CURSO PROPEDÉUTICO 2018

Transcription

1 FACULTAD DE CONTADURÍA, ADMINISTRACIÓN E INFORMÁTICA Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, C.P Tel. (777) y Ext.3148 CURSO PROPEDÉUTICO 2018 INGLÉS ELABORADO POR: L.E.I. CINTHYA E. MARTÍNEZ ZERMEÑO L.I. MARIBEL GUTIÉRREZ MENDOZA C.P. GUSTAVO ENRIQUE DIAZ DISCIPLINA JAUREGUI

2 PROGRAMA PROPUESTO POR LA ACADEMIA DE INGLÈS PARA EL CURSO DE NIVELACIÓN 2018 Número de horas: 5 horas aplicables para todas las áreas específicas existentes en la FCAeI. 1. Present Simple (2 horas) 2. Present Continuous (1 horas) 3. Past Simple (2 horas) 4. Irregular Verbs List

3 PRESENT SIMPLE

4 The Present Simple Tense (also called the simple present tense) Simple present tense with 'be' The verb 'be' is different from the other verbs in this tense. Let's look at 'be' first: Here's the positive form (positive means a normal sentence, not a negative or a question. This is sometimes called 'affirmative') Positive I am you are he is she is it is we are they are Positive Short Form I'm you're he's she's it's we're they're Next, here's the negative. It's very easy. You only add 'not'. Negative I am not you are not he is not she is not it is not we are not they are not Negative short form I'm not you aren't he isn't she isn't it isn't we aren't they aren't

5 And finally let's talk about the question form of the present simple with 'be'. Firstly, here's the 'yes / no' question form: Yes / No Questions am I? are you? is he? is she? is it? are we? are they? If you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front: Wh Questions where am I? what are you? why is he? who is she? when are we? how are they? Present simple tense with other verbs With all other verbs, we make the present simple in the same way. The positive is really easy. It's just the verb with an extra 's' if the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'. Let's take the verb 'play' as an example:

6 Positive (of 'play') I play you play he plays she plays it plays we play they play Don't forget the 's'! Even really advanced students do this! For a few verbs, there is a spelling change before the 's'. For example, 'study' becomes 'studies'. * There are also few verbs which are irregular in the present simple: 1. 'have' becomes 'has' 2. 'do' becomes 'does' 3. 'go' becomes 'goes' *Present Simple Spelling Changes Some verbs have present simple spelling changes with 'he', 'she' or 'it': Verbs that end in 'y': Verbs that end in 'y' often change 'y' to 'ie' before 's': study becomes studies try becomes tries marry becomes marries fly becomes flies cry becomes cries (Be careful! 'y' doesn't change to 'ie' if the ending is 'ay', 'ey', 'oy', 'uy'. So, play becomes plays, say becomes says, buy becomes buys, enjoy becomes enjoys, stay becomes stays) Verbs that end in 's', 'sh', 'ch', or 'x': Verbs that end in 's', 'sh', 'ch' or 'x' often add 'e' before 's': pass becomes passes wash becomes washes teach becomes teaches

7 To make the negative form, you need to use 'do not' (don't) or ' does not' (doesn't). Negative (of 'play') I do not play you do not play he does not play she does not play it does not play we do not play they do not play I don't play you don't play he doesn't play she doesn't play it doesn't play we don't play they don't play How about the question form of the present simple tense? We use 'do' or 'does' before the subject to make the 'yes / no' question: Yes / No questions do I play? do you play? does he play? does she play? does it play? do we play? do they play? Just like with 'be', if you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front: Wh Questions where do I play? what do you play? why does he play? who does she play? when do we play? how do they play?

8 Present Uses 1: We use the present simple when something is generally or always true. People need food. It snows in winter here. Two and two make four. 2: Similarly, we need to use this tense for a situation that we think is more or less permanent. Where do you live? She works in a bank. I don't like mushrooms. 3: The next use is for habits or things that we do regularly. We often use adverbs of frequency (such as 'often', 'always' and 'sometimes') in this case, as well as expressions like 'every Sunday' or 'twice a month'. Do you smoke? I play tennis every Tuesday. I don't travel very often. 4: We can also use the present simple for short actions that are happening now. The actions are so short that they are finished almost as soon as you've said the sentence. This is often used with sports commentary. He takes the ball, he runs down the wing, and he scores! 5: We use the present simple to talk about the future when we are discussing a timetable or a fixed plan. Usually, the timetable is fixed by an organisation, not by us. School begins at nine tomorrow. What time does the film start? The plane doesn't arrive at seven. It arrives at seven thirty. 6: We also use the present simple to talk about the future after words like ' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as'. These are sometimes called subordinate clauses of time. I will call you when I have time. (Not 'will have'.) I won't go out until it stops raining. I'm going to make dinner after I watch the news.

9 Exercises: Make positive present simple sentences: Use the present simple affirmative 1. I (go) shopping with my brother. 2. We sometimes (use) a dictionary in class. 3. My friends (study) Italian at their school. 4. School (finish) at three o clock. 5. You (live) near me. Write the sentences in negative. 1. I study French. 2. School finishes at two o clock. 3. You copy from other students. 4. We think English is easy. 5. My friends play volleyball. Complete the sentences with do / don t / does / doesn t. 1. you like Maths? Yes, I. 2. Sally like reading? Yes, she. 3. Mathew play handball every Saturday? No, he. 4. Jane and Mary go to the cinema on Sunday? No, they. 5. you like writing letters? No, I. 6. Angela get up late? No, she. 7. we spend the afternoon together? Yes, we. 8. Paul like skate-boarding? No, he. 9. the cat like lying in the sun? Yes, it. 10. they speak German? No, they. Complete the sentences using the following verbs: cause(s) connect(s) drink(s) Live(s) open(s) speak(s) take(s) 1 Tanya German very well. 2 I don't often coffee. 3 The swimming pool at 7.30 every morning. 4 Bad driving many accidents. 5 My parents in a very small flat. 6 The Olympic Games place every four years. 7 The Panama Canal the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

10 Put the verb into the correct form. 1 Julie (not I drink) tea very often. 2 What time (the banks I close) here? 3 I've got a car, but I (not I use) it much. 4 'Where (Ricardo I come) from?' 'From Cuba.' 5 'What (you I do)?' I m an electrician.' 6 lt (take) me an hour to get to work. How long (it I take) you? 7 Look at this sentence. What (this word I mean)? 8 David isn't very fit. He (not I do) any sport. Write the correct form of the verb using present simple. 1) The plane (take) off. 2) He (get) a taxi to the airport. 3) He (go) to the restaurant. 4) He (board) his flight to Mexico city. 5) They (play) football on Sunday. Identify and mark the verbs given in present simple tense. Ten Easy Ways to Make Friends It s hard to make friends if you stay home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with other people. Join a club or play a sport. Attend meetings of neighborhood associations or other groups. It s easier to make friends when you have a similar interest. Learn from people at the school or work who seem to have lot of friends. Observe how they make and keep friends. Don t imitate all of the things they do, but try to notice what they do. Then try some of those things yourself. Don t be afraid to show people what you re really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. Don t hide your strong points. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you. Plan things to talk about with people. Find out what s in the newspaper headlines, listen to the top CDs, and learn about what s new with your favorite TV or movie star. The more you have to say, the more people will be interested in having a conversation with you. Look people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they ll find it easier to talk to you. It s very difficult to have a conversation with people whose eyes are looking to left, to right, at the floor anywhere but in the other person s place. People may think you re not interested in them and may stop being interested in you.

11 PRESENT CONTINUOUS

12 The Present Continuous Tense (also called the Present Progressive Tense) The present continuous (sometimes called the present progressive) tense in English is really easy to make and is the same for all verbs. We make it using the present simple of 'be' + verb-ing: Here is how we make the positive: Positive I am sleeping you are sleeping he is sleeping she is sleeping it is sleeping we are sleeping they are sleeping Positive Short Form I'm sleeping you're sleeping he's sleeping she's sleeping it's sleeping we're sleeping they're sleeping We can make the negative by adding 'not': Negative I am not sleeping you are not playing he is not reading she is not working it is not raining we are not cooking they are not listening Negative Short Form I'm not sleeping you aren't playing he isn't reading she isn't working it isn't raining we aren't cooking they aren't listening Questions are also really, really easy. Just like we made the question with 'be' in the present simple, here we also put 'am', 'is', or 'are' before the subject to make a 'yes / no' question: Yes / No Questions am I eating chocolate? are you studying now?

13 is he working? is she doing her homework? is it raining? are we meeting at six? are they coming? For 'wh' questions, just put the question word at the front: Wh Questions Why am I eating chocolate? What are you studying now? When is he working? What is she doing? Why is it raining? Who are we meeting? How are they travelling? Present Uses 1: First, we use the present continuous for things that are happening at the moment of speaking. These things usually last for quite a short time and they are not finished when we are talking about them. I'm working at the moment. Please call back as we are eating dinner now. Julie is sleeping. 2: We can also use this tense for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment. John's working in a bar until he finds a job in his field. (He might not be working now.) I'm reading a really great book. She's staying with her friend for a week. Compare this with the present simple, which is used for permanent situations that we feel will continue for a long time. I work in a school. (I think this is a permanent situation.) I'm working in a school. (I think this is a temporary situation.)

14 3: We can use the present continuous for temporary or new habits (for normal habits that continue for a long time, we use the present simple). We often use this with expressions like 'these days' or 'at the moment'. He's eating a lot these days. She's swimming every morning (she didn't use to do this). You're smoking too much. 4: Another present continuous use is for habits that are not regular, but that happen very often. In this case we usually use an adverb like 'always', 'forever' or 'constantly'. Often, we use the present continuous in this way to talk about an annoying habit. You're forever losing your keys! She's constantly missing the train. Lucy's always smiling! Future Uses 5: The next use is for definite future arrangements (with a future time word). In this case we have already made a plan and we are pretty sure that the event will happen in the future. I'm meeting my father tomorrow. We're going to the beach at the weekend. I'm leaving at three. We can't use this tense (or any other continuous tense) with stative verbs*. *We use continuous forms for actions and happenings that have started but not finished (they are eating I it is raining etc.). Some verbs (for example, know and Like) are not normally used in this way. We don't say 'I am knowing' or 'they are liking'; we say 'I know', 'they like'. The following verbs are not normally used in the present continuous: Like want need prefer know realise suppose mean understand believe belong fit contain consist seem Think remember I'm hungry. I want something to eat. (not I'm wanting) Do you understand what I mean? When think means 'believe' or 'have an opinion', we do not use the continuous: I think Mary is Canadian, but I'm not sure. (not I'm thinking) What do you think of my plan? (=What is your opinion?)

15 When think means 'consider', the continuous is possible: I'm thinking about what happened. I often think about it. Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. (=she is considering it) Exercises: Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. 1 Are you hungry? (you I want) something to eat? 2 Don't put the dictionary away (I I use) it. 3 Don't put the dictionary away. (I I need) it. 4 Who is that man? What (he I want)? 5 Who is that man? Why (he I look) at us? 6 Alan says he's 80 years old, but nobody (believe) him. 7 She told me her name, but (I I not I remember) it now. 8 (I I think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it? 9 (I I think) you should sell your car. (you I not I use) it very often. 10 Air (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Make the present continuous: 1. (she / go home now) 2. (I / read a great book) 3. (she / not / wash her hair) 4. (the cat / chase mice?) 5. (she / cry?) 6. (he / not / study Latin) 7. (we / drive to London?) 8. (they / watch TV? ) 9. (where / she / go now?) 10. (I / not / leave now)

16 Write the verbs in the correct present continuous form. 1. I (watch) a reality show on TV. 2. My favorite team (win)! 3. Someone (swim) in the sea. 4. Two people (cook) dinner on the beach. 5. We (not watch) a soap opera. 6. I (not do) my homework. 7. Mum (read) a magazine. 8. My brother (not listen) to the radio. 9. Dad (not cook) dinner. 10. Tara (talk) by phone. 11. Joe (play) on the computer. 12. Who (watch) TV? 13. Tina (do) grammar exercises. 14. I (eat) a pizza. 15. We (sit) in the classroom. 16. I (not write) an Amy (not go) to school today. 18. We (not have) fun today. 19. My team (not win) the match. 20. My parents (drive) to work now. 21. they (read) magazines? 22. you (learn) English? Yes I am. 23. Helen (write) a letter? No, she isn t. 24. Sarah (play) the guitar? Yes, she is. 25. We (not play) basketball. 26. I (learn) how to swim. 27. I (eat) my lunch. 28. I (watch) television. 29. She (read) a book. 30. Dad (bake) a cake. Add the ing. 1. camp 2. swim 3. travel 4. walk 5. have 6. write 7. cook 8. shop

17 PAST SIMPLE

18 The Past Simple Tense (also called the simple past tense) It's similar to the present simple because it has different rules for the verb 'be', which becomes 'was' or 'were': The Past Simple with 'be' Here's how to make the positive: Positive with 'be' I was cold you were tired he was in the garden she was late it was sunny we were on holiday they were hungry To make the negative with 'be', just add 'not': Negative with 'be' I was not sleepy you were not on the bus he was not at school she was not beautiful it was not cold we were not at work they were not tired Negative Short Form I wasn't sleepy you weren't on the bus he wasn't at school she wasn't beautiful it wasn't cold we weren't at work they weren't tired To make a question, just like the present simple, we change the position of 'was / were' and the subject. Here are the past simple 'yes / no' questions with 'be':

19 'Yes / No' Questions with 'Be' was I sleepy? were you late? was he at the cinema? was she kind? was it hot? were we hungry? were they at work? And the 'wh' questions with 'be' (the question word just goes at the beginning, everything else is the same): 'Wh' Questions with 'Be' why was I sleepy? where were you? when was he at the cinema? how was she? how was it? why were we hungry? when were they at work? The Past Simple (Simple Past) with Other Verbs We make the past simple just like the present simple except we use 'did' instead of 'do / does'. It's really easy because 'did' doesn't change, even with 'he / she / it'. The positive: We usually make the positive by adding '-ed' to the infinitive. For example, 'play' becomes 'played'. However, there are some irregular verbs, for example 'go' becomes 'went' and 'run' becomes 'ran'.

20 Positive with Other Verbs I walked (regular) you played (regular) he cooked (regular) she listened (regular) it rained (regular) we ate (irregular) they drank (irregular) In the negative there aren't any irregular verbs. All verbs use 'did not (didn't) + infinitive': Negative I did not walk you did not play he did not cook she did not listen it did not rain we did not eat they did not drink Negative Short Form I didn't walk you didn't play he didn't cook she didn't listen it didn't rain we didn't eat they didn't drink Questions are also very easy. Just put 'did' before the subject, and the infinitive after it. Here are the 'yes / no' questions: 'Yes / No' Questions did I walk? did you play? did he cook? did she listen? did it rain? did we eat? did they drink?

21 To make a 'wh' question, of course, put the question word at the beginning of the sentence: 'Wh' Questions where did I go? what did you play? what did he cook? why did she listen? when did it rain? where did we eat? how did they travel? Past Uses This is the basic past tense. We use it whenever we want to talk about the past and we don't have any special situation that means we should use the past perfect, present perfect or past continuous. Finished actions, states or habits in the past. 1: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we have a finished time word (yesterday, last week, at 2 o'clock, in 2003). I went to the cinema yesterday. We spent a lot of time Japan in : We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we know from general knowledge that the time period has finished. This includes when the person we are talking about is dead. Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa. The Vikings invaded Britain. 3: We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past that we have introduced with the present perfect or another tense. This is sometimes called 'details of news'. I've hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was painting my bedroom. I've been on holiday. I went to Spain and Portugal. 4: For stories or lists of events, we often use the past simple for the actions in the story and the past continuous for the background. He went to a café. People were chatting and music was playing. He sat down and ordered a coffee.

22 Exercises: Fill in the blanks. Use WAS / WERE: 1. Mary and Susan were ill yesterday. 2. The weather.. very hot last Saturday. 3. The students.. at the theater last night. 4. Betty.. in Germany last summer. 5. My brother and I.. at the football stadium on Saturday. 6.. it cold yesterday? Put these sentences into the PAST. Use past form of verb TO BE : T O D A Y Y E S T E R D A Y Example: I m at home... I was at home.. 1. Jane and Michael are tired.. 2. She s in the park.. 3. It s a sunny day.. 4. You re late.. 5. They aren t hungry.. 6. We aren t at work.. 7. I m thirsty.. 8. You aren t at school.. 9. We re at the cinema.. 10.Paula isn t happy. 11.Everyone is excited. 12.I m not afraid Choose WAS or WERE and circle it: 1. He was / were a policeman. 2. We was / were very happy. 3. Was / Were you happy? 4. They wasn t / weren t interested in. 5. I was / were at school.

23 6. It wasn t / weren t expensive. 7. Was / Were she your teacher? Fill in the blanks using WAS (NOT) / WERE (NOT): 1. I m here today but I. wasn t here yesterday. 2. Jennifer is tall now but she.. tall two years ago. 3. It is rainy today but it yesterday. 4. Mr. Smith is angry now but he an hour ago. 5. The shops are open today but they.. on Sunday. 6. My car is clean today but it yesterday. 7. My father isn t at home now but he.. an hour ago. 8. The students are in class today but they.. last week. 9. It isn t sunny now but it. an hour ago. 10. We aren t hungry now but we twenty minutes ago. Fill in the blanks with a verb from the box in the SIMPLE PAST: break swim have make sit write buy drink spend lose bake 1. She.. a cake an hour ago. 2. She.. a hat last week. 3. The boy.. a letter yesterday. 4. They. in the sea for an hour. 5. They.. a lot of Coke last night. 6. She her arm last week. 7. He. all his money last week. 8. She a bath two minutes ago. 9. He. his wallet last night. 10. She.. on the old chair a minute ago. 11. She.. the clothes yesterday. Fill in the blanks with the SIMPLE PAST of the verbs in brackets: Last Saturday my father. took. (take) my friends and me to the circus. We..(see) lots of things. My father. (buy) us some popcorn and orange juice. We. (eat) the popcorn and (drink) the orange juice. We.. (laugh)

24 at the funny clowns. There. (be) a lion-tamer. The lions (do) tricks; they (jump) through hoops. A girl. (ride) an elephant around the ring. We all (have) a wonderful time. Write what Jean DID or DIDN T do yesterday: go shopping ( - ) clean the house ( + ) feed the cat ( + ) telephone Mary ( - ) watch a film on TV ( - ) visit her grandparents ( + ) take them a cake ( + ) Jean didn t go shopping yesterday... Fill in the blanks with the PAST form of the verbs: Benjamin Franklin was born.. (be born) in Boston in He (be) the fifteenth of the seventeen children of a poor candlemaker. He (go ) to school only one year. He (begin) to work when he was twelve. At the age of fourteen he (decide) to be a writer. He. (copy) the great stories of famous writers and later he (become) the best known writer in his time. When he.. (be) seventeen, he (leave) Boston and (arrive) to Philadelphia with only a few pennies in his pocket. He (get) a job as a publisher of a newspaper and. (retire) from business as a very rich man at forty-two. Then he. (spend) the next forty years for his government. He. (play) an important role in the founding of the USA. Franklin (be) also an important scientist and inventor. He. (draw) electricity from a cloud on a kite string. He (write) one of the first text books on electricity. He (invent) a simple lightning rod and many other practical tools. He (make) a study of water and. (discover) many principles of hydrodynamics. He even (invent) bifocal glasses when he was seventy-eight and (need) them himself. Franklin (do) all these things and many more because he. (believe) he (can).

25 Irregular Verbs List

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