Towards Pluralism in Graphic Design: Quantitative and Qualitative Critical Analysis
|
|
- Kenneth Hutchinson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Towards Pluralism in Graphic Design: Quantitative and Qualitative Critical Analysis A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graphic Design Department in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Fine Arts Savannah College of Art and Design By Edward Tyree Jacobson Savannah, Georgia May 2008
2 This thesis is dedicated to those who demand significance from visual forms. Contextually rich meaning is to be sought after. Be open to criticism. Good debate validates opinion and vice versa.
3 Special thanks to my committee: Christoph Kluetsch, Zoran Belic, and Rhonda Arntsen. Your patience and inspiration have taken both me and my work to places that I never thought possible. I could not have developed this thesis without your guidance. Thank you for answering my questions with questions. Additionally, I would like to thank my friends, family and the wonderful faculty of the Savannah College of Art and Design for their support in my endeavor to earn the title of Master of Fine Arts in Graphic Design.
4 When Galileo remarked that the language of nature is written in mathematics, he meant it only as a metaphor. Nature itself does not speak. Neither do our minds or our bodies... our bodies politic. Our conversations about nature and about ourselves are conducted in whatever languages we find it possible and convenient to employ. We do not see nature or intelligence or human motivation or ideology as it is but only as our languages are. And our languages are our media. Our media are our metaphors. Our metaphors create the content of our culture. Neil Postman The simulacrum is never what hides the truth it is truth that hides the fact that there is none. The simulacrum is true. Eclesiastes The flying pickle or the great pile, influence measures criticism. Ed Fella
5 Contents: 6 Thesis Statement Introduction 7 I. The History of Graphic Design as Practice 9 II. The Idea of Art Versus the Idea of Graphic Design. 11 III. Modes of Analysis and Obstacles of Language. 13 IV. Conclusion 14 Works Cited 15 Bibliography 18 Visual Component: Ekphrasis
6 Jacobson 6 Thesis Statement: The term graphic design to describe the role of contemporary visual communicators is incomplete and antiquated. The inappropriate definition of the field results in critical analysis that is singular in nature. The perception and critical analysis of graphic design must be plural and should contextually consider both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the discipline equally valid. The dismissal of one or the other results in an incomplete analysis. Introduction: Current professional discourse surrounding the role of aesthetic values in graphic design has raised the issue of the vision of the critic of visual communication. This issue is not without several problematic areas; historical independence in relation to fine arts for theoretical parameters, the implication of ideological dogmas, and the translation of visual components into verbal description. Ultimately, these areas of inquiry direct attention towards the unstable definition of graphic design. Only when this definition is demystified can the proper grounds for critical perspective occur in graphic design.
7 Jacobson 7 I. The History of Graphic Design as Practice The term graphic design was coined by William A. Dwiggins following the industrial revolution. This term was used to describe the practices and implementations of visual forms towards communication. By today s standards, a single definition for graphic design is elusive. Increased technological capabilities and the need for cross-media and cross cultural communication have resulted in a broad range of expertise in what is called graphic design. A graphic designer may spend a lifetime perfecting his/her understanding of typography, print-based, web application, motion graphics, interfaces, prepress production, illustration, information design, etc. in the same way that a fine artist can do so with oil painting, clay, metal sculpture, etc. As in art, graphic design is a discipline that cannot delineate itself as a single discipline it is a culmination of creative practices. Technical and formal aspects resulting from graphic design activities may be quantitatively evaluated; eliciting a discourse specific to the practice. Within this context there is a tendency towards the dominion of specialization in graphic design dominion in the sense that a practice s context may take precedence over the function which is encouraged by the singular nature of critical dialogue. Typeface design for example has its own history, doctrines, and context as a specialization. In discussing these formalities, the critic must consider the final purpose of graphic design. Just as art is not simply the act and physical crafting of a painting or sculpture, typesetting and image manipulation do not represent the idea of graphic design.
8 Jacobson 8 The study of graphic design as an academic discipline began in the late 20th century, yet is still elusive in terms of examination and definition: Design not only suffers from a general unwillingness of the culture to grant it the status of an activity worth studying and defining an unwillingness shared by design practitioners who want design defined merely in terms of what designers do but also from a fundamental ambiguity that the concept of design possesses. 1 The quantitative history of the practices and styles in graphic design serve as the primary reference point for critical analysis. Secondarily, graphic design is defined by its technology. The definition of technology has a context which, as a result of the industrial revolution, has changed what the word is meant to imply not a product but a discipline of systematic thinking. 2 As long as we consider graphic designers to be merely trade specialists, we cannot fully attain a clear understanding of the implications and impact of graphic design on the audiences we seek to address. Additionally, under this mentality, the history of graphic design will remain nothing more than a discourse on practices and styles rather than a living chronology of ideas about communication. 1. Clive Dilnot, The State of Design History, part II: Problems and Possibilities, in Design Discourse: History, Theory, Criticism, ed. Victor Margolin. (Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1984), Richard Buchanan, Wicked Problems in Design Thinking, in The Idea of Design, ed. Victor Margolin and Richard Buchanan. (Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1995), 18
9 Jacobson 9 II. The Idea of Art Versus the Idea of Graphic Design. For a critical discourse specific to graphic design to be established, graphic design must be contextually disassociated from art. The line of demarcation between these creative practices is neither invisible nor clear, but complex. It is not a delineation which can be accessed upon formal qualities alone, as both may assume similar forms or means of construction and employ audiences. Art is a series of creative practices which may function independently of meaning and without the necessity of collective vision. Communication is NOT typically (or universally) the intended purpose of the artist or art object. The interpretation of the content is open to a viewers personal response, not a specific interpretation of a set of predetermined signs. Graphic Design, on the other hand, is dependent upon it s function. It is a tool for communication and elicits an identified audience utilizing signs which are intended to be understood by that audience. The two creative practices are then separated not by quantitative disciplines, but qualitative intentions. The proximity of the archetypes of design to the archetypes of art contribute to the notion of a discourse which has been borrowed from the art world. As Ed Fella put it best, design precedes art, 3 art discourse was first to become selfaware. Design inhabits the world, art creates its own. The history of graphic design is a one-dimensional view of technique and innovation rather the history of the correlation between innovation and communication. As a prime example, Philip 3. Ed Fella,
10 Jacobson 10 Megg s History of Graphic Design is bracketed by the of The Invention of Writing to The Digital Revolution ; with 20 chapters in between addressing technology and style and only two highlighting ideas and communication (figure 1).
11 Jacobson 11 III. Modes of Analysis and Obstacles of Language. The problematic nature of devising critical models does not lie in the aspiration to create theoretically sound infrastructures to enlighten a critic to deeper understanding of an artifact as a visual/aesthetic object. This in fact reduces and confines the artifact to a limited set of criteria creating paradigmatic dogma. Criticism with a single ideological viewpoint (both visual and formal) functions the same way in the disregard of the language of graphic design. A limiting contextual entity is inserted (into the critical analysis,) which is assumed to be incontrovertibly factual. Any analysis generated in such fashion is biased. Richard Buchanon asserts that design must be more concerned with placements than categories, as placements allow for contextually shifting meanings of forms to be considered. 4 If the spirit of critical discourse is to reveal the nature of the artifact and then pass judgement, it must exhaust the possibilities of contextual interpretation addressing many viewpoints and the technologies involved. If we view graphic design as communication, we must also view it as a language. With written and verbal languages there is a structure from which we spring board, not just to asses the formal qualities of the language, but also the intended meaning of thoughts in literal, metaphorical and emotional translation. It is important to understand that language does not accurately replicate an object, a concept that both the structuralists and post-structuralists observed. In the 1916 book, Course in General Linguistics, Ferdinand Saussure wrote, A linguistic sign is not a 4. Buchanan, The Idea of Design, 22
12 Jacobson 12 link between a thing and a name, but between a concept and a sound pattern. The sound pattern is not actually a sound; for a sound is something physical. A sound pattern is the hearer s psychological impression of a sound, as given to him by the evidence of his senses. 5 Despite any language s inability to recreate the object it refers to, it is employed as the necessary means to achieve descriptive representation. Languages are systems of signifiers and signified whose shifting meanings are dependent upon our sociopolitical and historical position. In other words, they are already biased or contextualized. In McLuhan-esque fashion, we can observe that language is only able to reveal the more complete nature of an object when it addresses both the context surrounding the practice as well as the impact it imparts. And just as the contexts surrounding an object or practice shift meaning, so must the language we use to describe it be flexible. Inflexibility is the essential mark of ideological positioning. Design criticism is at a distinct advantage from art criticism in terms of invoking a more direct conversation with the work. As the quality of graphic design is measured by the changes it produces in the audience, a recognized criteria for all graphic designs is established. 6 This is not to say that graphic design work should not seek to challenge an audience s level of visual literacy; but that there is a criteria in place. This device assures that design criticism as it should be is exempt from ideological dogma. 5. Ferdinand Saussure, Course in General Linguistics, ed. Charles & Sechehaye, Albert Bally. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), Jorge Frascara, Graphic Design: Fine Art of Social Science, in The Idea of Design, ed. Victor Margolin and Richard Buchanan. (Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1995), 46
13 Jacobson 13 IV. Conclusion. As stated in opening sentence to this paper, the term graphic design to describe the role of contemporary visual communicators is incomplete and antiquated. However, the purpose of this paper is not to provide a singular unifying term which may take place of the original term, graphic design. This would be impossible (and audacious) and contradictory to the theme of this paper; plurality. The idea about what design aspires to accomplish has changed dramatically since William Dwiggins first uttered the words graphic design. Despite these changes, our critical dialogue surrounding design practices has remained relatively unchallenged. The purpose of this paper is to evoke a conversation not about the practices and formalities of graphic design, but a conversation about how graphic design criticism must function in order to be relevant. Graphic design must be more broadly defined to delineate itself from art. Once this occurs, the criticism of graphic design will be enabled to offer precedence to the communicative qualities of an artifact over personal expression, while simultaneously recognizing that aesthetic values have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the artifact. Only when the language utilized in critical analysis considers the context, form, and aesthetic impact can valid critical structures devoid of ideological restrictions be employed.
14 Jacobson 14 Works Cited: Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation. Translated by Sheila Faria Glaser. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 2006 Buchanan, Richard. Wicked Problems in Design Thinking. In The Idea of Design. Edited by Victor Margolin and Richard Buchanan. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, Dilnot, Clive. The State of Design History, part II: Problems and Possibilities. In Design Discourse: History, Theory, Criticism. Edited by Victor Margolin. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, Fella, Ed. (accessed May 10, 2008) Frascara, Jorge. Graphic Design: Fine Art or Social Science. In The Idea of Design. Edited by Victor Margolin and Richard Buchanan. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Penguin Group, 1985 Saussure, Ferdinand. Course in General Linguistics. Edited by Charles & Sechehaye, Albert Bally. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966
15 Jacobson 15 Bibliography: Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulation. Translated by Sheila Faria Glaser. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, 2006 Bennet, Audrey, ed. Design Studies: Theory and Research in Graphic Design. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006 Bolter, David Jay and Diane Gromala. Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, Buchanan, Richard. Wicked Problems in Design Thinking. In The Idea of Design. Edited by Victor Margolin and Richard Buchanan. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, Clark, Michael. Verbalising the Visual: Translating Art and Design Into Words. Switzerland: AVA Publishing SA, Dilnot, Clive. The State of Design History, part II: Problems and Possibilities. In Design Discourse: History, Theory, Criticism. Edited by Victor Margolin. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, Drucker, Johanna and Emily McVarish. Graphic Design History: A Critical Guide. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Fella, Ed. (accessed May 10, 2008) Frascara, Jorge. Graphic Design: Fine Art or Social Science. In The Idea of Design. Edited by Victor Margolin and Richard Buchanan. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1995.
16 Jacobson 16 Levinson, Paul. The Soft Edge: A Natural History and Future of the Information Revolution. New York: Routledge, Lupton, Ellen and J. Abbott Miller. Design Writing Research: Writing on Graphic Design. New York: Phaidon Press Inc., 1996 McLuhan, Marshall. The Medium is the Massage. California: Gingko Press, Noble, Ian and Russell Bestley. Visual Research: An Introduction to Research Methodologies in Graphic Design. Switzerland: AVA Publishing SA, 2005 Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Penguin Group, 1985 Saussure, Ferdinand. Course in General Linguistics. Edited by Charles & Sechehaye, Albert Bally. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966 Wittgenstein, Ludwig. The Blue and Brown Books. New York: Harper & Row, 1959.
17 Jacobson 17 Figure 1: Meggs, Philip. The History of Graphic Design. Scanned Table of Contents. Highlighted areas indicate section topics devoted to ideas about design as communication.
18 Jacobson 18 Visual Component: Ekphrasis The focal point of this installation is to engage the viewer to acknowledge their presence and/or dogmas within their critical perspectives. Mirrored mylar achieves this desired intimacy for it s delicate and semi-reflective qualities. It is important that the mirror itself is the object of inquiry. These mylars metaphorically represent a mirror as an entity which is able to both reveal and conceal the nature of something. To convey the concept of a paradigm, the phrases stenciled into the mylar are intentionally styled in a fashion which mocks tradition typographic standards and grids, though tastefully. The proportions of the pieces draw from human proportions but they are raised a foot from the ground, with the phrases ominously looming just above the average eye level. The phrases intimately narrate a viewer s relationship with all of the contexts that are involved in critical analysis. These five mylars are placed within close proximity of one another, separate, yet connected as if conversing. The title, Ekphrasis, which means poetry or poetic writing regarding the visual arts, seeks to remind the viewer that all of the practice specific contexts which may form this sort of mirror-like entity are entirely valid as grounds for critical analysis, however, incomplete in the consideration of the greater goals of graphic design.
19 Jacobson 19
20 Jacobson 20
21 Jacobson 21
22 Jacobson 22
23 Jacobson 23
24 Jacobson 24 EKPHRASIS Poetry or poetic writing concerning itself with the visual arts Can describe that which we see in our imagination Graphic, dramatic description of a visual work of art; greek translation, "out" "speak" CRITICISM OF EKPHRASIS Does criticism reveal or conceal? Language delimits its usefulness. "I'm not feeling that." Expect ambivalence. Criticism measures the critic. The paradigm is slanted and on a grid. Eye vs. Mouth. Can the two trust one another? You are the vehicle of discernment. Builder, idea, and construct: Simultaneously. Consider nothing independent. Flexibility nourishes creativity. Let s agree to disagree. This objective is subjective. Ideologies: Self-importance is apparent. Language constructs itself. Rhetoric is scary. Authoritative discourses. Confrontation should happen. You are always in your work. The one-sheet for the exibition of Ekphrasis.
Representation and Discourse Analysis
Representation and Discourse Analysis Kirsi Hakio Hella Hernberg Philip Hector Oldouz Moslemian Methods of Analysing Data 27.02.18 Schedule 09:15-09:30 Warm up Task 09:30-10:00 The work of Reprsentation
More informationHigh School Photography 1 Curriculum Essentials Document
High School Photography 1 Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction February 2012 Introduction The Boulder Valley Elementary Visual Arts Curriculum
More informationLiterary Stylistics: An Overview of its Evolution
Literary Stylistics: An Overview of its Evolution M O A Z Z A M A L I M A L I K A S S I S T A N T P R O F E S S O R U N I V E R S I T Y O F G U J R A T What is Stylistics? Stylistics has been derived from
More informationCUST 100 Week 17: 26 January Stuart Hall: Encoding/Decoding Reading: Stuart Hall, Encoding/Decoding (Coursepack)
CUST 100 Week 17: 26 January Stuart Hall: Encoding/Decoding Reading: Stuart Hall, Encoding/Decoding (Coursepack) N.B. If you want a semiotics refresher in relation to Encoding-Decoding, please check the
More information[My method is] a science that studies the life of signs within society I shall call it semiology from the Greek semeion signs (Saussure)
Week 12: 24 November Ferdinand de Saussure: Early Structuralism and Linguistics Reading: John Storey, Chapter 6: Structuralism and post-structuralism (first half of article only, pp. 87-98) John Hartley,
More informationBetween Concept and Form: Learning from Case Studies
Between Concept and Form: Learning from Case Studies Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan R.O.C. Abstract Case studies have been
More information2 nd Grade Visual Arts Curriculum Essentials Document
2 nd Grade Visual Arts Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction February 2012 Introduction The Boulder Valley Elementary Visual Arts Curriculum
More informationHumanities Learning Outcomes
University Major/Dept Learning Outcome Source Creative Writing The undergraduate degree in creative writing emphasizes knowledge and awareness of: literary works, including the genres of fiction, poetry,
More informationTamar Sovran Scientific work 1. The study of meaning My work focuses on the study of meaning and meaning relations. I am interested in the duality of
Tamar Sovran Scientific work 1. The study of meaning My work focuses on the study of meaning and meaning relations. I am interested in the duality of language: its precision as revealed in logic and science,
More information8 Reportage Reportage is one of the oldest techniques used in drama. In the millenia of the history of drama, epochs can be found where the use of thi
Reportage is one of the oldest techniques used in drama. In the millenia of the history of drama, epochs can be found where the use of this technique gained a certain prominence and the application of
More informationSIGNS AND THINGS. (Taken from Chandler s Book) SEMIOTICS
SIGNS AND THINGS (Taken from Chandler s Book) SEMIOTICS Semiotics > textual analysis a philosophical stance in relation to the nature of signs, representation and reality - reality always involves representation
More informationLecture (0) Introduction
Lecture (0) Introduction Today s Lecture... What is semiotics? Key Figures in Semiotics? How does semiotics relate to the learning settings? How to understand the meaning of a text using Semiotics? Use
More informationGLOSSARY for National Core Arts: Visual Arts STANDARDS
GLOSSARY for National Core Arts: Visual Arts STANDARDS Visual Arts, as defined by the National Art Education Association, include the traditional fine arts, such as, drawing, painting, printmaking, photography,
More informationApproaches to teaching film
Approaches to teaching film 1 Introduction Film is an artistic medium and a form of cultural expression that is accessible and engaging. Teaching film to advanced level Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) learners
More informationVisual Arts Colorado Sample Graduation Competencies and Evidence Outcomes
Visual Arts Colorado Sample Graduation Competencies and Evidence Outcomes Visual Arts Graduation Competency 1 Recognize, articulate, and debate that the visual arts are a means for expression and meaning
More informationCommunication Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
This article was downloaded by: [University Of Maryland] On: 31 August 2012, At: 13:11 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer
More informationThe Object Oriented Paradigm
The Object Oriented Paradigm By Sinan Si Alhir (October 23, 1998) Updated October 23, 1998 Abstract The object oriented paradigm is a concept centric paradigm encompassing the following pillars (first
More informationBarbara Tversky. using space to represent space and meaning
Barbara Tversky using space to represent space and meaning Prologue About public representations: About public representations: Maynard on public representations:... The example of sculpture might suggest
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. Grey s Anatomy is an American television series created by Shonda Rhimes that has
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of Study Grey s Anatomy is an American television series created by Shonda Rhimes that has drama as its genre. Just like the title, this show is a story related to
More informationImitating the Human Form: Four Kinds of Anthropomorphic Form Carl DiSalvo 1 Francine Gemperle 2 Jodi Forlizzi 1, 3
Imitating the Human Form: Four Kinds of Anthropomorphic Form Carl DiSalvo 1 Francine Gemperle 2 Jodi Forlizzi 1, 3 School of Design 1, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems 2, Human-Computer Interaction
More informationStandards Covered in the WCMA Indian Art Module NEW YORK
Standards Covered in the WCMA Indian Art Module NEW YORK VISUAL ARTS 1 Creating, Performing, and Participating in the Visual Arts Students will actively engage in the processes that constitute creation
More informationCOLLEGE OF IMAGING ARTS AND SCIENCES. Art History
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE FORM COLLEGE OF IMAGING ARTS AND SCIENCES Art History REVISED COURSE: CIAS-ARTH-392-TheoryAndCriticism20 th CArt 10/15 prerequisite chg ARTH-136 corrected
More informationVol 4, No 1 (2015) ISSN (online) DOI /contemp
Thoughts & Things 01 Madeline Eschenburg and Larson Abstract The following is a month-long email exchange in which the editors of Open Ground Blog outlined their thoughts and goals for the website. About
More informationThe Cognitive Nature of Metonymy and Its Implications for English Vocabulary Teaching
The Cognitive Nature of Metonymy and Its Implications for English Vocabulary Teaching Jialing Guan School of Foreign Studies China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008, China Tel: 86-516-8399-5687
More informationWest Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District Printmaking I Grades 10-12
West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District Printmaking I Grades 10-12 Unit 1: Mono Prints Content Area: Visual and Performing Arts Course & Grade Level: Printmaking I, Grades 10 12 Summary and Rationale
More informationSummit Public Schools Summit, New Jersey Grade Level 1 / Content Area: Visual Arts
Summit Public Schools Summit, New Jersey Grade Level 1 / Content Area: Visual Arts Curriculum Course Description: The first grade visual art curriculum provides experiences for students to explore their
More informationObjective vs. Subjective
AESTHETICS WEEK 2 Ancient Greek Philosophy & Objective Beauty Objective vs. Subjective Objective: something that can be known, which exists as part of reality, independent of thought or an observer. Subjective:
More informationTHE STRUCTURALIST MOVEMENT: AN OVERVIEW
THE STRUCTURALIST MOVEMENT: AN OVERVIEW Research Scholar, Department of English, Punjabi University, Patiala. (Punjab) INDIA Structuralism was a remarkable movement in the mid twentieth century which had
More informationIntroduction and Overview
1 Introduction and Overview Invention has always been central to rhetorical theory and practice. As Richard Young and Alton Becker put it in Toward a Modern Theory of Rhetoric, The strength and worth of
More informationArtsECO Scholars Joelle Worm, ArtsECO Director. NAME OF TEACHER: Ian Jack McGibbon LESSON PLAN #1 TITLE: Structure In Sculpture NUMBER OF SESSIONS: 2
ArtsECO Scholars Joelle Worm, ArtsECO Director NAME OF TEACHER: Ian Jack McGibbon LESSON PLAN # TITLE: Structure In Sculpture NUMBER OF SESSIONS: BIG IDEA: Structure is the arrangement of and relations
More informationInternal assessment details SL and HL
When assessing a student s work, teachers should read the level descriptors for each criterion until they reach a descriptor that most appropriately describes the level of the work being assessed. If a
More informationGuidelines for the Preparation and Submission of Theses and Written Creative Works
Guidelines for the Preparation and Submission of Theses and Written Creative Works San Francisco State University Graduate Division Fall 2002 Definition of Thesis and Project The California Code of Regulations
More information1. Discuss the social, historical and cultural context of key art and design movements, theories and practices.
Unit 2: Unit code Unit type Contextual Studies R/615/3513 Core Unit Level 4 Credit value 15 Introduction Contextual Studies provides an historical, cultural and theoretical framework to allow us to make
More informationIncommensurability and Partial Reference
Incommensurability and Partial Reference Daniel P. Flavin Hope College ABSTRACT The idea within the causal theory of reference that names hold (largely) the same reference over time seems to be invalid
More informationLiterature Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly
Grade 8 Key Ideas and Details Online MCA: 23 34 items Paper MCA: 27 41 items Grade 8 Standard 1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific
More informationBy Maximus Monaheng Sefotho (PhD). 16 th June, 2015
The nature of inquiry! A researcher s dilemma: Philosophy in crafting dissertations and theses. By Maximus Monaheng Sefotho (PhD). 16 th June, 2015 Maximus.sefotho@up.ac.za max.sefotho@gmail.com Sefotho,
More informationTitle of the Project
A Project Report on Title of the Project Directorate of Distance Education Meerut Submitted for partial fulfillment for award of the degree in Bachelors of Computer Applications BY STUDENT Name- Enrollment
More informationLoughborough University Institutional Repository. This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an author.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Investigating pictorial references by creating pictorial references: an example of theoretical research in the eld of semiotics that employs artistic experiments
More informationRESPONDING TO ART: History and Culture
HIGH SCHOOL RESPONDING TO ART: History and Culture Standard 1 Understand art in relation to history and past and contemporary culture Students analyze artists responses to historical events and societal
More informationSimulacra is derived from the Latin word simulacrum, which means likeness or similarity. The term simulacra was first used by Plato, when he defined
Simulacra is derived from the Latin word simulacrum, which means likeness or similarity. The term simulacra was first used by Plato, when he defined the world in which we live as an imperfect replica of
More informationBOOK REVIEW. William W. Davis
BOOK REVIEW William W. Davis Douglas R. Hofstadter: Codel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid. Pp. xxl + 777. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1979. Hardcover, $10.50. This is, principle something
More informationNational Standards for Visual Art The National Standards for Arts Education
National Standards for Visual Art The National Standards for Arts Education Developed by the Consortium of National Arts Education Associations (under the guidance of the National Committee for Standards
More informationHigh School Photography 3 Curriculum Essentials Document
High School Photography 3 Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction August 2011 Introduction The Boulder Valley Elementary Visual Arts Curriculum
More informationHigh School Pottery & Sculpture 2 Curriculum Essentials Document
High School Pottery & Sculpture 2 Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction February 2012 Introduction The Boulder Valley Elementary Visual
More informationCHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPT AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE, CONCEPT AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1.1 Review of Literature Putra (2013) in his paper entitled Figurative Language in Grace Nichol s Poem. The topic was chosen because a
More informationVisible by Design The Significance of Typography in Media Communication
The Significance of Typography in Media Communication Dr (University of Zurich, Switzerland) Nihon University Tokyo Working Group for Media and Language Studies 2 March 2007 Typography: in Whether I write
More informationWeek 25 Deconstruction
Theoretical & Critical Perspectives Week 25 Key Questions What is deconstruction? Where does it come from? How does deconstruction conceptualise language? How does deconstruction see literature and history?
More informationApproaches to Postmodernism Fall credits Department of English MA program in literature Teacher: Frida Beckman
Approaches to Postmodernism Fall 2016 7.5 credits Department of English MA program in literature Teacher: Frida Beckman Dates Seminars Readings Other remarks Sept 1, 14.00 Sept 8, 15.00 Introduction What
More informationSIGNS, SYMBOLS, AND MEANING DANIEL K. STEWMT*
SIGNS, SYMBOLS, AND MEANING DANIEL K. STEWMT* In research on communication one often encounters an attempted distinction between sign and symbol at the expense of critical attention to meaning. Somehow,
More informationIndiana Academic Standards for Visual Arts Alignment with the. International Violin Competition of Indianapolis Juried Exhibition of Student Art
Indiana Academic Standards for Visual Arts Alignment with the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis Juried Exhibition of Student Art INTRODUCTION The Juried Exhibition of Student Art sponsored
More informationSecond Grade: National Visual Arts Core Standards
Second Grade: National Visual Arts Core Standards Connecting #VA:Cn10.1 Process Component: Interpret Anchor Standard: Synthesize and relate knowledge and personal experiences to make art. Enduring Understanding:
More informationFilm sound: Applying Peircean semiotics to create theory grounded in practice
Film sound: Applying Peircean semiotics to create theory grounded in practice Leo Anthony Murray This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2013 I declare that
More informationCHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter intends to describe the theories that used in this study. This study also presents the result of reviewing some theories that related to the study. The main data
More informationCollege of MUSIC. James Forger, DEAN UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS. Admission as a Junior to the College of Music
College of MUSIC James Forger, DEAN The College of Music offers undergraduate programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Arts, and graduate programs leading to the degrees of
More informationBoyd County Public Schools Middle School Arts and Humanities 7 th Grade VISUAL ARTS DRAFT
Big Idea: Structure in the Arts Understanding of the various structural components of the arts is critical to the development of other larger concepts in the arts. Structures that artists use include elements
More informationSong of Solomon group creative writing activity rubric
Advanced Placement literature, Saltmarsh First semester final, December 2017 These activities introduced ~ Friday 17 th November 2017 Submit by 11.59 pm on Tuesday 12th th December 2017 to e19991063@dekalbschoolsga.org
More informationCedar Grove School District Cedar Grove, NJ. Art. Approved by the Cedar Grove Board of Education in 2017
Cedar Grove School District Cedar Grove, NJ 2017 Grade 4 Art Approved by the Cedar Grove Board of Education in 2017 Superintendent of Schools Mr. Michael J. Fetherman Board of Education Mrs. Christine
More informationCASAS Content Standards for Reading by Instructional Level
CASAS Content Standards for Reading by Instructional Level Categories R1 Beginning literacy / Phonics Key to NRS Educational Functioning Levels R2 Vocabulary ESL ABE/ASE R3 General reading comprehension
More informationUndertaking Semiotics. Today. 1. Textual Analysis. What is Textual Analysis? 2/3/2016. Dr Sarah Gibson. 1. Textual Analysis. 2.
Undertaking Semiotics Dr Sarah Gibson the material reality [of texts] allows for the recovery and critical interrogation of discursive politics in an empirical form; [texts] are neither scientific data
More informationHigh School Pottery & Sculpture 2 Curriculum Essentials Document
High School Pottery & Sculpture 2 Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction August 2011 2 Introduction The Boulder Valley Elementary Visual
More informationWest Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District Art Elective Grade 7
West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District Art Elective Grade 7 Unit 1: Communication Logo Content Area: Visual and Performing Arts Course & Grade Level: Art Elective, Grade 7 Summary and Rationale
More informationCAEA Images of Power Lesson Plan. Grade Level: MS, HS (Adaptable for Elementary, University, Special Needs)
CAEA 2015 - Images of Power Lesson Plan LESSON TITLE: Images of Power: Portraiture as Historical Primary Sources Name of Presenter: Ruby Ming Grade Level: MS, HS (Adaptable for Elementary, University,
More informationCode : is a set of practices familiar to users of the medium
Lecture (05) CODES Code Code : is a set of practices familiar to users of the medium operating within a broad cultural framework. When studying cultural practices, semioticians treat as signs any objects
More informationTHE USE OF METAPHOR IN INVICTUS FILM
THE USE OF METAPHOR IN INVICTUS FILM *Theresia **Meisuri English and Literature Department, Faculty of Language and Arts State University of Medan (UNIMED) ABSTRACT The aims of this article are to find
More informationPhilosophy in the educational process: Understanding what cannot be taught
META: RESEARCH IN HERMENEUTICS, PHENOMENOLOGY, AND PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY VOL. IV, NO. 2 / DECEMBER 2012: 417-421, ISSN 2067-3655, www.metajournal.org Philosophy in the educational process: Understanding
More informationCST/CAHSEE GRADE 9 ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTS (Blueprints adopted by the State Board of Education 10/02)
CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: READING HSEE Notes 1.0 WORD ANALYSIS, FLUENCY, AND SYSTEMATIC VOCABULARY 8/11 DEVELOPMENT: 7 1.1 Vocabulary and Concept Development: identify and use the literal and figurative
More informationTROUBLING QUALITATIVE INQUIRY: ACCOUNTS AS DATA, AND AS PRODUCTS
TROUBLING QUALITATIVE INQUIRY: ACCOUNTS AS DATA, AND AS PRODUCTS Martyn Hammersley The Open University, UK Webinar, International Institute for Qualitative Methodology, University of Alberta, March 2014
More informationImage and Imagination
* Budapest University of Technology and Economics Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, Budapest Abstract. Some argue that photographic and cinematic images are transparent ; we see objects through
More informationFIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN OWL CITY S ALBUMS: A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN OWL CITY S ALBUMS: A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE PUBLICATION ARTICLE Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for getting Bachelor Degree of Education in Department
More informationCreative Process. Colorado 21 st Century Skills. Comprehend. Transfer. Reflect. Create
Curriculum Development Course at a Glance Planning For 5 th Grade Visual Arts Content Area Visual Arts Grade Level 5 th Grade Course Name/Course Code Standard Grade Level Expectations (GLE) GLE Code 1.
More informationAny attempt to revitalize the relationship between rhetoric and ethics is challenged
Why Rhetoric and Ethics? Revisiting History/Revising Pedagogy Lois Agnew Any attempt to revitalize the relationship between rhetoric and ethics is challenged by traditional depictions of Western rhetorical
More informationInterdepartmental Learning Outcomes
University Major/Dept Learning Outcome Source Linguistics The undergraduate degree in linguistics emphasizes knowledge and awareness of: the fundamental architecture of language in the domains of phonetics
More informationWhich vendor sells fresher eggs? A or B
A B Which vendor sells fresher eggs? A or B Chapter 3: Imagery in design Pages 72 100 COM232 Graphic Communication 3 ways to present Uses symbols to convey complex technical information or highly abstract
More informationThe study of design problem in design thinking
Digital Architecture and Construction 85 The study of design problem in design thinking Y.-c. Chiang Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan Abstract The view of design as a kind of problem-solving activity
More informationThe paradigmatic and syntagmatic structure of organizational routines: a deeper look into the ostensive
The paradigmatic and syntagmatic structure of organizational routines: a deeper look into the ostensive Amit Gal Open Univeristy of Israel amitgal4@gmail.com Working paper draft available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2626073
More informationAdvanced Placement English Language and Composition
Spring Lake High School Advanced Placement English Language and Composition Curriculum Map AP English [C] The following CCSSs are embedded throughout the trimester, present in all units applicable: RL.11-12.10
More informationLeering in the Gap: The contribution of the viewer s gaze in creative arts praxis as an extension of material thinking and making
Kimberley Pace Edith Cowan University. Leering in the Gap: The contribution of the viewer s gaze in creative arts praxis as an extension of material thinking and making Keywords: Creative Arts Praxis,
More informationMain Line : Fax :
Hamline University School of Education 1536 Hewitt Avenue MS-A1720 West Hall 2nd Floor Saint Paul, MN 55104-1284 Main Line : 651-523-2600 Fax : 651-523-2489 SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DISSERTATION AND CAPSTONE
More informationNotes on Semiotics: Introduction
Notes on Semiotics: Introduction Review of Structuralism and Poststructuralism 1. Meaning and Communication: Some Fundamental Questions a. Is meaning a private experience between individuals? b. Is it
More informationSynergy between Sustainability and Desirability
Synergy between Sustainability and Desirability In today's environmentally conscious market, there are increasing instances of so called sustainable products" which often fail to convince the public as
More informationInterpreting Museums as Cultural Metaphors
Marilyn Zurmuehlen Working Papers in Art Education ISSN: 2326-7070 (Print) ISSN: 2326-7062 (Online) Volume 10 Issue 1 (1991) pps. 2-7 Interpreting Museums as Cultural Metaphors Michael Sikes Copyright
More information7 th. Grade 3-Dimensional Design Curriculum Essentials Document
7 th Grade 3-Dimensional Design Curriculum Essentials Document Boulder Valley School District Department of Curriculum and Instruction February 2012 Introduction The Boulder Valley Elementary Visual Arts
More informationUniversity of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Campus School of Communication First semester
Theories of meaning and culture ESIN 4008 (3 Credits) LM 7 am-8:50am PU 3122 Prof. Alfredo E. Rivas alfredokino@yahoo.com Course Description: University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Campus School of Communication
More informationSocioBrains THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF ART
THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF ART Tatyana Shopova Associate Professor PhD Head of the Center for New Media and Digital Culture Department of Cultural Studies, Faculty of Arts South-West University
More informationCalifornia Content Standard Alignment: Hoopoe Teaching Stories: Visual Arts Grades Nine Twelve Proficient* DENDE MARO: THE GOLDEN PRINCE
Proficient* *The proficient level of achievement for students in grades nine through twelve can be attained at the end of one year of high school study within the discipline of the visual arts after the
More informationWHAT IS CALLED THINKING IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
THINKING IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Val Danilov 7 WHAT IS CALLED THINKING IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? Igor Val Danilov, CEO Multi National Education, Rome, Italy Abstract The reflection
More informationIdeograms in Polyscopic Modeling
Ideograms in Polyscopic Modeling Dino Karabeg Department of Informatics University of Oslo dino@ifi.uio.no Der Denker gleicht sehr dem Zeichner, der alle Zusammenhänge nachzeichnen will. (A thinker is
More informationthe artifact project
artifact: 1) something created by humans usually for a practical purpose; especially an object remaining from a particular period. 2) something characteristic or resulting from a human institution or activity.
More informationCreative Process. Colorado 21 st Century Skills. Comprehend. Transfer. Reflect. Create
Curriculum Development Course at a Glance Planning For 8 th Grade Visual Arts Content Area Visual Arts Grade Level 8 th Grade Course Name/Course Code Standard Grade Level Expectations (GLE) GLE Code 1.
More informationDependence of Mathematical Knowledge on Culture
Dependence of Mathematical Knowledge on Culture Rajesh Swaminathan Candidate Code : D 001188-034 February 16, 2005 10. Is knowledge in mathematics and other Areas of Knowledge dependent on culture to the
More informationPhenomenology Glossary
Phenomenology Glossary Phenomenology: Phenomenology is the science of phenomena: of the way things show up, appear, or are given to a subject in their conscious experience. Phenomenology tries to describe
More informationYear 13 COMPARATIVE ESSAY STUDY GUIDE Paper
Year 13 COMPARATIVE ESSAY STUDY GUIDE Paper 2 2015 Contents Themes 3 Style 9 Action 13 Character 16 Setting 21 Comparative Essay Questions 29 Performance Criteria 30 Revision Guide 34 Oxford Revision Guide
More informationCopyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere
More informationSurface Integration: Psychology. Christopher D. Keiper. Fuller Theological Seminary
Working Past Application 1 Surface Integration: Current Interpretive Problems and a Suggested Hermeneutical Model for Approaching Christian Psychology Christopher D. Keiper Fuller Theological Seminary
More informationPolicies and Procedures
I. TPC Mission Statement Policies and Procedures The Professional Counselor (TPC) is the official, refereed, open-access, electronic journal of the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates
More informationCollege of MUSIC. James Forger, DEAN UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS. Admission as a Junior to the College of Music
College of MUSIC James Forger, DEAN The College of Music offers undergraduate programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Arts, and graduate programs leading to the degrees of
More informationGreeley-Evans School District 6 High School Painting II Curriculum Guide Unit: Observation Timeline: 4 weeks
High School Unit: Observation Timeline: 4 weeks Enduring Concept: Personal inquiry into artistic processes can lead to unforeseen, unpredictable, and original art forms. Grade Level Expectations (GLE)
More informationThe role of understanding in design: from design knowledge to design wisdom Pınar Yalçın Celik Semra Aydinlı
1 The role of understanding in design: from design knowledge to design wisdom Pınar Yalçın Celik Semra Aydinlı Introduction Contemporary design education becomes more complex and comprehensive because
More informationThe Application of Karl Popper s Three Worlds Schema to Questions about Information in the Fields of Complexity, Cybernetics, and Informatics
The Application of Karl Popper s Three Worlds Schema to Questions about Information in the Fields of Complexity, Cybernetics, and Informatics Paul D. NUGENT, Ph.D. Westside Classroom Building, Room 203
More informationWhat is to be considered as ART: by George Dickie, Philosophy of Art, Aesthetics
What is to be considered as ART: by George Dickie, Philosophy of Art, Aesthetics 1. An artist is a person who participates with understanding in the making of a work of art. 2. A work of art is an artifact
More information