Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at"

Transcription

1 Form and Content in Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn" Author(s): Roy Arthur Swanson Source: College English, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Jan., 1962), pp Published by: National Council of Teachers of English Stable URL: Accessed: :33 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at National Council of Teachers of English is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to College English

2 302 COLLEGE ENGLISH suggest strongly must take another look. sweet What possession rewa heaven: beauty, of the eternal poet could aspire, rest, with the dead perf Blake's language young is always man and woman, richly to go to a placevoc and the connotations of eternal beauty and rest? in Surely this soul. poe notably vivid and His sunflower precise. his soul. As the last line Any doubts the of the reader poem brings the symbol may into perspective, all the other are images dispelled fall into place b have Blake means heaven two examples around he it. gives The poem's meaning of other becomes are going to this clear: same the writer, weary "golden of man's measured clim young man who time "pined on earth, longs away for the reward with of that is, did not eternity. sin, But to did achieve his not purpose Blake give carnal desire, and does not the compare "fair soul with sunflower; Virgin he from sin, pristine, equates them, shrouded and the two words become with for purity, arise interchangeable to go within where the structure the of the sun also wishes to poem. go-heaven, We cannot even say that almos the poem tainly, or at least has two Blake's levels, because concept this is clearly not of peace. a poem about a sunflower in any sense. The soul-symbol is artfully restricted and pinpointed. What kind of sunflower is this that yearns for the same life after death that humans Because this poem is brief and because do? The answer lies in a key word in the last line-my. Blake tells us that his sunflower yearns for infinity, rest, is "weary the entire poem presents a single symbol, I have found it a very effective tool in teaching symbolism to college freshmen. of time." To construe this possessive as The "unlocking" of the poem itself is a reference to a personal or privately ownedstimulating class exercise, and the students' sunflower makes the poem ridiculous, and pleasure at comprehending what they had since there is nothing in the poem's tone thought to be obscure is, as usual, the to indicate satire or humor of any kind, we English teacher's reward. FORM AND CONTENT IN KEATS'S "ODE ON A GRECIAN URN" It has become an esthetician's principle that form and content in a veritable work of art are identical. Great works of Greek literature appear to bear this out; their content in general is an assertion of those universal and manifold modes of proportion comprehended in the concept of the golden mean, an ideal sustenance of balance between extremes; their form in general is characterized by "Classical balance": stylistic symmetry and parallelism, that is, basically, chiasmus and anaphora. Classical balance and the golden mean are ultimately identical in great Greek literature. This RoY ARTHUR SWANSON An associate professor in the Classics Department of the University of Minnesota, Mr. Swanson is the editor of Odi et Amo: The Complete Poetry of Catullus (1959). must have been clear to Keats, whose "Ode on a Grecian Urn" reiterates the identity. But the reiteration is in the nature of a Romantic manifesto. Keats, a Romantic poet, contemplates a Classical Greek urn; his Romantic reaction to Classical balance results in a poem whose form is Classical and whose content is Romantic. His identification of form and content is a reconciliation of the Classical and the Romantic. This reconciliation is a type of synthesis. It is a synthesis of the logical and the illogical, of symmetry and asymmetry. We associate the logical and the symmetrical with Classicism, the illogical and asymmetrical with Romanticism. Our association here is, of course, general, for Classical works do admit and exploit illogicalities, as H.D.F. Kitto has shown in Form and Meaning in

3 ROUND TABLE 303 Drama, and Romantic umbilical stanza creates the works focus of the do presence of logicalities, poem, incidentally-the idea of such sempiternal as courses of Don happiness Quixote discoverable only which in the stasis of ha orientations than art. The stanza, chivalry. like the activities on the In K the Classical and the Romantic elements urn, is in medio. are complementary, insofar as opposites, These or are all examples of Classical balance. e.g., They, like the pastoral scene on the disparities, complement each other: black and white, illogicalities and Classical urn, reflect the "golden mean." Keats tragedy, logicalities and Don Quixote. freezes The the ideal pastoral action. The fact that Keats's ode identifies such complements is certainly no more startling beginning than and end, between the extremes described activity is in the mean between the fact that Nicholas V (or Pius II, of etc.) inception and realization. Both the form was a "humanist Pope," but is, for all (ode) that, and the content (depicted and depicting urn) are each a "cold pastoral," a paradox, the essential and functional paradox of the poem. The paradoxes freezing to (i.e., making constant) forever the which Cleanth Brooks refers ("Keats's warmth of activity in ritu. Sylvan Historian" in The Well-Wrought The succession of rhetorical or deliberative questions in the first and fourth stanzas Urn) are examples of Romantic illogicality (e.g., silent speech, motionless actors, perpetual novelty, cold warmth). is also from the Classical tradition. The form (rhetorical question) is identical with There are two chiasmi in the first stanza. the content (Dionysiac mystery); that is, Lines 1 and 2 include: the unanswered questions along with the A B B orgiastic and sacrificial rites, concerning still [a which they were tempo posed, constitute mysteries. A The urn, too, on which the mysterious -time rites are presented in relief, is, like the Thou still unravish'd bride of quiteness, eternity it symbolizes, a mystery which does Thou foster-child of silence and slow "tease us out of thought." There is no time... rational or logical solution to the mystery. The disposition of lines 5-9 is chiastic: One can only contemplate and experience A What... the urn and eternity, illogically and irrationally ("out of thought": We need some B Of... C In... such word as "erationally" or "aponetically.") This, then, would be a Romantic B What... A What... experience of a Classical item, a supralogical of reaction the to logical and symmetrical The fifth stanza echoes a balance silence-time theme with "silent" and proportions: the reaction of the Romantic Keats to the Classical urn. "eternity." There are, as in the first stanza, two chiasmi: for eternity has no perspective, no beginning-middle-end. Only that which is within brede-men-maidens-ove thought is capable of symmetry. The golden "Beauty is truth, mean is a symmetrically truth defined all-middle; beau Anaphora but is eternity obvious cannot be all-middle, because in t it precludes the extremes which define the form of stanzas middle The fi "Thou" (twice) and "What There is also There the is additional successio asymmetry in the conceit of lines 11-13: A B Sylvan historian flowery tale leaf-fringed legend. In the third stanza "happy" is repeated six times, "for ever" four times, etc. This The urn is symmetrical in proportion, but it symbolizes that which is asymmetrical, Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; Not to the sensual ear... "Heard melodies" are definite; they have

4 304 COLLEGE ENGLISH each a beginning, giving middle, birth to consideration and of the end abstract. Keats here or prefers inferred, the sweetness of unheard, i.e., imagined definite, not subject the abstract, undefined to symmetry by sense, to that of when we hear only the concrete, a portion defined by sense. of a fa melody, we supply As the tangible, the unheard balanced urn inspires par is, we complete subjectively consideration of the intangible what ("Not to the is jectively presented sensual ear, to but, our more endear'd,/pipe sense of to theh The heard part spirit is sweet; ditties of no tone"), the it is unhea clear that demands from us the Classical an effort gives birth to which, the Romantic. p results in pleasure, As Keats sees possibly Romanticism in Classicism, for our made it, possibly the two because become identical. Just it so, men has and re us with the satisfaction gods are identified in of line 8, competen since the depicted figures may then, be either; and may chiastic be pletion. Imagination, reward us by returning disposition balances the identity: our dream instant we provide it; investment and are simultaneous and identical. This is more immediate when a melody is provided in its deities-morta entirety by the imagination. A concrete The urn is addressed in the first stanza as item, such as a figure on Keats's urn, gives (1) "still unravish'd bride of quietness," rise to purely abstract pleasure. The whole (2) "foster-child of silence and slow time," melody is then unheard and is completely and (3) "Sylvan historian"; in the last independent of the sense of hearing. stanza as (4) "Attic shape," (5) "Fair The symmetry of a Greek temple directs our eye to the middle, the columnar Pastoral." As an "unravish'd bride" the urn attitude," (6) "silent form," and (7) "Cold mean. This provides the pleasure of a whole is itself comparable with one of its parts, comparable with a heard melody. An asymmetrical object directs our eye to the in- the second stanza. The idea in "foster- the girl pursued by the "bold Lover" of complete extreme. The pleasures of Classical child of silence and slow time" is reiterated art lie in the mean, those of Romantic art in "silent form" teasing "us out of in the extreme. The Romantic artist permits thought/as doth eternity." Silence teases or challenges the viewer, reader, or listener us out of thought, eternity is out of time, to complete the art work and, in doing so, the sweeter melodies are out of sound: this accords him the pleasure of creation is a progression from the definite to the through use of the imagination. Allusive indefinite, from the symmetry of the urn poetry may be said to be Romantic in this to the asymmetry of the undefined. The respect; it enables the appreciator to aid indefinite is co-extensive with the definite as artistic composition by recognizing and the urn is co-extensive with its parts, or, applying the "unheard" part to which the specifically, with one of its parts. The remaining apostrophes exemplify literature- allusion is made. We are reminded of the pleasure which a child derives from putting in-sculpture. "Sylvan historian" and "Cold together a model whose parts have been Pastoral" call to mind generic modes of prefabricated; pleasure in a pre-assembled literary composition (history and the pastoral); "shape," "attitude," and "form" are model is esthetic, but in an assembly of the model it is creative as well. consonant with sculpture. Again "bride" When an esthetically pleasing objectand "foster-child" relate humanity to art stimulates pure contemplation and the creation of, say, a melody independent of the the two. Finally, the means by which these (literature and sculpture) by identifying senses-when, as Plato suggests in the Symposium, the love of beauty, i.e., in a made-apostrophe, synecdoche, personifica- Romantically illogical identifications are beautiful object, gives rise to the love of tion, metonymy-are, to be sure, Classical birth in beauty-then the derived pleasurefigures of speech. is sweeter insofar as it is more abstract and Form is one thing, content another. In less bound to sense. Plato, of course, great art they coalesce, as one thing and recognized the value of the concrete another in thing become the same thing:

5 ROUND TABLE 305 sound ("pipes the and tangible timbrels") becomb silence ("no tone"), becomes thought literature, b experience, symmetry Classicism becomes Romanticism. becomes asy A READING OF "THE WINDHOVER" DANIEL STEMPEL Let us begin with an article of faith: Hopkins was not an "obscure" poet. What he had to say was complex and difficult and his verse reflects this complexity. His ambiguity-when he is ambiguous-is deliberate, not a byproduct of confusion or diffuse intuitions. The signs are there; with care and attention it is possible to follow him through to the heart of the poem. Any reading of Hopkins' verse must be based on the assumption that every word, every mark of stress, every line-division was placed there for an exactly planned and calculated effect. There is no carelessness in Hopkins' writing, no nonchalant tossing off of lines with a courtly sprezzatura. Each critic begins from his own vantage- control of the wind currents and rapid wing-beats. It is not, as Harrison points out, a soaring bird which circles over an area. The second type of flight is a swift darting to another fixed position by a rapid change in flight direction or by a downwind glide. The structure of the octave reflects the two modes of flight of the windhover and the contrast between these modes is the theme which is developed through the entire sonnet. From the first words to the end of the long adjectival sequence modifying "air," the poet is describing the hovering of the kestrel, "his riding/ Of the rolling level underneath him steady air." The bird is relatively motionless, completely at ease in its element, simply maintaining point and enters the maze of the poem from its position in the supporting medium. Then the angle corresponding to his peculiar perspective. The theologian approaches it as a "strides" into the wind, bends one wing and comes the change in flight. The bird vehicle for the embodiment of doctrine; the uses it as a pivot to swing around. The stylist as an experiment in metrics; the bending of the wing in order to "bank," as amateur psychologist as a personal confession, and so on. To review every readingpointed arch in the wing structure, like a pilot might put it, creates a kind of of "The Windhover" would be a major the arch of a nun's wimple (not a rippling task of research. Instead, let us begin again, of the surface!). Then, with the added lift not with doctrine or language or psychology but with the referent, the actual event swings downwind with the full force of the gained by flying into the wind, the bird which Hopkins witnessed and from whichwind supporting his rapid glide. This is he abstracted those elements which make what Hopkins means by "the hurl and up the image that dominates the poem and gliding/ Rebuffed the big wind." In contrast to his former static flight, the bird gives it its title. What Hopkins saw may give us the clue to what he is saying. has flung himself directly against the wind The flight of the windhover or European and has used its power for his own advantage; it has hurled itself against opposition kestrel has been described in Thomas P. Harrison's article on "The Birds of Gerard and has made that opposing force work for Manley Hopkins" (SP, July 1957) and init. This-not the hovering over one spotis the essence of "the achieve of, the mas- the writings of amateur and professional birdwatchers. There are two modes of flighttery of the thing!" utilized by the bird: first, the type of flight "My heart in hiding" seems to be a clear indicated by its name, "hovering" or remaining fixed over one point by delicatethe open sky, and the "caged skylark" of contrast between the bird in action, out in the poet's spirit, "This in drudgery, daylabouring-out life's age." He marvels at the Mr. Stempel, University of Hawaii, teaches in the English department and the English Language Institute of the East-West Center. stirs in sympathy with that heroic complete freedom of the bird and his heart con-

Cleanth Brooks on Keats's Urn

Cleanth Brooks on Keats's Urn Cleanth Brooks on Keats's Urn KEATS'S SYLVAN HISTORIAN: HISTORY WITHOUT FOOTNOTES -from The Well Wrought Urn by Cleanth Brooks There is much in the poetry of Keats which suggests he would have approved

More information

Ode on a Grecian Urn. In relation to. Light in August

Ode on a Grecian Urn. In relation to. Light in August Ode on a Grecian Urn In relation to Light in August Analysis of Ode on a Grecian Urn Stanza I Speaker has idle curiosity about the life on the urn. He raises questions about abstract concepts, such as

More information

FINAL GRECIAN URN DRAFTS AP LIT & COMP. #1 Natalia D, Isabella, Coco, Ariel

FINAL GRECIAN URN DRAFTS AP LIT & COMP. #1 Natalia D, Isabella, Coco, Ariel FINAL GRECIAN URN DRAFTS AP LIT & COMP #1 Natalia D, Isabella, Coco, Ariel In his Ode to a Grecian Urn, Keats compares different scenes depicted on a vase as true tales from the depths of the past. The

More information

Keats Negative Capability and Oneness of Beauty and Truth in Ode on a Grecian Urn

Keats Negative Capability and Oneness of Beauty and Truth in Ode on a Grecian Urn Keats Negative Capability and Oneness of Beauty and Truth in Ode on a Grecian Urn Dr. Bhagavatidevi A. Chudasama Government Teacher, Mandvi (Gujarat) E-mail: bhagavati_c@yahoo.com Abstract The job of a

More information

John Keats. di Andrea Piccolo. Here lies one whose name was writ in the water

John Keats. di Andrea Piccolo. Here lies one whose name was writ in the water John Keats Important poet for his fusion between neoclassical elements with the Romantic spirit. Love for Middle Ages ambientations and Ancient Greek world (great enthusiasm for the first translation of

More information

Allegory. Convention. Soliloquy. Parody. Tone. A work that functions on a symbolic level

Allegory. Convention. Soliloquy. Parody. Tone. A work that functions on a symbolic level Allegory A work that functions on a symbolic level Convention A traditional aspect of literary work such as a soliloquy in a Shakespearean play or tragic hero in a Greek tragedy. Soliloquy A speech in

More information

Key Traits 1. What are the key traits of Romantic Poetry? How is Romantic (with a capital R) different from romantic?

Key Traits 1. What are the key traits of Romantic Poetry? How is Romantic (with a capital R) different from romantic? English 12 Mrs. Nollette BHS Name Class Key Traits 1. What are the key traits of Romantic Poetry? How is Romantic (with a capital R) different from romantic? To a Mouse Robert Burns 2. With what country

More information

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. and university levels. Before people attempt to define poem, they need to analyze

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. and university levels. Before people attempt to define poem, they need to analyze CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Poem There are many branches of literary works as short stories, novels, poems, and dramas. All of them become the main discussion and teaching topics in school

More information

Writing an Explication of a Poem

Writing an Explication of a Poem Reading Poetry Read straight through to get a general sense of the poem. Try to understand the poem s meaning and organization, studying these elements: Title Speaker Meanings of all words Poem s setting

More information

IB Analysis and Fundamentals of Composition Guide

IB Analysis and Fundamentals of Composition Guide The 10 Commandments of IB Analysis: IB Analysis and Fundamentals of Composition Guide #1: Despite the vagueness or the complexity of a given analysis prompt, assume that analytical prompts are essentially

More information

Glossary of Literary Terms

Glossary of Literary Terms Alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in accented syllables. Allusion An allusion is a reference within a work to something famous outside it, such as a well-known person,

More information

Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know

Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know Sixth Grade 101 LA Facts to Know 1. ALLITERATION: Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginnings of words and within words as well. Alliteration is used to create melody, establish mood, call attention

More information

Key Ideas and Details

Key Ideas and Details Marvelous World Book 1: The Marvelous Effect English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Literature» Grades 6-8 This document outlines how Marvelous World Book 1: The Marvelous Effect meets the requirements

More information

Objective vs. Subjective

Objective vs. Subjective AESTHETICS WEEK 2 Ancient Greek Philosophy & Objective Beauty Objective vs. Subjective Objective: something that can be known, which exists as part of reality, independent of thought or an observer. Subjective:

More information

What are the key preoccupations of the Romantic poet and how are these evinced in Keats letters and poems, and in Shelley s Skylark

What are the key preoccupations of the Romantic poet and how are these evinced in Keats letters and poems, and in Shelley s Skylark What are the key preoccupations of the Romantic poet and how are these evinced in Keats letters and poems, and in Shelley s Skylark One of the main preoccupations of the Romantic poet is that of a longing

More information

Literature Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly

Literature Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly Grade 8 Key Ideas and Details Online MCA: 23 34 items Paper MCA: 27 41 items Grade 8 Standard 1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific

More information

BOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS

BOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Literary Forms POETRY Verse Epic Poetry Dramatic Poetry Lyric Poetry SPECIALIZED FORMS Dramatic Monologue EXERCISE: DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE Epigram Aphorism EXERCISE: EPIGRAM

More information

2016 Year One IB Summer Reading Assignment and other literature for Language A: Literature/English III Juniors

2016 Year One IB Summer Reading Assignment and other literature for Language A: Literature/English III Juniors 2016 Year One IB Summer Reading Assignment and other literature for Language A: Literature/English III Juniors The Junior IB class will need to read the novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Listed below

More information

Mrs Nigro s. Advanced Placement English and Composition Summer Reading

Mrs Nigro s. Advanced Placement English and Composition Summer Reading Mrs Nigro s Advanced Placement English and Composition Summer Reading Reading #1 Read Hamlet- A Parallel Text (Perfection Learning) As you read the play, fill out the novel/play worksheet attached. Complete

More information

English 1310 Lesson Plan Wednesday, October 14 th Theme: Tone/Style/Diction/Cohesion Assigned Reading: The Phantom Tollbooth Ch.

English 1310 Lesson Plan Wednesday, October 14 th Theme: Tone/Style/Diction/Cohesion Assigned Reading: The Phantom Tollbooth Ch. English 1310 Lesson Plan Wednesday, October 14 th Theme: Tone/Style/Diction/Cohesion Assigned Reading: The Phantom Tollbooth Ch. 3 & 4 Dukes Instructional Goal Students will be able to Identify tone, style,

More information

CH302 Random Musings, April 19, 2011

CH302 Random Musings, April 19, 2011 CH302 Random Musings, April 19, 2011 1. We are rolling downhill to the finish line. A reminder that the last random musings was a tour de force of important information--all the questions for the rest

More information

Wild Swans at Coole. W. B. Yeats

Wild Swans at Coole. W. B. Yeats Wild Swans at Coole W. B. Yeats Background Published in 1918 Coole Park was a retreat for Yeats. It was a property owned by the Gregory family and had been in that family for 200 years. Yeats said it was

More information

Literary Terms Review. AP Literature

Literary Terms Review. AP Literature Literary Terms Review AP Literature 2012-2013 Overview This is not a conclusive list of literary terms for AP Literature; students should be familiar with these terms at the beginning of the year. Please

More information

100 Best-Loved Poems. Chapter-by-Chapter Study Guide. (Ed.) Philip Smith

100 Best-Loved Poems. Chapter-by-Chapter Study Guide. (Ed.) Philip Smith Chapter-by-Chapter Study Guide (Ed.) Philip Smith Learning objectives Study Guide with short-answer questions Background information Vocabulary in context Multiple-choice test Essay questions Literary

More information

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at Michigan State University Press Chapter Title: Teaching Public Speaking as Composition Book Title: Rethinking Rhetorical Theory, Criticism, and Pedagogy Book Subtitle: The Living Art of Michael C. Leff

More information

The Art of Stasys Krasauskas

The Art of Stasys Krasauskas Ontario Review Volume 9 Fall-Winter 1978-79 Article 19 April 2017 The Art of Stasys Krasauskas Mykolas Sluckis Stasys Krasauskas Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.usfca.edu/ontarioreview

More information

Poem in Brief: On the Grasshopper and the Cricket "The poetry of earth is never dead" "The poetry of earth is ceasing never"

Poem in Brief: On the Grasshopper and the Cricket The poetry of earth is never dead The poetry of earth is ceasing never John Keats was born on October 31st, 1795 in London, England. He was a romantic poet and his poetry was marked by vivid imageries expressed through philosophy and great sensuous appeal. Some of his famous

More information

My Grandmother s Love Letters

My Grandmother s Love Letters My Grandmother s Love Letters by Hart Crane There are no stars tonight But those of memory. Yet how much room for memory there is In the loose girdle of soft rain. There is even room enough For the letters

More information

Grade 7. Paper MCA: items. Grade 7 Standard 1

Grade 7. Paper MCA: items. Grade 7 Standard 1 Grade 7 Key Ideas and Details Online MCA: 23 34 items Paper MCA: 27 41 items Grade 7 Standard 1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific

More information

Pine Hill Public Schools Curriculum

Pine Hill Public Schools Curriculum Pine Hill Public Schools Curriculum Content Area: Course Title/ Grade Level: English English 12 Honors Unit 1: The Anglo-Saxon and Medieval Period/Middle Ages Duration: 9 Weeks Unit 2: Renaissance and

More information

John Keats Eve of St. Agnes

John Keats Eve of St. Agnes http John Keats Eve of St. Agnes http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/st_agnes.html Religious Background to St. Agnes Eve St. Agnes, the patron saint of virgins, died a martyr in fourth

More information

THE USE OF IMAGERY IN THE ODES OF KEATS

THE USE OF IMAGERY IN THE ODES OF KEATS THE USE OF IMAGERY IN THE ODES OF KEATS Assistant Professor Department of English P. U. Constituent College, Dharmkot, Moga. (Punjab) INDIA In the nineteenth century, poetry began to be regarded as non-propositional,

More information

AN EXERCISE IN PRACTICAL CRITICISM: G.M. HOPKINS' "THE WINDHOVER"

AN EXERCISE IN PRACTICAL CRITICISM: G.M. HOPKINS' THE WINDHOVER AN EXERCISE IN PRACTICAL CRITICISM: G.M. HOPKINS' "THE WINDHOVER" Charles' Briffa G.M. Hopkins (1844-89) was ordained priest in 1877. He composed the following sonnetin the same year,but it was published

More information

Allusion brief, often direct reference to a person, place, event, work of art, literature, or music which the author assumes the reader will recognize

Allusion brief, often direct reference to a person, place, event, work of art, literature, or music which the author assumes the reader will recognize Allusion brief, often direct reference to a person, place, event, work of art, literature, or music which the author assumes the reader will recognize Analogy a comparison of points of likeness between

More information

Scholar Critic ISSN (Print)

Scholar Critic ISSN (Print) Keatisian Concept of Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty: an Interpretation Mr. Krishna Praveen and Dr. V. Anitha Devi Department of English, SSL VIT University, Vellore Abstract: John Keats, the celebrated

More information

Close Reading: Analyzing Poetry and Passages of Fiction. The Keys to Understanding Literature

Close Reading: Analyzing Poetry and Passages of Fiction. The Keys to Understanding Literature Close Reading: Analyzing Poetry and Passages of Fiction The Keys to Understanding Literature Close Reading a. small details suggest larger ideas b. HOW does the meaning of a piece come about Close Reading

More information

Language Arts Literary Terms

Language Arts Literary Terms Language Arts Literary Terms Shires Memorize each set of 10 literary terms from the Literary Terms Handbook, at the back of the Green Freshman Language Arts textbook. We will have a literary terms test

More information

Romantic Poetry Presentation AP Literature

Romantic Poetry Presentation AP Literature Romantic Poetry Presentation AP Literature The Romantic Movement brief overview http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=rakesh_ramubhai_patel The Romantic Movement was a revolt against the Enlightenment and its

More information

5. Aside a dramatic device in which a character makes a short speech intended for the audience but not heard by the other characters on stage

5. Aside a dramatic device in which a character makes a short speech intended for the audience but not heard by the other characters on stage Literary Terms 1. Allegory: a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. Ex: Animal Farm is an

More information

Scope and Sequence Subject Area: AP/pre-AP English Literary Terms, page 1 Secondary Grades 6 12

Scope and Sequence Subject Area: AP/pre-AP English Literary Terms, page 1 Secondary Grades 6 12 Subject Area: AP/pre-AP English Literary Terms, page 1 Secondary Grades 6 12 Definitions and explanations of terms can be found in Harmon & Holman s A Handbook to Literature = grade (s) where term should

More information

JOURNAL OF ELT AND POETRY

JOURNAL OF ELT AND POETRY JOURNAL OF ELT AND POETRY A Peer reviewed International Research Journal Articles available online http://ww.journalofelt.in A Premier Publication from KY PUBLICATIONS, India. RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol.2.Issue.6.,

More information

Poetry 11 Terminology

Poetry 11 Terminology Poetry 11 Terminology This list of terms builds on the preceding lists you have been given at Riverside in grades 9-10. It contains all the terms you were responsible for learning in the past, as well

More information

ENGLISH IV - Year-at-a-Glance Writing TEKS Recurring all year: C and D OWC TEKS A & B A, A

ENGLISH IV - Year-at-a-Glance Writing TEKS Recurring all year: C and D OWC TEKS A & B A, A Grading Period Weeks Reading TEKS Fig 19.A and Fig 19.B 12.1.A-D (emphasis on 11.1.B & D) 12.5.D ENGLISH IV - Year-at-a-Glance 2017-2018 Writing TEKS 12.13.C and 12.13.D OWC TEKS 12.17.A & B 12.18.A, 12.19.A

More information

Campus Academic Resource Program How to Read and Annotate Poetry

Campus Academic Resource Program How to Read and Annotate Poetry This handout will: Campus Academic Resource Program Provide brief strategies on reading poetry Discuss techniques for annotating poetry Present questions to help you analyze a poem s: o Title o Speaker

More information

AP Lit: Glossary of Common Literary Terms

AP Lit: Glossary of Common Literary Terms Dorsey 1 accent AP Lit: Glossary of Common Literary Terms The prominence or emphasis given to a syllable or word. In the word poetry, the accent (or stress) falls on the first syllable. Allegory A narrative

More information

Internal Conflict? 1

Internal Conflict? 1 Internal Conflict? 1 Internal Conflict Emotional + psychological dilemmas inside a character as s/he faces events 2 External Conflict? 3 External Conflict Outer obstacles found in environment, other characters,

More information

Elements: Stanza. Formal division of lines in a poem Considered a unit Separated by spaces. Couplets: two lines Quatrains: four lines

Elements: Stanza. Formal division of lines in a poem Considered a unit Separated by spaces. Couplets: two lines Quatrains: four lines Elements: Stanza Formal division of lines in a poem Considered a unit Separated by spaces Couplets: two lines Quatrains: four lines 2 Speaker Imaginary voice assumed by poet Often not identified by name

More information

Adjust oral language to audience and appropriately apply the rules of standard English

Adjust oral language to audience and appropriately apply the rules of standard English Speaking to share understanding and information OV.1.10.1 Adjust oral language to audience and appropriately apply the rules of standard English OV.1.10.2 Prepare and participate in structured discussions,

More information

Phonology Unit ١٣ Phonemic symbol review A- Transcribe the following sentences : a. / t / b. / / c. / / d. / / e. / / f. / / g. / / h.

Phonology Unit ١٣ Phonemic symbol review A- Transcribe the following sentences : a. / t / b. / / c. / / d. / / e. / / f. / / g. / / h. Cairo Governorate Department : English Nozha Directorate of Education Form : ٣ rd Prep. Nozha Language Schools Second Term Ismailia Road Branch Phonology Unit ١٣ Phonemic symbol review A- Transcribe the

More information

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at Biometrika Trust The Meaning of a Significance Level Author(s): G. A. Barnard Source: Biometrika, Vol. 34, No. 1/2 (Jan., 1947), pp. 179-182 Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of Biometrika

More information

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in.

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in. Prose Terms Protagonist: Antagonist: Point of view: The main character in a story, novel or play. The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was

More information

CHAPTER II LITERATUREREVIEW, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CHAPTER II LITERATUREREVIEW, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK CHAPTER II LITERATUREREVIEW, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Literature Review This chapter presents review of previous writing related to this study. First, is the paper entitled symbolic Meaning

More information

JOHN KEATS: THE NOTION OF NEGATIVE CAPABILITY AND POETIC VISION

JOHN KEATS: THE NOTION OF NEGATIVE CAPABILITY AND POETIC VISION JOHN KEATS: THE NOTION OF NEGATIVE CAPABILITY AND POETIC VISION Abstract: Mukesh Kumar 1 John Keats has been remembered as one of the greatest British romantic poets in British English Literature. He was

More information

List A from Figurative Language (Figures of Speech) (front side of page) Paradox -- a self-contradictory statement that actually presents a truth

List A from Figurative Language (Figures of Speech) (front side of page) Paradox -- a self-contradictory statement that actually presents a truth Literary Term Vocabulary Lists [Longer definitions of many of these terms are in the other Literary Term Vocab Lists document and the Literary Terms and Figurative Language master document.] List A from

More information

PART 1. An Introduction to British Romanticism

PART 1. An Introduction to British Romanticism NAME 1 PER DIRECTIONS: Read and annotate the following article on the historical context and literary style of the Romantic Movement. Then use your notes to complete the assignments for Part 2 and 3 on

More information

Romeo and Juliet Key Passages for Commentary (from Ms. Rankin s Google Docs)

Romeo and Juliet Key Passages for Commentary (from Ms. Rankin s Google Docs) Romeo and Juliet Key Passages for Commentary (from Ms. Rankin s Google Docs) Act I o Scene 3 (82) What say you?...than your consent gives strength to make it fly (102). 20 Lines o Scene 5 (40) What lady

More information

18 th century Poetry (1700 1800) the age of novlest Three main types of poetry dominated during the 18 th century 1. Neoclassical Poetry. 2. Preliminary Romantic Poetry. 3. Romantic Poetry. 1. Neoclassical

More information

Grade 6. Paper MCA: items. Grade 6 Standard 1

Grade 6. Paper MCA: items. Grade 6 Standard 1 Grade 6 Key Ideas and Details Online MCA: 23 34 items Paper MCA: 27 41 items Grade 6 Standard 1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific

More information

CCCC 2006, Chicago Confucian Rhetoric 1

CCCC 2006, Chicago Confucian Rhetoric 1 CCCC 2006, Chicago Confucian Rhetoric 1 "Confucian Rhetoric and Multilingual Writers." Paper presented as part of the roundtable, "Chinese Rhetoric as Writing Tradition: Re-conceptualizing Its History

More information

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in.

The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was told in. Prose Terms Protagonist: Antagonist: Point of view: The main character in a story, novel or play. The character who struggles or fights against the protagonist. The perspective from which the story was

More information

AP Lit & Comp

AP Lit & Comp AP Lit & Comp 8-30-16 1. Demystifying poetry 2. Patty s Charcoal Drive-In 3. All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace and There Will Come Soft Rains 4. For next class Poetry can be intimidating Know

More information

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards K-12 Montana Common Core Reading Standards (CCRA.R)

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards K-12 Montana Common Core Reading Standards (CCRA.R) College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards K-12 Montana Common Core Reading Standards (CCRA.R) The K 12 standards on the following pages define what students should understand and be able to do by the

More information

In order to complete this task effectively, make sure you

In order to complete this task effectively, make sure you Name: Date: The Giver- Poem Task Description: The purpose of a free verse poem is not to disregard all traditional rules of poetry; instead, free verse is based on a poet s own rules of personal thought

More information

Exploring the Language of Poetry: Structure. Ms. McPeak

Exploring the Language of Poetry: Structure. Ms. McPeak Exploring the Language of Poetry: Structure Ms. McPeak Poem Structure: The Line is A Building Block The basic building-block of prose (writing that isn't poetry) is the sentence. But poetry has something

More information

Alliteration: The repetition of sounds in a group of words as in Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers.

Alliteration: The repetition of sounds in a group of words as in Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers. Poetry Terms Alliteration: The repetition of sounds in a group of words as in Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers. Allusion: A reference to a person, place, or thing--often literary, mythological,

More information

Literary Terms Group Project. Presented by: Kayleigh Bunce, Hannah Cornwell, Emily Gaut, and Lauren Tigue

Literary Terms Group Project. Presented by: Kayleigh Bunce, Hannah Cornwell, Emily Gaut, and Lauren Tigue Literary Terms Group Project Presented by: Kayleigh Bunce, Hannah Cornwell, Emily Gaut, and Lauren Tigue Satire:the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity

More information

Close Reading of Poetry

Close Reading of Poetry Close Reading Workshop 3 Close Reading of Poetry Learning Targets Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges

More information

Glossary of Literary Terms

Glossary of Literary Terms Page 1 of 9 Glossary of Literary Terms allegory A fictional text in which ideas are personified, and a story is told to express some general truth. alliteration Repetition of sounds at the beginning of

More information

In his Preface to Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth outlines and

In his Preface to Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth outlines and 150 C A I T L I N O U T T E R S O N The Impossible Balance In his Preface to Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth outlines and formalizes Romantic poetry. His stated purpose is to follow the fluxes and

More information

7. Terms, Verse Forms and Literary Devices

7. Terms, Verse Forms and Literary Devices 7. Terms, Verse Forms and Literary Devices Verse and stanza: Verse: a verse is a line in a poem Stanza: a stanza is a group of verses, many times with some sort of meter and order. A slant rhyme (also

More information

History Admissions Assessment Specimen Paper Section 1: explained answers

History Admissions Assessment Specimen Paper Section 1: explained answers History Admissions Assessment 2016 Specimen Paper Section 1: explained answers 2 1 The view that ICT-Ied initiatives can play an important role in democratic reform is announced in the first sentence.

More information

AP Literature and Composition 2017

AP Literature and Composition 2017 AP Literature and Composition 2017 Summer Reading Assignment Required reading over the summer: How to Read Literature like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster Assignment: Read How to Read Literature like a

More information

Absence as Presence: An Analysis of Schumann s Im wunderschönen Monat Mai. Composed in 1840, Robert Schumann s Dichterliebe (Opus 48) sets selected

Absence as Presence: An Analysis of Schumann s Im wunderschönen Monat Mai. Composed in 1840, Robert Schumann s Dichterliebe (Opus 48) sets selected Lindsay Pope MUTH 5360 June 25, 2018 Absence as Presence: An Analysis of Schumann s Im wunderschönen Monat Mai Composed in 1840, Robert Schumann s Dichterliebe (Opus 48) sets selected poems from Heinrich

More information

AP Literature Exam Review

AP Literature Exam Review I] Highlight any terms that you need to go back and review. You should be able to provide and example where feasible. Use your notes, the AP Resource Packet, or your text. A regular dictionary will not

More information

2011 Tennessee Section VI Adoption - Literature

2011 Tennessee Section VI Adoption - Literature Grade 6 Standard 8 - Literature Grade Level Expectations GLE 0601.8.1 Read and comprehend a variety of works from various forms Anthology includes a variety of texts: fiction, of literature. nonfiction,and

More information

Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art to enrich the reading experience by adding meaning.

Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art to enrich the reading experience by adding meaning. A GLOSSARY OF LITERARY TERMS LITERARY DEVICES Alliteration: The repetition of initial consonant sounds used especially in poetry to emphasize and link words as well as to create pleasing musical sounds.

More information

Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then? Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers den? Twas so; but this, all pleasures fancies be.

Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then? Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers den? Twas so; but this, all pleasures fancies be. John Donne Poetry The Good-Morrow Overview: Love Poem published in collection called Songs & Sonnets John Donne s poems were often more direct Reader = eavesdropper on poet talking to lover rather than

More information

7. This composition is an infinite configuration, which, in our own contemporary artistic context, is a generic totality.

7. This composition is an infinite configuration, which, in our own contemporary artistic context, is a generic totality. Fifteen theses on contemporary art Alain Badiou 1. Art is not the sublime descent of the infinite into the finite abjection of the body and sexuality. It is the production of an infinite subjective series

More information

Romeo and Juliet: Introduction and Literary Terms

Romeo and Juliet: Introduction and Literary Terms Romeo and Juliet: Introduction and Literary Terms Plot Background: The Italian town Verona is beautiful, yet nothing can hide the ugliness of the feud between its two most prominent families. The Montagues

More information

THE POEMS OF GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS (OXFORD PAPERBACKS) BY G. M. HOPKINS

THE POEMS OF GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS (OXFORD PAPERBACKS) BY G. M. HOPKINS THE POEMS OF GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS (OXFORD PAPERBACKS) BY G. M. HOPKINS DOWNLOAD EBOOK : THE POEMS OF GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS (OXFORD Click link bellow and free register to download ebook: THE POEMS OF GERARD

More information

Literary Elements Allusion*

Literary Elements Allusion* Literary Elements Allusion* brief, often direct reference to a person, place, event, work of art, literature, or music which the author assumes the reader will recognize Analogy Apostrophe* Characterization*

More information

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at Time Exposure and Snapshot: The Photograph as Paradox Author(s): Thierry de Duve Source: October, Vol. 5, Photography (Summer, 1978), pp. 113-125 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/778649

More information

CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS POETRY?

CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS POETRY? CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS POETRY? In fact the question "What is poetry?" would seem to be a very simple one but it has never been satisfactorily answered, although men and women, from past to present day, have

More information

SOULISTICS: METAPHOR AS THERAPY OF THE SOUL

SOULISTICS: METAPHOR AS THERAPY OF THE SOUL SOULISTICS: METAPHOR AS THERAPY OF THE SOUL Sunnie D. Kidd In the imaginary, the world takes on primordial meaning. The imaginary is not presented here in the sense of purely fictional but as a coming

More information

character rather than his/her position on a issue- a personal attack

character rather than his/her position on a issue- a personal attack 1. Absolute: Word free from limitations or qualification 2. Ad hominem argument: An argument attacking a person s character rather than his/her position on a issue- a personal attack 3. Adage: Familiar

More information

NFC ACADEMY ENGLISH IV HONORS COURSE OVERVIEW

NFC ACADEMY ENGLISH IV HONORS COURSE OVERVIEW NFC ACADEMY ENGLISH IV HONORS COURSE OVERVIEW English IV Honors continues to build on the sequential development and integration of communication skills in four major areas reading, writing, speaking,

More information

Horace as model: vatic poet, to teach and delight! precision, clarity, neatness, smoothness!

Horace as model: vatic poet, to teach and delight! precision, clarity, neatness, smoothness! Typical forms: epigram, epistle, elegy, epitaph, ode Horace as model: vatic poet, to teach and delight precision, clarity, neatness, smoothness sensual, epicurean details SIMILARITIES WITH DONNE coterie

More information

AP Literature 2018 Summer Assignment Mrs. Clark

AP Literature 2018 Summer Assignment Mrs. Clark AP Literature 2018 Summer Assignment Mrs. Clark The assignment below is designed to keep your literary analysis skills sharp and give you a sampler of what will be covered on the AP Lit exam. You will

More information

Guide. Standard 8 - Literature Grade Level Expectations GLE Read and comprehend a variety of works from various forms of literature.

Guide. Standard 8 - Literature Grade Level Expectations GLE Read and comprehend a variety of works from various forms of literature. Grade 6 Tennessee Course Level Expectations Standard 8 - Literature Grade Level Expectations GLE 0601.8.1 Read and comprehend a variety of works from various forms of literature. Student Book and Teacher

More information

Seventeenth-Century. Literature

Seventeenth-Century. Literature Seventeenth-Century Literature What is poetry? What is love poetry? Petrarchan tradition? From Petrarch, an Italian poet from Early Renaissance period Petrarchan or Italian sonnet, composed of octave

More information

Incoming 11 th grade students Summer Reading Assignment

Incoming 11 th grade students Summer Reading Assignment Incoming 11 th grade students Summer Reading Assignment All incoming 11 th grade students (Regular, Honors, AP) will complete Part 1 and Part 2 of the Summer Reading Assignment. The AP students will have

More information

AP Literature and Composition: Summer Assignment

AP Literature and Composition: Summer Assignment All work is to be handwritten. AP Literature and Composition: Summer Assignment 2018-2019 Part I Read: Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison OR Beloved, by Toni Morrison AND How to Read Literature Like a Professor:

More information

Art as experience. DANCING MUSEUMS, 7th November, National Gallery, London

Art as experience. DANCING MUSEUMS, 7th November, National Gallery, London Marco Peri art historian, museum educator www.marcoperi.it/dancingmuseums To visit a museum in an active way you should be curious and use your imagination. Exploring the museum is like travelling through

More information

ABSTRACT Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images. ALLITERATION Repetition of the initial consonant sound.

ABSTRACT Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images. ALLITERATION Repetition of the initial consonant sound. ABSTRACT Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images. ALLITERATION Repetition of the initial consonant sound. ABSTRACT NOUN Something (a noun) you cannot perceive using any of

More information

The Catholic High School of Baltimore Summer Reading List

The Catholic High School of Baltimore Summer Reading List Teacher s Name: Mr. Derosier The Catholic High School of Baltimore Summer Reading List School Year: 2016-2017 Grade Level: 11 Course No.: 148 Course Name: English Language/Composition Academic Level (Honors/AP/CP1/CP2/CPA):

More information

,, or. by way of a passing reference. The reader has to make a connection. Extended Metaphor a comparison between things that

,, or. by way of a passing reference. The reader has to make a connection. Extended Metaphor a comparison between things that Vocab and Literary Terms Connotations that is by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings, in addition to their literal meanings.

More information

Name: English, Period Date:

Name: English, Period Date: Name: English, Period Date: Directions: Read the following two poems on the subject of war. Using the space in the column on the right, annotate as you read. You may comment on the text, clarify main points,

More information

Terms to know from this M/C

Terms to know from this M/C AP Lit & Comp 3-9 17 1. Score full length M/C #1 and discuss some strategies 2. Sonnets 3. Poetry Overview Highlights 4. Prose prompt homework / read the remainder of Exodus before class on Monday. Terms

More information

Cheat sheet: English Literature - poetry

Cheat sheet: English Literature - poetry Poetic devices checklist Make sure you have a thorough understanding of the poetic devices below and identify where they are used in the poems in your anthology. This will help you gain maximum marks across

More information

Students will be able to cite textual evidence that best supports analyses and inferences drawn from text.

Students will be able to cite textual evidence that best supports analyses and inferences drawn from text. Eighth Grade Reading Standards for Literature: Key Ideas and Details 1. Why do readers read? 2. How do readers construct meaning? Essential objective, summary, interact, cite, textual evidence, explicit,

More information