AHIS280. Ancient Egypt: Culture and Society. 3 Credit Points. Unit Guide. Department of Ancient History

Transcription

1 AHIS280 Ancient Egypt: Culture and Society 3 Credit Points Unit Guide Semester 1, 2011 Department of Ancient History

2 GENERAL INFORMATION Convenor and teaching staff Position: Convenor Name: Dr Yann Tristant Phone: Office: W6A 525 Other information: Consultation hours: Thursday pm or by appointment during class time. Position: Lecturer Name: Dr Susanne Binder susanne.binder@mq.edu.au Phone: Office: W6A 537 Position: Tutor Name: Ms Beverley Miles beverley.miles@students.mq.edu.au Phone: Office: W6A 320 For general enquiries Position: Departmental Administrator Name: Ms Beth Norris beth.norris@humn.mq.edu.au Phone: Office: W6A

3 ACADEMIC CONTENTS Prerequisite 12 cp Co-badged status AHPG860 Unit Description This unit covers Ancient Egyptian civilisation during the Predynastic and Pharaonic Periods. It provides a broad introduction to the major historical periods of social and cultural development. It also discusses a number of historical problems and variety of topics, such as social organisation, art, architecture, archaeology, administration, literature and interregional trade. The unit will provide a survey of historical, cultural and social features of ancient Egyptian civilisation on the basis of textual sources, art history and archaeological evidence. Students will learn how Egyptian society and culture developed from a Prehistoric hunter-gatherer society to the complex, highly structured Pharaonic society of the New Kingdom, and which dynamics and factors were responsible for socio-political change. It is the aim of this course to expose students to the variety of evidence and to the methods utilised in Egyptology in accessing, analysing and interpreting this evidence. Unit Outcomes 1. Recall information 2. Demonstrate understanding of discipline relevant facts, the variety and depth of archaeological evidence and of the scholarly discourse in interpreting this evidence. 3. Demonstrate mastery of library and internet resources in order to access appropriate, discipline-relevant scholarly work, in particular primary and secondary sources. 4. Demonstrate ability to communicate research data and findings orally and in writing. Graduate capabilities 1. Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and confident in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards. They will be able to articulate the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems. 2. Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments; to be able to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations; to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world. We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy

4 3. Problem Solving and Research Capability Our graduates should be capable of researching; of analysing, and interpreting and assessing data and information in various forms; of drawing connections across fields of knowledge; and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations. 4. Creative and Innovative Our graduates will also be capable of creative thinking and of creating knowledge. They will be imaginative and open to experience and capable of innovation at work and in the community. We want them to be engaged in applying their critical, creative thinking. 5. Effective Communication We want to develop in our students the ability to communicate and convey their views in forms effective with different audiences. We want our graduates to take with them the capability to read, listen, question, gather and evaluate information resources in a variety of formats, assess, write clearly, speak effectively, and to use visual communication and communication technologies as appropriate. 6. Engaged and Ethical Local and Global citizens As local citizens our graduates will be aware of indigenous perspectives and of the nation's historical context. They will be engaged with the challenges of contemporary society and with knowledge and ideas. We want our graduates to have respect for diversity, to be open-minded, sensitive to others and inclusive, and to be open to other cultures and perspectives: they should have a level of cultural literacy. Our graduates should be aware of disadvantage and social justice, and be willing to participate to help create a wiser and better society. 7. Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible We want our graduates to be aware of and have respect for self and others; to be able to work with others as a leader and a team player; to have a sense of connectedness with others and country; and to have a sense of mutual obligation. Our graduates should be informed and active participants in moving society towards sustainability. 8. Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative We want our graduates to have emotional intelligence and sound interpersonal skills and to demonstrate discernment and common sense in their professional and personal judgement. They will exercise initiative as needed. They will be capable of risk assessment, and be able to handle ambiguity and complexity, enabling them to be adaptable in diverse and changing environments. 9. Commitment to Continuous Learning - 4 -

5 Our graduates will have enquiring minds and a literate curiosity which will lead them to pursue knowledge for its own sake. They will continue to pursue learning in their careers and as they participate in the world. They will be capable of reflecting on their experiences and relationships with others and the environment, learning from them, and growing - personally, professionally and socially. Student Workload Activity: Teaching Week: Student Weeks: Per Semester: Per Week: Lecture Tutorial Private Study Assignments Class Test Total: 9.00 ASSESSMENT IN THIS UNIT Assessment at a glance Task: Weight: Due Date: Linked Unit Outcomes: Linked Graduate Capabilities: Brief Description: Class Test 20% 7 April , 2 1, 2, 1-hour class test with short answer questions Class Test 20% 2 June , 2 1, 2, 1-hour class test with short answer questions Presentation of one seminar paper 20% TBA 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 5, Students give a short presentation (15 min + 5 min questions) on a topic from a list Major Essay 35% 29 April , 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 5, 2000 words on a topic from a list of topic choices Participation 5% Every week 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, Students are expected to prepare for, attend and contribute to, all tutorials - 5 -

6 Assessment Tasks The essay questions are listed in the Syllabus which is on the Unit's Blackboard webpage. The presentations topics will be presented during the first lecture. In order to complete the unit satisfactorily you are required to get at least 50% overall. Attendance Students are expected to attend all of the lectures and are free to attend either day or evening lectures. They are expected to prepare for each tutorial (see Syllabus pages 13-14) and contribute to student discussions during each tutorial. Tutorials are compulsory. Failure to attend tutorials without good reason, e.g. doctor's certificate, will result in the deduction of 5% from the final mark per missed tutorial. Examination(s) There is no formal examination in this unit. Two class tests are set at the end of each half of the semester. Assignment submission All written assignments must be accompanied by a Faculty of Arts Assessment Cover Sheet, which students must sign prior to submission, and submit at the Faculty of Arts Student Enquiry Office in W6A, Ground Floor. Extensions and penalties Extensions can only be granted in exceptional cases and may be only be sought in consultation with the unit convenor and with support of documentary evidence. Essays submitted after the due date without good reason will be penalised by the deduction of 2% a day (including weekends). Returning assignments We expect to be able to return marked assignments three weeks after the due date. Assignments are returned either in class or can be collected from the Faculty of Arts Student Enquiry Desk in W6A, Ground Floor. If you believe that your assessment task has been lost, please contact the Student Enquiry Office on the Ground Floor of W6A. Your claim will be logged and tracked in a database of lost assignment claims and kept on file for up to five years. DELIVERY AND RESOURCES Delivery: Day, Evening This unit will use: Blackboard, ilecture Times and Locations for Lectures and Tutorials For current updates, lecture times and classrooms please consult the MQ Timetables website: - 6 -

7 Day: Thursday, am-1.00 pm Evening: Thursday, 6.00 pm-8.00 pm Required and recommended resources Required Text: Shaw, I. (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 2003). Recommended Tewts: Baines J. and Malek, J., Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York, 2000, rev. edition). Kemp, B.J., Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilisation (Oxford, 2nd ed. 2006). POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Macquarie students are expected to read and comply with the University plagiarism policy (located at In addition, students can access other relevant policies at Policy Central ( Relevant policies include: Assessment policy Unit guide policy Special consideration policy FEEDBACK Feedback and unit evaluation The Faculty of Arts values student feedback and seeks to continually improve its teaching. At present, the Faculty collects student feedback in two ways: 1. Anonymous evaluation surveys which are disseminated at the completion of each unit. 2. Student feedback meetings which are held twice a year in the Faculty of Arts. These meetings are advertised on campus and all students are encouraged to attend. Changes based on student feedback Based on feedback obtained from past students, this unit has been adapted in the following way(s): N/A - 7 -

8 UNIT SCHEDULE Week Date Lecture Tutorial Assessment 1 24 Feb Organisational matters, introduction to the subject NO TUTORIAL N/A 2 3 March 2011 Methods in Egyptology, chronology, terminology Methods 1 N/A 3 10 March 2011 Egypt: geography, topography, ecology, Early Prehistory Methods 2 N/A 4 17 March 2011 Prehistoric Egypt: from farmers to pharaohs Methods 3 N/A 5 24 March 2011 The emergence of complex society and the state in Egypt. Early Dynastic Period Seminar Presentations N/A 6 31 March 2011 Egypt in the Old Kingdom (1) Seminar Presentations N/A 7 7 April 2011 Egypt in the Old Kingdom (2) Seminar Presentations Class test 1 Semester Break 8 28 April 2011 Egypt in the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (1) 9 5 May 2011 Egypt in the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (2) May May May 2011 Egypt in the Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdom (1) Egypt in the New Kingdom (2): 18th Dynasty Egypt in the New Kingdom (3): the Amarna Period 13 2 June 2011 Egypt in the New Kingdom (4): the Ramesside Period Seminar Presentations Essay due 29 April 2011 Seminar Presentations Seminar Presentations Seminar Presentations Seminar Presentations N/A N/A N/A N/A Seminar Presentations Class test 2-8 -

9 Unit summary AHIS280/AHPG860 SEMESTER EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Ancient Egyptian culture is unique among other civilizations of the ancient world. It covers a time period of almost four millennia with amazing internal cultural continuity and relative political stability. It is located in one of the most exciting areas of the Old World: the Near East. It witnessed the rise and fall of other cultures, the coming and going of a variety of peoples, and maintained continuous interregional contacts by means of trade, diplomacy or war. This unit will give a survey of the historical, cultural and social features of ancient Egyptian civilisation on the basis of textual sources, art history and archaeological evidence. Students will learn how Egyptian society and culture developed from a Prehistoric hunter gatherer society to the complex, highly structured Pharaonic society of the New Kingdom, and which dynamics and factors were responsible for socio political change. It is the aim of this course to expose students to the variety of evidence and methods utilised in Egyptology in accessing, analysing and interpreting this evidence. It is important to point out that each lecture deals with a number of complex issues, which would justify whole individual courses, and consequently can only be treated on a very general basis. We therefore recommend the study of the readings for each week of the lectures as well as other articles and books listed on the reading list. The Tutorials give students the basic methodological framework as well as the opportunity to ask questions and discuss specific issues through assignments and readings in Weeks 2 4 and through oral presentations by students from Week 5 onwards. This course also helps students to develop a number of generic skills, such as: capacity for independent thought and judgment advanced communications skills, including the ability to present sustained, cogent and persuasive arguments capacity to analyse and critically examine a range of source types familiarity with the means of identifying, finding, retrieving, organizing and communicating information ability to work independently, demonstrating initiative, self organization, and time management the ability to understand, interrogate and apply a variety of theoretical positions and weigh the importance of alternative perspectives critical understanding of a culture and practices other than one's own intercultural awareness and an appropriate outlook for working in multicultural environments library and bibliographic research skills. Teaching staff Convenor Dr Yann Tristant yann.tristant@mq.edu.au Phone: Office: W6A 525 Consultation hours: Thursday 3 5pm or by appointment during class time. 9

10 Lecturers Dr Yann Tristant (Sections I & II) Dr Susanne Binder (Section III) Tutors Ms Beverley Miles Please see Unit Guide and Blackboard for staff contacts details. Texts Required Shaw, I. (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 2003). Recommended Baines J. and Malek, J., Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York, 2000 rev. ed.). Kemp, B.J., Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilisation (Oxford, 2006, 2 nd ed.). Lectures There will be two hours of lectures every week. The lectures in this unit will be divided into three chronological sections: Section Weeks Period Lecturer I 1 4 Prehistoric Period to the end of Dynasty 2 Dr Yann Tristant II 5 8 Egypt from the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom Dr Yann Tristant III 9 13 Egypt from the Second Intermediate Period to the end of the New Kingdom Dr Susanne Binder Lectures topics (with recommended readings in preparation for the lectures) Week 1: Organisational matters, distribution of tutorial topics, introduction to the subject: History of Egyptology vs. history of Egypt: Egyptian history is not cut in stone! Week 2: Methods (archaeology, art history, philology etc.), chronology (sources: historical, archaeological, scientific), terminology (site names, scientific terms etc.) I. Shaw, Chapter 1: Introduction, in I. Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 2003), pp Week 3: Egypt: A country between Africa and Asia; ecology, topographical issues, location of sites (koms, rock cut tombs, desert sites, alluvial sites etc.) J. Baines and J. Malek, Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt, The Geography of Ancient Egypt, pp Week 4: Prehistoric Egypt: from farmers to pharaohs: Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic periods; origins of Pharaonic culture; interregional contacts with Mesopotamia and the Levantine coast. S. Hendrickx, P. Vermeersch, B. Midant Reynes, Chapters 2 and 3: Prehistory, The Naqada Period, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp

11 Week 5: The rise of the state and the Early Dynastic Period: kingship, social complexity, art and architecture. K. Bard, The Emergence of the Egyptian State, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp Week 6: Egypt in the Old Kingdom (Part 1): royal and private tomb architecture, temples, religion, administration, art (sculpture, reliefs, paintings etc.), society. J. Malek, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp Week 7: Egypt in the Old Kingdom (Part 2). Week 8: Egypt in the First Intermediate Period the internal crisis: politics, literature, art. S. Seidlmayer, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (Part 1): kingship, literature, administration, religion, art. G. Callender, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford 2003) pp Week 9: Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (Part 2). Week 10: Egypt in the Second Intermediate Period: the Hyksos and Thebes. J. Bourriau, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp (cont. over). Egypt in the New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty (Part 1): a multicultural era: politics and imperialism (royals, conquests, crises), religion (Amarna: heresy or religious creativity?), art and architecture, society. B. Bryan, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp Week 11: Egypt in the New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty (Part 2). Week 12: Egypt in the New Kingdom (Part 3): the Amarna period. Week 13: Egypt in the New Kingdom (Part 4): the Ramesside Period and beyond. Realpolitik: religion, nationalism, Ramses II and the Mediterranean world. J. van Dijk, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp The Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period: The beginning of the end? J. Taylor, in I. Shaw (ed.), Oxford History (Oxford, 2003) pp Students are expected to attend all the lectures and are free to attend either day or evening lectures. Tutorials are compulsory. Failure to attend tutorials without good reason, e.g. doctor s certificate, will result in the deduction of 5% from the final mark per missed tutorial. Assessments Methods of Assessment Major essay 35% Two one hour class tests (each 20%) 40% Presentation of one seminar paper 20% Active participation in other tutorial seminar 5% Note on Essays: Each student must write one essay. Due date: 29 April 2011 Length: 2000 words for AHIS280/5000 words for AHPG860 11

12 Essay questions and topics Select one: 1. What is the significance of Petrie s invention of Sequence Dating, not only for Egyptian archaeology, but also for archaeology in other parts of the world? (ARCHAEOLOGY) 2. Give a summary of the major architectural elements and art representations of the private tombs in the Old Kingdom. (ART + ARCHITECTURE). 3. Discuss the role of women in Ancient Egypt. (SOCIETY) 4. Summarise and analyse the characteristics of the foreign policy of Thutmose III. (HISTORY) Tutorial topics (Reading list and assignments for weeks 2 to 4) Week 2 Readings: Grimal, N., A History of Ancient Egypt (1992) 1 13 Kemp, B., Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization (Oxford, 2006, 2 nd ed.), pp Question: Compare the introduction by Nicolas Grimal with the introduction by Barry Kemp. Where and why do they differ? Group discussion: Critically assess the book assigned in class to your group by addressing the following questions: 1. Who is the author and title? 2. What is the subject of this book? 3. When was it written? 4. How is it organised and presented? (e.g. style of references, text, visuals) 5. What is the possible target group of this book? 6. Is it a secondary or primary source? 7. How can the book be utilised for a university assignment? NB: Organise work groups for next week s assignment! Week 3 Assignment and group discussion: Give a brief summary of one volume of Porter and Moss, Topographical Bibliography (Reference PJ1097.P6.) How is this publication organised? Work out which geographical areas, time periods and materials are covered. What are the major sites in this area? How can this bibliography be used for research? Each volume is to be assessed and discussed by one study group: Vol. 1: group 1 Vol. 4: group 4 Vol. 2: group 2 Vol. 6: group 5 Vol. 3: group 3 Vol. 7: group 6 Week 4 Readings: Trigger, B.G. et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History (1983), pp Köhler, E.C., Prehistory, in A. Lloyd (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt (Malden, 2010) [see Blackboard] Question: These two texts basically deal with the same period: Predynastic Egypt. One text was written in the early 1980s, the other is in press more than 25 years later. Assess the differences between them and the achievements 12

13 of those years of research in between the two publications. See which areas are currently under new investigation/research with the help of the relevant chapters in Shaw s Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford 2003) pp Assignment: Identify five different entries in the English language in one volume of Lexikon der Agyptologie (Reference DT58.L49/1975). How are the articles organised? How can this lexicon be used for research? Each volume is to be assessed and discussed by one study group: Vol. 1: group 1 Vol. 4: group 4 Vol. 2: group 2 Vol. 5: group 5 Vol. 3: group 3 Vol. 6: group 6 Week 5 onward: Tutorial presentations by students Two students will give a short presentation (15 minutes + 5 minutes questions) during each tutorial class every week. Other students are requested to read every week the recommended text in order to participate in discussion. See every week the reading list recommended by your tutor. Note: A bibliography must be submitted to the tutor 1 week prior to your presentation.you must also recommend one reading text (article, book chapter) on your topic presentation that the students in your tutorial class are requested to read and to prepare. Essay Writing How to write your essay Written work must be done in accordance with the Department style as laid out in the essay presentation guide (a short version appropriate for 100 level units can be found at Please pay particular attention to the guidelines for referencing and for presenting a bibliography as outlined in the instructions below. Essays submitted after the due date without good reason will be penalised by the deduction of 10% of the mark gained for the delay of each week or part thereof. Extensions can only be granted in exceptional cases and on the basis of written documentation. All written assignments must be accompanied by an Assignment Cover Sheet, which students must sign prior to submission, and submitted at the Faculty of Arts, main office, Building W6A, Ground floor. Plagiarism The University defines plagiarism in its rules: Plagiarism involves using the work of another person and presenting it as one s own. Plagiarism is a serious breach of theuniversity s rules and carries significant penalties. Information about plagiarism can be found in the Handbook of Undergraduate Studies, on the Faculty cover sheet, and on the web at If you are in doubt consult your lecturer or tutor. Brief guide to referencing (See also the Essay Presentation Guide 1. Bibliography style Monographs, books etc: 1. Surname, initials Faulkner, R.O., 13

14 2. Title of book in italics The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead 3. (Place and date of publication) (London, 1985). So, the reference to a book will look like this: Faulkner, R.O., The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead (London, 1985). Articles and chapters in monographs or books: 1. Surname, initials Baines, J., 2. Title of article or chapter Kingship, Definition of Culture, and Legitimation, 3. Publication details and page numbers in D. O'Connor and D.P. Silverman (eds), Ancient Egyptian Kingship (Leiden, 1994), So, the reference to an article or chapter in a book will look like this: Baines, J., Kingship, Definition of Culture, and Legitimation, in D. O'Connor and D.P. Silverman (eds), Ancient Egyptian Kingship (Leiden, 1994), Articles in journals and other periodicals 1. Surname, initials Williams, R.J., 2. Title of article Scribal Training in Ancient Egypt, 3. Publication details (title, volume, year) and page numbers Journal of the American Oriental Society 92 (1972), So, the reference to an article in a journal will look like this: Williams, R.J., Scribal Training in Ancient Egypt, Journal of the American Oriental Society 92 (1972), Online citations: Some online publications give you instructions on how to cite an entry, e.g., a search under Kingship in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient History will give you the following citation to copy out in full: Marie Ange Bonhême, Elizabeth Schwaiger "Kingship" The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Ed. Donald B. Redford. Copyright 2001, 2005 by Oxford University Press, Inc.. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt: (e reference edition). Oxford University Press. Macquarie University. 9 November ancientegypt.com/entry?entry=t176.e0390 OR, you may abbreviate a citation using APA style: Kingship. (2001) in Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Retrieved November 9, 2010, from ancientegypt.com/ The main requirements are to have: 1) the source (article/chapter/entry + book, journal, encyclopedia, etc.) 2) the date of retrieval (retrieved:...) 3) the full url/website of the online source. 2. Footnotes You must provide a footnote or endnote whenever you are referring to, i.e. repeating, a statement or piece of information that you have read or seen in a book or article. This applies to everything another author has written 14

15 and is his/her intellectual property and therefore must be acknowledged. If somebody else s work is used but not properly quoted or referenced it will be regarded as plagiarism. You can avoid plagiarism by providing a reference for each direct quote, which you may include in your text, for each paraphrased statement or general remarks and results. In order to write a good assignment in Ancient History it is necessary to analyse primary sources, i.e. ancient texts, monuments, art representations, objects etc. and discuss various secondary sources, i.e. books and articles by authors who describe and analyse these primary sources. A publication can contain both primary (e.g. photographs, drawings and plans of ancient monuments) and secondary sources (interpretation of primary sources by the author of the publication). The idea is to analyse the primary sources relevant to a topic, to discuss the relevant scholarly interpretations and to draw your own conclusions from both. Examples: Paraphrased statement and direct quote: Although foreigners were an integral part of society, Egyptians always considered them antagonists. Egyptians created the idea of a collective self that implies a collective other as John Baines in a study on society and ethnicity has recently observed; he explains this with the Egyptian thought system: In Egyptian ideology, the complexity of society resembles the complexity of the ordered cosmos, which is shot through with elements of the uncreated world. 1 Primary Sources: One is a decorated vessel from Cemetery L in Qustul that shows various wild animals, as well as two pairs of giraffes facing one another other; one of these pairs even has between them what could be seen as a simplified depiction of a palm tree, again with a tripartite root. 2 Secondary Sources The two motifs in combination could thus incorporate ideas related to these two extremes. This concept of order and chaos has also been proposed earlier by a number of authors as a possible explanation for similar motifs in Predynastic art, such as the Master of the Lions or the so called Serpopard motif. 3 References may be abbreviated in the body of the text, 4 but must be fully cited in the bibliography. 1 J. Baines, Contextualizing Egyptian Representations of Society and Ethnicity, in J.S. Cooper and G.M. Schwartz (eds), The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty First Century (Winona Lake, 1996), B. Williams, Decorated Pottery and the Art of Naqada III, MAS (1988), fig For example H. Asselberghs, Chaos and Beheersing (Leiden, 1961); B. Kemp, Ancient Egypt, Anatomy of a Civilisation (London, 1989), e.g., [Convention A/C] Williams, MAS (1988), fig. 2. OR [Convention B] Williams (1988, fig. 2). 15

16 Course Bibliography = Recommended reading ** = Reserve Collection/e Reserve * = 7 day loan Some material, such as excerpts from books and journal articles, will be put on the library's E Reserve: Bibliographical aids, for information and references In order to find the right books or articles, you can try this: International Association of Egyptologists, Annual Egyptological Bibliography (Leiden, 1948 ff.). The library holds the license to the on line database of this resource (Online Egyptological Bibliography, OEB) with titles to Access through the library catalogue and databases: Porter, B., and Moss, R., Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, 7 Vols (Oxford, 1927 ff.; 2nd edition Oxford, 1960 ff.). Helck, W. and Westendorff, W., Lexikon der Agyptologie, 7 vols. (Many articles in English!) Matthieu, B., Abréviations des périodiques et collections en usage à l'ifao (Cairo, 2010): for Bibliographic abbreviations of Egyptological serials and reference works. See Egyptologists' Electronic Forum: The Aigyptos database was specifically created to enable the search for Egyptological publications by means of an elaborate subject indexing : muenchen.de/indexe.htm UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology: Approved web sites with links to other good sites Annual Egyptological Bibliography (AEB): Australian Centre for Egyptology: Egyptology at Cambridge University, Resources: Etana download old excavation reports and literature: Institut français d archéologie orientale (IFAO): International Association of Egyptologists: Oriental Institute Chicago Research Archives: Petrie Museum's web catalogue: The Global Egyptian Museum: The Giza Archives: Please note: as the internet is open to everyone, there is no control over the content and quality of websites; hence each site depends on the knowledge and academic integrity of the author/s. Many websites cater for children and young adults in secondary schools or for a wider public therefore are not suitable for academic research. 16

17 Periodicals The following is a short list of periodicals wholly or partly devoted to Egyptology. Articles are usually published in English, French or German. They are all recommended. Archéo Nil ASAE AVDAIK BASOR BES BIFAO Ch.d'Eg. DE GM JARCE JAOS JEA MDAIK Or. RdE SAGA SAK ZAS Revue de la société pour l étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil ( Annales du Services des Antiquités de l'egypte (1900 ff.) Archaologische Veroffentlichungen, Deutschen Archaologisches Institut Abteilung Kairo Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1919 ff.) Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar Bulletin de l Institut Francais d Archeologie Orientale Chronique d'égypte (1925 ff.) Discussions in Egyptology Gottinger Miszellen (1972 ff.) Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (1962 ff.) Journal of the American Oriental Society (1849 ff.) Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1914 ff.) Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo Orientalia. Rome (1920 ff.) Revue d'égyptologie Studien zur Archaeologie und Geschichte Altagyptens Studien zur altagyptischen Kultur (1974 ff.) Zeitschrift fur agyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde (1863 ff.) WORKS ON HISTORY 1. General Assman, J., Agypten: Eine Sinngeschichte (Munchen, 1996). ** Baines, J. and Malek, J., An Atlas of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 1980). ** Baines, J. and Malek, J., Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt (New York, c rev. edition). Edwards, I.E.S., Gadd, C.J. and Hammond, N.G.L. (eds), The Cambridge Ancient History, Vols I and II (Cambridge 1970, rev. edition 1984). ** Gardiner, A., Egypt of the Pharaohs (Oxford, 1961 or subsequent reprint). ** Grimal, N., A History of Ancient Egypt, trans. by I. Shaw (London, 1992). **Hallo, W.W. and Simpson, W.K., The Ancient Near East (New York, 1971). ** Hayes, W.C., The Scepter of Egypt Vols I and II (New York, 1971). Helck, W., and Westendorf, W., Lexikon der Agyptologie (Wiesbaden, 1972 ff.). ** Hornung, E., History of Ancient Egypt: An Introduction, trans. by D. Lorton (Ithaca/London, 1999). **Hornung, E., Krauss R. and Warburton, D. (eds), Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Leiden/Boston, 2006). **James, T.G.H., An Introduction to Ancient Egypt (London, 1979). Kees, H., Ancient Egypt. A Cultural Topography (Chicago/London, 1977). ** Kemp, B.J., Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilisation (London, 2005). Knapp, A. B., The History and Culture of Ancient Western Asia and Egypt (Chicago, 1988). ** Schulz, R. and Seidel, M. (eds), Egypt. The World of the Pharaohs (Cologne, 1998). ** Shaw, I. (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford, 2003). **Shaw, I. and Nicholson, P., The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt (London, 1995, reprinted 2002, 2008). * Trigger, B.G. et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History (Cambridge, 1983). 17

18 2. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Periods * Adams, B., Ancient Hierakonpolis, Vols I and II (Warminster, 1974). * Bard, K.A., From Farmers to Pharaohs (Sheffield, 1994). **Crowfoot Payne, J., Catalogue of the Predynastic Egyptian Collection in the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford and New York, 1993). Baumgartel, E.J., The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, Vols I and II (London, ). Einwanger, J. von, Merimde Benisalame III, AVDAIK 59 (Berlin/Mainz, 1992). Engel, E., Muller, V. and Hartung, U. (eds), Zeichen aus dem Sand. Streiflichter aus Agyptens Geschichte zu Ehren von Gunter Dreyer (Wiesbaden, 2008). (Some articles in English). * Emery, W.B., Archaic Egypt (London, 1961). Frankfort, H., The Birth of Civilization in the Near East (New York, 1956). Friedman, R. and Adams, B. (eds) The Followers of Horus. Studies in Honor of Michael A. Hoffman (Oxford, 1992). **Hayes, W.C., The Scepter of Egypt Vol. 1 (New York, 1953 and reprints). Helck, W., Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit, Ag.Abh. 45 (Wiesbaden, 1987). **Hendrickx, S., Predynastic to Early Dynastic Chronology, in E. Hornung, R. Krauss and D. Warburton (eds), Ancient Egyptian Chronology (Leiden/Boston 2006), Hendrickx, S. et al. (eds), Egypt at its Origins (Leiden, 2004). **Hoffman, M.A., Egypt Before the Pharaohs (London, 1980). Kaplony, P., Die Inschriften der Agyptischen Fruhzeit, Vols I III (Wiesbaden, ). ** Köhler, E. C. and Jones, J., Helwan II. The Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Relief Slabs. SAGA 25 (Rahden, 2009). Midant Reynes, B., The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Pharaohs (Malden, 2000). ** Midant Reynes, B. and Tristant, Y. (eds), Egypt at its Origins 2. Proceedings of the International Conference "Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt", Toulouse, 5th to 8th September, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) (Leuven, 2008). Petrie, W.M.F., Naqada and Ballas (London, 1896; reprint Warminster, 1974). Access through Etana. Petrie, W.M.F., Prehistoric Egypt (London, 1920; reprint Warminster, 1974). **Petrie, W.M.F., Corpus of Prehistoric Pottery and Palettes (London, 1921). ** Spencer, A.J., Early Egypt: the Rise of Civilization in the Nile Valley (London, 1993). ** Spencer, A. J. (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt (London, 1996). **Trigger, B.G., Early Civilizations (Cairo, 1993). **Van den Brink, E.C.M., The Nile Delta in Transition, 4th to 3rd Millennium B.C. Proceedings of the Seminar held in Cairo, October 1990 at the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies (Tel Aviv, 1992). Von der Way, T., Untersuchungen zur Spatvor und Fruhgeschichte des Nildeltas (Heidelberg, 1993). * Wilkinson, T., Early Dynastic Egypt (London, 1999). **Wengrow, D., Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformations in North East Africa 10, BC (Cambridge, 2006). 3. Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period **Aldred, C., Egypt to the End of the Old Kingdom (London, 1965). Robins, G. (ed.), with contributions by E. D'Amicone et al., Beyond the Pyramids. Egyptian Regional Art from the Museo Egizio, Turin (Atlanta, 1990). Fischer, H. G., Dendera in the Third Millenium B.C. (New York, 1968). ** Hayes, W.C., The Scepter of Egypt Vol. 1 (New York, 1953 and reprints). ** Malek, J., In the Shadow of the Pyramids (London, 1986). 4. Middle Kingdom **Goedicke, H., The Instructions of King Amenemhet for his Son (San Antonio, 1988). Grajetzki, W., The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (London, 2006). **Hayes, W.C., The Scepter of Egypt Vol. 1 (New York, 1953 and reprints). 18

19 Murnane, W., Ancient Egyptian Coregencies (Chicago, 1977). **Ward, W.A., Egypt and the East Mediterranean World, BC (Beirut, 1971). * Wildung, D., Sesostris und Amenemhet: Agypten im Mittleren Reich (Munchen, 1984). Winlock, H.E., The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom in Thebes (New York, 1947). 5. Second Intermediate Period and New Kingdom ** Bietak, M., Avaris. The Capital of the Hyksos (London, 1996). Bietak, M. (ed.), Agypten und Levant Egypt and the Levant, Vols I XIV (Wien, 1990 ). (This is the primary source for articles and research about the site of Tell el Dab a and Delta in the Middle and New Kingdoms). Bryan, B., The Reign of Thutmose IV (Baltimore, 1991). **Cline, E.H. and O Connor, D. (eds), Thutmose III: A New Biography (Ann Arbor, 2006). **Cohen, R. and Westbrook, R., Amarna Diplomacy: the Beginning of International Relations (Baltimore, 2000). Goedicke, H., The Quarrel of Apophis and Seqenenre (San Antonio, 1986). Habachi, L., The Second Stela of Kamose and his Struggle against the Hyksos Ruler and his Capital, ADAIK 8 (Gluckstadt, 1972). **Hayes, W.C., The Scepter of Egypt Vol. 2 (New York, 1959 and reprints). ** Kitchen, K.A., Pharaoh Triumphant (Warminster, 1982). Kozloff, A. and Bryan, B., Egypt s Dazzling Sun. Amenophis III and his World (Cleveland, 1992). Manuelian, P. D., Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II (Hildesheim, 1987). Murnane, W. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies (Chicago, 1977). Murnane, W., The Road to Kadesh (Chicago, 1985). ** Oren, E., The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives (Philadelphia, 1997). Oren, E. (ed.), The Sea Peoples and Their World: a Reassessment, University Museum Monograph 108 (Philadephia, 2000). ** Redford, D.B., History and Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Seven Studies (Toronto, 1967). Reeves, N., The Complete Tutankhamun (London, 1990). ** Reeves, N., Valley of the Kings (London, 1990). Riefstahl, E., Thebes in the Time of Amenhotep III (Oklahoma, 1964). Roehrig, C.H. (ed.), Hatshepsut. From Queen to Pharaoh (New York, 2005). 6. The Amarna Period Aldred, C., Akhenaten, Pharaoh of Egypt: a new Study (London, 1965). ** Aldred, C., Akhenaten King of Egypt (London, 1988). **Allen, J.P., The Natural Philosophy of Akhenaten, in W.K. Simpson (ed.), Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt (New Haven, 1989), 89 ff. **Allen, J.P., Further evidence for the coregency of Amenhotep III and IV? GM 140 (1994), 7 8. Allen, J.P., Nefertiti and Smenkh ka re, GM 141 (1994), Arnold, D., The Royal Women of Amarna. Images of Beauty from Ancient Egypt (New York, 1996). Assmann, J., State and Religion in the New Kingdom, in W.K. Simpson (ed.), Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt (New Haven, 1989), 55 ff. **Desroches Noblecourt, C., Tutankhamen: life and death of a Pharaoh (London, 1963). Freed, R.E., Markowitz, Y.J., and D'Auria, S.H. (eds), Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen (London, 1999). Kitchen, K.A., Suppiluliuma and the Amarna Pharaohs (Liverpool, 1962). Krauss, R., Das Ende der Amarnazeit (Hildesheim, 1981). Loeben, C., Eine Bestattung der grossen Koniglichen Gemahlin Nofretete in Amarna?, MDAIK 42 (1986), ** Martin, G.T., A Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its Aftermath (London and New York, 1991). **Martin, G.T., The Hidden Tombs of Memphis (London, 1991). Murnane, W. and Van Siclen, C., The Boundary Stele of Akhenaten (London, 1993). ** Ockinga, B.G., Amarna Kingship, Ancient Society 15 (1985),

20 **Redford, D.B., History and Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Seven Studies (Toronto, 1967). ** Redford, D.B., Akhenaten the Heretic King (Princeton, 1984). Reeves, N., The Complete Tutankhamun (London, 1990). Reeves, N., After Tutankhamun. Research and Excavation in the Royal Necropolis at Thebes (London, 1992). Samson, J., Amarna. City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti (Warminster, 1978). Samson, J., Nefertiti and Cleopatra (London, 1985). Schlogl, H. A., Echnaton Tutanchamun. Fakten und Texte. (2nd edition Wiesbaden, 1985). van Dijk, J., The New Kingdom Necropolis of Memphis. Historical and Iconographical Studies (Groningen, 1993). 7. Syria Palestine in the New Kingdom and Amarna Period Aharoni, Y., The Land of the Bible, 2nd edition, trans. A.F. Rainey (London, 1980). Part 2, Ch. 1, The Canaanite Period. Albright, W.F., The Amarna Letters from Palestine, CAH Vol. 2 Part 2, Ch. 20 (Cambridge, 1975), ** Bietak, M., Avaris. The Capital of the Hyksos (London, 1996). Bietak, M. (ed.), Agypten und Levant Egypt and the Levant, Vols I XIV (Wien, 1990 ). (This has many important articles about Egypt and the Levant in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages). Buccellati, G., Cities and Nations of Ancient Syria (Rome, 1967). Campbell, E.F., The Amarna Letters and the Amarna Period, in E.F Campbell and D.N. Freedman (eds), The Biblical Archaeologist Reader, Vol. 3 (New York, 1970), ** Davies, W.V. and Schofield, L., Egypt, the Aegean and the Levant: Interconnections in the Second Millennium BC (London, 1995). Goren, Y., Finkelstein, I. and Na aman, N., The Expansion of the Kingdom of Amurru according to the Petrographic Investigation of the Amarna Tablets, BASOR 329 (2003), (And references). Israelit Groll, S.I., The Egyptian Administrative System in Syria and Palestine in the 18th Dynasty, in Fontes atque pontes AAT 5 (Wiesbaden, 1983), ** Moran, W.L., The Amarna Letters (Baltimore, 1992). Na'aman, N., Economic Aspects of the Egyptian Occupation of Canaan, Israel Exploration Journal 31 (1981), Rainey, A.F., Egypt, Israel, Sinai. Archaeological and Historical Relationships in the Biblical Period (Tel Aviv, 1987). Redford, D.B., Egypt and Canaan in the New Kingdom [=Beer Sheva Vol. 1V] (Beer Sheva, 1990). ** Redford, D.B., Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (Princeton, 1992). Redford, D.B., The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III (Leiden/Boston MA, 2003) Rowton, M.B., Dimorphic Structure and the Problem of the 'Apiru Ibrim', Journal of Near Eastern Studies 35 (1976), Several, M.W., Reconsidering the Egyptian Empire in Palestine during the Amarna Age, Palestine Exploration Quarterly 104 (1972), Waterhouse, S.D., Syria in the Amarna Age: A Borderland between Conflicting Empires (Ann Arbor, 1965). Weinstein, J., The Egyptian Empire in Asia: A Reassessment, BASOR 241 (1981), Nubia Edwards, I.E.S., Gadd, C.J. and Hammond, N.G.L (eds), The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. I Part 2, Chs XI, XIV, XX ; Edwards, I.E.S. et al. (eds), Vol. II Part 1, Chs II, VIII, IX; Vol. II Part 2, Ch. XIX (3rd edition London, ). **Emery, W.B., Egypt in Nubia (London, 1965). Emery, W.B., Smith, H.S. and Millard, A., Excavations at Buhen Vol. I (London, 1979). ** O Connor, D., Ancient Nubia. Egypt s Revival in Africa (Philadelphia, 1993). Smith, H.S., The Fortress of Buhen. Excavations at Buhen Vol. 2 (London, 1979). ** Smith, S.T., Askut in Nubia (London, 1995). **Trigger, B.G., Nubia under the Pharaohs (London, 1976). **Trigger, B.G., et al., Ancient Egypt. A Social History (Cambridge, 1983). (See also the works by Emery and Smith in the bibliography, 378, 395.) 20

21 ARCHAEOLOGY Arnold, Do. (ed.), Studien zur Altagyptischen Keramik (Mainz, 1981). ** Arnold, Do. and Bourriau, J. (eds), An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Pottery (Mainz, 1993). ** Assmann, J. et al. (eds), Problems and Priorities in Egyptian Archaeology (London, 1987). **Aston, B.G., Ancient Egyptian Stone Vessels: Materials and Forms (Heidelberg, 1994). ** Bard, K. (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (London, 1999). ** Bourriau, J., Umm el Gaab. Pottery from the Nile Valley until the Arab Conquest (Cambridge, 1981). **Hope, C., Egyptian Pottery (Aylesbury, 1987). Ehrich, R.W. (ed.), Chronologies in Old World Archaeology (3rd edition, Chicago, 1992). **Kemp, B. J. and Vogelsang Eastwood, G., The Ancient Textile Industry at Amarna. Egypt Exploration Society 68 (London, 2001). ** Lucas, A. and Harris, J.R., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries (4th edition, London 1962, 1989). Manuelian, P.D., Slab Stelae of the Giza Necropolis (New Haven and Philadelphia, 2003). ** Nicholson, P. and Shaw, I., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology (Cambridge, 2000) Seidlmayer, S.J., Graberfelder aus dem Ubergang vom Alten zum Mittleren Reich (Heidelberg, 1990). **Shaw, T. et al. (eds), The Archaeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns (London, 1993). Sowada, K.N., Black Topped Ware in Early Dynastic Contexts, JEA 85 (1999), **Van den Brink, E.C.M. (ed.), The Archaeology of the Nile Delta, Egypt: Problems and Priorities. Proceedings of the seminar held in Cairo, October 1986, on the occasion of the fifteenth anniversary of the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies in Cairo (Amsterdam, 1988). **Vogelsang Eastwood, G., Pharaonic Egyptian Clothing (Leiden, 1993). Vogelsang Eastwood, G., Textiles, in P. T. Nicholson and I. Shaw (eds), Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology (Cambridge, 2000), ART AND ARCHITECTURE, URBANISATION **Aldred, C., Egyptian Art in the Days of the Pharaohs (London, 1986 and reprints). **Aldred, C., Old Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt (London, 1968). **Aldred, C., Middle Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt (London, 1969). **Aldred, C., New Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt (London, 1972). ** Arnold, D., Building in Egypt. Pharaonic Stone Masonry (New York/Oxford, 1991). * Arnold, D., Die Tempel Agyptens (Zurich, 1992). Arnold, D., Lexikon der Agyptischen Baukunst (Zurich, 1994). ** Badawy, A., A History of Egyptian Architecture, 3 Vols (Cairo, 1954; Los Angeles, 1966, 1968). **Badawy, A., Architecture in Ancient Egypt and the Near East (Cambridge Mass., 1966). ** Bietak, M., Urban Archaeology and the 'Town Problem' in Ancient Egypt, in K. Weeks (ed.), Egyptology and the Social Sciences (Cairo, 1979), ** Bourriau, J., Pharaohs and Mortals: Egyptian Art in the Middle Kingdom (Cambridge, 1988). Butzer, K., Early Hydraulic Civilisations in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology (Chicago, 1976). **Carter, H., The Tomb of Tutankhamen (London, 1972). Deutsches Archaologisches Institut Abteilung Kairo (eds), Kunst des Alten Reiches, SDAIK 28 (Mainz, 1995). Edwards, I.E.S., The Pyramids of Egypt (London, 1961). Fakhry, A., The Pyramids (Chicago, 1961). Gaballa, G.A., Narrative in Egyptian Art (Mainz, 1976). Groenewegen Frankfort, H., Arrest and Movement: An Essay on Space and Time in the Representational Art of the Ancient Near East (New York, 1972). ** Harpur, Y., Decoration in Egyptian Tombs of the Old Kingdom. Studies in Orientation and Scene Content (London, 1987). ** Kemp, B.J., The Early Development of Towns in Egypt, Antiquity 51 (1977), **Kemp, B.J., The City of el Amarna as a Source for the Study of Urban Society in Ancient Egypt, World Archaeology 9 (1977),

22 ** Kemp, B.J., Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilisation (London, 1989, 2006). **Lehner, M., The Complete Pyramids (London, 1997). Mendelssohn, K., The Riddle of the Pyramids (Cambridge, 1974). Mekhitarian, A., Egyptian Painting (London, 1978). Quirke, S., The Temple in Ancient Egypt: New Discoveries and Recent Research (London, 1997). ** Robins, G., Egyptian Painting and Relief (Aylesbury, 1988). **Schafer, H., Principles of Egyptian Art, trans. J. Baines, (Oxford, 1974). **Schafer, B.E. (ed.), The Temples of Ancient Egypt (London, 1998). **Scheel, B., Egyptian Metalworking and Tools (Aylesbury, 1989). **Smith, W.S., A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom (New York, 1946, reprint 1978). ** Smith, W.S., The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, rev. edition by W.K. Simpson (New Haven CT, 1998). Stadelmann, R., Die agyptischen Pyramiden (Mainz, 1985). **Uphill, E. P., Egyptian Towns and Cities (Aylesbury, 1988). Vandier, J., Manuel d'archeologie Egyptienne, Vols I VI (Paris, ). Wilkinson, R., The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt (London, 2000). LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND TEXTS ** Breasted, J.H., Ancient Records of Egypt, 5 Vols (reissued, New York, 1962). (Access via Etana). Erman, A., The Literature of the Ancient Egyptians (London, 1927). Foster, J. L., Sinuhe: the Ancient Egyptian Genre of Narrative Verse, JNES 29 (1980), **Gardiner, A., Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs (3rd edition, Oxford, 1957 and subsequent reprints). Gardiner, A., The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage (Leipzig, 1909). Goedicke, H., The Report About a Dispute of a Man with his Ba (Baltimore, 1970). Helck, W., Egyptian Historical Records of the later Eighteenth Dynasty, Fasc. I III trans. by B. Cummings (Warminster, ); Fasc. IV VI trans. by B.G. Davies (Warminster, ). Lichtheim, M., Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vols I III (Berkeley California, ). Lichtheim, M., Ancient Egyptian Autobiographies chiefly of the Middle Kingdom (Fribourg/Gottingen, 1988). **Loprieno, A., Ancient Egyptian (Cambridge, 1995). Ockinga, B.G., A Concise Grammar of Middle Egyptian: An Outline of Middle Egyptian Grammar by Hellmut Brunner Revised and Expanded (2nd rev. edition, Mainz, 2005). ** Parkinson, R. B., Voices from Ancient Egypt (London, 1991). Parkinson, R.B., Reading Ancient Egyptian Poetry: Among other Histories (Chichester/Malden MA, 2009). (Contains a section on Sinuhe). Posener, G., Litterature et Politique (Paris, 1956). ** Pritchard, J.B., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (3rd edition with suppl., Princeton, 1969). ** Simpson, W.K. (ed.), The Literature of Ancient Egypt (New Haven, 1972). Wente, E., Letters from Ancient Egypt [SBL Writings from the Ancient World Series, Vol. 1] (Atlanta, 1990). **Williams, R.J., Literature as a Medium of Propaganda in Ancient Egypt, in The Seed of Wisdom. Festschrift T.J. Meek (Toronto, 1964) Williams, R.J., Scribal Training in Ancient Egypt, Journal of the American Oriental Society 92 (1972), RELIGION AND THOUGHT ** Allen, T.G., The Book of the Dead, or Going Forth by Day (Chicago, 1974). Assmann, J., State and Religion in the New Kingdom, in W.K. Simpson (ed.), Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt (New Haven, 1989), 55 ff. ** Assmann, J., Maat (Munchen, 1990). Assmann, J., Agypten: eine Sinngeschichte (Munchen, 1996). 22