: 31 to38% (EBITDA) Open Access: $172m in % increase Top 5 Global STM Publishers 30% 9% 11% 12% 25% 13% Elsevier Wiley-Blackwell Springer Taylor & Francis ACS Other

4 4 ScholarlyPublishing worldwide 12m active researchers worldwide in the scientific, technical& medical areas(stm) 8m researchers in humanities& social sciences(hss) 24,000 scholarly journals(in STM only) 17,000+ academic societies 2,000 scientific publishers 2m published journals articles per year

5 5 Toomuchinformation? Over 2m newpapersper yearin STM only

6 6 Toomuchinformation? and about 4m submissions per year.

7 7 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus Problems: too much information slow publication process& high rejection rates

8 8 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus Days from receival to acceptance: no credits for reviewers expensive subscription pricing Data source: 3,482 journals in 2014 From: Daniel Himmelstein

9 9 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus Days from acceptance to publication: no credits for reviewers expensive subscription pricing Data source: 3,482 journals in 2014 From: Daniel Himmelstein

10 10 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus Problems: too much information slow publication process& high rejection rates anonymous& non-transparent reviewing process no credits for reviewers expensive subscription pricing

11 11 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus Journal pricing by discipline(per subscription): USD USD too much information slow publication process& high rejection rates anonymous& non-transparent reviewing process no credits for reviewers expensive subscription pricing IF-driven glamorous journals (R. Schekman) Serial crisis

12 12 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus Problems: too much information slow publication process& high rejection rates anonymous& non-transparent reviewing process no credits for reviewers expensive subscription pricing IF-driven glamorous journals (R. Schekman)

13 13 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus IF notcorrelatedwithrelevanceofarticle

14 14 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus

15 15 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus? R. Schekman: The Guardian Dec 9 (2013) Isthisthepresentstatus?

16 16 Scientific Publishing: PresentStatus? R. Schekman: The Guardian Dec 9 (2013) do weneeda newcultureofsharing?

17 17 New cultureofsharing Sharing rather than ownership: the new normal for the next generation. Creative Commons CC-BY licenses supports sharing vs. ownership model of copyright. Open Access assine qua non conditio Image Credit: Bike Sharing Shanghai, John Flickr CC-BY

18 18 Open Access Publishing worldwide Journals: 8,970 journals worldwide(listed in DOAJ) with2.2 millionoa articles Books: 1/3 ofpublishershavean OA booklist However only 5% of total publishing output Small growthofoa booklist(44% ofpublishers) ornogrowthat all (22%) Libraries: OA bookslistedin thecatalogue: 57% yes; 36% no From: Survey of Publishers Communication Group, 2015, and DOAJ, Open Access im Wissenschaftsverlag: Bücher Alexander Grossmann OAPEN-CH Bern,

19 19 New cultureofsharing Open Access Science 2.0 Open Data Crowd-sourcing Open Peer Review Communities Social Networks Altmetrics Repositories Whatelsedo weneed?

20 CC0 Pixabay

21 21 Publishing in transition

22 22 Publishing in transition... Waystopublishresearchtoday Directories(linking lists) Repositories or pre-print server OA journals(subject-based) Journal databases( mega journals ) Aggregation networks Scientific communicationtoday?

23 23 Scientific Communication today Scientists = Authors = Readers = Reviewers Peer Review

24 24 Scientific Communication today Scientists = Authors = Readers = Reviewers Peer Review???? Howtosetupsuch a novelworkflow?

25 25 Scientific Communication today Scientists = Authors = Readers = Reviewers Peer Review???? Scientific communicationtomorrow?

26 26 Scientific Communication tomorrow? arxiv PMC scielo Rep

27 27 Scientific Communication tomorrow? arxiv PMC scielo Rep

28 28 Scientific Communication tomorrow? arxiv PMC scielo Rep

29 29 Scientific Communication tomorrow? arxiv PMC scielo Rep Dr. C. Conrad Overlay journal principle

30 30 OverlayJournal Principle Concept in principal discussed by Timothy Gowers University of Cambridge, UK Fields Medal 1998 Elsevier Boycott 2012 (Cost of Knowledge project) Massively collaborative Math project Nature (2009) Ideas: LaunchedDiscreteAnalysis 2016 as an arxiv-based overlay journal Quality assessment?

31 31 OverlayJournal Principle Concept in principal discussed by Timothy Gowers University of Cambridge, UK Fields Medal 1998 Elsevier Boycott 2012 (Cost of Knowledge project) Massively collaborative Math project Nature (2009) Ideas: LaunchedDiscreteAnalysis 2016 as an arxiv-based overlay journal Peer review in the classical way?

32 32 OverlayJournal Principle Concept in principal discussed by Timothy Gowers University of Cambridge, UK Fields Medal 1998 Elsevier Boycott 2012 (Cost of Knowledge project) Massively collaborative Math project Nature (2009) Ideas: LaunchedDiscreteAnalysis 2016 as an arxiv-based overlay journal Public post-publication peer review.

33 33 Post-publicationpeerreview(PPPR) Open and public process Fullytransparent: Who? Which experience? What? Comments and Replies are openly shared Reviewing not limited to a narrow time frame Report can be cited(credited by DOI) F1000, The Winnower, ScienceOpen. Reviewer is acknowledged N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6(2012) 1 18

34 34 Post-publicationpeerreview(PPPR) Open and public process Fullytransparent: Who? Which experience? What? Comments and Replies are openly shared Reviewing not limited to a narrow time frame Report can be cited(credited by DOI) Does post-publication peer review work? Reviewer is acknowledged N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6(2012) 1 18

35 35 ScienceOpen peerreviewstatistics

36 36 Post-publicationpeerreview(PPPR) Open and public process Fullytransparent: Who? Which experience? What? Comments and Replies are openly shared Reviewing not limited to a narrow time frame Report can be cited(credited by DOI) Overlay Journals and PPPR? Reviewer is acknowledged N. Kriegeskorte: Front Comput Neurosci. 6(2012) 1 18

37 37 OverlayJournal andppprprinciple Concept has been implemented for all disciplines and 13+ million papers at ScienceOpen

38 38 Case study: ScienceOpen

39 39 Case study: ScienceOpen ScienceOpen is a next generation Open Access indexing platform Aggregating journal content(pmc, arxiv, scielo, )

accessarticleswithfulltext All articlesareopen for public post-publication peer reviewing(pppr) Further

40 40 Case study: ScienceOpen ScienceOpen is a next generation Open Access indexing platform Aggregating journal content(pmc, arxiv, scielo, ) 15 million article records More than2mopen accessarticleswithfulltext All articlesareopen for public post-publication peer reviewing(pppr) Further informationprovidedper article: # social mentions(altmetric) # open access citations(open Citation Index) related articles(discovery section)

41 Case study: ScienceOpen ScienceOpen is a next generation Open Access indexing platform Aggregating journal content(pmc, arxiv, scielo, ) 15 million article records More than2mopen

41 41 Case study: ScienceOpen ScienceOpen is a next generation Open Access indexing platform Aggregating journal content(pmc, arxiv, scielo, ) 15 million article records More than2mopen accessarticleswithfulltext All articlesareopen for public post-publication peer reviewing(pppr) Further informationprovidedper article: # social mentions(altmetric) # open access citations(open Citation Index) related articles(discovery section)

42 42 Case study: ScienceOpen ScienceOpen is a next generation Open Access indexing platform Aggregating journal content(pmc, arxiv, scielo, ) 13 million article records More than2mopen accessarticleswithfulltext All articlesareopen for public post-publication peer reviewing(pppr) Further informationprovidedper article: # social mentions(altmetric) # open access citations(open Citation Index) related articles(discovery section)

43 43 ScienceOpen -Discoveringcontext

44 44 ScienceOpen discuss+ review

45 45 ScienceOpen userprofiles

46 46 Searching in more than 13 million articles

47 47 Sort by rating, citations, altmetric,

48 48 to filter relevant papers for you/your peers

49 49 to filter relevant papers for you/your peers

50 50 ortosetuporcurateyourcollection

51 51 ScienceOpen: Collections Collections: how does it work?

52 52 ScienceOpen: Collections Editor(s) can start a Collection on ScienceOpen Selecting papers from a list of 15m article records (arxiv plus PMC plus SciELO) Commenting these papers as Editor Invite peers to review(or wait for volunteers) Examples: Topical Collections Conference Collections Poster Collections

53 ScienceOpen: Collections Editor(s) can start a Collection on ScienceOpen Selecting papers from a list of 15m article records (arxiv plus PMC plus

53 53 ScienceOpen: Collections Editor(s) can start a Collection on ScienceOpen Selecting papers from a list of 15m article records (arxiv plus PMC plus SciELO) Commenting these papers as Editor Invite peers to review(or wait for volunteers) Examples: Topical Collections Conference Collections Poster Collections

54 54 ScienceOpen Topicalcollection

55 55 ScienceOpen Poster Collection DPG 15

56 56 ScienceOpen Paul Drude Institute

57 57 Collections: Advantages A new way to filter content Independent of journal or publisher Filtering to narrow complexity of current research outcome in different aspects: topic, institution, Not pre-selective but consists of those papers which are relevant to your peers Flexible: not limited by(publication) date and resource(journal) but a living list

58 58 ScienceOpen Paul Drude Institute

59 59 Collections: Advantages A new way to filter content Independent of journal or publisher Filtering to narrow complexity of current research outcome in different aspects: topic, institution, Not pre-selective but consists of those papers which are relevant to your peers Flexible: not limited by(publication) date and resource(journal) but a living list Incorporate existing resources as(oa) journals, preprint servers or repositories(non-redundancy) Engagestransparent andopen qualityassessment: public post-publication peer review process(pppr) Principleoffuturescientificcommunication?

60 Collections: Advantages A new way to filter content Independent of journal or publisher Filtering to narrow complexity of current research outcome in different aspects: topic, institution, Not

60 60 Collections: Advantages A new way to filter content Independent of journal or publisher Filtering to narrow complexity of current research outcome in different aspects: topic, institution, Not pre-selective but consists of those papers which are relevant to your peers Flexible: not limited by(publication) date and resource(journal) but a living list Incorporate existing resources as(oa) journals, preprint servers or repositories(non-redundancy) Engagestransparent to replace classical andopen journals? qualityassessment: public post-publication peer review process(pppr)

61 61 Scientific Publishing: Perspectives Traditional Publishing Current Trends journals = content containers for specific discipline interdisciplinary database = megajournal or Collections IF does not provide information about relevance of research article level metrics(altmetrics) no data available open data limiting article type to original or new research open to reproduction papers and negative results studies static publication living document; versioning closedpeer-review anonymous reviewers open evaluation; post-publication peer-review no credits for reviewer acknowledgement of reviews no interaction between authors and readers (open) communication and active feedback content is paywalled open access(oa) library pays for journal subscriptions APCs paid by governmental or institutional funding partners authors prefer prestigous and highly ranked journals to publish?

62 62 Scientific Publishing: Perspectives

63 63 Literature

64 64 Thankyou! Alexander Grossmann Prof. Dr. rer. nat. HTWK Leipzig University of Applied Sciences ScienceOpen Berlin Boston

New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing

New Perspectives in Scientific Publishing Science 2.0 Conference 25 March 2015 Hamburg Alexander Grossmann President and Co-Founder ScienceOpen & HTWK Leipzig 2 Scientific communicationischanging Open