oetry Genres of or pertaining to a distinctive literary type (Examples of two types of genres are Literary Texts and Informational Texts)

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1 oetry Genres of or pertaining to a distinctive literary type (Examples of two types of genres are Literary Texts and Informational Texts) Literary Texts examples: Fiction, Literary Nonfiction, Poetry, Drama, Media Literacy Informational Texts examples: Expository, Persuasive, Procedural, Media Literacy Narrative Poetry (3rd)-Narrative poetry is a genre of poetry that tells a story, or narrates. It does not always follow the rules of punctuation and capitalization used in prose stories. Narrative poems may be told in rhyme. The term "narrative poetry" is often reserved for smaller works, generally with more appeal to human interest. Narrative poetry is poetry that has a plot. The poems that make up this genre may be short or long, and the story it relates to may be simple or complex. It is usually non-dramatic, with objective regular scheme and meter. Narrative poems include epics, ballads, idylls and lays. Shorter narrative poems are often similar in style to the short story. Sometimes these short narratives are collected into interrelated groups, as with Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Humorous Poetry (3rd)- A humorous poem is humorous! It can make you laugh, or has witty or silly, nonsensical humor in it. It does not necessarily have to make you laugh, but it's fun to. Lyrical Poetry (3rd, 4th)o Lyrical poetry is a genre that, unlike epic poetry and dramatic poetry, does not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more personal nature. Rather than depicting characters and actions, it portrays the poet's own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions. The lyric has the function of revealing, in terms of pure art, the secrets of the inner life, its hopes, its fantastic joys, its sorrows, its delirium. While the genre's name, derived from "lyre", implies that it is intended to be sung, much lyrical poetry is meant purely for reading. Though lyrical poetry has long celebrated love, many courtly-love poets also wrote lyric poems about war and peace, nature and nostalgia, grief and loss. The most popular form for western lyrical poetry to take may be the 14-line sonnet. Lyrical poetry shows a bewildering variety of forms, including increasingly, in the 2Oth century, unrhymed ones. Lyrical poetry is the most common type of poetry, as it deals intricately with an author's own emotions and views. When read, readers may think about similar feelings and experiences they have had, or they may imagine the feelings described by the poet. Other forms of the lyric include ballads, villanelles, odes, pastourelle, and canzone.

2 Free Verse Poetry (3rd, 4th)- Free verse is a form of poetry that is written without a pattern of rhyme, meter, or line length. Poets have explained that free verse, despite its freedom, is not free. Free verse displayssome elements of form. Most free verse, for example, self-evidently continues to observe a convention of the poetic line in some sense, at least in written representations, thus retaining a potential degree of linkage, however nebulous, with more traditional forms. Poets use words and images to help make free verse feel different from regular sentences. Although free verse requires no meter, rhyme, or other traditional poetic techniques, a poet can still use them to create some sense of structure. A clear example of this can be found in Walt Whitman's poems, where he repeats certain phrases and uses commas to create both a rhythm and structure. Simile (3rd-Sth)- A simile compares one thing to another (generally) by using the word like or as. She kicks like a mule. He flopped like a fish out of water. When he got the tools out, he was as precise and thorough as a surgeon. She walks as gracefully and elegantly as a cat, o "But this truth is more obvious than the sun--here It Is; look at itl its brightness blinds you," "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:" - William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18 "I'm happier than a tornado in a trailer park." - Mater, Cars Metaphor (3ra-Sth)o Metaphors are comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way. Metaphors are created for the purpose of insightful reading, usually for the purpose of better internal visualization and comparison to another concept from which one can draw his or her own conclusion. For example, a metaphor that compares snow to a white blanket would read: the snow is a white blanket. Personification (3rd-Sth)- Personification is any attribution of human characteristics (or characteristics assumed to belong only to humans) to animals, nonqiving things, phenomena, material states, objects or abstract concepts, such as organizations, governments, spirits or deities. Repetition(3rd-5th)-Repetition of a sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, stanza, or metrical pattern is a basic unifying device in all poetry. Poets may use repetition to emphasize a word or an idea, or to create special sounds or rhythms in poems. It may reinforce, supplement, or even substitute for meter, the other chief controlling factor in the arrangement of words into poetry.

3 Stanza (4th)- In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. Usually the lines in a stanza are related to each other in the same way sentences of a paragraph "go together". In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe; in popular vocal music, a stanza is typically referred to as a "verse" (distinct from the refrain, or chorus). Stanzas can be identified and grouped together because they share a rhyme scheme or a fixed number of lines; 2 lines = Couplet :3 lines = Tercet 4 lines = Quatrain 5 lines = Cinquain, Quintain (poetry) -ÿ 6 lines = Sestet 7 lines = Septet 8 lines = Octave Rhyme (4th)- A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds in two or more words and is most often used in poetry and songs. The word "rhyme" may also refer to a short poem, such as a rhyming couplet or other brief rhyming poem such as nursery rhymes. Meter (4th)- Meter is the measured arrangement of words in poetry, as by accentual rhythm, syllabic quantity, or the number of syllables in a line. It is a particular arrangement of wolÿds in poetry, such as iambic pentameter, determined by the kind and number of metrical units in a line. Meter is the rhythmic pattern of a stanza, determined by the kind and number of lines. Meters are customarily grouped according to a characteristic metrical foot and the number of feet per line. Thus, "iambic pentameter" is a meter comprising five feet per line, in which the predominant kind of foot is the "lamb". In English, each foot usually includes one syllable with a stress and one or two without a stress. In English, stressed syllables are typically pronounced with greater volume, greater length, and higher pitch, and are the basis for poetic meter. The generally accepted names for some of the most commonly used kinds of feet include: iamb- one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (e.g. describe, include, retract) trochee- one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable (e.g. picture, flower) dactyl- one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables (e.g. annotate an-nootate) anapest- two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable (e.g. comprehend com-pre-hend) spondee- two stressed syllables together (e.g. emough) pyrrhie two unstressed syllables together (rare, usually used to end dactylic hexameter)

4 Line Break (4th) ÿ A point in writing where text that would normally continue on the same line starts at the beginning of a new line, Poetry is often separated into lines on a page, These lines may be based on the number of metrical feet, or may emphasize a rhyming pattern at the ends of lines. Lines may serve other functions, particularly where the poem is not written in a formal metrical pattern. Lines can separate, compare or contrast thoughts expressed in different units, or can highlight a change in tone, A line break may serve to emphasize a pause or a silence, signal a change of movement or to suppress or highlight certain internal features of the poem, such as a rhyme or slant rhyme. Alliteration (Sth)o When several words beginning with the same sound are next to each other or close together. This repetition of the same sound or same kind of sound at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, such as "on scrolls of silver snowy sentences" (Hart Crane) is called alliteration, Modern alliteration is predominantly consonantal; certain Ilterary traditions, such as Old English verse, also alliterate using vowel sounds. Internal Rhyme (5th)ÿ In poetry, internal rhyme, or middle rhyme, is rhyme that occurs in a single line of verse. Internal rhyme occurs in the middle of a line, as exemplified by Coleridge, "In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud" or "Whiles all the night through fogosmoke white," in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven" also exhibits internal rhyme: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weal< and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten, lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. "'Tis some visitor', I muttered, 'tapping at my chamber door- Internal rhyme is also used extensively in modern hip hop music, having been pioneered by seminal artists such as Kool Moe Dee, and Rakim, as demonstrated in the latter's piece, "My Melody". Onomatopoeia (Sth)o An onomatopoeia is a word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes. Onomatopoeia (as an uncountable noun) refers to the property of such words. Common occurrences of onomatopoeias include animal noises, such as "oink" or "meow" or "roar". Onomatopoeias are not the same across all languages; they conform to some extent to the broader linguistic system they are part of; hence the sound of a clock may be "tick tock" in English, "di da" in Mandarin, or "katchin katchin" in Japanese, U

5 Rhyme scheme (5th) = A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyme between lines of a poem or song. It is usually referred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme. In other words, it is the pattern of end rhymes or lines. A rhyme scheme gives the scheme of the rhyme; a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem (the end words). Bid me to weep, and I will weep (A) While I have eyes to see; (B) And having none, and yet I will keep (A) A heart to weep for thee. (B) There are many different such forms, each with its own associations and resonances to cause a particular effect on the reader. A basic distinction is between rhyme schemes that apply to a single stanza, and those that continue their pattern throughout an entire poem. There are also more elaborate related forms, like the sestina - which requires repetition of exact words in a complex pattern.

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