abstractions culture norms methods sociology abstracted cultural normal methodological sociological

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1 Name Chapter 3--Culture Description Instructions Modify 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Sociologists call all the ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to deal with real-life problems: abstractions norms methods sociology 2 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove When Nomar Garciaparra of Major League Baseball developed the practice of pulling at his gloves and kicking the dirt with the toes of his cleats before swinging the bat, he invented a/n practice. abstracted cultural normal methodological sociological 3 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Sociologists say that is shared because it is: private communicated through signs communicated through language and learning transmitted only among those interested in 4 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to sociologists, enables people to and thrive in their environments. have total control shape review adapt 5 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Human survival was based on the capacity to create general ideas or ways of thinking that are not linked to specific or particular instances. These ideas are called: abstractions norms methods sociology 6 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove If someone is able to create the idea of gravity without having to have an apple fall on their head, they are engaging in which of the following? abstractions norms methods sociology 7 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

2 If Travis holds up two fingers in the peace sign, he is using which of the following? abstractions symbols norms methods sociology 8 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove We live in a social universe full of symbols. Symbols are important because: they are always in flux they give symbolic interactionists their subject material they allow us to classify and generalize our experiences they establish the only unquestioned foundation for reality 9 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Every has a set of shared rules called that guide the behavior of its members by specifying what behavior is appropriate and inappropriate. beliefs values norms attitudes symbols 10 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The necessity to understand that other people have values that differ from ours and that we should not see these values as inferior but merely different is known as: cultural relativism pluralism universalism cultural confrontation 11 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Our houses, the tools we use, and the clothes we wear, are all examples of. material nonmaterial manifest formal physical 12 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Rules regarding behavior that people consider vital to their well-being are called: laws mores folkways taboos treatments 13 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Rules regarding behavior that people in a find relatively insignificant are called: laws mores folkways taboos treatments

3 14 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The human ability to create a complex social life is based on. abstractions symbols norms methods cooperation 15 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The common way that people do things such as raise children, build homes, and work is governed by: abstractions symbols norms methods sociology 16 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove When human beings pool their resources to meet collective and individual goals, we are using which tool in "the human cultural survival kit?" abstractions symbols norms methods cooperation 17 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT among the main tools in the "the human cultural survival kit" according to Brym and Lie? production abstraction cooperation conflict abstraction 18 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove When humans make and use tools and techniques that improve their ability to take what they want from nature, they are engaged in. production abstraction cooperation conflict 19 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove When human beings create lumber from trees to create their homes they are engaged in which of the following? production abstraction cooperation conflict 20 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove By acquiring specialized skills, people are able to accomplish tasks that: no person could possibly do on her or his own no person could do unless part of a global effort would be impossible under comprehensive education

4 21 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The system of rewards and punishments that ensure conformity is called: the norm system the cultural system the symbolic system the cooperative system the system of social control 22 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Individual rewards and punishments that ensure conformity are called: sanctions symbols cooperation social control 23 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The act of a police officer issuing a ticket for speeding is an example of a: sanction symbols cooperation social control 24 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove William Graham Sumner is known for his work concerning which sociological topic? production symbols norms material 25 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to William Graham Sumner, less important rules of behavior are known as. production mores folkways cooperation social control 26 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Serious rules that people believe are essential for the survival of their group are known as according to William Sumner. production mores folkways cooperation social control 27 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Brym and Lie, social control is needed to ensure stable patterns of interaction, however is also needed to ensure cultural innovation and social renewal.

5 production of social control individual acceptance acceptance of social control cooperation with social control resistance to social control 28 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The practitioners of claim that genes account not just for physical characteristics but also for specific behaviors and social practices. sociology sociobiology sociometrics social biology 29 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The chemical units that carry traits from parents to children are called: quarks DNA molecules genes neurons receptors 30 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove You overhear an argument where one person claims that social behavior is determined by the same biological patterns as those that determine the color of your eyes. This position is known as: sociology sociobiology sociometrics social biology 31 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove "Evolutionary psychology" is also known as: sociology sociobiology sociometrics social biology 32 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Charles Darwin, the species members who are best adapted to their environments are most likely to live long enough to have offspring. This is known as: simple evolution survival of the fittest evolutionary psychology sociobiology social biology 33 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to evolutionary psychologists, behavior that increases one's survival chances be changed. must can will cannot

6 34 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The problem with evolutionary psychology is that behavior that is assumed to be universal and part of survival is: not universal and not necessarily part of a survival system only established with psychological evidence focused on male behavior focused on biological behavior 35 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A common genetic misconception is that because the human genome has been mapped as of June 26, 2000, all human characteristics can be "read" from this information. This is a misconception because: genes mutate from generation to generation genetic function is precise and human behavior is also precise genetics continues to need greater study genes mutate randomly and interact with social and physical environmental conditions 36 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What is in evidence when someone judges another by the standards of one's own? shock lag cultural confrontation evolutionary psychology 37 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Marvin Harris argues that misleads many western scholars and observers from completely understanding cow worship in rural India. When examining cow worship from the point of view of the functions it provides in Indian, cow worship can be understood as: a rational economic practice a meaningful religious practice a strange and non-useful practice a foreign and exotic practice 38 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Until the 1960s, many sociologists argued that was a simple "reflection" of society. However, many sociologists today contend that: people accept as it is given to them people shape only when they care about an issue people really don't care about is nothing more than people people do not just accept passively 39 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In their work on, Richard Hoggart and E.P. Thompson demonstrate how working-class people are able to: accept as it is given to them shape only when they care about an issue focus on all aspects of shape the in which they live 40 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The growing popularity of Latino music, Asian architectural design, and varied ethnic food is evidence of: cultural solidarity

7 cultural production all of the choices cultural diversification 41 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Advocates of have argued that school and college curricula should present a more balanced picture of United States history,, and society by reflecting the ethnic and racial diversity of the United States. cultural solidarity cultural production cultural diversification 42 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove An approach to education that gives substantial weight to the achievements of non-whites and non-europeans in American society is known as: cultural relativism cultural production cultural diversification 43 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is not a criticism of? multicultural education hurts minority students by overlooking core subjects multicultural education causes political disunity multicultural education results in interethnic and interracial conflict multicultural education encourages cultural relativism multicultural education encourages equal valuation of different s 44 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The opposite of is: cultural relativism cultural production cultural diversification 45 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The belief that all s and all cultural practices have equal value is known as: cultural relativism cultural production cultural diversification 46 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Critics of cultural relativism claim that all s are not of equal value because: some s are better than others some s are in greater stages of development than American cultural production is a global process some s oppose the most deeply held values of most Americans cultural diversification hurts the interests of the poor 47 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

8 Ceremonies that mark the transition from one stage of life to another are called: cultural relativism rites of passage cultural diversification 48 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A baptism, a wedding, and a graduation ceremony are all examples of: cultural relativism cultural reproduction rites of passage 49 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Religious rituals that involve elaborate body decoration, carefully orchestrated chants, precise movements, and are conducted in public are examples of: cultural relativism cultural reproduction rites of passage 50 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is a public acknowledgment of changing social status? rites of passage cultural reproduction cultural diversification 51 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Symbolic interactionists are inclined to regard as: a reflexive constant a reflective constant a dependent variable an independent variable a constant variable 52 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Brym and Lie, cultural fragmentation has been increasing since the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the French and American Revolutions. A trend that exacerbated cultural fragmentation is: rites of passage fundamentalism industrialization diversification 53 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The process by which formerly separate economies, states, and s are being tied together is known as: rites of passage globalization industrialization diversification

9 54 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Marshall McLuhan's idea of a "global village" is an illustration of which cultural process? rites of passage globalization industrialization diversification 55 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which process destroys political, economic, and cultural isolation? rites of passage industrialization globalization diversification 56 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Today, 750 million to 1 billion people speak worldwide. Chinese Arabic Romance languages American English 57 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Why is English the dominant language around the world? because of the economic, political, and cultural influence of Great Britain and the United States over the past 200 years because of because English is the easiest language in which to conduct business because of the lack of influence of countries that speak other languages over the past 200 years the diversification of languages led to the evolution of English 58 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Japanese teenagers' use of English slang is likely to because of the pressures of globalization. decrease increase stay the same 59 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The era during which much of Western believed in the inevitability of progress, respected authority, and formed a consensus around core values is often referred to as: premodernism industrial modernity modernity postmodernism preindustrialism 60 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT an aspect of modernity? inevitability of progress respect for authority consensus around core values

10 decline of consensus around core values none of the above 61 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What form of involves an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places, the erosion of authority, and the decline of consensus around core values? premodern sociological analysis modern postmodern 62 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The growth of different religious beliefs is a characteristic of which form of? premodern sociological analysis modernism neomodern postmodern 63 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The change in how father figures are depicted on television demonstrates which characteristic of postmodernism? an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places the erosion of authority the decline of consensus around core values increasing use of non-functional architecture 64 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Critics of postmodernism are concerned that the lack of a common will create problems in maintaining a stable society. These problems include which of the following? how to teach common values how to organize anti-global efforts how to create meaningful television commercials how to transmit different belief systems 65 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove "Werkglock" is a German term for. work schedule work force work place work clock 66 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The implementation of Werkglocken is an example of what process? postmodernism rationalization consumerism McDonaldization 67 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove People live busy lives. We often feel rushed trying to accomplish too much during the average workday. Our lives appear to be so highly regimented that each moment is precisely planned. This is often attributed to the growth of:

11 postmodernism McDonaldization consumerism rationalization cultural diversification 68 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals is one way to think about the process of: postmodernism rationalization consumerism McDonaldization 69 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to Max Weber, rationalization has crept into all spheres of social life, leading to that dehumanize and constrain human beings. unintended consequences intended consequences consumerism globalization 70 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The text is critical of contemporary evolutionary psychology on which of the following grounds? Many behaviors discussed by evolutionary psychologists are not universal and some are not even that common. It has never been verified that specific behaviors and social arrangements are associated with particular genes. Variations among people are due not just to genetic differences but to random processes and environmental influences. 71 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Brym and Lie argue that it is desirable to analyze of. all faces one face either face both faces 72 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Rationalization and consumerism are examples of: as freedom as constraint globalization postmodernism 73 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove In Weber's sense of the term, rationalization is: a justification for a deviant act a justification for a perceived act of deviance the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the unintended, negative consequences of doing so using the least expensive and most effective means to get a job done

12 74 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Weber believed that rationalization is evident in the way our has evolved. use of time use of armies use of money use of political organization use of education 75 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A sub is: an inferior a that is perceived to be inferior a set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger an emergent an underground movement 76 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Brym and Lie define cultural lag as: the slow pace of cultural change the tendency of material to change more slowly than symbolic the tendency of symbolic to change more slowly than material the slow pace of change in developing countries 77 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The tendency in postmodern society to define ourselves in terms of the goods and services we purchase is known as: rationalization sub consumerism purchased identity 78 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove If people go to the mall to buy things when they are feeling depressed, and the purchases make them feel good about themselves or their situation, they are engaging in: rationalization sub consumerism purchased identity 79 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The Gap Khakis ads, discussed in the text, demonstrate that marketers know how to stimulate demand for a product by: creating well produced and expensive ads creating an association between the product and desirable properties creating a market niche orchestrating an expensive and long running television ad campaign conducting extensive market research on pants 80 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase is not just a simple reflection of personal choice. This tendency is also important because it supports the economy by ensuring that: advertisers do not influence our purchases

13 none of the products that we produce will be bought American will dominate globally the products that we produce will be bought 81 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove A set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger that sets members apart from the dominant is known as a(n). rationalization sub consumerism purchased identity 82 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove If a group of teenagers have distinctive dress, beliefs, ideas, and language that separates them from others in a society, they can be said to belong to which of the following? rationalization group sub consumerist collective purchased identity 83 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What is the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase called? rationalization economic advancement cultural identification consumerism brand marketing 84 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Consumerism is the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the? styles we choose money we spend per capita income goods we purchase brands we favor 85 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove French sociologist Jean Baudrillard remarked pointedly that even what is best in America is. complimentary not free inexpensive compulsory congratulative 86 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Popular is that is consumed by: all classes the elite Western middle classes 87 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove

14 The individualistic brand of dissent encouraged by hip-hop appeals to an audience that is: exclusively black mixed in racial and class terms narrow based on a few regions of the country 88 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Although many hip-hop music artists began their careers as politically rebellious musicians, many of them were more than eager to: stop recording when their messages were accepted by the wider embrace new messages as the structure of society became transformed through their music forego politics for commerce 89 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What kind of is represented by the opera? mass popular social high 90 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove are subversive subs. deviants delinquents criminals counters fringe groups 91 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Counters oppose and seek to replace them. cultural mores dominant values societal rules political parties fundamental morals 92 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Counters rarely pose a serious threat to. social stratification social morality social structure social beliefs social evolution 93 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What system of social control keeps counters at bay? rewards and punishments deviance and crime politics and money organization and power mind control and brainwashing

15 94 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove According to symbolic interactionists, people do not accept. automatically passively altruistically freely hospitably 95 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which theorists believe that we actively produce and interpret, creatively fashioning it and attaching meaning to it according to our own needs? functionalists essentialists symbolic interactionists constructionists feminists 96 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The central argument of conflict theory states that the ongoing struggle between more and less advantaged groups is called. social paranoia social diversity social stratification social development social life 97 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove The process by which socially excluded groups have struggled to win equal rights under the law and in practice since the 1960's, is called: civil disobedience subversion the rights revolution media imperialism the revolution in representation 98 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Cultural relativism is the opposite of? cultural abstraction cultural diversity rights revolution 99 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove What percent of Christian Fundamentalists believe in or had an experience with 'ESP' (defined as 'felt in touch with someone when they were far away from you')? less than 2% about 10% close to 20% around 30% over 50% 100 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Which of the following is NOT one of a dozen core American values as defined by sociologist Robin M. Williams, Jr., more than fifty years ago? freedom

16 security democracy equality individualism 101 / 0 points Modify Remove People actively produce and interpret. 102 / 0 points Modify Remove According to Emile Durkheim, deviation from prescribed practices is encouraged during "primitive" religious rituals. 103 / 0 points Modify Remove In sociology, "" means popular : rock music, folk art, sports, etc. 104 / 0 points Modify Remove Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists deny that genes---chemical units that carry traits from parents to children---account not just for physical characteristics but also for specific behaviors and social practices. 105 / 0 points Modify Remove Over time, most s have tended to become more heterogeneous. 106 / 0 points Modify Remove Postmodernism has many parents, teachers, politicians, religious leaders, and some university professors worried about the future. 107 / 0 points Modify Remove Max Weber claimed that rationality has crept into all spheres of social life except for religious beliefs. 108 / 0 points Modify Remove The Big Historical Projects referred to in the textbook include such cultural feats as the construction of the Great Wall of China, the construction of the Pyramids in Egypt, and the Manhattan Project to build the atom bomb in World War II. 109 / 0 points Modify Remove Consumerism is the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase. 110 / 0 points Modify Remove

17 Today people refuse to allow themselves to associate their status and identity with commercial products. 111 / 0 points Modify Remove High is consumed mainly by artists and musicians. 112 / 0 points Modify Remove Humans have been able to adapt to their environment because they can create. 113 / 0 points Modify Remove Postmodernism is characterized by an eclectic mixing of cultural elements and the erosion of consensus. 114 / 0 points Modify Remove Folkways are the most important norms and they evoke the most severe punishment. 115 / 0 points Modify Remove Taboos are among the weakest norms. 116 Essay 0 points Modify Remove How do sociologists define? Sociologists define as all the ideas, practices and material objects that people create to deal with real-life problems. 117 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What are norms? Norms are generally accepted ways of doing things. 118 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What is? Ethnocentrism is judging another exclusively by the standards of one's own. 119 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What are rites of passage? Rites of passage are cultural ceremonies that mark transition from one stage of life to another or from life to death. 120 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Define consumerism. Consumerism is the tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase. 121 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

18 What is cultural relativism? Cultural relativism is the belief that all s have equal value. 122 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Define globalization. Globalization is the process by which formerly separate economies, states and s are being tied together. 123 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Define cooperation. Cooperation is the human capacity to create a complex social life. 124 Essay 0 points Modify Remove What are sanctions? Sanctions are rewards and punishments intended to ensure conformity to cultural guidelines. 125 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Define rationalization. Rationalization is the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the unintended negative consequences of doing so. 126 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Explain how globalization has affected you. Use the concepts of, diversification, and globalization in your answer. not provided. 127 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Compare and contrast the main tools in the "human cultural survival kit2" Are there any important human capabilities that the authors failed to include in this "survival kit"? not provided. 128 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Compare and contrast the position advocated by Sociobiologists and evolutionary psychologists. not provided. 129 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Explain Max Weber's concept of rationalization, giving examples from your own life experience. not provided. 130 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Construct a sociological explanation about a well-known sub of your choosing. not provided. 131 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Analyze your own upbringing from a sociological perspective. What can you learn about from your own family? not provided. 132 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Choose a well-known film that illustrates contending s or subs and analyze the dramatization of these s in the movie that you chose. not provided.

19 133 Essay 0 points Modify Remove If you were going to oppose consumerism in your personal life, what would you do? How would you explain your position to others? How successful do you believe you would be? not provided. 134 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Why would dominant figures in American society want to limit the cultural influence of hip-hop music? not provided. 135 Essay 0 points Modify Remove Construct your own essay question drawing on relevant course materials for your answer. Points will be awarded for both the question and answer. not provided.