Personification Adjective Alliteration Assonance Metaphor Onomatopoeia Hyperbole

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1 Simile Personification Adjective Alliteration Assonance Metaphor Onomatopoeia Hyperbole A simile is when you indirectly compare two unlike things using the words like or as. The sun looked like a ball of yellow butter. The snow was as white as cotton wool. Personification is when you give an inanimate (non-living) object, human qualities. The wave s icy fingers grabbed the surfer. The alarm clock screamed in my ear. An adjective is a describing word. The glowing orange sunset fell over the spiky green mountains. Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound in words with close connection. The slimy snake slithered down the smooth slope. Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in words with close connection. The sound of the hound in the pound upset me. A metaphor is when you directly compare two unlike things, sometimes using is or are. More powerful than a simile. The sun is an oven. The ocean is a giant washing machine. Onomatopoeia is when an action mimics the sound it makes. Bang Hiss Splash Buzz Hyperbole is a form of exaggeration used to highlight a point. Your bedroom looks like a cyclone s been through it!

2 What is the Tone of a Text? The TONE of a text is the feeling, mood, emotion or atmosphere. If you are trying to describe the tone of a text you should always ask yourself first is the feeling positive or negative? Then find other words to describe the tone in more detail. Words to describe a positive tone: Happy, excited, exhilarated, cheerful, understanding, funny/fun, energetic, joyful, chirpy, content, thrilled, relaxed, pleased, lucky, blissful, jovial, helpful, convincing, informative, persuasive, supportive, confident, enthusiastic, responsible, friendly, motivating, uplifting, reflective, proud, peaceful, Words to describe a negative tone: Sad, sombre, angry, frustrated, melancholy, agitated, furious, lonely, lost, nervous, sympathetic, dejected, miserable, depressed, gloomy, scary, anxious, uninterested, defensive, contradictory, annoyed, outraged, resentful, isolated, bittersweet, embarrassed, creepy, confusing, Note that tone can also be NUETRAL for example, a feeling of complacency or indifference

3 Sensory Imagery TASTE What can I taste? gustatory TOUCH What can feel? SIGHT What can I see? visual tactile SOUND What can I hear? SMELL What can I smell? olfactory auditory HOT AND COLD What is the temperature? thermal thermal MOVEMENT What sensations can I feel? kinaesthetic

4 How do I respond to a text? What? WHAT HOW LINKS Scaffold What is the content/subject matter? What is the text literally saying? What is saying on a metaphorical OR symbolic level? What is the bigger message? What is the context? How? How is the text conveying the above messages? Through what techniques is the message being delivered? Use the four point IEEL techniques scaffold to write in detail about the use of techniques: - Identify - Examples - Effect - Links Links? How does this text link to the concept you are studying? How do the themes/characters/setting/techniques help to convey this? How does this text help to shape YOUR understanding of the concept? How does this text link to other texts you have studied in relation to the concept (similarities/differences)? Ensure you are linking your response back to the specific question you are answering. Use this scaffold as a guide only. You don t have to complete every element for all questions or in any particular order. It is here to help shape your responses.

5 FOUR POINT I.E.E.L TECHNIQUE SCAFFOLD Whenever you discuss a technique you should follow this scaffold to make sure you address all aspects of a question. You do not have to follow the scaffold in any particular order. 1. I - IDENTIFY What is the technique? Describe the technique being used. Try to explain the purpose of the technique. For example if a composer is using similes and metaphors they are trying to create visual imagery to appeal to the senses of the responder so that they create their own image in their mind inspired by the text. 2. E - EXAMPLE/S Provide one or several examples of the technique. Use direct quotes when discussing language techniques or describe examples in detail if discussing a visual technique (for example; in film, pictures, brochures). Explain where the quote/example comes from and why you have used it. When quoting do not forget to use inverted commas at the beginning and end of each quote. Use an ellipsis to indicate any words/sections of the quote missing. 3. E - EFFECT What is the effect of the technique? What effect does it have on the responder? Does it create a particular tone? Or pace? Does it help to create the narrative, themes, characters or the setting? Why has the composer used this technique? What was their purpose? 4. L - LINKS How does this technique help to convey the concept? How does it link to the concept? How does it link to any other techniques in this text or other related texts? Find connections by comparing examples or the effect different techniques have. Point four (LINKS) can only be used if you are comparing texts or discussing texts in relation to a concept.

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