9.1 Conditional patterns

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1 9 Conditional patterns Stop & check These sentences all contain a common error Correct the part of each sentence that is incorrect If I'd saved my money last year, I am able to afford it If I could play better, I win more matches If I left my house earlier yesterday, I would have got there on time If I'd seen him there, I had said hello to him 5 If I'll see Iack at college tomorrow I' ask him what his plans are 6 If I'd been thinking more carefully, I didnt make that mistake Use Example ff+ present simple clause, + will lgoing fo clause the first conditional for real possibilities = f + possibility in the future + result in the future - + possibility in the present + result in the future I have enough money next year, l'll buy a house now, you won't be late you leave if + past simple clause, + would clause the second conditional for unreal situattons = if+ Something untrue in the present + impossible result in the present or future = + something unlikely in the future + unlikely result in the future were can be used instead of was 6+ past perfect clause, + would have done clause the third conditionaor past possibilities = + something that didn't happen in the past + result that didn't happen in the past I knew the answer, l'd ll would tell you (= don't know the answer so I can't tell you)! won the lottery, t'd give up work (= I probably won't win the lottery so I won't give up work) I were rich, l'd buy you a new car they'd invited me, I would have gone to the party (= they didn't invite me so I didn't go to the party) Use if + past perfect clause, + would clause a mixed conditional = if + something that didn't happen in the past + present result that isn't true in the ) you hadn't stayed out late last night, you wouldn't be tìred now (= you did stay out late last night so you are tired now) note all of the above patterns can be used with continuous tenses: I find something better to do, I won't be working here this time next year you're getting bored, I'll change the subiect the weather was better I'd be feeling happier tf I was earning more money, t'd be abte to have a holiday this summer I wasn't working tomorrow, I'd go out tonight you'd been concentrating, you wouldn't have made that mistake you'd been working as hard as me, you'd be feeling tired now 5 UNIT 9

2 Use might I may in conditional patterns to talk about a result or consequence that is not certain, only a possibility Use mightlmay + infinitive without fo to talk about a result or consequence in the present or future (first conditional) Use mightlmay have + past participle to talk about a result or consequence in the past (third conditional) Use could in conditional patterns to talk about a result or consequence that ts an opportunity or an ability Use could + infinitive without fo to talk about a result or consequence in the present or future (first conditional) Use could have + past participle to talk about a result or consequence in the past (third conditional) Use shou/d in conditional patterns when the result is something that will probably happen use should + infinitive without fo when the result or consequence is a suggestion or piece of advice; use the appropriate form of should when the result or consequence is something that the speaker believes to be a logical explanation; use the appropriate form of should I I have enough money next year; I night lmay buy a house tf you hadn't helped me, t might I may not have succeeded I won the lattery, I could give up work you hadn't helped me, I couldn't have done it" If you leave now, yau shouldn't be late yau wanted fo keep fhrs secref, you shouldn't have told George their plane toak aff on time, it should have arrived by now Rewrite these sentences to form first, second, third or mixed conditionals You're unfit because you don't do enough exercise you I got angry because he was rude to me he I might go to live in Australia but l'll have to find a job fìrst You only know about this because I told you I didn't tell her about it because she didn't ask me she You don't know this programme because you don't watch television a lot you We're not sitting outside because it's raining tf it We're friends agaìn because he apologized to me he You didn't hear what I said because you weren't listening you 0 I'm feeling ill because I ate too much unlt 9 55

3 E ffre following are quotations from interviews in which famous people talk about their lives Rewrite them using first, second, third or mixed conditionals 'l might stop being famous but it won't worry me' 'l'm having a wonderful time because l'm doing a lot of interesting things, I a 'l'm rich and famous because the public like me' the public 'l became extremely famous because I was lucky' rf t 'People go to see my films because they're entertaining' my films 'l only got to the top because I have a lot of talent' 'l don't know why my music is so populaq so I can't explain it' tf r 'l might win an award and then l'll be very pleased' 'l'm successful today because I was determined to succeed when I was younge[' 0 l'm not living an ordinary life because l'm working in show business Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets l'd known all the facts, it's possible that I wouldn't have made that decision (may) l'd known all the facts that decision If you gave me a hand, it would be possible for me to do this much more quickly (could) you gave me a hand, much more quickly If you need any advice in the future, it's possible that l'll be able to give you some (might) you need any advice in the future l'd applied earlier; it's possible that I would have got the job (might) l'd applied earlier; Concentrate and you probably won't find this too difficult (shouldn't) this too difficutt I have so much to do that I can't relax (could) the job give you sore He got a green card and that's why he was able to work in the US (couldn't) tf in the US They sent it last week I expected it to be here by now (should) they sent it last week, by now 56 UNIT I

4 *eaxs Match the sentences - from the article with the conditionals a-d Complete the descriptions of the form applicants demonstrate effectively how they perform in the real world, they'll thrive in our kind of environment candidates only applied with a CV and a cover letter, we wouldn't get a full picture We couldn't have don e that, if wed only had application forms Nowadays, if you appl y for a job, you probably submit your application electronically a Zero Conditional: something that is generally true if + Present Simple + b st Conditional: futu re situations or events that are likely if + Present Simple + c nd Conditional: imaginary current situations or future situations that are possible but unlikely if + Past Simple + d rd Conditional: an unreal situation in the past with an imaginary result if+ Past Perfect + Find more examples of conditional sentences in the article Q For more details and practice, go to the Review sectlon on pages 7 and75 PRACTICE Watch the vrdeo for rnore practice Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences If I have to take part in a simulation,i wouldn't I won't do well \f you placed the job advert online, yoa will I would get more applicants If we had used I used an agency, we could have saved a lot of time If people don't I didn't prepare for an interview they generally don t perform very well If I get that job with Loréal, it will I would be amazing We would have learnt more about the candidates, if we had done I did a simulation If Ihear I heard from the agency,i'let you know Would you work for SCB if they offer I ofered you the job? I could apply for jobs while I'm travellin g, rf I had I have a smartphone lob seekers have a better chance ofgetting noticed ifthey use I used a social network site $ +, +È"Ì Listen to a profile of Ry Morgan, a young entrepreneur Make notes on these areas University of St Andrews PleaseCycle internship Listen to the interview with Ry and answer the questions What did Ry think of the application process? How would Ry recruit people himse? What advice does he give undergraduates? ffii-ì alr ltr *r:r"r-:nrar Unit 6 67

5 Complete the sentences from the interview 5 If theyd given me a fixed task to perform, I so lucky If theyd made me fill in an application form in the normal way, here nowl I IfI so ambitious, I wouldnt have taken part in so many extra-curricular activities at universitv If someone onlv their CV or an IQ test score, I wouldnt be able to evaluate their potential I could work abroad, I to visit North America Finish these sentences If I was interviewing someone for my post, If someone famous joined my company, Universit)r undergraduates would have a better chance of getting a good job if they If another company offered me a job with a 0o/obigger salary, If the internet became a pay-per-use service, Companies would find the best kind of people, if they I{I hadn t learnt English, If I could phone anyone in the world, Work in pairs or small groups Make and ask each other questions using the sentences in *' t'i Work in pairs Look at the table and discuss the possible changes both past and future in your careers Examples If I hadnt gone to university, I wouldnt have got such a good job I' work from home, if I ever go freelance move companres do a training course n TASK '::l the instructions and then work in pairs You are an experienced executive who is much in demand Two companies have offered you a job Go to page 8 and decide your strategy Try to Read A B negotiate the best deal You are the HR Manager of a multinational company You want to employ A but there is a limit to what you can offer Read your conditions on page and trv to seal the deal

6 ,à-" --:-,! ii,, I " i : Wr _9"{f;#iV,,r,i',i *,:": -ì r -j,r-",ì: "t Work in pairs or small groups and discuss these questions What motivates people to work abroad? Have you ever considered working abroad? Give reasons r' +J Listen to two people talking about their reasons for moving abroad and make notes below Match -0 with a-j to make noun phrases from the listening earnrng career education economrc 5 first-hand 6 tax 7 quality 8 exciting 9 personal 0 cost a benefits b challenge c climate d development e potential f expeflence g of living h move of life ) system Complete the sentences with the noun phrases from Ed was in his mid-os and wanted an Working in Cambodia offered exactlv that r'm not very conlìdent, so doing a course on presentations skills would be good for my _ The is fantastic in Vancouver - great climate, good jobs, excellent schools In the current, everyone has to be careful about how they spend their money 5 For expats, job packages in the Middle East can incrude attractive 6 Most people find that spending two or three years working abroad is a great Th"y almost always get a better job when they return home 7 The only drawback about taking the job in Malaysia is the It s very different from the system here and our daughter needs to take her exams this vear 8 9 Travelling on your own is the best way of getting ofa country our salaries were pretty low so we decided to work somewhere we had better 0 We worry about the here Things are so much more expensive *r r n Yta:i,r,j; i,nt: -< 69

7 what do you think is the most effective way of looking for a job abroad? Choose from the list below networking - friends, transfer within your colleagues recruitment consultant company headhunter z online search Work in pairs Compare your ideas from tr Read the extract from a Human Resources magazine and answer the questions What are the most successful ways of finding work abroad? Which is the least successful way? How would these results be different in your country? A recent survey asked those already working abroad about how they had secured their position overseas Many workers initially search online, or ask friends some (5%) are directly headhunted by an employer Workers are also equally likely to move abroad through postings within their own company (5%) However, the most popular and successful means of finding a suitable job (6%) ìs increasingly through use of a recruitment consultancy Press advertising is losing popularity with only % of those working abroad flnding jobs through newspapers or specialist magazines, compared to 6% with online advertisrng It is obvious that aspiring international professionals are likely, first of all, to ask around, and do some general internet research; ltofindwork through friends or colleagues However, clearly, if they're serious about taking up the opportunities that await them overseas they need to get serious about what they're doing to make it happen, and take a structured and formalized approach * Living and working in a different country can be quite a challenge Match the stages below with their definition Euphoria Culture shock Adjustment Individuals begin to {ìnd cultural differences frustrating or disorienting At this point, individuals begin to accept, or even Mastery adopt the new culture The 'honeymoon period: the visitor is excited and charmed by the new culture This is a stage of acknowledging the differences of both cultures t;; Listen to Adam and Zein talking about their moves abroad Make short notes for each stage of their life abroad a: J t Read the collocations which stage in * do you think each one belongs to? accept the (local) customs adapt to the new situation deal with problems develop strategies (for coping) 5 look forward to learning new things 6 pose a challenge 7 try one's patience 8 welcome the opportunity (to meet new people) : Have you lived abroad (for work or family reasons)? work in pairs compare any experiences, giving examples rtr

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