Plagiarism, Referencing and Reference Management

Transcription

1 Plagiarism, Referencing and Reference Management Jo Gardner Ian Chilvers

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3 Citations are References to published or other sources within the body of a paper/book/thesis etc. Indicate an intellectual link between the work and the cited source Citation as credit: used to measure impact, research performance etc.. Bibliometrics: Systematic measurement of citation data. Research Assessment Uses bibliometric and other assessments to measure the research output of universities = funding!

4 Plagiarism/n 1. The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft.

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6 Chatzimarkakis breached university policy by failing to quote direct passages of other works appropriately; instead of using quotation marks to show that the passage was not written by Chatzimarkakis, he simply used a footnote at the end of the text referring to the work it came from. "Such a practice gives the impression that it is Chatzimarkakis who is speaking, while in reality texts of other authors are being reproduced."

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8 What to avoid Verbatim quotation without clear acknowledgement Quotations must always be identified Paraphrasing Can be misleading (even with a citation) Cutting and pasting from the Internet Information derived from the Internet must be adequately referenced Collusion Can include unauthorised collaboration between students, failure to attribute assistance received. Oxford Students website

9 Inaccurate citation It is important to cite correctly, according to the conventions of your discipline. Professional agencies You should neither make use of professional agencies in the production of your work nor submit material which has been written for you. Auto-plagiarism You must not submit work for assessment which you have already submitted to fulfil the requirements of another degree course or examination. Oxford Students website

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12 Turnitin Integrated with WebLearn Assignments tool Used to find text matches between students submitted work and existing electronic sources, including other student assignments. An Originality Report is produced for each submission, and an overall score (the similarity index) is assigned.

13 Find out more University regulations and information University website Students section University Proctors and Assessors: Essential Information for Students [Section 9] MSc Criminology and Criminal Justice Student Handbook

14 Reference Management

15 Referencing styles Harvard Author-date system Use for broader social science approaches Includes some, but not all legal citations (e.g. international treaties) OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation Of Legal Authorities) Footnote system Use for legal essays Citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal documents

16 Inserting citations Summarizing A condensed version of a source s key arguments in your own words Example* Stanley Milgram (1974) reports that ordinarily compassionate people concludes that the increasing division of labor in society encourages people to focus on a small task and eschew responsibility for anything they do not directly control. * Example modified and taken from: Anon, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Available at: [Accessed February 18, 2014].

17 Inserting citations Paraphrasing Restating an idea in your own words More detailed view of an idea than summarizing, but can be misleading avoid if possible Example* People's willingness to obey authority figures cannot be explained by psychological factors alone. In an earlier era, people may have had the ability to invest in social situations to a greater extent. However, as society has become increasingly structured by a division of labor, people have become more alienated from situations over which they do not have control (Milgram, 1974, p.737) * Example modified and taken from: Anon, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Available at: [Accessed February 18, 2014].

18 Inserting citations Quoting Quote only when necessary When meaning would be lost if summarized You are discussing the language used Use for short quotations of 1 to 2 sentences As Amartya Sen (1999, p.10) writes, Freedoms are not only the primary ends of development, they are also among its principal means.

19 Inserting citations Use indented block text for longer passages The increasing cultural influence of the West is indicative of the West s growing dominance: The contemporary world is dominated by the West, and even though the imperial authority of the erstwhile rulers of the world has declined, the dominance of the West remains as strong as ever-in some ways stronger than before, especially in cultural matters. The sun does not set on the empire of Coca-cola or MTV. (Sen, 1999, p.240) The nature of this cultural imperialism has widespread implications for how we measure the impact that

20 Inserting citations - Harvard Multiple authors cite all named authors (Adams, Weiss and Coatie, 2010) Use et al. for more than three authors (Lauren et al., 2006) Every author is given in the bibliography

21 Some Harvard examples Book Bibliography Findlay, M. 1999, The globalisation of crime : understanding transitional relationships in context, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. In-Text Citation (Findlay 1999) Journal article Bibliography Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B., Hardyns, W. & Bircan, T. 2011, "Unemployment, Inequality, Poverty and Crime: Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium, ", The British Journal of Criminology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp In-Text Citation (Hooghe et al. 2011)

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24 The most important rule to remember once you ve chosen which referencing style to use: Be Consistent Don t mix styles

25 How can you manage your references?

26 The Process Bodleian Social Science Library

27 Choosing your reference manager Think about your workflow Use the software to help you, but be aware of its limitations If in doubt pick one, because you can always export your references to another reference manager later

28 Choosing your reference manager What is important to you/your workflow? Exporting/importing references from databases Cost Integration with word processors PDF management Cross-platform support (Mac, Windows, mobile) Online storage/syncing Sharing and social networking

29 Automatic syncing with Web of Science (SSCI etc) Desk: from IT services. Fuller functionality with desk and web. Online: free via our subscription. Desk: Integration with Word, Open office and Pages Online: Integration with Word, Open office. Web: No cloud storage of PDFs. Desk: can upload PDFs Not compatible with Linux Desk: Unlimited. Online: Limited storage (50k). Share references with groups using Endnote Online

30 Syncs with all Proquest databases (IBSS ) Free through University subscription, including Alumni access Integrates well with Word, allows basic functionality with other processors. No cloud storage of PDFs. Windows, Mac and Linux. RefMobile app available. Unlimited online storage of references, with folder management Share references with groups

31 No database integration. Import references directly from websites using Firefox, Chrome and Safari. Free with 300 MB of free Zotero File Storage Microsoft Word and LibreOffice/OpenOffice/NeoOffice plugins Metadata searching and PDF management Full integration with Firefox. Zotero Standalone desktop works with Windows, Mac and Linux Access your papers on the web Share references with groups

32 Further information Referencing OSCOLA guidelines OSCOLA tutorial Harvard guidelines Citation Guidance.pdf **very useful**

33 Further information Managing your references Libguide Reference management training Bodleian RefWorks pages Bodleian EndNote pages (including connection files)