The Ancient Philosophers: What is philosophy?
|
|
- Benjamin Webb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 The Ancient Philosophers: What is philosophy? 2
3 The Pre-Socratics 6th and 5th century BC thinkers the first philosophers and the first scientists no appeal to the supernatural we have only fragments of their work, and testimonia concerned with physical and cosmological speculation 3
4 The Milesians Thales water is the fundamental principle Anaximander - the orderly nature of the universe is internal rather than imposed from outside Anaximenes - the natural mechanism for change is the condensation and rarefaction of air Heraclitus everything is flux Parmenides humans can acquire knowledge Pythagoras nature is a structured system ordered by number Democritus the void is real 4
5 Socrates B.C.E. Never wrote anything Concerned with morality and the best way to live Hugely influenced Plato Put to death by the Athenian state 5
6 Plato B.C.E wrote in dialogue form has been said the whole history of philosophy is a series of footnotes to Plato famous for the theories of Forms and Anamnesis founded the first university The Academy 6
7 Aristotle B.C.E. Pupil of Plato Teacher of Alexander Polymath from logic to ethics first to classify human knowledge into disciplines founded the Lyceum 7
8 Further Reading: Barnes, J., 1982, The Presocratic Philosophers, 2nd edition, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Graham, D. W. (ed.), 2010, The Texts of Early Greek Philosophy: The Complete Fragments and Selected Testimonies of the Major Presocratics, two volumes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Morrison, Donald R., 2010, The Cambridge Companion to Socrates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kraut, Richard (ed.), 1992, The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barnes, J., The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, My romp through the history of philosophy: Peter Adamson s History of Philosophy without any gaps: Documentary of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle: 8
9 The Enlightenment: The birth of scientific method and questions about knowledge 9
10 Scholasticism Aristotle s Organum Knowledge attainable only by using deductive logic everything is constituted of some combination of earth, air, fire and water 1620 Bacon s Novum Organum inductive logic experiment and experience 10
11 Descartes Rene Descartes ( ) the quest for knowledge innate ideas scepticism 11
12 The British Empiricists Locke, Berkeley and Hume the theory of ideas the problem of induction idealism 12
13 Further Reading: The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Aristotle s logic: Bacon, F., The New Organon (Novum Organum), ed. by Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Rationalism and Empiricism: The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Descartes: The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Hume: Bernard Williams and Bryan McGee on Descartes: Peter Millican s lectures on Hume: 13
14 Modern Philosophy: Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein and the birth of computing 14
15 Gottlob Frege ( ) Frege s Begriffsschrift revolutionised logic when it was published in 1879 This was because it introduced quantifiers and enables logic to add all and some to the existing logical connectives (every good girl loves a sailor) In 1893 he published his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik Frege attempted to reduce arithmetic to logic using the symbols he had himself introduced In 1903 Russell wrote to Frege showing that it is possible to derive Russell s paradox from Frege s basic law 15
16 Some classes (or sets) seem to be members of themselves, while some do not. The class of all classes is itself a class and so is a member of itself. The null or empty class is not a member of itself. However, suppose that we can form a class of all classes that, like the null class, are not included in themselves. Question: is this class a member of itself? Consider a group of barbers who shave only those men who do not shave themselves. Suppose there is a barber in this collection who does not shave himself; then by the definition of the collection, he must shave himself. But no barber in the collection can shave himself. (If so, he would be a man who does shave men who shave themselves.) 16
17 Bertrand Russell ( ) Wrote on many topics but best known for his mathematical logic and analytic philosophy Very politically active Invented neutral monism nd_russell_on_his_student_ludwig_wittgenstei n_man_of_genius_or_merely_an_eccentric.ht ml 17
18 Ludwig Wittenstein ( ) Early and late Wittgenstein Philosophy of Language (mind and logic) Published only one book in his lifetime The private language argument 18
19 Further Reading: Bryan McGee talks to A.J.Ayer about Frege and Russell: The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Frege: A Guardian article on Russell: The Internet Encyclopaedia on Russell s paradox: The Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy on Wittgenstein: Bryan McGee talks to Anthony Quinton about Russell and Wittgenstein: D0Sjtf78hHmx&index=2 19
20 Cutting Edge Philosophy: a very modern philosophical problem 20
21 Our attempts to show that mental states are physical states have failed repeatedly. In 1975 the philosopher Hilary Putnam offered a possible explanation of such failures. Could it be, he asked, that the mental states simply aren t in the head? 21
22 To understand Putnam s argument we should first understand Internalism. Internalism is the view that mental states are states of the sort that are inside us. So the mind and all its mental states are intrinsic properties of a person. 22
23 Intrinsic (non-relational) properties: Physical properties (including neural properties) Phenomenological properties Behavioural dispositions 23
24 Descartes was an Internalist. He believed that all our beliefs about the external world could be false because he believed our beliefs would be the same even if the world was entirely other than we take it to be. This assumes that our thoughts are the thoughts they are solely because of properties intrinsic to us 24
25 INTERNALISM World One in which our thoughts about the external world are (mainly) true World Two in which our thought about the external world are all false 25 25
26 Putnam s thought experiment questions Internalism by asking us to imagine: Our planet Earth a person, Oscar Another planet, Twin Earth Oscar s doppelganger Oscar TE 26
27 Two important things to note: 1. Twin Earth is exactly like Earth except the stuff that runs in rivers, that they drink and shower in, has the chemical composition XYZ instead of H 2 0 (we ll call this water TE ) 2. Oscar TE is identical to Oscar with respect to his physical properties, his phenomenological properties and his behavioural dispositions (i.e. all his intrinsic properties) 27
28 Oscar TE That s water XYZ Twin Earth Oscar That s water H 2 0 Earth 28 28
29 The next thing we have to imagine is that Oscar is overnight transported to Twin Earth. He finds himself in the same room with Oscar TE both of them are looking at a glass of water TE and both of them are thinking that s water The question we must answer is are the twins thinking the same thought? 29
30 Twin Earth Oscar TE That s water XYZ That s water Oscar Question: Are the twins thinking the same thought? 30 30
31 If you are an Internalist you have to say that the twins are thinking the same thought. The twins are identical with respect to all their intrinsic states (ex hypothesi). As an Internalist you believe that the twins thoughts are wholly and solely determined by these intrinsic states. So the twins must be thinking the same thoughts. 31
32 But we might want to insist that the twins thought are different. One reason for thinking this is that Oscar s thought is false. Yet Oscar TE s thought is true 32
33 When Oscar thinks about water after all Oscar is thinking about H 2 0. But the liquid he is thinking about on Twin Earth is not H 2 0, it is XYZ. So his thought that s water is a thought about something that is not water. It is therefore false. 33
34 But when Oscar TE thinks that s water he is thinking about water TE. And water TE is XYZ. When both the twins are on Twin Earth Oscar TE s thought that s water is a thought about something that is water TE. It is therefore true. 34
35 But if their thoughts were the same thoughts entertained in the same circumstances then their thoughts would have to have the same truth value. 35
36 It is the content of a thought that relative to a specific context determines its truth value for example the content of the thought it s a cat entertained whilst looking at a dog would generate the truth value false 36
37 So if the twins thoughts differ in their truth value then this can only be because their contexts differ or because the contents of their thoughts differ and ex hypothesi they are embedded in the same context so it must be the contents of their thoughts that differ. This means they are not thinking the same thought 37 37
38 Putnam argues that the twins thoughts do differ in content and that as they are identical with respect to their intrinsic properties i.e. in respect to all their internal properties this means that thoughts ain t in the head they must instead be determined by the environment, or rather by the subject s relations to things in his environment 38 38
39 Internalism, therefore, is false says Putnam and Externalism is true 39
40 EXTERNALISM World One World Two 40 40
41 If Externalism is true then mental states that have contents are not inside the head they are not determined by states intrinsic to the subject but by the subject s relational states 41 41
42 Perhaps the relation between the mind and the body is so intractable because whilst physical states are the sort of states that are inside us..mental states are the sort of states we get into. in which case it is not surprising that we cannot prove that they are identical! 42
43 Resources: Stanford entry on intentionality (mental states that have content) (Stanford entry on externalism) (Stanford s entry on Internalism (also known as narrow content ) Podcast: Rupert Sheldrake on Empirical Evidence on the Extended Mind For reading check out the reading list 43
44 Where to go from here: Online courses There are ten online courses in philosophy run by OUDCE. You can find them here: Podcasts If you have enjoyed this course you might enjoy listening to my podcasts You ll find them on my website: or on the Oxford site of itunesu along with all sorts of other podcasts made by Oxford philosophers, and other Oxford academics: Marianne on twitter and Facebook (Marianne Talbot Philosophy) The Philosophical Society OUDCE s thriving Philosophical Society currently has nearly 450 members. Membership currently costs 12 a year. If you can t get to Oxford as a member you can use the discussion forums on the society s website to discuss all sorts of issues with other members. You will find details of benefits and of how to apply for membership on the website: 44
TEST BANK. Chapter 1 Historical Studies: Some Issues
TEST BANK Chapter 1 Historical Studies: Some Issues 1. As a self-conscious formal discipline, psychology is a. about 300 years old. * b. little more than 100 years old. c. only 50 years old. d. almost
More informationThe Milesian School. Philosopher Profile. Pre-Socratic Philosophy A brief introduction of the Milesian School of philosophical thought.
The Milesian School Philosopher Profile Pre-Socratic Philosophy A brief introduction of the Milesian School of philosophical thought. ~ Eternity in an Hour Background Information Ee Suen Zheng Bachelor
More informationLectures On The History Of Philosophy, Volume 1: Greek Philosophy To Plato By E. S. Haldane, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Lectures On The History Of Philosophy, Volume 1: Greek Philosophy To Plato By E. S. Haldane, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Nettleship Lectures on the Republic of Plato (London: Macmillan, 1958) Kenny,
More informationUNIT SPECIFICATION FOR EXCHANGE AND STUDY ABROAD
Unit Code: Unit Name: Department: Faculty: 475Z022 METAPHYSICS (INBOUND STUDENT MOBILITY - JAN ENTRY) Politics & Philosophy Faculty Of Arts & Humanities Level: 5 Credits: 5 ECTS: 7.5 This unit will address
More informationChapter 2: The Early Greek Philosophers MULTIPLE CHOICE
Chapter 2: The Early Greek Philosophers MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Viewing all of nature as though it were alive is called: A. anthropomorphism B. animism C. primitivism D. mysticism ANS: B DIF: factual REF: The
More informationPH 360 CROSS-CULTURAL PHILOSOPHY IES Abroad Vienna
PH 360 CROSS-CULTURAL PHILOSOPHY IES Abroad Vienna DESCRIPTION: The basic presupposition behind the course is that philosophy is an activity we are unable to resist : since we reflect on other people,
More informationThe Philosophy of Language. Frege s Sense/Reference Distinction
The Philosophy of Language Lecture Two Frege s Sense/Reference Distinction Rob Trueman rob.trueman@york.ac.uk University of York Introduction Frege s Sense/Reference Distinction Introduction Frege s Theory
More informationARISTOTLE S METAPHYSICS. February 5, 2016
ARISTOTLE S METAPHYSICS February 5, 2016 METAPHYSICS IN GENERAL Aristotle s Metaphysics was given this title long after it was written. It may mean: (1) that it deals with what is beyond nature [i.e.,
More information7AAN2026 Greek Philosophy I: Plato Syllabus Academic year 2015/16
School of Arts & Humanities Department of Philosophy 7AAN2026 Greek Philosophy I: Plato Syllabus Academic year 2015/16 Basic information Credits: 20 Module Tutor: Dr Tamsin de Waal Office: Rm 702 Consultation
More informationPHIL 260. ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY. Fall 2017 Tuesday & Thursday: (Oddfellows 106)
1 PHIL 260. ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY Fall 2017 Tuesday & Thursday: 9.30 10.45 (Oddfellows 106) Instructor: Dr. Steven Farrelly-Jackson Office: Oddfellows 115 Office hours: Mon & Wed: 12.15 1.30; Tues:
More information124 Philosophy of Mathematics
From Plato to Christian Wüthrich http://philosophy.ucsd.edu/faculty/wuthrich/ 124 Philosophy of Mathematics Plato (Πλάτ ων, 428/7-348/7 BCE) Plato on mathematics, and mathematics on Plato Aristotle, the
More informationEd. Carroll Moulton. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p COPYRIGHT 1998 Charles Scribner's Sons, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale
Biography Aristotle Ancient Greece and Rome: An Encyclopedia for Students Ed. Carroll Moulton. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. p59-61. COPYRIGHT 1998 Charles Scribner's Sons, COPYRIGHT
More informationThe History of Philosophy. and Course Themes
The History of Philosophy and Course Themes The (Abbreviated) History of Philosophy and Course Themes The (Very Abbreviated) History of Philosophy and Course Themes Two Purposes of Schooling 1. To gain
More informationHISTORY 104A History of Ancient Science
HISTORY 104A History of Ancient Science Michael Epperson Spring 2019 Email: epperson@csus.edu T,TH 10:30-11:45 AM ARC 1008 Web: www.csus.edu/cpns/epperson Office: Benicia Hall 1012 Telephone: 916-400-9870
More informationBackground to Gottlob Frege
Background to Gottlob Frege Gottlob Frege (1848 1925) Life s work: logicism (the reduction of arithmetic to logic). This entailed: Inventing (discovering?) modern logic, including quantification, variables,
More informationCourse Syllabus. Ancient Greek Philosophy (direct to Philosophy) (toll-free; ask for the UM-Flint Philosophy Department)
Note: This PDF syllabus is for informational purposes only. The final authority lies with the printed syllabus distributed in class, and any changes made thereto. This document was created on 8/26/2007
More informationIn order to enrich our experience of great works of philosophy and literature we will include, whenever feasible, speakers, films and music.
West Los Angeles College Philosophy 12 History of Greek Philosophy Fall 2015 Instructor Rick Mayock, Professor of Philosophy Required Texts There is no single text book for this class. All of the readings,
More informationAristotle. By Sarah, Lina, & Sufana
Aristotle By Sarah, Lina, & Sufana Aristotle: Occupation Greek philosopher whose writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics,
More informationAristotle. Aristotle. Aristotle and Plato. Background. Aristotle and Plato. Aristotle and Plato
Aristotle Aristotle Lived 384-323 BC. He was a student of Plato. Was the tutor of Alexander the Great. Founded his own school: The Lyceum. He wrote treatises on physics, cosmology, biology, psychology,
More informationAncient Greece --- LANDSCAPE
Ancient Greece --- LANDSCAPE PCES 1.11 After the Mycenaen civilisation fell around 1200 BC, a dark age ensued. Greek and E. Mediterranean city states Santorini (Thira) emerged from this around 800 BC.
More informationPHILOSOPHY PLATO ( BC) VVR CHAPTER: 1 PLATO ( BC) PHILOSOPHY by Dr. Ambuj Srivastava / (1)
PHILOSOPHY by Dr. Ambuj Srivastava / (1) CHAPTER: 1 PLATO (428-347BC) PHILOSOPHY The Western philosophy begins with Greek period, which supposed to be from 600 B.C. 400 A.D. This period also can be classified
More informationEnglish 12 Summer Assignment: Philosophy Through Literature and Film
Dear Seniors, English 12 Summer Assignment: Philosophy Through Literature and Film I am so pleased to work with you next year, and excited about our new set of senior electives in English. You are enrolled
More informationSpecial Issue on Ideas of Plato in the Philosophy of the 21st Century : An Introduction
Athens Journal of Humanities & Arts - Volume 5, Issue 1 Pages 7-12 Special Issue on Ideas of Plato in the Philosophy of the 21st Century : An Introduction By Mark Burgin Plato is one of the top philosophers
More informationThe Strengths and Weaknesses of Frege's Critique of Locke By Tony Walton
The Strengths and Weaknesses of Frege's Critique of Locke By Tony Walton This essay will explore a number of issues raised by the approaches to the philosophy of language offered by Locke and Frege. This
More informationUNIT SPECIFICATION FOR EXCHANGE AND STUDY ABROAD
Unit Code: Unit Name: Department: Faculty: 475Z02 METAPHYSICS (INBOUND STUDENT MOBILITY - SEPT ENTRY) Politics & Philosophy Faculty Of Arts & Humanities Level: 5 Credits: 5 ECTS: 7.5 This unit will address
More informationChapter Two: Philosophical Influences on Psychology PSY 495 Dr. Rick Grieve Western Kentucky University Philosophy from the Greeks to Descartes
Chapter Two: Philosophical Influences on Psychology PSY 495 Dr. Rick Grieve Western Kentucky University Plato and Aristotle o 400 BC to 300 BC Hellenistic Period Not much after this until 1200-1300 AD
More informationCOURSE: PHILOSOPHY GRADE(S): NATIONAL STANDARDS: UNIT OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to: STATE STANDARDS:
COURSE: PHILOSOPHY GRADE(S): 11-12 UNIT: WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY TIMEFRAME: 2 weeks NATIONAL STANDARDS: STATE STANDARDS: 8.1.12 B Synthesize and evaluate historical sources Literal meaning of historical passages
More informationScientific Philosophy
Scientific Philosophy Gustavo E. Romero IAR-CONICET/UNLP, Argentina FCAGLP, UNLP, 2018 Philosophy of mathematics The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical
More informationAspects of Western Philosophy Dr. Sreekumar Nellickappilly Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Aspects of Western Philosophy Dr. Sreekumar Nellickappilly Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module 03 Lecture 03 Plato s Idealism: Theory of Ideas This
More informationTHREE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGY:
1 THREE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR MATHEMATICS EDUCATION * by Stephen Campbell Department of Education University of California, Irvine It may be of use to distinguish
More informationweb address: address: Description
History of Philosophy: Ancient PHILOSOPHY 157 Fall 2010 Center Hall 222: MWF 12-12:50 pm Monte Ransome Johnson Associate Professor monte@ucsd.edu SSH 7058: MW 2-3 pm web address: http://groups.google.com/group/2010-ucsd-phil-157
More informationSome notes on the Milesian School and its Scholars
Some notes on the Milesian School and its Scholars S. Belen, M.E. Özel and G.-W. Weber October 21, 2010 Abstract In this work, ancient Milesian School and its first three scholars, Thales, Anaximander
More informationFrege s Philosophy. Course Outline and Selected Reading
Frege s Philosophy Course Outline and Selected Reading The main text for this course is: Frege, Gottlob, (FR) The Frege Reader, ed. (Blackwell, 1997) This contains a selection of Frege s writings, including
More informationThe Greek Philosophers
The Greek Philosophers The founders of Western Thought (The Original Dead White Males) Next slide The School of Athens by Raphael' Malaysian School PreSocratics (7th - 5th century B.C.) The power of the
More informationThe Greek Philosophers From Thales To Aristotle By James Warren, W. K. C. Guthrie READ ONLINE
The Greek Philosophers From Thales To Aristotle By James Warren, W. K. C. Guthrie READ ONLINE If you are looking for a ebook The Greek Philosophers from Thales to Aristotle by James Warren, W. K. C. Guthrie
More informationPhilosophy? BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY. Philosophy? Branches of Philosophy. Branches of Philosophy. Branches of Philosophy 1/18/2013
PISMPBI3113, IPGKTAR@2013 EDU 3101 1 Philosophy? 2 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY philo love of, affinity for, liking of philander to engage in love affairs frivolously philanthropy love of mankind in general
More informationBA PHILOSOPHY. Question bank for additional paper Early Greek Philosophy
BA PHILOSOPHY Question bank for additional paper Early Greek Philosophy 1. The Greek word dialectos means (a) Conversations (b) arguments (c) discussion (d) None of the above 2 The first to introduce the
More informationChoosing your modules (Joint Honours Philosophy) Information for students coming to UEA in 2015, for a Joint Honours Philosophy Programme.
Choosing your modules 2015 (Joint Honours Philosophy) Information for students coming to UEA in 2015, for a Joint Honours Philosophy Programme. We re delighted that you ve decided to come to UEA for your
More informationNo Proposition can be said to be in the Mind, which it never yet knew, which it was never yet conscious of. (Essay I.II.5)
Michael Lacewing Empiricism on the origin of ideas LOCKE ON TABULA RASA In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke argues that all ideas are derived from sense experience. The mind is a tabula
More informationUnit 2. WoK 1 - Perception
Unit 2 WoK 1 - Perception What is perception? The World Knowledge Sensation Interpretation The philosophy of sense perception The rationalist tradition - Plato Plato s theory of knowledge - The broken
More informationTruth, American Culture, and Fuzzy Logic
Truth, American Culture, and Fuzzy Logic Dan Simon Cleveland State University NAFIPS Conference June 4, 2006 Outline 1. Premodernism Modernism Postmodernism 2. Why is fuzzy logic true? 3. The fuzzy logic
More informationT h e G r e e k P h i l o s o p h e r s
T h e G r e e k P h i l o s o p h e r s Routledge Classics contains the very best of Routledge publishing over the past century or so, books that have, by popular consent, become established as classics
More informationImproving Scientific Language
Improving Scientific Language A General Look at Conceptual Debates in Science Jan-Tore Time Thesis presented for the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Supervised by Professor Øystein Linnebo Department of
More informationNone DEREE COLLEGE SYLLABUS FOR: PH 4028 KANT AND GERMAN IDEALISM UK LEVEL 6 UK CREDITS: 15 US CREDITS: 3/0/3. (Updated SPRING 2016) PREREQUISITES:
DEREE COLLEGE SYLLABUS FOR: PH 4028 KANT AND GERMAN IDEALISM (Updated SPRING 2016) UK LEVEL 6 UK CREDITS: 15 US CREDITS: 3/0/3 PREREQUISITES: CATALOG DESCRIPTION: RATIONALE: LEARNING OUTCOMES: None The
More informationPHIL 446A-Feminist Philosophy. (Same as WGSS 456A) A general survey of feminist theory and philosophical perspectives.
PHIL 400-3 Philosophy of Mind. An investigation of the philosophic issues raised by several competing theories of mind, focusing on the fundamental debate between reductionistic accounts (e.g., central
More informationCourse Outline TIME AND LOCATION MWF 11:30-12:20 ML 349
Course Outline SURVEY OF GREEK LITERATURE (CLAS 231) University of Waterloo, Fall Term, 2011 INSTRUCTOR Ron Kroeker, PhD Office: ML 225 Office hours: Tuesday 2:30-3:30 pm Wednesday 1:00-2:00 pm Email:
More informationHeinrich Heine: Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe der Werke, hg. v. Manfred Windfuhr, Band 3/1, S. 198 (dt.), S. 294 (franz.)
Heinrich Heine: Gedichte 1853 und 1854: Traduction (Saint-René Taillandier):H. Heine: Le Livre de Lazare (1854): Questions de recherche, 5 octobre 2017: «Aber ist das eine Antwort?» (Heine) : On Questioning
More informationIndividualism and the Aesthetic
Individualism and the Aesthetic A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Hyun Joo Shin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE
More informationEnvironmental Ethics: From Theory to Practice
Environmental Ethics: From Theory to Practice Marion Hourdequin Companion Website Material Chapter 1 Companion website by Julia Liao and Marion Hourdequin ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
More informationParmenides, Hegel and Special Relativity
Mann, Scott 2009. Parmenides, Hegel and Special Relativity. In M. Rossetto, M. Tsianikas, G. Couvalis and M. Palaktsoglou (Eds.) "Greek Research in Australia: Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial International
More informationP 340. From ATOMS to the UNIVERSE
P 340 From ATOMS to the UNIVERSE The evolution of philosophical and scientific understanding of the physical world- from Plato & Democritus to Quantum physics COURSE PLAN (1) THE ANCIENT WORLD 1.5 weeks
More informationThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Philosophy. PHIL 2050 History of Western Philosophy II Course Outline
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Philosophy Course overview PHIL 2050 History of Western Philosophy II Course Outline This course is a history oriented introduction into modern Western
More informationPlato s work in the philosophy of mathematics contains a variety of influential claims and arguments.
Philosophy 405: Knowledge, Truth and Mathematics Spring 2014 Hamilton College Russell Marcus Class #3 - Plato s Platonism Sample Introductory Material from Marcus and McEvoy, An Historical Introduction
More informationDepartment of Philosophy Florida State University
Department of Philosophy Florida State University Undergraduate Courses PHI 2010. Introduction to Philosophy (3). An introduction to some of the central problems in philosophy. Students will also learn
More informationFrom Pythagoras to the Digital Computer: The Intellectual Roots of Symbolic Artificial Intelligence
From Pythagoras to the Digital Computer: The Intellectual Roots of Symbolic Artificial Intelligence Volume I of Word and Flux: The Discrete and the Continuous In Computation, Philosophy, and Psychology
More informationLocation SPRING Class code PHIL Instructor Details. Dolores Iorizzo. Appointment by arrangement. Class Details Spring 2018
Location SPRING 2018 Class code Instructor Details PHIL.9040.001 Dolores Iorizzo Appointment by arrangement. Class Details Spring 2018 Ethics Prerequisites Class Description Introduces students to the
More informationPhilosophy Department Expanded Course Descriptions Fall, 2007
Philosophy Department Expanded Course Descriptions Fall, 2007 PHILOSOPHY 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Michael Glanzberg MWF 10:00-10:50a.m., 194 Chemistry CRNs: 66606-66617 Reason and Responsibility, J.
More informationNatika Newton, Foundations of Understanding. (John Benjamins, 1996). 210 pages, $34.95.
441 Natika Newton, Foundations of Understanding. (John Benjamins, 1996). 210 pages, $34.95. Natika Newton in Foundations of Understanding has given us a powerful, insightful and intriguing account of the
More informationQuestions from sample assessment materials with student responses and commentaries 2 and 5 mark items
Questions from sample assessment materials with student responses and commentaries 2 and 5 mark items 1 What is empiricism? (2 marks) Response 1: Our senses. Although sense experience is a key point for
More informationPlato's Symposium By Albert A. Anderson, Plato
Plato's Symposium By Albert A. Anderson, Plato 53 quotes from The Symposium: According to Greek mythology, humans were originally created with four arms, four legs and a head with two faces. Fearing For
More informationFoundations in Data Semantics. Chapter 4
Foundations in Data Semantics Chapter 4 1 Introduction IT is inherently incapable of the analog processing the human brain is capable of. Why? Digital structures consisting of 1s and 0s Rule-based system
More informationHistory of Ancient Philosophy
PHIL 3210 (21857) Spring 2017 Weds & Fri 12:45p- 2:05p Cunz Hall 180 Course Description Prerequisite History of Ancient Philosophy About 2500 years ago, the western philosophical tradition emerged from
More informationPHILOSOPHY (PHI) Philosophy (PHI) 1
Philosophy (PHI) 1 PHILOSOPHY (PHI) PHI 100. John Rawls Political Philosophy. 3 Credit Hours. The study of John Rawl's Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism and Law of People and discussion of the main
More informationRepublic Of Plato By Out Of Print READ ONLINE
Republic Of Plato By Out Of Print READ ONLINE If looking for the ebook Republic Of Plato by Out Of Print in pdf format, then you have come on to loyal site. We presented the utter option of this book in
More informationThe Language Revolution Russell Marcus Fall Class #7 Final Thoughts on Frege on Sense and Reference
The Language Revolution Russell Marcus Fall 2015 Class #7 Final Thoughts on Frege on Sense and Reference Frege s Puzzles Frege s sense/reference distinction solves all three. P The problem of cognitive
More informationJacek Surzyn University of Silesia Kant s Political Philosophy
1 Jacek Surzyn University of Silesia Kant s Political Philosophy Politics is older than philosophy. According to Olof Gigon in Ancient Greece philosophy was born in opposition to the politics (and the
More informationColonnade Program Course Proposal: Explorations Category
Colonnade Program Course Proposal: Explorations Category 1. What course does the department plan to offer in Explorations? Which subcategory are you proposing for this course? (Arts and Humanities; Social
More informationNI YU. Interpreting Memory, Forgetfulness and Testimony in Theory of Recollection
NI YU Interpreting Memory, Forgetfulness and Testimony in Theory of Recollection 1. Theory of recollection is arguably a first theory of innate knowledge or understanding. It is an inventive and positive
More informationOn The Search for a Perfect Language
On The Search for a Perfect Language Submitted to: Peter Trnka By: Alex Macdonald The correspondence theory of truth has attracted severe criticism. One focus of attack is the notion of correspondence
More informationSAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS ATAR YEAR 11
SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS ATAR YEAR 11 Copyright School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2014 This document apart from any third party copyright material contained in it may be freely
More informationAristotle's Poetics By Aristotle READ ONLINE
Aristotle's Poetics By Aristotle READ ONLINE If you are searching for a book Aristotle's Poetics by Aristotle in pdf form, in that case you come on to the right website. We presented full variation of
More informationHabit, Semeiotic Naturalism, and Unity among the Sciences Aaron Wilson
Habit, Semeiotic Naturalism, and Unity among the Sciences Aaron Wilson Abstract: Here I m going to talk about what I take to be the primary significance of Peirce s concept of habit for semieotics not
More informationLecture 12 Aristotle on Knowledge of Principles
Lecture 12 Aristotle on Knowledge of Principles Patrick Maher Scientific Thought I Fall 2009 Introduction We ve seen that according to Aristotle: One way to understand something is by having a demonstration
More informationCare of the self: An Interview with Alexander Nehamas
Care of the self: An Interview with Alexander Nehamas Vladislav Suvák 1. May I say in a simplified way that your academic career has developed from analytical interpretations of Plato s metaphysics to
More informationCorcoran, J George Boole. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2nd edition. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006
Corcoran, J. 2006. George Boole. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2nd edition. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006 BOOLE, GEORGE (1815-1864), English mathematician and logician, is regarded by many logicians
More informationOn Meaning. language to establish several definitions. We then examine the theories of meaning
Aaron Tuor Philosophy of Language March 17, 2014 On Meaning The general aim of this paper is to evaluate theories of linguistic meaning in terms of their success in accounting for definitions of meaning
More informationNightingale, Andrea Wilson, Spectacles of Truth in Ancient Greek Philosophy, Cambridge, 2004.
Greek PHILOSOPHY Two groups of thinkers From ancient Greek philosophical thought there remain to us two different blocks of creativity, that of the Milesian hylozoists in the sixth through fifth centuries,
More informationPhilosophy and Literature
224 Abstracts OLE MARTIN SKILLEÅS Philosophy and Literature Philosophy and literature is an area of study devoted to both written works of artistic creation and philosophical works, with a view to how
More informationAn Introduction To Greek Philosophy
An Introduction To Greek Philosophy If you are searching for the book An Introduction to Greek Philosophy in pdf format, in that case you come on to right website. We present utter option of this book
More informationCHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1.0 Introduction CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically.
More informationPostmodernism. thus one must review the central tenants of Enlightenment philosophy
Postmodernism 1 Postmodernism philosophical postmodernism is the final stage of a long reaction to the Enlightenment modern thought, the idea of modernity itself, stems from the Enlightenment thus one
More informationPUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH FROM A THEORETICAL SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE
PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH FROM A THEORETICAL SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE SVEIN BARENE, PHD Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Public Health, Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway E-mail: svein.barene@hihm.no ABSTRACT
More informationCONTINGENCY AND TIME. Gal YEHEZKEL
CONTINGENCY AND TIME Gal YEHEZKEL ABSTRACT: In this article I offer an explanation of the need for contingent propositions in language. I argue that contingent propositions are required if and only if
More informationRiccardo Chiaradonna, Gabriele Galluzzo (eds.), Universals in Ancient Philosophy, Edizioni della Normale, 2013, pp. 546, 29.75, ISBN
Riccardo Chiaradonna, Gabriele Galluzzo (eds.), Universals in Ancient Philosophy, Edizioni della Normale, 2013, pp. 546, 29.75, ISBN 9788876424847 Dmitry Biriukov, Università degli Studi di Padova In the
More informationLogic and Philosophy of Science (LPS)
Logic and Philosophy of Science (LPS) 1 Logic and Philosophy of Science (LPS) Courses LPS 29. Critical Reasoning. 4 Units. Introduction to analysis and reasoning. The concepts of argument, premise, and
More informationAristotle The Master of those who know The Philosopher The Foal
Aristotle 384-322 The Master of those who know The Philosopher The Foal Pupil of Plato, Preceptor of Alexander 150 books, 1/5 known Stagira 367-347 Academy 347 Atarneus 343-335 Mieza 335-322 Lyceum Chalcis
More informationOriginal works of the great classical. and contemporary philosophers are. used in all courses. Texts are analyzed
175 Humanities Division Faculty Cyrus W. Banning Juan E. Chair, Associate Professor Daniel Kading Ronald E. McLaren Andrew W. Pessin Associate Professor (on leave) Joel F. Associate Professor Yang Assistant
More informationNecessity in Kant; Subjective and Objective
Necessity in Kant; Subjective and Objective DAVID T. LARSON University of Kansas Kant suggests that his contribution to philosophy is analogous to the contribution of Copernicus to astronomy each involves
More information1000 Words is Nothing: The Photographic Present in Relation to Informational Extraction
MIT Student 1000 Words is Nothing: The Photographic Present in Relation to Informational Extraction The moment is a funny thing. It is simultaneously here, gone, and arriving shortly. We all experience
More informationKINDS (NATURAL KINDS VS. HUMAN KINDS)
KINDS (NATURAL KINDS VS. HUMAN KINDS) Both the natural and the social sciences posit taxonomies or classification schemes that divide their objects of study into various categories. Many philosophers hold
More information1. What is Phenomenology?
1. What is Phenomenology? Introduction Course Outline The Phenomenology of Perception Husserl and Phenomenology Merleau-Ponty Neurophenomenology Email: ka519@york.ac.uk Web: http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~ka519
More informationThe Object Oriented Paradigm
The Object Oriented Paradigm By Sinan Si Alhir (October 23, 1998) Updated October 23, 1998 Abstract The object oriented paradigm is a concept centric paradigm encompassing the following pillars (first
More informationVIRTUE ETHICS-ARISTOTLE
Dr. Desh Raj Sirswal Assistant Professor (Philosophy), P.G.Govt. College for Girls, Sector-11, Chandigarh http://drsirswal.webs.com VIRTUE ETHICS-ARISTOTLE INTRODUCTION Ethics as a subject begins with
More informationHumanities 2A: Fall 2015, Lecture Schedule
Humanities 2A: Fall 2015, Lecture Schedule Please note that this schedule is REVISED AS OF 13 August. Students will be notified if changes occur, both in class, and electronically through MySJSU, if needed.
More informationTHE GOLDEN AGE POETRY
THE GOLDEN AGE 5th and 4th Century Greek Culture POETRY Epic poetry, e.g. Homer, Hesiod (Very) long narratives Mythological, heroic or supernatural themes More objective Lyric poetry, e.g. Pindar and Sappho
More informationOntology as a formal one. The language of ontology as the ontology itself: the zero-level language
Ontology as a formal one The language of ontology as the ontology itself: the zero-level language Vasil Penchev Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: Institute for the Study of Societies and Knowledge: Dept of
More informationSpectrum inversion as a challenge to intentionalism
Spectrum inversion as a challenge to intentionalism phil 93515 Jeff Speaks April 18, 2007 1 Traditional cases of spectrum inversion Remember that minimal intentionalism is the claim that any two experiences
More information138 Great Problems in Philosophy and Physics - Solved? Chapter 11. Meaning. This chapter on the web informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/meaning
138 Great Problems in Philosophy and Physics - Solved? This chapter on the web informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/meaning The Problem of The meaning of any word, concept, or object is different for different
More informationThe Philosopher George Berkeley and Trinity College Dublin
The Philosopher George Berkeley and Trinity College Dublin The next hundred years? This Concept Paper makes the case for, provides the background of, and indicates a plan of action for, the continuation
More informationTHE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE: MEANING VARIANCE AND THEORY COMPARISON HOWARD SANKEY *
FORTHCOMING IN LANGUAGE SCIENCES THE LANGUAGE OF SCIENCE: MEANING VARIANCE AND THEORY COMPARISON HOWARD SANKEY * ABSTRACT: The paper gives an overview of key themes of twentieth century philosophical treatment
More information