Classical Rhetoric. Martin Cothran Instructor

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1 Classical Rhetoric Martin Cothran Instructor

2 Lesson II The definition and division of rhetoric

3 The definition of rhetoric The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion

4 What is unique about rhetoric? Rhetoric can be used to persuade in any subject

5 Artistic vs. non-artistic proofs Artistic proofs are part of rhetoric proper

6 The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself

7 The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself

8 The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself

9 The 3 Means of Persuasion Personal character of the speaker Disposition of the audience Words of the speech itself

10 The 3 Means of Persuasion Ethical Emotional Logical

11 The 3 Means of Persuasion Ethos Pathos Logos

12 Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments

13 The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism

14 Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme

15 An argument is persuasive and credible when: It is self-evident It is based on self-evident truths

16 The matter of enthymemes Probabilities Signs

17 The two kinds of signs Fallible Infallible

18 The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial

19 The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial

20 The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial

21 The three divisions of rhetoric Political Legal (forensic) Ceremonial

22 The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present

23 The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame

24 The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame

25 The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame

26 The aims of rhetoric Political: to do or not do something Forensic: accusation or defense Ceremonial: praise or blame

27 The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor

28 Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader

29 Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader

30 Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader

31 Three goals of reading Acquisition of information Development of understanding Entertainment of reader

32 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he is ill

33 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he is ill

34 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill

35 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill

36 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill

37 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill P

38 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill Therefore, he S is ill P

39 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever are ill P Therefore, he S is ill P

40 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever M are ill P Therefore, he S is ill P

41 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever M are ill P Therefore, he S is ill P

42 Extrapolating an enthymeme A: All people who have a fever M are ill P A: Therefore, he S is ill P

43 Extrapolating an enthymeme bar: All people who have a fever M are ill P bar: A: Therefore, he S is ill P

44 Extrapolating an enthymeme bar: All people who have a fever M are ill P bar: He S has a fever P A: Therefore, he S is ill P

45 Extrapolating an enthymeme All people who have a fever M are ill P He S has a fever P Therefore, he S is ill P

46 Three elements of division Logical whole Subjective parts Principle of division

47 Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments

48 Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments

49 Upon what each of the 3 means of persuasion depends Ethos: words of the speaker Pathos: feelings of the audience Logos: persuasive arguments

50 The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism

51 The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism

52 The three things a man must be able to do to master the means of persuasion Scientifically consider virtue Know the nature of emotions Master the syllogism

53 Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme

54 Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme

55 Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme

56 Argument Form in Logic: Induction Argument Form in Rhetoric: Example Syllogism Enthymeme

57 The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience

58 The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience

59 The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience

60 The three elements of speechmaking Speaker Subject Audience

61 The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present

62 The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present

63 The three kinds of hearers Assemblyman Future Juror Past Observer Present

64 The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor

65 The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor

66 The ends of rhetoric Political: expediency Forensic: justice Ceremonial: honor

67 hendiadys

68 Mode of Persuasion Audience of Speech Time Concerned With Aim of Speech End of Speech What The Mode of Persuasion Depends On What Speaker Must Be Able to Do or Understand Political Forensic Ceremonial

69 effectiveness

70 paradiastole hendiadys

71 Artistic vs. non-artistic proofs

72 Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic

73 Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic

74 Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic

75 Roles Kingly: governing Priestly: teaching Prophetic: critic

76 Figures of Speech

77 asyndeton polysyndeton

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