1.4 Wrong Usage Of Pronouns:

Transcription

1 1.4 Wrong Usage Of Pronouns: Personal Reflexivel / Emphatic Pronouns Relative Demonstrative P a g e 1

2 1- Personal Pronouns: _ Personal Pronouns usually pose two problems: 1- Pronoun- Antecedent Relation Problems. 2- Pronoun Case Problems. 1.1: Pronoun- Antecedent Relation Problems: 1.1.a.: Pronoun Without Antecedent (Dangling Modifier): Example: (hybernation) _ Chipmunks do actually hybernate, and they prepare for it (?)by storing large amounts of fat in their body systems. 1.1.b: Pronoun- Antecedent Disagreement: Example: (they are) _ There are so many expensive cars on the road, but it is not as luxurios as one another. 1.1.c.: Ambiguous Pronoun Reference: Example: (Maha/ the dentist) (the former/ the latter) _ By the time Maha Got to see her dentist, she (?) was too tired to speak. P a g e 2

3 Exercise 14: 1_ Yesterday, the government announced that they had already surmounted the deficit problem. 2_ Hisham and Salah agreed that they would spend the night studying at his house. 3_ Many a time has Adel attempted to get over his grief, but none of them was successful. P a g e 3

4 1.2: Pronoun Case Problems: 1.2.a: Subjective Pronouns: I he she they we _ This set of pronouns is used to refer to the doer(s) of the action, whether appearing before the verb (subject nominative ) or after the verb (predicate nominative). Examples: My cousin and I _ (Me and my cousin) went shopping for shoes last week, but we were not that lucky. I _ The one who reported you to the police was me. _ Notice the presence of BE before the subjective case which establishes the following pronoun as a predicate nominative. P a g e 4

5 1.2.b: Objective Pronouns: me him her them us _ This set of pronouns is used to refer to the object(s) of the action, whether appearing after an action, transitive verb or a preposition. Examples: me _ Dad allowed my cousin and I to go shopping for shoes last night. me _ Dad gave permission to my sister and I togo shopping for shoes last night. Exercise 15: 1_ I was stunned to learn that Noha was the thief; I would have never suspected it would be her. 2- Between you and I, I never wanted to be friends with that boy. 3_ Me and my friends go to the bowling center every weekend. Correction P a g e 5

6 2- Relative Pronouns: _ Relative Pronouns usually pose two problems: 1- Pronoun- Antecedent Relation Problems. 2- Pronoun Case Problems Pronoun- Antecedent Relation Problems: Who Whom Whose Where When to refer to humns( sing./ plr.) Doer to refer to humans Object to refer to humans& non-humans posessor to refer to place to refer to time Which/ That to refer to non- humans(doers/ objects) Whereby to provide definition/ explanation P a g e 6

7 Examples: h./ Subj. 1- This is the guy ( who/ whom ) bought my old Beamer. h./ obj. 2- This is the guy ( who/ whom ) I persuaded to buy my old Beamer. 2.2_ Pronoun case problems appear with "who"& "whom"/ "whoever"& "whomever" h./ subj. _ Ahmed is the only student ( who/ whom ) (I think) deserves the punishment. h./ subj. _ Give this parcel to [ whoever/ whomever gives you the password]. Object of Preposition h./ obj. _ Give this parcel to [ whoever/ whomever you trust]. Object of Preposition pos. woman son 3- This is the whose got run over. dog puppy pos. P a g e 7

8 place 4- This is the hospital (where/ in which/ which) I was born. Subj. _ This is the hospital (where/ in which/ which) offers discounts to students. Obj. _ This is the hospital (where/ in which/ which) my grandpa built fifty years ago. time 5-6 a.m. is the hour (when/ at which/ which) I wake up for school. Subj. _ 6 a.m. is the hour (when/ at which/ which) reminds me of my daily torture. Obj. _ 6 a.m. is the hour (when/ at which/ which) I hate the most in the day. _ We came to KSA in 2006, (since then/ since which/ since which time), we have lived in Riyadh. P a g e 8

9 _ It was not until I turned 18 (when/ that) my father let me drive his car. Non-human car 6- This is the cat which/ that we bought last week. palm tree _ In the SAT, "that" would NEVER be used to refer to humans. definition 7- Photosynthesis is a process (thereby/ whereby) a green plant absorbs.and releases. _ How to check "which" when preceded by a preposition or a conjunction: Examples: _ The explosion of Challenger II was a national disaster in which seven NASA officials were killed. _ The explosion of Challenger II was a national disaster because of which space travel precautions have become much stricter. [READ THE CLAUSES BACKWARDS] P a g e 9

10 Exercise The interviewer turned down some applicants whom he thought had poorer qualifications than the job required. Correction 2- In a world that the rate of technological advancement has gone so wild, it is so hard to cope with the pace of global change. 3- There was a time for which people respected the law by self- driven motives. 4- Some of the people which I met during my most recent trip to Europe were really educated. 5- A whistleblower is when an employee reports the misconduct of his workmates. 6- Do not tell your secrets to whoever you know. 7- I had not prepared myself for the interview well enough whereby I failed to convince the interviewers of my skills. P a g e 10

11 8- It was not until the 16 th century when Europe started to realize the importance of science. 9- I graduated from college in 1996, since then I have worked as a teacher. 10- The flight attendants that aided the old woman to the lavatory was such a sweet person. P a g e 11