Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture Prof. Vatsala Misra Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

Transcription

1 Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture Prof. Vatsala Misra Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur Lecture-08 Kaigi wa roku-ji-han kara desu (The meeting is from 6:30) (Refer Slide Time: 00:17) Hello everyone welcome to the class, are you all ready, well in our previous class we did time and we learnt how to ask time, we learnt how to tell time with that we also did how to tell about your hobby or how to ask someone about their hubby. So today we will do something new, we will continue with time of course but learn new expressions, new time expressions, new vocabulary and lot of other things. (Refer Slide Time: 01:01)

2 But before that we will do assignments that I have given you last time. So let me just go with the assignments, well the simple assignment was for you to work in pairs and practice time, you have clock over here and you can see times also there on the clock. So what you had to do was to ask your partner time and tell time and time is here, written over here you can please practice with your partner to ask time and to tell time. (Refer Slide Time: 01:39) Now this another assignment which I had given you well you can see on your screen the small pictures with hands and you can count the number of fingers there and with that you can add ji and tell time. Now this exercise was basically for you to write in Japanese, for you to write in Kanji characters. So it is written in Roman also and it is written in the character is well. So you can count the number of fingers over here. (Refer Slide Time: 02:26)

3 And you can tell time by adding the counter ji for time, I hope you all did it at home and now you are comfortable with time, well last time we did time as it ichi-ji, ni-ji, san-ji, yo-ji, go-ji, roku-ji, shichi-ji, hachi-ji, ku-ji, ju-ji, ju-ichi-ji, ju-ni-ji, so now today how will you tell other thing that you require for time like minutes, if you want to say one and half hours or you want to say it is 1:30 so today for that you will work over here. (Refer Slide Time: 03:02) Now as you can see on your screen this is written han it is pronounced as han and han means half actually, half now half of what as we are dealing with time half of one hour so half of one hour is 30 minutes, now 30 minutes is han, in Japanese now this han as you can see over here can be added to time like ichi-ji, you can say ichi-ji han meaning 1:30, but you have to remember is that it is ichi-ji han. Ichi-ji han and please remember not ichi han ji, so you have to remember that han has to come after the counter ji, it is listed over here, you can repeat after me it ichi-ji han, ni-ji han, san-ji han, yo-ji han, go-ji han, roku-ji han, shichi-ji han, hachi-ji han, ku-ji han, ju-ji han, juji han, ju-ichi ji han, and ju-ni-ji han. So now you can easily say it is 1:30, it is 2:30, it is 3:30, you can say like this ima ichi ji han desu. (Refer Slide Time: 05:10)

4 Over here it is all in hiragana, so you can practice your hiragana as well, as you can see over here han means half, that refers to 30 minutes when it is added after the time counter ji, ichi ji han means 1:30 or 1 hour and 30 minutes, well you can practice this again with your partner you can show time and then answer ok. (Refer Slide Time: 05:36) So now you can practice han over here with your partner, you can show what time it is and you can also tell after or you could say ima nan ji desu ka, ima ju ni ji han desu, ima nan ji desu ka, ima ichi ji han desu, ima nan ji desu ka, ima ni ji han desu, so you can continue practicing like this with your partner. This will give you practice and this will help you with your words, with vocabulary.

5 You feel more comfortable after you have done this exercise right to the end, give you lot of confidence if your able to speak the word properly clearly and did not understood by the person you are talking to. So please try to do this exercise at home with your partner, well you have said 1:30, you have asked time ima nan ji desu ka ima ima ji ichi ji han desu as it is write here, you have done this one. (Refer Slide Time: 07:06) So now on your screens you can also see that something else is there pun and fun, this means minutes, these are two readings for minutes in Japanese so now how do you practice time, if it is 1:20 what will you say now, you have done (FL) so ichi ji ni ju pun desu, now you have to remember one thing that ju pun can also be written as jipun. So both are used very freely in Japanese over here with this ichi ji ni ju pun or ichi ji whichever I want to say this is pun or fun, ni is added over here and pun and pun is for. (Refer Slide Time: 08:46)

6 For a similar manner you can say ichi ji go hun desu, (FL) also you can add gozen or gogo before time and you will know whether it is AM or PM and you practice like this. Now as you can see the counter for minutes is pun or fun, now you can practice with me how to say (FL) and we can just practice over here right away. So after me you could repeat ip-pun, nifun and (FL) over here is actually how you blow air out. If you cannot say that you can always say (FL) it does not matter, san-pun, yon-pun, go-pun, rop-pun, nana-fun, hap-pun, kyu-fun, jup-pun or jup-pun, ju-go-fun, san-juppun/han as we did a little back, and of course when you have to ask how many minutes you can use the question word nan with pun, so it becomes nan-pun ima nan pun desu ka, (FL) so you can ask any of questions any of these which we have done earlier. (Refer Slide Time: 10:43)

7 Now you have done hiru was you already know is 12 o'clock or noon and (FL) is to relax or (FL) is a holiday vacation relaxing or just a break. So hiru yasumi wa nan ji kara desu ka, hiru yasumi wa nan ji kara desu ka, so you can tell time hiru yasumi wa (FL) kara desu, you can tell time and answer or if you (FL) your lunch break is from 1 o'clock ichi ji kara desu ka. So now for (FL) you can also replace (FL) with a lot of things that you have done earlier like (FL). (Refer Slide Time: 12:10) Of course this pattern we have already done what we need to practice here is minutes, so (FL) and now you can again add (FL) and practice with your partner. So please try practicing minutes, so you have (FL) you have happyo over here, happyo is presentation, happyo wa nan ji kara desu ka, so the answer is already here for you gozen (FL) which is a lecture 1 nan ji ko Jeeva gorgeous of course you can always add go go before 5 as it is not required you could just add gogo in the beginning over here (FL) is it in the afternoon. Then you have gakko and you can practice with your partner the time over here, jugyo which is class, again you can practice whether it is you can use gogo, you can use gozen, anyway you want to say. And then (FL) nanji kara desu ka and then time is given you can ask your partner and practice. (Refer Slide Time: 14:16)

8 Well now there is a small audio for you, just listen to the audio and see how much you can actually understand from there, any new word we will trying to do right away, (FL) ima nan ji desu ka, (FL) han desu, annoo nihongo kurasu wa (FL) kara desu ne, llie chigaimasu kurasu wa (FL) kara desu, arigatoo gozaimasu. I am sure most of it is understood only 2 new words are there for you. one is ani and the other one is chigaimasu. (Refer Slide Time: 15:16) This is your script go over it, read it you can practice hiragana and kanji like this. (Refer Slide Time: 15:26)

9 Then you have explanation here very simple anywhere you get stuck you can look up the explanation in English and that will help you. (Refer Slide Time: 15:41) You have done one Anoo earlier in your previous class. (Refer Slide Time: 15:48)

10 One of your previous class is which was anoo, anoo means that person or that object over there, well now this is another anoo for you anoo there is a difference in the spelling and of course meaning is well, this anooo as I told you this now is over there and this anoo is an informal way of getting attracting someone's attention or informal way to say please listen please I want your attention. So anoo ima nanji desu ka. As is there in the previous in the audio you heard there is another word chiagaimasu literally means it is different meaning that it is different from what you are saying, I do not mean this it is something different chiagaimasu ima ichi ji desu ka iie chiagaimasu ima ichi han desu, so that is how would use chiagaimasu. (Refer Slide Time: 17:06)

11 Now we have done hiragana syllables earlier, we have done the additional sounds in hiragana earlier. Now these are some new sounds which we have left we go to do this right away. The first one is kya you know that the ya series the hya symbol has only 3 ya yu and yo. (Refer Slide Time: 17:42) In the ya series e is not there and a is not there, so onlu ya yu and yo are there, now we are going to make these additional hiragana with ya, yu and yo, now the first sound that we have is the k sound (FL) so well how will we make this short sound kya, now what happens is ki+ya from here, the k sound ki+ya will make kya, if you do it in hiragana he and ya is there, now as you cannot cut it or reduce it in any manner what is done in roman the e part is removed. And then you put ya over here like jya short sound kya k+ya, now you have to keep one thing in mind that when you put ya over here this is a small ya. And it is on the line, and then only it becomes kya, if it is on the line like this then it is ki and ya it becomes two syllables over here one is short and one is a full syllabus. Now when you look at this, this seems like a full syllabus and this seems like a small sound but just the other way around this is a small sound. And this is a full syllabus kya, you can repeat after me kya kyu kyo, sha shu sho, cha chu cho, mya myu nyo, hya hyu hyo. Well while we needing this now because we will be doing a lot of words with these kind of sounds, one of them you did in your previous slide which was happyo, so the pyo sound is ah quick sound please. (Refer Slide Time: 12:12)

12 Now well what you going to do today we just practiced 30 how to say 30 minutes or han so kaigi wa roku ji han kara desu. (Refer Slide Time: 21:31) Now just listen to the dialogue and let us see how many words you can catch, how much you can understand and of course we will do the explanation later, (FL) now I will read the dialogue but please I will not read the names, this is a dialogue between two people Kim and Mira and I am going to read out aloud to you whatever is new we will do it right away ashita wa kin yobi desu ne, hai so desu Honda sensei no kurasu deus, so ne, sensei no kurasu ea nan ji kara desu ka. Gozen ju ji han kara ju ichi ji han made desu, kurasu wa san gai no kaigi shitsu desu ne, iie 2kai no kaigi shitsu desu, domo. So this is a conversation between Kim and Mira, and Kim

13 wants to know where the classes, what floor is the class. So we will do the lot of new words, lot of time expressions ashita is tomorrow, (FL) is Friday, (FL) you know and ne this is a new particle, so we will do it right now. So now what is the answer Mira gives Mira says hi so desu Honda sensei no kurasu desu, and so this is understood, it is Honda sensei class, so ne is a expression we did, so desu ne, so short form of so desu ne so ne that is right sensei no kurasu wa nan ji kara desu ka, goze ju ji hanm kara ju ichi ji han we did just now han is 30, ju ji han kara ji ichi han made desu, it is from 10:30 to 11:30. Now Kim san wants to know kurasu wa san gai no kaigi shitsu desu ne, (FL) floor of a building, a story so kurasu wa third floor no kaigi shitsu conference room desu ne, iie ni kai second floor no kaigai shitsu desu, which is conference room again desu no, it is on the second floor in the kaigai shitsu, and of course thank you for telling me. (Refer Slide Time: 24:31) So now we practices this, this is an English to English translation is right here, you can go over it. (Refer Slide Time: 24:44)

14 So first of all days of the week well. (Refer Slide Time: 24:49) Getsu yobi, ka yobi, sui yobi, moku yobi, kin yobi, do yobi and nich iyobi. So we have Getsu yobi, ka yobi, sui yobi, moku yobi, kin yobi, do yobi and nich iyobi. So can practice this out aloud later on at home. (Refer Slide Time: 25:59)

15 And of course we did time expressions, we did one time expression just now which was (FL) so the others are well we start with (FL) over here (FL) start with (FL) over here ototoi kino, and ototoi, so you have kyo, ashita, asatte, kino and ototoi, now you can practice these out over here start with ototoi over here ototoi, koni, kyo, ashita, asatte, so these are some new time expressions, some new vocabulary for you to learn. (Refer Slide Time: 27:23) So you can do this, now we have ashita wa kin yobi desu, now what you can do is you have this pattern over here time expressions you already know ashita wa ki yobi desu simple you can tell (FL) tomorrow is Friday or you can also ashita wa getsu yobi desu ka, ashita wa getsu yobi desu ka, your question hi ashita wa getsu yobi desu ka or ashita wa getsu yobi dewa arimasen, any of these you can tell.

16 Of course you practice with this first and then do the (FL) ashita wa moku-yobi desu, ashita wa ka yobi desu, asatte kin yobi desu, kyo wa niche yobi desu, ashita wa niche yobi desu, ashita wa yasumi desu tomorrow is a holiday. So you can practice this please. (Refer Slide Time: 28:56) Now we can do the same exercise with dewa arimasen as I just told you desu or dewa arimasen, we did it in the beginning desu is positive and dewa arimasen is negative for this. So asatte wa kin yobi dewa arimasen, asatte wa sui yobi dewa arimasen, asatte wa do yobi dewa arimasen or asatte wa kin yobi dewa as we did just while back, kyo wa kyo yobi desu ka, so question ashita nichi yobi desu. (Refer Slide Time: 30:13) Asatte niche yobi desu ka or you can also ask ashtawa nan yobi desu ka now it could be question you can answer arimasen. Now we have done desu dewa arimasen, desu is positive

17 and dewa arimasen is negative as you already know, now what is the past, desahita is the pronunciation deshita and the i over here is a little silent deshita and dewa arimasen is from here of course negative and positive deshita. (Refer Slide Time: 31:10) So desu negative dewa arimasen past deshita and past negative is dewa arimasen deshita. So now you can practice kino wa kin yobi deshita yesterday it was Friday ashita wa nan yobi deus ka ashita wa do yobi desu. So you can practice this over here is given, you can do it with your partner. (Refer Slide Time: 31:26) Also previous in a previous lessons we have done A desu ka B desu ka, so instead of A you can have ka yobi, B also you can have one of these kin yobi or do yobi and you can practice

18 ashita wa ka yobi desu ka, kin yobi desu ka, kyo wa ka yobi desu ka, ki yobi desu ka, (FL) you can practice this your partner over this. (Refer Slide Time: 32:16) Now we have done minutes, we have done 1:30, we have done ichi ji niju pun ichi jji han ichi ji san ju pun, ichi ji yon ju pun. (Refer Slide Time: 32:36) Now what about it is 1:45 can also be said as it is (FL) it is very simple nothing much is to be done over here, well 1:45 is (FL) mae means before or earlier, so (FL) would be 1 hour 45 minutes, and (FL) you say the time first (FL) it is 15 minutes to (FL) you can practice over here piano risaitaru wa nan ji made deshita ka, gogo go jig l or roku ji ju go fun mae made deshita, see you have a lot of things undokai is sports meet. (Refer Slide Time: 33:46)

19 Dorama you already know, kurasu and pati you can practice these over here at home. Now there is a new particle which we did particle ne (FL) particular ne also comes (FL) particle ne also come in the end of a sentence and at the end completely and it actually is a confirmation seeker it requires the listener to say something in response to what is being asked, what is being said. So particle ne is a confirmation seeker used to solicit agreement from the listener. And it is equivalent to is not it, right and do not you agree in English and it always comes in the end, it has a rising intonation is well. For example I know that all are students, but still I just want to confirm I need someone outside and I might have forgotten and I say (FL) so the international you can see is rising and it means and you are student or ima ahh (FL) is is not it 1 o; clock now, so that is how ne is to be pronounced or used. (Refer Slide Time: 35:10)

20 Now in the conversation we also had kai or another reading for kai is gai, this is a counter used for counting floors in a building or to count stories of a building. This is a suffix and has two readings of I just told you (FL) how many floors are there. (Refer Slide Time: 35:40) You can practice kai with now kai or gai and see how it is different where it is, where gai is to be used in kai ik kai, ni-kai, san-gai, san-gai means the third floor, and you will see kai changes to gai, well you have seen the same change in (FL) so generally the number 3 changes with the counter, you will notice it later on also, so keep it in mind, yon-kai, go-kai, rok-kai, nan-kai, hak-kai, kyu-kai, juk-kai. Now you will see the one written in purple are a little different how are they different, when gai is you just understood, ik kai over here is a quick sound, it is a short sound in a similar manner rok-kai and have kai are also short sound and kyu over here kyu kai it is not ku kai which is ku it is ku kai, so these are different again juk-kai over here is a short sound. So you have exceptions in purple, try to remember the exceptions say out loud,speak out aloud. Practice loudly and it will help, you memorize and then in the end we have ju-ik-kai which is very very easy 10+1 ju-ik-kai, so it was like this (FL) so you can practice memorize. So this is floors and a building for you which is kai and gai, you can practice (FL) so these you can practice at homework and you can answer a very very simple questions. (Refer Slide Time: 38:42)

21 Now as we always do will do some new kanji characters also today, kanjis as I told you earlier also are pictograms and ideograms where a certain ideas depicted in pictures and shown by lines basically straight lines. So these lines are drawn from left to right and from top to bottom always ending on the right corner of the block over here. Now kanji can be kanji has (FL) it can be it is complicated also, one character can have 2, 3 kanji characters. (Refer Slide Time: 39:46) A combination of kanji characters and then it can be written, so over here in the first character that we have you will see that this character you have done earlier this means it if you remember we did this character hachi and now when you put this over here it means pun, pun means minutes. So this character together means minute, now how has it come into being well hachi as I told you earlier is like this all the four fingers like this.

22 This means to divide to separate and with what do you separate well the basic thing you separate anything with or cut into anything with is a knife. So this has come into being this character has come into being with basic meaning is separate and from knife you cut it with knife is separate. So this is pun, now this is a 4 stroke character for you over here 1, 2, 3 and 4 you mean pun. The next character that we have here is han han. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, so basically you cut a board into two half pieces like this is a and you cut it into 2, you once again for you 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 han, how many strokes are there in this character please can someone tell well, we count once again 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. So we have 5 strokes on this character. Now the next one is now we will do the days of the week. (Refer Slide Time: 42:43) You have done the days of the week you know the word, now we are going to do it you know how to pronounce it. Now we will do the kanji character for it, you can see on your screens over here, monitors that (FL) you did this character you remember this character this is sun niche, it is like this divide into day and night. So well with the moon what happens is the moon expands and increases and decreases waxing and waning of the moon is there. For there because it is open it is not closed leave this space open and make (FL) like this meaning moon (FL) basic meaning is moon like this 1,2 and 3 and 4. So this means also month, associated meaning is month, basic meaning is moon, similar to this only it is open because waxing meaning of the moon. (Refer Slide Time: 43:40)

23 Now the next character you can see is hi, hi is written over here which means fire which is (FL) as you did. (Refer Slide Time: 43:53) Kayobi is a fire is actually made like this, like this and with the flames over here like this something somewhat, so well the character for it is 1, 2, this character also you have done earlier, this is hito, this character is hito in your version and if you add flames to it well it becomes hi which is 5, so whenever you see this character this character then it will immediately you will understand that it is something to do with fire. Anything anywhere where fore is required for example of fire engine or forest fire or a burn every time this character will be written. Now the next one is mizu, mizu means water as you can see well water flows like this I am sure whenever you see these lines anywhere

24 immediately water comes to your mind. So you turn it by 90 degrees 1, 1, 3, 3 and 4 like this. So this is how it is made turn this 90 degrees and 1, 2, 3, and 4. It is a 4 stroke character as is he, he is also 4 stroke characters, this is also four-stroke character basic meaning is mizu which is water and associated meanings are lots but for the time being we are just going to do this reading mizu, you, you is day as in (FL) character but is made out of three, four characters now you will see this character you have done niche which means day. (Refer Slide Time: 46:25) Now this character this over here means wings of a bird and this means a bird itself a fat bird. So you is a complicated character of about 18 strokes I will do it once again and 18 in all its and 18 stroke character wherever the sun goes from flies from this place to this place on the wings of a fat bird, that is how you have come into being and you can see once again for you. Of course you do not have to remember the character at all, you do not have to write it down this is a difficult character concentrate only on the simple ones on the book, well now we have also ima, ima nanji desu ka, so the character for ima now like this simple 1, 2, 3, and 4 this is the first four character ima now, you know some of the kanjis that we are doing here in class (FL). (Refer Slide Time: 48:16)

25 Now some words with kanji characters first character that we did was pun so bubun, you can say is portion, these are just characters new vocabulary for you, just for you to remember this we will use these words later on that you need to know them now. Jibun the meanings are given, so hanbun is half of anything half portion of something is humble, hantoshi is half year or 6 months, hi-nichi is date, and day, ichi-nichi is day is one day, ni-san-nichi is 2/3 days. (Refer Slide Time: 49:22) Then some more words ichigatsu, hitotsuki, kazan, hi, hanabi, mizu, suiei suido. So these are some new words for you. (Refer Slide Time: 49:51)

26 Whatever vocabulary we did is right here undokai, you can repeat after me undokai, bangohan, juku, kyo-shitsu, kaigai-shitsu, heya, takyu, jugyo, so these these are some new words, new vocabulary. (Refer Slide Time: 50:40) Now is the tough part you have your assignments now. (Refer Slide Time: 50:46)

27 You have to do those at home, please practice with your partner saying gozen and gogo here as is listed you can practice this. (Refer Slide Time: 50:59) Then you have the calendar, you can practice on the calendar point and say (FL) so you could practice past and present tense as well, you could practice all the time expressions, you could practice your days of the week and how to use them. (Refer Slide Time: 51:41)

28 Now these are some pictures for you and you have to write the Kanji for these characters. Kanjis are important because Japanese cannot be written only in hiragana, katakana or Kanji. All three scripts are done simultaneously, so please we need to learn Kanji as well it is an important part integral part of the language and why we cannot write Japanese in one script only. (Refer Slide Time: 52:12) Well this is another one just write the readings for the Kanji characters here. (Refer Slide Time: 52:21)

29 Now in the end we have match group A with group B and make proper sentences. (Refer Slide Time: 52:30) I think we have done quite a bit for today, lot of things we have learnt, a lot of new expressions, lot of new words vocabulary, also the past in the present forms we have done for verbs a little bit. So we will end here, I will finish over here for you today, let us meet again tomorrow, (FL). (Refer Slide Time: 52:56)

30 Arigatou gozaimasu Thank you.