SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE. Essays in Communication and Exchange. Second Edition

Transcription

1 SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE Essays in Communication and Exchange Second Edition ANTHONY WILDEN

2 Contents PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Introduction (1980): The Scientific Discourse: Knowledge as a Commodity page xiii XVI xvii XVIII I II The Symbolic, the Imaginary, and the Real: Lacan, Levi-Strauss, and Freud 1 Metaphor and Metonymy: Freud's Semiotic Model of Condensation and Displacement 31 1 The Two Theories 0/Symbolism in Psychoanalysis 31 2 Overdetermination and Equifinality: Relations betueen Relations 34 3 The Freudian Points 0/ View 40 4 Cathexis and Intentionality 41 5 The Semiotic-Grammatic Metaphor 43 6 Condensation and Displacement 46 7 Metaphor and Met01lymy 47 8 The Repression 0/the Signifier 50 9 Manzanita Wood Postscript 60 III IV Death, Desire, and Repetition: Commentary on Svevo's Confessions 0/Zeno Montaigne on the Paradoxes of Individualism: A Communication about Communication 1 The Ideology 0/the Self 2 Levels and Mirtors

3 viii : CONTENTS 3 The Communicational Model 4 Bildung and Entäusserung 5 The Paradoxes of Existence 6 Know Thyself 7 Pathological Communication page V VI The Double Bind: Schizophrenia and Gödel 1 Closure and Context 2 Logical Conditions for the Double Bind 3 Real Conditions 4 The Paradox of Paradox Beyond the Entropy Principle in Freud 1 Introduction: The Biomechanistic View 2 Cybernetic Explanation 3 Critique of the Energy Model 4 Homeostasis and Repetition 5 Energy and Information 6 Secondary Process and Signijication 7 The Fort! Da! of Beyond the Pleasure Principle 8 Verneinung and Verleugnung VII Analog and Digital Communication: On Negation, Signification, and Meaning The Analog Computer The Digital Computer The Computer and the Brain: Boundaries and ~~ 1~ 4 Distinctions in Logical Form Distinctions in Function Difference, Distinction, and Opposition Logical Typing Play Digitalization and Decision: The Nerve Axon Zero and Not Some Guiding Principles 188 Appendix I: A Table of Relations 191 Appendix 11: Analog and Digital, by Vincent Hollier 196

4 VIII IX X Epistemology and Ecology: The Difference that Makes the Difference 1 Some Tentative Axioms 2 The Counter-adaptive Results of Adaptive Change 3 Positive Feedback 4 The Paranoia of Symmetry 5 Cogito ergo sum 6 The Biasodal Unit ofsurvival 7 Dialectics and Schismogeneris 8 Better Dead than Red CONTENTS 1X page Nature and Culture: The Emergence of Symbolic and Imaginary Exchange Grammar and Gödel Information, Meaning, and Redundancy Structure and Infrastructure: The Questicm of the Unconscious Leoi-Strauss and Systems Theory The Symbolic Function Nature and Culture: Anthropology Nature and Culture: Zoology Nature and Culture: Economic Exchange Theory Recapitulation: Symbolic Exchange The Imaginary other in Relation to the Other The Problem ofinterorganismic Authority The Symbolic and the Veil of Maia C. S. Peirce on Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness Nature and Culture: The Phallus in Exchange Nature and Culture: Primary Process and Secondary Process Summary: Use Value and Exchange Value 272 Appendix: The Logical Typing of the Symbolic, the lmaginary, and the Real, by Gerald Hall 274 Critique of Phallocentrism: Daniel Pau1 Sehreber on Women's Liberation Therapy and Ithology Lacan's Theory of the Name-of-the-Father 281

5 x. CONTENTS 3 The Phallus as the Instrument ofexploitation 4 Repressed Homosexuality and Paranoia 5 Schreber's Desire to be Unmanned 6 Sehreber as a Social Philosopher page XI The Structure as Law and Order: Piaget's Genetic Structuralism 1 The Representatioe Metaphor 2 Piaget' s Review of Structural Theories 3 Piaget's Conceptum of Structure 4 A Note on Multifinality 5 Piaget' s Atomistic Rationalism 6 The Confusion Between Development and Evolution 7 Natura non facit saltum 8 Structuralism and Economics 9 Bioenergetics and Marxism 10 Games, Probahility, Diachronie Linguistics 11 Leoi-Strauss: One-dimensionality, Autonomy, Closure 12 Piaget and Gödel 13 The Structure as Law and Order XII Ecosystem and Metasystem: A Morphogenie Model of Emergenee in Open Systems Selection and Combination System and Metasystem Homeostasis, Homeorhesis, Homeogenesis, Morphegenesis The System as an Ecosystem Subject to Non- Holonomic Constraints The Closed and the Open System Complexity and Teleonomy Entropy and Injlexibility Osciliation, Tension, Contradiction The Morphostatic Model The Survival ofthe Fittest The Morphogenie Model Evolution in the Arehaie System Capital and Entropy 390

6 CONTENTS xi XIII XIV Order from Disorder: Noise, Trace, and Event in Evolution and in History page The Writing Metaphor in Freud Logocentrism and the Trace Noise in Evolution Noise in History Hegel on Erinnerung Redundant Synchrony and Permanent Evolution 406 The Scientific Discourse as Propaganda: The Binary Opposition Epistemological Considerations The International Unity of the Scientific Discourse The Scientific Discourse as Propaganda The Enemy Brothers Philosophies of Opposition A Note on Genetic Difference Postscript 428 XV Language and Communication The Goalseeking System and the Law of Absence Communication and the Impossible Dialogue Bioenergetic Thinking and Rationalism Communication and Biology Extension of the Critique 440 XVI XVII Linguistics and Semiotics: The Unconscious Structured like a Language Preliminary Critique The Unconscious and the Primary Process: The Urverdrängung Freud's Two Languages Linguists, Semiotics, Ideology The Splitting of the Subject 460 The Ideology of Opposition and Identity: Critique of Lacan's Theory of the Mirror-stage in Childhood Introduction The Mirror-stage Sartre's Transcendence of the Ego 465

7 xii CONTENTS 4 Being and Madness page Death and Narcissism: The Solipsist and the Salauds The Confusion ofthe Symbolic with the Real: Science and Theology One Way Out Master and Slave in Context The Violence of the Reduetion of the Cultural to the Ontological Summary oflacan's Position The Ego's Attempts to Square the Circle Phallocentrism in the Body-Image Concluding Unscientijk Postscript 487 APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL NOTES (1980) 490 BIBLIOGRAPHY 523 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING (1980) 545 NAME INDEX 559 SUBJECT INDEX 565 NAME INDEX (ADDITIONS) 587 SUBJECT INDEX (ADDITIONS) 589