ENGLISH 2201: Essays and Prose

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ENGLISH 2201: Essays and Prose"

Transcription

1 Name: Slot: ENGLISH 2201: Essays and Prose Introductory Handout ESSAY DEVELOPMENT TYPES NARRATION: tells a story about an event or experience in the writer s life. The purpose of this writing is to reveal a life lesson (message) and contains the following narrative elements: setting detail, conflict and resolution, action and a clear emotional feeling (atmosphere and mood related). DESCRIPTION: presents sensory details about a person, place, event or thing. The purpose of this writing is to create a strong impression and paint a picture with words in the minds of the reader. Characteristics of this type of essay include the use of figurative language (similes, metaphors, imagery) and description begins general and becomes vivid and specific. EXPOSITION: objectively presents facts, statistics, expert opinions, details and examples. Two specific types of exposition include ARUGMENTATION and PERSUASION. Argumentative essays present evidence and reasoning to support an argument. The purpose is to convince the readers of an opinion. Persuasion uses the same approach as argumentation and tries to convince the readers to take action on the subject. The key differences between each type are listed below. PERSUASION Writer is more committed to the subject or topic and therefore presents evidence using emotional appeals. Tone is emotional. Ends with a CALL TO ACTION to ensure the audience is persuaded to do something or believe something. ARGUMENTATION Writer does not demonstrate emotional commitment to the subject or topic, meaning evidence is presented logically and rationally. Tone is rational. No CALL TO ACTION is included because the writing only attempts to convince the reader that the arguments being made are valid/true, which means the reader just needs to accept the points made as valid/true. There are a variety of different methods to INTRODUCE an expository essay. Some of the most common methods are listed below: Definition Relevant Fact Unusual Detail Rhetorical Question Personal Experience Short Narrative/Example Direct Statement of Purpose/Thesis Statement METHODS OF INTRODUCING EXPOSITION Used to introduce subject and arouse interest; are often personal slants on an emotional or abstract topic. Will help to define the main issue of the essay by suggesting some fact on that matter. Once again, the hope is to create audience awareness and interest. Used to create interest in a topic by exploring or presenting details about the topic that might not be commonly known by all and it also helps to show the research or knowledge level of the writer. Provokes thought from the reader as the question may not be answered. Sometimes the essay is organized to answer the question using many examples or arguments. Links the reader and writer. Sometimes interest is created by such a connection. The audience sees it as real or important. Creates interest in the topic by making the subject more concrete or real. These would be similar to personal experiences possibly but not seen as personal to the writer. The examples might be more global or societal. Is the least effective method to create interest but is needed to identify the topic and its treatment for the reader. For greatest effect, it is recommended that this method be used in conjunction with one of the other six. There are also various methods to DEVELOP an expository essay. Some of the common methods are listed on the next page.

2 Example and Illustration Cause and Effect Process Analysis Classification and Division Comparison and Contrast Analogy METHODS OF DEVELOPING EXPOSITION Used to support an idea, reinforce a contention or belief, or to clarify a subject or topic. When a writer uses examples to illustrate, the topic becomes more understandable as examples are concise explanations. Basically, the writer supports a general illustration or topic with very precise examples or explanations to provide clarity. Are interdependent relationships. They attempt to answer the why and what of a situation. The cause is considered the reason (why) of a situation and the effects would be considered the result (what/the cause). Gives directions and/or simply provides information about how to perform a particular task, how something happened or works. The analysis of that method may explain why it must be done in a certain way or include a history lesson or a comparison of methods. Is a means whereby items, information and ideas are organized. Classification puts or sorts things into categories; division attempts to analyze the parts or sections into which something is divided. Uses similarities and differences, or a combination of the two, to illustrate and discuss and idea. Typically comparison essays include both similarities and differences; a look only at differences is called contrast. Is a comparison of a literal object or simple topic to a figurative or complex idea throughout the course of an essay. Unlike an extended metaphor, this comparison is quite literally drawn. There are also various types of EVIDENCE used to develop an expository essay. Some of the common types of evidence are listed below. Authority Figures Experts in the field or topic that is being discussed Facts Unquestioned, concrete pieces of information that add credibility to one s argument Statistics Raw numerical data in the form of percentages, fractions, and charts that helps to show correlations between numbers and the topic Anecdotal and Personal Observations Evidence that is based on person s observations of the world. MUST be used in conjunction with the other three types of evidence above as it is not reliable on its own. TYPES OF EVIDENCE PROVIDED TO DEVELOP EXPOSITION David Suzuki on the topic of Environmental Awareness Chris Hadfield on the topic of space exploration Bob McKenzie/Don Cherry on the topic of fighting in hockey Cindy Crawford on the topic of body types and pressure from the media There are nearly 8 billion people on our planet. The worldwide climate has increased nearly 3 degrees over the past century. Students perform better on assessments when they study and prepare. There is a 97% consensus that global warming is real amongst scientists Two out of every three dentists recommend that you floss daily 49% of children in grades 4 12 reported being bullied by other students at school at least once during the past month By 2025, an estimated 1.8 billion people will live in areas plagued by water scarcity Case Studies Someone giving a presentation regarding drunk driving might research and discuss the circumstances of someone personally affected by it. Testimonials A written declaration certifying to a person's character, conduct, or qualifications, OR to the value, excellence, etc., of something. REMEMBER: When this evidence is used to convince, sway, emotionally influence, or lead us to the writer/presenter s opinion on the topic (i.e. why cellphones should be allowed in schools; why capital punishment should be abolished; why the penalties for drinking and driving should be harsher) it is persuasive in nature. When this evidence is used to present a reasonable discussion that is strongly supported with evidence, but is allowing the audience to reach their own conclusions (i.e. medical breakthroughs; the advances in space exploration; the differing types of family-oriented dog breeds; how the internet has created a global society) it is argumentative in nature. There are a variety of different methods to CONCLUDE an expository essay. Some of the most common methods are listed on the next page.

3 Climax Call to Action Summary Thesis Restatement Closing by Return METHODS OF CONCLUDING EXPOSITION Saving the strongest and most important argument for last, making it the culmination of the arguments presented. A definite request by the author that the reader DO something as a result of reading. This is a must in the persuasive essay. A simple repetition of the key points of the essay is often necessary if the essay is long and the writer wants to remind the reader of the key arguments. A rewording of the thesis (not a word-by-word repetition) reminds readers of the main topic and its method of treatment. Serves as a reminder to the reader. In this method the writer would use words or phrases from the introduction of the essay at the end, bringing the reader full circle (closing by returning to the beginning). AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE AUDIENCE: PURPOSE: The specific group of people an author attempts to appeal to in writing an essay. The reason a text has been written. When we re looking at specific essay types, the purpose will be related to one of the following: POSSIBLE PURPOSES OF AN ESSAY: To persuade/argue To explain/inform To entertain FORMAL AND INFORMAL STYLE Style is the manner by which a person writes. Style is often determined by subject matter essays written about more serious issues tend to be more formal in nature. FORMAL Written in THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW Features lengthy paragraphs and detailed sentences Does not use contractions ( I ve is the contraction for I have ) Uses sophisticated vocabulary Poses few, if any, rhetorical questions Does not include sentence fragments Factual and well documented Tone is RATIONAL, meaning detached, neutral, informative or scientific INFORMAL Written in FIRST or SECOND PERSON POINT OF VIEW Features shorter paragraphs and more basic sentences Uses contractions ( Don t is the contraction for Do not ) Uses common, more conversational vocabulary Poses rhetorical questions and devices Uses sentence fragments Tone is EMOTIONAL OTHER TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH STYLE Cliché A stereotyped sentence or phrase, usually expressing a popular or common thought or idea that has lost originality, ingenuity, and impact by long overuse. EX: Someone woke up on the wrong side of the bed! Colloquial A word, phrase, or aphorism used in plain and relaxed speech, but rarely found in formal writing. Colloquialisms can generally be understood across age and socioeconomic barriers as long as the speakers are all from the same geographic region. EX: She s as old as the hills! Dialect The language of a particular area, class, or group of persons. For example, some of Newfoundland s out port communities have interesting dialects. EX: Yes b y! Euphemism A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. EX: Passed away instead of died Idiom A phrase that has a different meaning that that of the words that make it up. The meaning of an idiom cannot be determined by looking up the meanings of the separate words. Rather, when these words are put together in a specific way, the meaning is something new and separate. EX: It s raining cats and dogs! Jargon Words and phrases used in an occupation, trade, or field of study. For example, we might speak of medical jargon, sports jargon, police jargon, or military jargon. EX: Political jargon uses the term left wing for progressive viewpoints or right wing for conservative viewpoints. Slang Informal diction or the use of vocabulary considered inconsistent with the preferred formal wording common among the educated or elite in a culture. It is usually specific to a culture, age, or time. It can also involve incorrect grammar (EX: ain t ), as well as lingo or jargon from a particular era. (EX: bread or dough instead of money in the 1960s).

4 EMPHASIS Emphasis is the means by which important elements are made to stand out in a paragraph or essay. WITHIN AN ESSAY: Forceful topic sentences Effective closing sentences Placement of key ideas near beginning / end Elaboration with supporting ideas Comparison and contrast Purposeful repetition of words and phrases Repetition and restatement of sentences Parallel structure Rhetorical questions Sentence brevity / use of fragments Use of punctuation marks or font TO CONCLUDE AN ESSAY: Call to action (persuasive) Summary Thesis restatement Closing by return UNITY AND COHERENCE Unity is when everything in a paragraph or essay contains only relevant information to the paragraph or essay. Coherence refers to the logical bridge between words, sentences, and paragraphs. UNITY INCLUDES The basic organization of an essay with a thesis supported by relevant details. The basic organization of a paragraph with a topic sentence supported by relevant evidence. The use of clincher sentences, closing by return, and thesis statements. The establishment of point of view which is carried throughout the essay. COHERENCE INCLUDES The arrangement of ideas in logical order or proper sequence. Showing the relationship between ideas connectives or transitions show smooth carryover of ideas (pronouns can function as connectors in this manner). Transitions are words or phrases that help to achieve a smooth carryover within and between sentences, paragraphs, and sections of writing. Can be framing words (in the first place, secondly, finally, etc.) Can be temporal references (last week, seconds later, than, we, etc.) Can be spatial references (in front of, behind, etc.) Can be general connectives / coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, etc.) Can be subordinating conjunctions (because, hence, consequently, however, as a result of, etc.) Can be oppositional (unlike, whereas, despite, etc.) Pronoun reference is using a pronoun to refer to a noun in an earlier phrase or sentence to show linkage of ideas without being monotonous or awkwardly repetitive. EX: The students brought their books to class so that they could do their assignments.

5 THESIS STATEMENTS In the case of an expository essay, a thesis statement is a complete sentence that answers the prompt or question being asked about a text. Thesis statements are usually found in the introductory paragraph are written as one complete sentence containing THREE parts: TOPIC: The topic is what the will be about (the main subject of the prompt and essay). This may be a character, the author, a literary device, etc. The topic can usually be found directly in the prompt. POSITION: The position is the writer s opinion about the topic or subject matter that is being written about in the essay. The position is truly an opinion and NOT a fact. The options for the position can usually be found directly in the prompt. RATIONALE: The reason the writer holds that position or opinion. This is usually preceded by the word because. EXAMPLE: There are some other important notes to consider with regards to thesis statement. For instance A good thesis is specific, but does not go into too much detail. In other words, give specific answers, but do not start defending your answers with quotes, examples, or analysis. If you give away your answers in the introduction, then you will have nothing left to write in your body paragraphs. A topic, position, and rationale must be present in your thesis, however, you can reverse the order as long as it makes grammatical sense. Make sure to write your thesis, as well as your essay, in present tense! Finally, do NOT say 'I believe...' or 'I think...' In your thesis at any time. It is obvious that you think this because otherwise you wouldn't be writing about it! Saying I believe... or I think... makes your writing sound juvenile and stylistically immature.

ENGLISH 1201: Essays and Prose

ENGLISH 1201: Essays and Prose Name: Slot: ENGLISH 1201: Essays and Prose Introductory Handout ESSAY DEVELOPMENT TYPES NARRATION: tells a story about an event or experience in the writer s life. The purpose of this writing is to reveal

More information

Non-Fiction Terms for Constructed Response and Essay Analysis students will be expected to know, recognize and apply these concepts and terms to

Non-Fiction Terms for Constructed Response and Essay Analysis students will be expected to know, recognize and apply these concepts and terms to Non-Fiction Terms for Constructed Response and Essay Analysis students will be expected to know, recognize and apply these concepts and terms to analyse an unseen essay. Style: The way a writer puts words

More information

Mr. Cunningham s Expository text

Mr. Cunningham s Expository text Mr. Cunningham s Expository text project Book due Now _You will have turn in dates on Tunitin.com for some of the more important sections to see how you are doing. These will be graded. October 19 First1/4

More information

Writing Terms 12. The Paragraph. The Essay

Writing Terms 12. The Paragraph. The Essay Writing Terms 12 This list of terms builds on the preceding lists you have been given in grades 9-11. It contains all the terms you were responsible for learning in the past, as well as the new terms you

More information

December 12th Book done : two best examples of section eight through twelve

December 12th Book done : two best examples of section eight through twelve Mr. Cunningham s Expository text project Book due September 16 17 _You will have turn in dates on Tunitin.com for some of the more important sections to see how you are doing. These will be graded. October

More information

English 3201 Final Exam - Study Guide 2018

English 3201 Final Exam - Study Guide 2018 English 3201 Exam Format 1. Viewing Media: 3 selected response, 1 constructed response = 9 marks 2. Viewing Artistic: 1 constructed response = 6 marks 3. Poetic Study: 8 selected response, 2 constructed

More information

CST/CAHSEE GRADE 9 ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTS (Blueprints adopted by the State Board of Education 10/02)

CST/CAHSEE GRADE 9 ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTS (Blueprints adopted by the State Board of Education 10/02) CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: READING HSEE Notes 1.0 WORD ANALYSIS, FLUENCY, AND SYSTEMATIC VOCABULARY 8/11 DEVELOPMENT: 7 1.1 Vocabulary and Concept Development: identify and use the literal and figurative

More information

SECTION EIGHT THROUGH TWELVE

SECTION EIGHT THROUGH TWELVE SECTION EIGHT THROUGH TWELVE Rhetorical devices -You should have four to five sections on the most important rhetorical devices, with examples of each (three to four quotations for each device and a clear

More information

English 1201 Mid-Term Exam - Study Guide 2018

English 1201 Mid-Term Exam - Study Guide 2018 IMPORTANT REMINDERS: 1. Before responding to questions ALWAYS look at the TITLE and pay attention to ALL aspects of the selection (organization, format, punctuation, capitalization, repetition, etc.).

More information

Language & Literature Comparative Commentary

Language & Literature Comparative Commentary Language & Literature Comparative Commentary What are you supposed to demonstrate? In asking you to write a comparative commentary, the examiners are seeing how well you can: o o READ different kinds of

More information

English 1201 Final Exam - Study Guide 2018

English 1201 Final Exam - Study Guide 2018 English 1201 Final Exam Format: 1. Media Literacy: 1 constructed response question = 6 marks 2. Prose Literacy: 7 selected response, 2 constructed response = 19 marks 3. Analytical Writing: 1, 5 paragraph

More information

Arkansas Learning Standards (Grade 12)

Arkansas Learning Standards (Grade 12) Arkansas Learning s (Grade 12) This chart correlates the Arkansas Learning s to the chapters of The Essential Guide to Language, Writing, and Literature, Blue Level. IR.12.12.10 Interpreting and presenting

More information

Prose. What You Should Already Know. Wri tten in Pa ragra ph s

Prose. What You Should Already Know. Wri tten in Pa ragra ph s Prose What You Should Already Know Wri tten in Pa ragra ph s Types of Prose Nonfiction (based on fact rather than on the imagination, although may can contain fictional elements) -essay, biography, letter,

More information

Personal Narrative STUDENT SELF-ASSESSMENT

Personal Narrative STUDENT SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 Personal Narrative Does my topic relate to a real event in my life? Do I express the events in time order and exclude unnecessary details? Does the narrative have an engaging introduction? Does the narrative

More information

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS Content Domain l. Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, and Reading Various Text Forms Range of Competencies 0001 0004 23% ll. Analyzing and Interpreting Literature 0005 0008 23% lli.

More information

12th Grade Language Arts Pacing Guide SLEs in red are the 2007 ELA Framework Revisions.

12th Grade Language Arts Pacing Guide SLEs in red are the 2007 ELA Framework Revisions. 1. Enduring Developing as a learner requires listening and responding appropriately. 2. Enduring Self monitoring for successful reading requires the use of various strategies. 12th Grade Language Arts

More information

General Educational Development (GED ) Objectives 8 10

General Educational Development (GED ) Objectives 8 10 Language Arts, Writing (LAW) Level 8 Lessons Level 9 Lessons Level 10 Lessons LAW.1 Apply basic rules of mechanics to include: capitalization (proper names and adjectives, titles, and months/seasons),

More information

Glossary alliteration allusion analogy anaphora anecdote annotation antecedent antimetabole antithesis aphorism appositive archaic diction argument

Glossary alliteration allusion analogy anaphora anecdote annotation antecedent antimetabole antithesis aphorism appositive archaic diction argument Glossary alliteration The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. allusion An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event. analogy

More information

Types of Literature. Short Story Notes. TERM Definition Example Way to remember A literary type or

Types of Literature. Short Story Notes. TERM Definition Example Way to remember A literary type or Types of Literature TERM Definition Example Way to remember A literary type or Genre form Short Story Notes Fiction Non-fiction Essay Novel Short story Works of prose that have imaginary elements. Prose

More information

Mr. Wangelin Freshman English & American Literature

Mr. Wangelin Freshman English & American Literature Mr. Wangelin Freshman English & American Literature 1 Intro consists of at least 4 sentences Sentences: 1. Grabber Gets the attention of the reader. YOUR GRABBER IS NOT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT!!! Yes, true

More information

Section 1: Reading/Literature

Section 1: Reading/Literature Section 1: Reading/Literature 8% Vocabulary (1.0) 1 Vocabulary (1.1-1.5) Vocabulary: a. Analyze the meaning of analogies encountered, analyzing specific comparisons as well as relationships and inferences.

More information

RHETORICAL DEVICES. Rhetoric: the art of effective, persuasive speaking or writing

RHETORICAL DEVICES. Rhetoric: the art of effective, persuasive speaking or writing RHETORICAL DEVICES Rhetoric: the art of effective, persuasive speaking or writing Ethos, Pathos, and Logos are terms coined by the Greek Philosopher Aristotle (they are also known as the Aristotelian Appeals)

More information

Adjust oral language to audience and appropriately apply the rules of standard English

Adjust oral language to audience and appropriately apply the rules of standard English Speaking to share understanding and information OV.1.10.1 Adjust oral language to audience and appropriately apply the rules of standard English OV.1.10.2 Prepare and participate in structured discussions,

More information

UNIT PLAN. Subject Area: English IV Unit #: 4 Unit Name: Seventeenth Century Unit. Big Idea/Theme: The Seventeenth Century focuses on carpe diem.

UNIT PLAN. Subject Area: English IV Unit #: 4 Unit Name: Seventeenth Century Unit. Big Idea/Theme: The Seventeenth Century focuses on carpe diem. UNIT PLAN Subject Area: English IV Unit #: 4 Unit Name: Seventeenth Century Unit Big Idea/Theme: The Seventeenth Century focuses on carpe diem. Culminating Assessment: Research satire and create an original

More information

1. I can identify, analyze, and evaluate the characteristics of short stories and novels.

1. I can identify, analyze, and evaluate the characteristics of short stories and novels. CUMBERLAND COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT BENCHMARK ASSESSMENT CURRICULUM PACING GUIDE School: CCHS Subject: English Grade: 10 Benchmark Assessment 1 Instructional Timeline: 6 Weeks Topic(s): Fiction Kentucky

More information

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in.

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in. Prose Terms Protagonist: Antagonist: Point of view: The main character in a story, novel or play. The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was

More information

Arkansas Learning Standards (Grade 10)

Arkansas Learning Standards (Grade 10) Arkansas Learning s (Grade 10) This chart correlates the Arkansas Learning s to the chapters of The Essential Guide to Language, Writing, and Literature, Blue Level. IR.12.10.10 Interpreting and presenting

More information

Glossary of Literary Terms

Glossary of Literary Terms Page 1 of 9 Glossary of Literary Terms allegory A fictional text in which ideas are personified, and a story is told to express some general truth. alliteration Repetition of sounds at the beginning of

More information

Eleventh Grade Language Arts Curriculum Pacing Guide

Eleventh Grade Language Arts Curriculum Pacing Guide 1 st quarter (11.1a) Gather and organize evidence to support a position (11.1b) Present evidence clearly and convincingly (11.1c) Address counterclaims (11.1d) Support and defend ideas in public forums

More information

AP LANGUAGE SUMMER WORK ASSIGNMENT 2017 ASSIGNMENT 1: BRING TO CLASS ON THE FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL

AP LANGUAGE SUMMER WORK ASSIGNMENT 2017 ASSIGNMENT 1: BRING TO CLASS ON THE FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL TRHS AP English Language and Composition Summer Packet for the 2017-2018 School Year Instructor: Mrs. Patty Deyermond email: patty.deyermond@timberlane.net or patty.deyermond@gapps.timberlane.net AP LANGUAGE

More information

Rhetoric. Class Period: Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the

Rhetoric. Class Period: Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the Name: Class Period: Rhetoric Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the author. We tend to believe people whom we respect and find credible Ex: If my years as a soldier

More information

Correlated to: Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework with May 2004 Supplement (Grades 5-8)

Correlated to: Massachusetts English Language Arts Curriculum Framework with May 2004 Supplement (Grades 5-8) General STANDARD 1: Discussion* Students will use agreed-upon rules for informal and formal discussions in small and large groups. Grades 7 8 1.4 : Know and apply rules for formal discussions (classroom,

More information

1. alliteration (M) the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words

1. alliteration (M) the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words Sound Devices 1. alliteration (M) the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of nearby words 2. assonance (I) the repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words 3. consonance (I) the repetition of

More information

Standard 2: Listening The student shall demonstrate effective listening skills in formal and informal situations to facilitate communication

Standard 2: Listening The student shall demonstrate effective listening skills in formal and informal situations to facilitate communication Arkansas Language Arts Curriculum Framework Correlated to Power Write (Student Edition & Teacher Edition) Grade 9 Arkansas Language Arts Standards Strand 1: Oral and Visual Communications Standard 1: Speaking

More information

K-12 ELA Vocabulary (revised June, 2012)

K-12 ELA Vocabulary (revised June, 2012) K 1 2 3 4 5 Alphabet Adjectives Adverb Abstract nouns Affix Affix Author Audience Alliteration Audience Animations Analyze Back Blends Analyze Cause Categorize Author s craft Beginning Character trait

More information

Lake Elsinore Unified School District Curriculum Guide & Benchmark Assessment Schedule English 10

Lake Elsinore Unified School District Curriculum Guide & Benchmark Assessment Schedule English 10 Benchmark Reading Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development.: Identify and use the literal and figurative meanings of words and understand word derivations..: Distinguish between the

More information

District of Columbia Standards (Grade 9)

District of Columbia Standards (Grade 9) District of Columbia s (Grade 9) This chart correlates the District of Columbia s to the chapters of The Essential Guide to Language, Writing, and Literature, Blue Level. 9.EL.1 Identify nominalized, adjectival,

More information

Personal Narrative STUDENT SELF-ASSESSMENT. Ideas YES NO Do I have a suitable topic? Do I maintain a clear focus?

Personal Narrative STUDENT SELF-ASSESSMENT. Ideas YES NO Do I have a suitable topic? Do I maintain a clear focus? 1 Personal Narrative Do I have a suitable topic? Do I maintain a clear focus? Do I engage the reader in the introduction? Do I use a graphic organizer for planning? Do I use chronological order? Do I leave

More information

What is SOAPSTone? Speaker: The voice that tells the story Occasion: The time and the place of the

What is SOAPSTone? Speaker: The voice that tells the story Occasion: The time and the place of the SOAPSTone What is SOAPSTone? Speaker: The voice that tells the story Occasion: The time and the place of the piece; the context that prompted the writing. Audience: The group of readers to whom this piece

More information

The Three Elements of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, Pathos

The Three Elements of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, Pathos The Three Elements of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, Pathos One of the three questions on the English Language and Composition Examination will often be a defend, challenge, or qualify question. The first step

More information

Comparative Rhetorical Analysis

Comparative Rhetorical Analysis Comparative Rhetorical Analysis When Analyzing Argument Analysis is when you take apart an particular passage and dividing it into its basic components for the purpose of examining how the writer develops

More information

idea or concept to another, from one sentence or paragraph to another. ie. It means arranging ideas in a logical order and showing the relationship

idea or concept to another, from one sentence or paragraph to another. ie. It means arranging ideas in a logical order and showing the relationship Essay notes Coherence The smooth and effective transition from one idea or concept to another, from one sentence or paragraph to another. ie. It means arranging ideas in a logical order and showing the

More information

Correlation --- The Manitoba English Language Arts: A Foundation for Implementation to Scholastic Stepping Up with Literacy Place

Correlation --- The Manitoba English Language Arts: A Foundation for Implementation to Scholastic Stepping Up with Literacy Place Specific Outcome Grade 7 General Outcome 1 Students will listen, speak, read, write, view and represent to explore thoughts, ideas, feelings and experiences. 1. 1 Discover and explore 1.1.1 Express Ideas

More information

UNIT PLAN. Grade Level: English I Unit #: 2 Unit Name: Poetry. Big Idea/Theme: Poetry demonstrates literary devices to create meaning.

UNIT PLAN. Grade Level: English I Unit #: 2 Unit Name: Poetry. Big Idea/Theme: Poetry demonstrates literary devices to create meaning. UNIT PLAN Grade Level: English I Unit #: 2 Unit Name: Poetry Big Idea/Theme: Poetry demonstrates literary devices to create meaning. Culminating Assessment: Examples: Research various poets, analyze poetry,

More information

SpringBoard Academic Vocabulary for Grades 10-11

SpringBoard Academic Vocabulary for Grades 10-11 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.6 Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career

More information

Correlation to Common Core State Standards Books A-F for Grade 5

Correlation to Common Core State Standards Books A-F for Grade 5 Correlation to Common Core State Standards Books A-F for College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading Key Ideas and Details 1. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to

More information

California Content Standards that can be enhanced with storytelling Kindergarten Grade One Grade Two Grade Three Grade Four

California Content Standards that can be enhanced with storytelling Kindergarten Grade One Grade Two Grade Three Grade Four California Content Standards that can be enhanced with storytelling George Pilling, Supervisor of Library Media Services, Visalia Unified School District Kindergarten 2.2 Use pictures and context to make

More information

GCPS Freshman Language Arts Instructional Calendar

GCPS Freshman Language Arts Instructional Calendar GCPS Freshman Language Arts Instructional Calendar Most of our Language Arts AKS are ongoing. Any AKS that should be targeted in a specific nine-week period are listed accordingly, along with suggested

More information

Middle School Language Arts/Reading/English Vocabulary. adjective clause a subordinate clause that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun

Middle School Language Arts/Reading/English Vocabulary. adjective clause a subordinate clause that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun adjective a word that describes a noun adverb a word that describes a verb Middle School Language Arts/Reading/English Vocabulary adjective clause a subordinate clause that modifies or describes a noun

More information

AP English Language Summer Reading

AP English Language Summer Reading Welcome to Advanced Placement English Language and Composition! I will look forward to meeting you and working with you toward the goal of improving your reading, writing, and test-taking skills as part

More information

character rather than his/her position on a issue- a personal attack

character rather than his/her position on a issue- a personal attack 1. Absolute: Word free from limitations or qualification 2. Ad hominem argument: An argument attacking a person s character rather than his/her position on a issue- a personal attack 3. Adage: Familiar

More information

English II STAAR EOC Review

English II STAAR EOC Review English II STAAR EOC Review Reporting Category 1 Understanding and Analysis across Genres E2.1A SS determine the meaning of grade-level technical academic English words in multiple content areas (e.g.,

More information

AP English Language and Composition Summer Assignment: Analysis

AP English Language and Composition Summer Assignment: Analysis Reading Log: Take notes in the form of a reading log. Read over the explanation and example carefully. It is strongly recommended you have completed eight log entries from five separate sources by the

More information

introduction body of the essay conclusion

introduction body of the essay conclusion Every essay has a beginning, a middle, and an end. In a five-paragraph essay, the first paragraph is called the introduction. The next three paragraphs consist of the body of the essay. The fifth and final

More information

Curriculum Map: Academic English 10 Meadville Area Senior High School

Curriculum Map: Academic English 10 Meadville Area Senior High School Curriculum Map: Academic English 10 Meadville Area Senior High School Course Description: This year long course is specifically designed for the student who plans to pursue a four year college education.

More information

Processing Skills Connections English Language Arts - Social Studies

Processing Skills Connections English Language Arts - Social Studies 2a analyze the way in which the theme or meaning of a selection represents a view or comment on the human condition 5b evaluate the impact of muckrakers and reform leaders such as Upton Sinclair, Susan

More information

Analytical: the writer s reaction to a body of work through a critical lens) Literary analysis: analyzes one aspect of the text (i.e.

Analytical: the writer s reaction to a body of work through a critical lens) Literary analysis: analyzes one aspect of the text (i.e. Analytical: the writer s reaction to a body of work through a critical lens) Literary analysis: analyzes one aspect of the text (i.e. imagery, mood, etc.) to uncover the piece s theme Rhetorical analysis:

More information

LA CAFÉ. 25 August Could I designate a person to set ipad timer for 9:50 every Monday 8A and 10:42 8B?

LA CAFÉ. 25 August Could I designate a person to set ipad timer for 9:50 every Monday 8A and 10:42 8B? LA CAFÉ 25 August 2014 Could I designate a person to set ipad timer for 9:50 every Monday 8A and 10:42 8B? Appetizer: DGP Week 3 Monday Please identify parts of speech including nouns (be as specific as

More information

GLOSSARY OF TECHNIQUES USED TO CREATE MEANING

GLOSSARY OF TECHNIQUES USED TO CREATE MEANING GLOSSARY OF TECHNIQUES USED TO CREATE MEANING Active/Passive Voice: Writing that uses the forms of verbs, creating a direct relationship between the subject and the object. Active voice is lively and much

More information

expository/informative expository/informative

expository/informative expository/informative expository/informative An Explanatory Essay, also called an Expository Essay, presents other people s views, or reports an event or a situation. It conveys another person s information in detail and explains

More information

English III Honors 2018 Summer Assignment

English III Honors 2018 Summer Assignment English III Honors 2018 Summer Assignment Part I: Terminology for AP Language and Composition Directions: Familiarize yourself with these terms. Please be prepared for a series of quizzes over the course

More information

Cite. Infer. to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text.

Cite. Infer. to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text. 1. 2. Infer to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text. Cite to quote as evidence for or as justification of an argument or statement 3. 4. Text

More information

Grade 6 Overview texts texts texts fiction nonfiction drama texts author s craft texts revise edit author s craft voice Standard American English

Grade 6 Overview texts texts texts fiction nonfiction drama texts author s craft texts revise edit author s craft voice Standard American English Overview During the middle-grade years, students refine their reading preferences and lay the groundwork for being lifelong readers. Sixth-grade students apply skills they have acquired in the earlier

More information

Introduction to Rhetoric. The Language of Composition Chapter 1

Introduction to Rhetoric. The Language of Composition Chapter 1 Introduction to Rhetoric The Language of Composition Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Vocabulary AUDIENCE: The person(s) receiving the message CONTEXT: The time and place in which a message is given PURPOSE: The goal

More information

foreshadowing imagery irony message mood/atmosphere motif point of view (effect)

foreshadowing imagery irony message mood/atmosphere motif point of view (effect) POETIC STUDY Quiz Format: 4 selected response questions 1 constructed response question Study Tips - Review literary and language terms in key terms booklets. - Review the format for responding to 6 point

More information

Literary Terms Review. Part I

Literary Terms Review. Part I Literary Terms Review Part I Protagonist Main Character The Good Guy Antagonist Characters / Forces that work against the main character Plot / Plot Development Sequence of Events Exposition The beginning

More information

Topic the main idea of a presentation

Topic the main idea of a presentation 8.2a-h Topic the main idea of a presentation 8.2a-h Body Language Persuasion Mass Media the use of facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture, and movement to communicate a feeling or an idea writing

More information

The Essay M E A N I N G T O A T T E M P T / T O T R Y

The Essay M E A N I N G T O A T T E M P T / T O T R Y The Essay F R O M T H E F R E N C H W O R D E S S A Y E R M E A N I N G T O A T T E M P T / T O T R Y An Essay is Difference Between Essay and Short Story ESSAY Authors are concerned principally with expressing

More information

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in.

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in. Prose Terms Protagonist: Antagonist: Point of view: The main character in a story, novel or play. The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was

More information

A.P. Language and Composition Rhetorical Terms & Glossary

A.P. Language and Composition Rhetorical Terms & Glossary A.P. Language and Composition Rhetorical Terms & Glossary Abstract Allegory Anecdote Annotation Antithesis Aphorism Apostrophe refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images ( ideas

More information

Chapter 2: Reading for the Main Idea and Author s Purpose

Chapter 2: Reading for the Main Idea and Author s Purpose Chapter 2: Reading for the Main Idea and Author s Purpose Topic + Controlling Idea= Main Idea Topic is like a title or who or what the passage is about (underline once). Controlling Idea is a descriptive

More information

STAAR Overview: Let s Review the 4 Parts!

STAAR Overview: Let s Review the 4 Parts! STAAR Overview: Let s Review the 4 Parts! Q: Why? A: Have to pass it to graduate! Q: How much time? A: 5 hours TOTAL Q: How should I do the test? A: 1st Plan and Write your Essay 2nd Reading Questions

More information

ENGLISH I STAAR EOC REVIEW. Reporting Category 1 Understanding and Analysis across Genres

ENGLISH I STAAR EOC REVIEW. Reporting Category 1 Understanding and Analysis across Genres ENGLISH I STAAR EOC REVIEW Reporting Category 1 Understanding and Analysis across Genres E1.1A SS determine the meaning of grade-level technical academic English words in multiple content areas (e.g.,

More information

Harrisonburg City Public Schools 7 th Grade Advanced English Curriculum Pacing Guide

Harrisonburg City Public Schools 7 th Grade Advanced English Curriculum Pacing Guide 1st Nine Weeks Units: Author's Purpose/ Story Elements/ Characterization Theme: Relationships 7.4 (a-b, e, f); 7.5 (a, e-i, l); 7.6 (a, d, f. h, i, k, l) 7.7 (a-d, f-g, j-k); 7.8 (a, d,e-f, h) Read Alouds:

More information

STAAR Reading Terms 6th Grade. Group 1:

STAAR Reading Terms 6th Grade. Group 1: STAAR Reading Terms 6th Grade Group 1: 1. synonyms words that have similar meanings 2. antonyms - words that have opposite meanings 3. context clues - words, phrases, or sentences that help give meaning

More information

Rhetorical Analysis Terms and Definitions Term Definition Example allegory

Rhetorical Analysis Terms and Definitions Term Definition Example allegory Rhetorical Analysis Terms and Definitions Term Definition Example allegory a story with two (or more) levels of meaning--one literal and the other(s) symbolic alliteration allusion amplification analogy

More information

Analysis of Diction and Syntax. Close reading strategy

Analysis of Diction and Syntax. Close reading strategy Analysis of Diction and Syntax Close reading strategy What is diction? l In all forms of literature authors choose particular words to convey effect and meaning to the reader. Diction is employed to communicate

More information

Evaluating the Elements of a Piece of Practical Writing The author of this friendly letter..

Evaluating the Elements of a Piece of Practical Writing The author of this friendly letter.. Practical Writing Intermediate Level Scoring Rubric for a Friendly Letter (to be used upon completion of Lesson 4) Evaluating the Elements of a Piece of Practical Writing The author of this friendly letter..

More information

Advanced Placement English Language and Composition 2018 Summer Assignment

Advanced Placement English Language and Composition 2018 Summer Assignment Advanced Placement English Language and Composition 2018 Summer Assignment Part I: Terminology for AP Language and Composition Directions: Familiarize yourself with these terms. Please be prepared for

More information

STYLISTIC AND RHETORICAL FEATURES

STYLISTIC AND RHETORICAL FEATURES STYLISTIC AND RHETORICAL FEATURES A GLOSSARY These devices are useful as it is how something is said, not what is said that usually wins over an audience. The writer must get her message across to the

More information

Writing an Academic Essay

Writing an Academic Essay Writing an Academic Essay Essay Writing Phases Planning Thinking Researching Writing Editing Plan Think Write Think of Writing as a Step-by-Step Process Read and Research Brainstorm Ideas Develop a Working

More information

Grade: 9 Subject: English Year: IN PROGRESS

Grade: 9 Subject: English Year: IN PROGRESS R-Review First Nine Weeks Grade: 9 Subject: English Year: 2017-2018 IN PROGRESS # Days SOL Student Essential Knowledge and Skills Resources Vocabulary Bloom s 4 GR Virtual Classroom-Moodle Star Reading

More information

BPS Interim Assessments SY Grade 2 ELA

BPS Interim Assessments SY Grade 2 ELA BPS Interim SY 17-18 BPS Interim SY 17-18 Grade 2 ELA Machine-scored items will include selected response, multiple select, technology-enhanced items (TEI) and evidence-based selected response (EBSR).

More information

Volume, pace, clarity and expression are appropriate. Tone of voice occasionally engages the audience

Volume, pace, clarity and expression are appropriate. Tone of voice occasionally engages the audience SCO 1: justify understanding of an idea, issue, or through effective communication Verbal/ Non-Verbal Communication Volume, pace, clarity and expression are inappropriate Tone of voice fails to engage

More information

How Appeals Are Created High School Lesson

How Appeals Are Created High School Lesson English How Appeals Are Created Lesson About this Lesson For studying appeals, advertisements can provide an easy, accessible, and fun way to look at how rhetoric can be used to manipulate the audience.

More information

Cedar Rapids Community School District

Cedar Rapids Community School District NINTH GRADE LANGUAGE ARTS Standard A: Reading Students will apply the reading process to comprehend a variety of materials. LA 9.A.5 Use reading skills to comprehend a wide range of fiction and nonfiction

More information

This is a template or graphic organizer that explains the process of writing a timed analysis essay for the AP Language and Composition exam.

This is a template or graphic organizer that explains the process of writing a timed analysis essay for the AP Language and Composition exam. INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH Write a broad, universal statement relating to the subject or the theme of the text here. Read the prompt information to clue you into the SOAPStone. Hopefully, you have a bit of

More information

Hints & Tips ENGL 1102

Hints & Tips ENGL 1102 Hints & Tips ENGL 1102 Writing a Solid Thesis Think of your thesis as the guide to your paper. Your introduction has the power to inspire your reader to continue or prompt them to put your paper down.

More information

LITERARY TERMS TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE (BE SPECIFIC) PIECE

LITERARY TERMS TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE (BE SPECIFIC) PIECE LITERARY TERMS Name: Class: TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLE (BE SPECIFIC) PIECE action allegory alliteration ~ assonance ~ consonance allusion ambiguity what happens in a story: events/conflicts. If well organized,

More information

LANGUAGE ARTS GRADE 3

LANGUAGE ARTS GRADE 3 CONNECTICUT STATE CONTENT STANDARD 1: Reading and Responding: Students read, comprehend and respond in individual, literal, critical, and evaluative ways to literary, informational and persuasive texts

More information

Glossary of Rhetorical Terms*

Glossary of Rhetorical Terms* Glossary of Rhetorical Terms* Analyze To divide something into parts in order to understand both the parts and the whole. This can be done by systems analysis (where the object is divided into its interconnected

More information

Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know

Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know 1. ALLITERATION: Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginnings of words and within words as well. Alliteration is used to create melody, establish mood, call attention

More information

Cornell Notes Topic/ Objective: Name:

Cornell Notes Topic/ Objective: Name: Cornell Notes Topic/ Objective: Name: 1st Quarter Literary Terms Class/Period: Date: Essential Question: How do literary terms help us readers and writers? Terms: Author s purpose Notes: The reason why

More information

Curriculum Map. Unit #3 Reading Fiction: Grades 6-8

Curriculum Map. Unit #3 Reading Fiction: Grades 6-8 Curriculum Map Unit #3 Reading Fiction: Grades 6-8 Grade Skills Knowledge CS GLE Grade 6 Reading Literature 1: Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences

More information

CASAS Content Standards for Reading by Instructional Level

CASAS Content Standards for Reading by Instructional Level CASAS Content Standards for Reading by Instructional Level Categories R1 Beginning literacy / Phonics Key to NRS Educational Functioning Levels R2 Vocabulary ESL ABE/ASE R3 General reading comprehension

More information

ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE

ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE SACAI Winter School 2016 Paper 1 - Comprehension, Summary and Language 70 Marks 2 hrs Section A Comprehension - 30 marks Section B Summary 10 marks Section C Language 30 marks Comprehension

More information

First Grade mclass Kindergarten First Grade Specific Second Grade Third Grade Fourth Grade Reading Literature Reading Informational Text

First Grade mclass Kindergarten First Grade Specific Second Grade Third Grade Fourth Grade Reading Literature Reading Informational Text Kindergarten First Grade First Grade mclass Specific Second Grade Third Grade Fourth Grade Alphabet adjetives who Adverb abstract nouns Reading Literature Author audience what Alliteration audience inference

More information

English 7 Gold Mini-Index of Literary Elements

English 7 Gold Mini-Index of Literary Elements English 7 Gold Mini-Index of Literary Elements Name: Period: Miss. Meere Genre 1. Fiction 2. Nonfiction 3. Narrative 4. Short Story 5. Novel 6. Biography 7. Autobiography 8. Poetry 9. Drama 10. Legend

More information

9 th Honors Language Arts SUMMER READING AND WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

9 th Honors Language Arts SUMMER READING AND WRITING ASSIGNMENTS Success in 9 th Honors Language Arts will require careful and critical reading, constant writing, and serious dedication. In order to ensure a good foundation for our course of study, you will need to

More information

The art and study of using language effectively

The art and study of using language effectively The art and study of using language effectively Defining Rhetoric Aristotle defined rhetoric as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. Rhetoric is the art of communicating

More information