Persons: Child. Places: City. Things: Umbrella. Ideas: Truth

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1 NOUNS A noun is a word we use to name a person, a place, a thing or an idea. Examples: - Peter works in an office. - The enterprise is in Canada. - The warehouse needs more lamps. - Honesty wins respect from friends. We can find one or several nouns in one sentence. Exercise 1: In each line add three nouns that name persons, places, things or ideas as indicated by the examples. Persons: Child Places: City Things: Umbrella Ideas: Truth Exercise 2: Fill the blanks in the following sentences with nouns that make good sense. Do not use any noun twice. 1- My is painted red and green. 2- Marion likes better than. 3- Geoffrey stood on a to hang the. 4- and are both in South America. 5- She made with her new. 6- Kay bought a silver instead of a. 7- We use the to go to. Exercise 3: Read the first paragraph of the article Steve Jobs and underline all the nouns you can find. Entrepreneurs can go through long periods of bad luck and fall on hard times. Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, is one of these people. Since enjoying tremendous success in the 1980s he spent eleven years of humiliating failure. 1

2 Reading: Steve Jobs Exercise 1: Before you read the text look at the pictures in the article and discuss in teams what you know about Steve Jobs and the companies Apple, Next and Pixar Write your ideas in Spanish in the lines below. Now read the text and answer the questions above. Use a dictionary if necessary. Glossary: Shareholders = Accionistas Shares = Acciones Bleeding cash fast = Gastar dinero rápido Deafening = Ensordecedor STEVE JOBS Entrepreneurs can go through long periods of bad luck and fall on hard times. Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, is one of these people. Since enjoying tremendous success in the 1980s he spent eleven years of humiliating failure. After he was sacked by Apple, he lost millions of dollars selling his shares at the wrong time. His two business, Next (a computer firm) and Pixar (a computer animation company), were rapidly going bankrupt. Next had spent $180 million of its shareholders money and had nothing to show for it. Pixar Animation Inc. was also bleeding cash fast. For five years, the criticism from the business press was universal and deafening. Magazines such as Fortune and Business Week were all mocking him. Then a writer called Randall Stross published a book called Steve Jobs and the Next Big thing which accused him, among other things, of fostering false optimism on success that did not exist and having no financial Known-how. It was a humiliating attack. But it is true that Jobs was still losing money. In the early 1990s he was going bankrupt at an alarming rate. By 1995 he had lost $200 million out of a fortune of $300 million. Now all that is behind him. Pixar now makes animated movies in partnership with Disney. Toy Story was the third highest earning animation of all time and launch of the imac was a huge success. We haven t heard the last of Mr. Jobs. 2

3 Exercise 2: Answer (T) for true and (F) for false. 1- Stevens Joe is a businessman who experienced misfortune. 2- The Apple Company fired him. 3- He was blamed of boosting fake hopefulness. 4- He had lost two thirds of his money by the early 1990s. 5- He lost his company called Pixar because of the bankrupt he experienced. PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word we use in place of a noun. Example: - How did Joana know that Peter had been offered a job? - How did she know that he had been offered a job? Notice how she replaces Joana, and he replaces Peter in the second sentence. We have different pronouns, object, subject, reflexive, possessive or indefinite. Object and Subject pronouns Subject Pronouns (replace who does the action) Object pronouns (replace who receives the action) Study these examples: - Tom gave the report. I Me Subject Object Singular pronouns He Him He gave it. We can have two or more pronouns in one sentence. She Her - Tom gave the report to the secretary. It It He gave it to her. We Us Plural pronouns they Them Exercise 3: Now go back to the text Steve Jobs on pg. 5 and circle all the underline all the object pronouns you can find. 3 subject and

4 Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences using subject and object pronouns instead of the underlined words. 0- John and I saw Peter yesterday. He bought John and me a cup of coffee. We saw peter yesterday. He bought us a cup of coffee. 1- David and Mike are arriving today. I m meeting David and Mike at the station. 2- I m looking for Mary. Have you seen Mary? Mary isn t at the office. 3- I am meeting Steve tomorrow. Steve and I are playing golf. Do you like golf? 4- George and Jane are meeting Paul today. Paul is having lunch with George and Jane. 5- There s jack! Jack has got a heavy suitcase. Shall we help Jack? Be careful! We use the object pronouns when the subject is different to the object. - Juan talked to Rose = He talked to her. The subject is different to the object. But when the subject is the same as the object we do NOT use object pronouns. We use Reflexive Pronouns. - Juan Talked to Juan = He talked to himself... The subject is the same to the abject. The reflexive pronouns are: Myself rself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves rselves Themselves Possessive pronouns The possessive pronouns, as the name says, express possession. We have two different ways to talk about possession. Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns Study these examples: My r His Her Its Our r Their Mine rs His Hers Its Ours rs Theirs - That is my book = that is mine - Where is your car? = Where is yours? We use my, your etc. + a noun We use mine, yours etc. instead of my book your keys etc. 4

5 Exercise 5: Put the correct possessive pronoun in the gaps. 0- This car belongs to me. This is my car. It s mine. 1- This key belongs to her. This is key. This is. 2- The boat belongs to them. This is boat. It s. 3- Those coats belong to us. Those are coats. They are. 4- That watch belongs to him. That s watch. It s. 5- Those papers belong to you. These are papers. They re. Exercise 6: Now go back to the text Steve Jobs on pg. 5 and draw can find. Note: These words are also used as pronouns: (anybody, both, either, nobody, none, one, several, someone, others) box a in all the possessive pronouns you 5