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5 B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY, V. I. ZIMIN, E. Y. SOSENKO ESSENTIAL RUSSIAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY PROGRESS PUBLISHERS Moscow

6 PVCCKO-AHrJlHftCKHfl JIEKCHHECKHfi MHHHMVM ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS BY V. KOROTKY EDITED BY R. DIXON COVER DESIGNED BY B. TRIFONOV

7 FOREWORD This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.) outside Russian linguistic milieu. It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists 01 the commonest Russian words (vocabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words but their uses as well. The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary, semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jno6obi> K poflhhe love for one's country, c^ejiaxt BLIBOA to draw a conclusion, cobepmiitt nocxynok to perform an action, KaK sac 30Byx? What is your name?, Mw onosfla- JIH K na^ajiy cnektakjifl We were late for the performance, etc. A number of words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative expressions containing these words are given, e.g. JlLex KaK 113 Be^pa It is raining cats and dogs, Bcero xopomero All the best, VM xopomo, a flba jiynrae Two heads are better than one, etc. The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words. At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which widen the scope of the vocabulary. It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dictionary will provide the necessary foundation for conversation on various everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often. Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary is based on an exact word count. The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article define them clearly enough. Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the peculiarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. KOH en, gen. -na,end) or genitive plural (e.g. naji Ka, gen. pi. -OK, stick; OKHO, gen. pi. OKOH, window) is supplied. The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full. Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl. All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. BO^a, ace. Bofly, water; CTOJI, gen. cxojia, pi. CTOJILI, table; etc. Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter and plural endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are 1*

8 irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones. Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by the feminine, neuter and plural forms. Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are specially marked, e.g. npoaojiwatbcfl to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no- 6e;jHTL to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (BCSTI! to carry sea, eeajia; BBHTB to take BBHJI, B3HJia). Irregular formations of the imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6iiTh to beat 6en. Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfective verbs only the infinitive is given, with reference to the imperfective for meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms. After the imperfective forms questions are supplied helping to determine the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counterpart in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning. When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective counterpart in one meaning and a different one in another. Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives. Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered as separate words, e.g. ine'ji (from HATH to go), Btinie (from BBICOKHH high), MHC (from H /), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the initial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. JHO^II people, jiynme better, etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their principal forms. Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all. In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically. In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns denoting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural. These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjectives, e.g. $pahqy3 Frenchman, $pahn;yjkehka Frenchwoman; (JjpanijysM the French, (DpanijHH France; ^panuyackhh French. Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given. Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked ['], the secondary p ]. All the words without independent stress should be merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as xak JKC, na CTOJI, He 6bur, ee cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets. The Compilers

9 A a THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET

10 ABBREVIATIONS ace., accusative adj., adjective adv., adverb ant., antonym collog., colloquial comp., comparative conj., conjunction dot., dative /., feminine fig., figurative jut., future gen., genitive imp., imperfective iniper., imperative impers., impersonal indecl., indeclinable inf., infinitive instr., instrumental lit., literal m., masculine n., noun neut., neuter num., numeral p., perfective paren., parenthetic pyrt., participle pers., person philos., philosophy pi., plural poss., possessive pred., predicate predic., predicative prep., preposition prepos., prepositional pron., pronoun q. v., which see sing., singular superl., superlative usu., usually

11 A, a A conj. and H ynycb B yhhbepchxexe, a He B HHcxnxyxe. / study at a university, and not at an institute. Mbi Hsy^aeM pycckhh H3LIK, a OHH ahrjiplhckhh. We study Russian and they, English. ABryCT m., no pi. August CeroflHH flecfixoe asrycxa. Today is the tenth of August. H npiiexan B asrycxe. / came in August, fl npnexa;i AecHxoro asrycxa. / came on the tenth of August. ABTOBYC m. bus Exaxb na abx66yce. To go by bus. B abx66yce MHOFO napofly. There are many people in the bus. ABTOMAT m. automatic machine Tejie^oH-aBTOMax. Public telephone. CxaHOK-aBXOMax. Automatic machinetool. ABTOMOEfiJIb m. motor-car Exaxb na abtomo6njie. To go by car. ABTOP m. author ABTOP KHHm. The author of a book. ABTOPy^lKA /., gen. pi. -GK fountain-pen IlHcaTi, abtopy^koh. To write with a fountain-pen. ArPECCflBHI blfl, -aa, -oe, -tie aggressive ArpeccHBHan nomithka. An aggressive policy. AFPOHGM m. agronomist PaSoxaib arponomom. To work as an agronomist. AJJPEC m., pi. -a address J^auie Mne sam a^pec. Give me your address. IIocjiaTb nncbmo no a^pecy. To send a letter to an address. AKAflEMHH /. academy AKafle"MHfl HayK. The Academy of Sciences. aka^emuh. The Agricultural Academy. y^htbca B ana^emhh. To study at an academy. AKKYPATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue, short form akkypaxen, akkypaxnla, -o, -LI; adv. akkypaxno painstaking, punctual AKKypaxHMH cxyaenx. A painstaking, punctual student. ILffcaxb ak- KypaxHO. To write carefully. analysis AnajiHS H cimxes. Analysis and AHAJIH3 m. synthesis. AnajiHS MejKAynapoflHoro nojiojkehhh. An analysis of the international situation. <0 Atia.iH3 KpOBH. Blood test. AHFflHA /., no pi. tonsillitis y Menfi anrhha. / have tonsillitis. Bonexb anrhhoh. To be ill with tonsillitis. AHEJIbCflH m. orange BKycHHH anejibchh. A tasty orange. KnjiorpaMM anejibchhob. A kilogramme of oranges. AnJIOAflPIOBATb,. yk;, -yeuib, -yiox imp. KOMy? ne My? to applaud AnjioflnpOBaxb apxiicxy. To applaud an actor. AIIIIETflT m. appetite XopomHH annexiix. A good appetite. IIpHHXHoro annexhxa! / wish you a good appetite! AHPfiJIb m., no pi. April CeroAHfl nepboe anpena. Today is the first of April. OH npneaex B anpejie. He will come in April. ^Ba^ijaxb Tpexbero anpena MH es- AHJIH na 3KCKypcmo. We went on an excursion on the twenty-third of April. chemist's flejkypnah anxena. Duty chemist's. IIoKynaxb JieKapcxsa B anxeke. To buy medicine at a chemist's shop. AHTEKA /. APE#3 m. water-melon ap6ya. A ripe water-melon.

12 APE BE3 APECT OBATb, -yro, -yemt, imp. & p. KOTO? to arrest Apecxosaxb npecxynhhka. a criminal. army yrox To arrest APMHH /. CnJibHaa apmhfl. A strong army. APTflCT m. actor Apxncx KHHO. A cinema actor. HapoflHtiH apxricx GCCP. A People's Artist of the USSR. APXHTEKTOP m. architect FjiaBHtiH apxiixekxop. The chief architect. IIpoeKX apxnxekxopa. The architect's project. ACHHPAHT m. post-graduate student Acnnpanx Ka<f>eApw MaxeMaxHKH. A post-graduate of the Mathematics Chair. ATOM m. atom ATOM BOAOpOAa. A hydrogen atom. ATOMH blfl, -aa, -oe, -tie atomic AxoMHaa aneprnh. Atomic energy. AxoMHaa ajiekxpocxahn.hh. An atomic power-station. ATOMHWH Jieo- KOJI. An atomic ice-breaker. AXOMnafl 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. AyAHTOPHfl /. 1. lecture-room. Tlnxaa ayah Lecture-room No. 5. Mti MaeMCH B xpexbefi We have our lessons in Boom Three. 2. audience. BHHMaxejibHaa ayah- TopHH. An attentive audience. A3PO^POM m. aerodrome Ha aapoapome. At the. aerodrome. Exaife na aapoapom. To drive to the aerodrome. A3POIIOPT m., prepos. B aaponopiy airport BcTpeiaib B AOJiera^Hio aaponopxy. To meet a delegation at the airport. B, 6 BABYmiKA /., gen. pi. -CK grandmother BA3A /. 1. basis. 9KOHOMHHecKaa 6aaa. An economic basis. 2. base. BoeHHaa 6aaa. A military base. BAJI m., prepos. ua 6ajiv & o 6aJie; pi. -BI ball OHH noanakomhjihcb na 6a;iy. met at a ball. They BAJIET m. ballet HOBBIH 6ajiei. A new ballet. CMO- Tpext 6ajiex. To see a ballet. I!OHTH Ha 6ajiex. To go to a ballet. BAJIKpH m. balcony BWHTH Ha 6ajiKOH. To come (go) out on to the balcony. BAHK m. bank FocyflapCTBeHHbiH 6aHK. The State Bank. Han,noHajii>HBiH 6aHK. The National Bank. BAH KA /., gen. pi. -OK jar CTeKJiHHHaa 6aHKa. A glass jar. BiHH /. bath-house BACKETBOJI m., no pi. basket-ball Hrpaxb B 6acKei66ji. To play basket-bfll. BACCEflH m. 1. swimming-pool. IIjiaBaTb B 6acceime. To swim in a swimmingpool. 2. basin. KaMeHHoyroJibHtiii 6acceHH. A coal basin. BwcoKaa Samna. -en tower A high tower. KpeMJie'scKiie Samnn. The Kremlin towers. to run EAlH HH /., gen. pi. BEFA Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp.,d eth 6eraiOT B ca#y. The children ore running about in the garden. BE^A /., pi. 6eRU misfortune, trouble.zjpyr nomor MHC B 6e^,e. My friend helped me in my need. EE.ZJHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form adv. OCAHO 6eA6H, 6eHa, 6eAH o, -H; 1. poor. BeAnaa cxpana. A poor country. OH 6tui 6eAHO OACT. He was poorly dressed. 2. jig. poor. V nero 6eAHoe B0o6- He has a poor imagi- pajkehhc. nation. 3. fig., only complete form poor. BeAHaa wehmnna! Ona noxepajia ctma. The poor woman! She has lost her son. EEJKATb, 6ery, 6e>KHmb, 6eryx imp. 1. to run. CnopxcMen 6e>KHx 6ti expo. The sportsman runs quickly. 2. fig. to fly. BpeMa 6euix. Time flies. BE3 prep, -f- gen. without ^an 6ea caxapa. Tea without sugar. XoAHXb 6ea raankh. To go without a cap.

13 BE3 BHJI <> Eea HHTH MirayT BOceMb. Five minutes to eight. Hex ;^biivia 6ea ornfl (proverb). There is no smoke without a fire. EE3PAE6TH blfl m., gen. -oro unemployed person OH 6e3pa66xHBiH. He is unemployed. EEJI blft, -aa, -oe, -we white EeJiaa cnaxepxb. A white table-cloth. O Eejibiii xjie6. White bread. BEJIbE neut., no pi. underwear; linen HajjexB qiicxoe 6ejiBe. To put on clean underwear. OT,n;aTb Sejite B CTHpny. To give out one's washing. IIocxeJiBHoe 6ejn>e. Bed-linen. BEPEF m., prepos. o 6epere & na 6epery; pi. -a bank, shore Eeper pekh. The bank of the river. Eeper oaepa. The shore of the lake. OxflBixaxB na 6epery Mopa. To rest at the seaside. EEPEHb, 6epery, 6epe>KemL, 6eperyx, past 6eper, 6eperji a, -6, -ii imp. K o r 6? H T o? to take care (of) Beperwxe sflopobbe. Take care of your health. EepeHB Aexeii. To take care of the children. Bepe^B BpeMH. To make the most of one's time. EECEJJA /. conversation.zjpyjkeckaa Secejja. A friendly conversation. BecTii 6eceAy. To carry on a conversation. -yio, -yemb, -yiot mp. C K6M? ROM? HCM?//?. DO- 6ecefl OBaTb, -yro, -yemt, -yiox to talk H Sece^yio c TOBapnmeM o HOBOH KHnre. / am talking about a new book with my friend. BECKOHEHH blfl, -aa, -oe, -we, short form SecKOHenen, 6ecKOHeHH a, -o, -LI 1. endless. BecKOHe^naa pabhhha. An endless plain. 2. endless. BecKOHe^HLiH cnop. An endless argument. 3. infinite. Mnp 6ecKOHeHen. The world is infinite. BECnAPTflflH blfl m., gen. -oro nonparty OH 6ecnapTHHHHH. He belongs to no EECIIJlATHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -tie; adv. 6ecnjiaxHO free, gratis BecnjiaxHoe o6yiehhe. Free education. Becn^axnoe MeflimaHCKoe 06- CJiyjKHBaHiie. Free medical service. Oxfluxaxb 6ecnjiaxHo B canaxopuh. To have free lodgings and board in a sanatorium. EECIIOKplHTbCH, -rocb, -axca imp. o KOM? o 1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno- KOHXbca o Aexax. To worry about the children. BecnoKonxtca o s/iopoble. To be concerned with one's health. 2. to bother. He 6ecnoKoiixecB, a cam 3x0 Cflejiaio. Don't bother, I'll do it myself. EECnOKOflH blh, -aa, -oe, -Lie; adv. 6ecnoKOHHO 1. restless. BecnoKOHHaa A restless life. 2. restless. BeciiOKOHHBifi A restless person. 3. fig. agitated. BecnoKOHHoe Mope. A choppy sea. EECIIOJIE3H bih, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form Secnojieaen, 6ecnojre3ii a, -o, -BI; adv. 6ecnojie3HO useless BecnojiesHoe sahhxne. A useless occupation. EECnOMOmH blr, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form 6ecnoMOmeH, 6ecnoMOin,H a, -o, -H; adv. 6ecnoMoni;HO helpless EecnoMomHbiii pe6e'hok. A helpless child. EECIIOPfl^lOK m., gen. -Ka disorder BecnopaAOK B KOMHaxe. Disorder in the room. EHEJIHOTEKA /. library Haynnaa 6n6JiHOxeKa. A scientific literature library. IIy6jiHHHaa JiHOxena. A public library. BpaxB KHHm B SnSjTHOxeKe. To borrow books from a library. EHJIET m. 1. ticket. BHJICX B xeaxp, B KHHO, Ha KOHU,epx; na noeafl, na napo- XOA, Ha camojiex. A ticket for the theatre, for the cinema, for a concert; for a train, for a ship, for a plane. 2. card. IlapxHHHBiH 6nJiex. A party membership card. IIpHrJiacMTeJiB- HBIH 6njiex. An invitation card. CxyjjeHHecKHH 6njiex. A student's card. 3. 3K3aMeHan,HOHHBiH 6njiex. A

14 EIIO 10 BOJI question-paper (for oral examinations). biography PaccKaaaib Snorpajiiio. To tell one's BHOrPAOHH /. biography. EHTb, 6b ro, -emb, -IOT; imper. 6ea imp. 1. K o r 6? H e M? n o n e M y? to beat. OH SHJI cocany najikoh no cnhhe. He beat the dog on the back with a stick. 2. HTO? HGM? p. pasoiitb, pa- 3o6b K>, -einb, -IOT to break. Pa36HTb CTGKJIO KaMHCM. To break a pane with a stone. Paa- 6irrb cxakan. To break a glass. 3. KOTO? p. passi'itb to defeat. PaaSHTb Bpara. To defeat the enemy. 4. p. npo60tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo6b e't, -IOT to strike. BbiOT nacti KpeMJies- CKOH 6amHH. The clock of the Kremlin tower is striking. EfiTbCH, 6b rocb, -erabch, -men imp. 1. to beat. Cepflije Cmjiocb. The heart was beating. 2. to struggle. OH flojiro 6iijiCH na^; pemehhem sa^a^n. He wrestled with the problem for a long time. EJIArOftAPlfiTb, -K), -limb, -HT imp. KOTO? HTO? 3 a HTO?//?. no6;iaroaap HTb, -jo, -nmb, -HT to thank Bjiarojjapro sac aa BHHMaHHe. (I) thank you for your attention. EJTArpJJAPH prep. + dat. thanks to, owing to EjiaroflapH ynopnomy Tpy^y OHH BtipacTHJiH SoraTbiH ypo?kaa. Thanks to persistent work they've grown a rich crop. EJIE,HH Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp./p. no6jieflhe Tb, -ro, -emb, -KDT to turn pale IIo6jieflHeTb OT CTpaxa. To blanch with terror., -ah, -oe, -we, short form, 6jieAH o, -bi; adv. 1. pale. Eji^flHoe JIH^6. A pale face. EjieflHtiH OT BOJineHHfl. Pale with excitement. 2. fig. colourless. EJI^AHWH OTB^T. A colourless answer. EJIE CTETb, -m.y, -CTHmb, -CTHT or -my, 6jiem.emb, 6ji6m,yT, 1st & 2nd pers. rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle Gner GJICCTHT Ha cojrane. The snow Is sparkling in the sun. Tjiaaa y Hee 6;iecTHT OT pa^octh. Her eyes are sparkling with joy. EJIECTIII^lHfl, -an, -ee, -ne 1. shining. EjiecTHin,HH npeffm^t. A shining object. 2. fig. brilliant. EjiecTflmae ycne- XH. Brilliant success. EjiecTflm,HH OTB6T. A splendid answer. EJIfl3K HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 6JIH30K, 6;iH3Ka, 6jiH3K o, -H; adv. 6JIH3KO; comp. SJIHJKC 1. near. EjiHSKaH AGP^BHH. A near village. Jlec H pena SJIHSKO. The river and the forest are close by. H >KHBy 6JIH3KO OT yhhbcpchte- Ta. / live near the university. 2. fig* close. EJIH3KHH flpyr. A close friend. neut. 1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6^16^0. A porcelain dish. 2. course. IlepBoe 6jii6,n;o. The first course. OSefl H3 Tpex 61110^. A three-course dinner. EOF [6oxl m., gen. pi. -OB God BepHTb B 66 ra. To believe in God. EOrATCTBO neut. 1. wealth. OrpoMnoe 6oraTCTBo. Great wealth. 2. pi. resources. HpHpoAHue 6oraT- CTBa. Natural resources. EOrAT blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form 6or^i, -a, -o, -bi 1. rich. BoraTbiH HCJIOB^K. A rich person. 2. fig. rich. BoraTbiH ypohtan, yjiob. A rich harvest, catch. EOfl m., prepos. B 6016 & o 66e; pi. 6on, 6oe'B battle nonisnytb B 6oro. To die in battle. Ha nojie 66fl. On the battlefield. BOK m., prepos. B - (na) 6oKy; pi. side JIe?Ka"Tb na Sony. To lie on one's side. IIoBepHyTbCfl SOKOM. To turn side-ways. EOJIEE adv. more EoJiee BbicoKHH. Taller. EoJiee HH- TepeCHbiH. More interesting. <> Ten Gojiee (^TO). The more so; especially as. Bojiee HJIH MCHCC. More or less. EOJlESHb /. disease, illness

15 EOJI 11 BOH 6ojie3Hb. A grave disease. BOJIEH, 6ojiBH a, -6, -BI short adj. used as predic. ill (c/. BOJlbHOfl) fl dojieh. / am ill. Ona 6ojibHa ywe AaBHo. She has been ill for a long time. EOJIElTb 1, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. HOM? to be ill Eojiexb AOJiro. To be ill for a Long time. Eojiexb rpnnnom. To be ill with the 'flu. ft 6ojieJi ahnmoh. / had a sore throat. EOJI ETb 2, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -lix, -ax imp. to hurt, to ache y MGHH SOJIHT nora. My leg hurts me. y MeHH SOJIHT rojiosa. / have a headache, y nero GojieJin 3y6ti. He had a toothache, y Hee SOJIIIT ropjio. She has a sore throat. EOJIbHflIJA /. hospital FopOACKaa 6ojiBHHn,a. A city hospital. Jle/KaxB B 6ojibHriue. To be in hospital. EOJIbHO 1. adv. badly. MaJiBHim SOJIBHO ymnsch. The boy hurt himself badly. 2. predic. impers. it hurts. Mne SOJIBHO. It hurts me. EOJIbH Ofl, -aa, -6e, -we 1. sick, bad, diseased. BoJibnan AeBOHKa. A sick girl. BOJIBHOC cepai;e. A bad heart. 2. fig. sore. BOJIBHOH sonpoc. A sore problem. 3xo ero SOJILHOC Mecro. This is his sore spot. BOJIbH Ofl ra., gen. -oro; 6ojiBHJafl /., gen. -OH, pi. -we, gen. -LIX sick person, patient BOJIBHOH jiemiit B 6ojiBHiin,e. The patient is in hospital. Bpan ocmaxpiibaet 6ojiBHoro. The doctor is examining the patient. EOJIblHE 1. comp. of oo.ibinoii bigger. MOCK- Ba 66jiBme JleHHHrpaAa. Moscow is bigger than Leningrad. 2. comp. of MHoro more. OH ana ex 66jiBme, HCM a (6oJiBrae MCHH). He knows more than I do. <> Eojibine Bcero. Most of all. 3. adv. more. BoJiBme Hex BonpocoB? No more questions? H SoJiBme lie Mory. / can't endure it any longer. EOJIbfflHHCTBO jority, most BOJIBHIHHCXBO cnopxom. Most sports. BOJIbraiOH, -an, -6e, neut., no pi. mastudents go in for lie, comp. 66jiB- me (q. v.) 1. big, large. BOJIBHIOH AOM. A big house. BojiBmaa pena. A large river. 2. great. BojiBmaa pa^ocxb. A great ioy. BOMB'A /. bomb AxoMHaH 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. BoflopoAHaa 6oM6a. A hydrogen bomb. BaopsaxB 6oM6y. To explode a bomb. EOP ED( m., gen. -na fighter Eopen; aa CBoSoAY- A fighter for freedom. Bopn,bi 3a MHp. Champions of peace. EOPOTbCH, 6opiocB, 66peniBCH, 66- pioxch imp. s a H x 6? 3 a K o r 6? npoxhb nero? npoxhb KO- TO? c K e M? c H e M? to fight, to struggle BopoxbCH c BparoM. To fight the enemy. BopoxbCH c To 6ojie3HHMii. fight disease. Bopoxbca sa Mtip. To fight for peace. BOPbBA /., no pi. 3 a ixo? 3 a KOTO? npoxhb nerd? npo- XHB KOTO? C K6M? C HCM? 1. fight, struggle. BopbSa sa Heaa- BiicHMOCXb. Struggle for independence. Bopb6a npoxhb Bpardfi. The fight against the enemies. KjiaccoBaa 6opB6a. Class struggle. 6opB6a. A political struggle. 2. wrestling. KjiaccEraecKan 6opB- 6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. BOJIB- Haa 6opb6a. Free style wrestling. EOTflH KH pi., gen. pi. -OK; sing. -OK, gen. -Ka boots Kynnxb SOXHHKH. To buy boots. BOXHHKH copok Bxoporo pasmepa. Size number forty -two boots. EO #TbCH, -rocb, -nmbca, -HXCH imp. KOTO? Her 6? &-J- inf. to be afraid, to fear Boflxbca npocxyflbi. To fear a chill. BoHXbca Moppsa. To be afraid of the frost. BoaxbCH 3a6ojiexb. To be afraid of falling ill. H Sorocb, HXO

16 EPA 12 BYJI Ha noe3a. / arn afraid I'll miss the train. <> BOJIKOB 6OHTbCfl B J16C HC xozuxtb (proverb). Cf. Nothing venture, nothing have. /Jejio Macxepa GdHTCfl (proverb). Gf. He works best who knows his trade. BPAT m., pi. 6paxba, 6paxteB brother CxapniHH 6paT. The elder (eldest) brother. MjiaflmiiH 6pax. The younger (youngest) brother. <> PoAHoii 6pa-r. Brother. RBOWpOAHbiii 6pax. (First) cousin. EPATB, 6ep y, -enib, -yx, past 6paji, 6pa;ia, 6pa;i o, -H imp. H x o? KOr 6?//>. B3HTt, B03bM y, -e'fflb, -yx, past B3HJI, B3HJI3, B3HJl 0, -H 1. to take. OH 6epex KHIIFH co CTOJia. He is taking the books off the table a HTO? to take. Epaxb KOFO- Hi^yAb sa pyny. To take somebody by the hand. 3. to borrow. Epaxb KHiirn B 606- JiHOTeKe. To borrow books from the library. <> BaflTb cesfl B pykh. To pull oneself together. Ba/iTb CJIOBO. To take the floor. BPATfcCfl, 6ep yci>, -enilca, -yxca, past 6pajic, 6paJi act, -ocb, -HCI> imp. sa KOTO? 3a HTO?//>. B3flTbCH, B03bM ycb, -eihbch, -ytch, past B3HJICH, B3HJl acb, -OCb, -HCb 1. to take hold of. OH BSHJICH 3a pynny ftbeph. He took hold of the handle of the door. 2. fig. to apply oneself (to). OH rophho B3Jica sa pa66xy. He set about the work enthusiastically. BPHFAAA /. team Bparafla pa66^hx. A team of workers. BPHTbCfl, 6pe iocb, -embcfl, -IOTCH imp. HCM?//?. no6phtbch, no6pe iocb, -erabch, -IOTCH to shave Bbi 6peexecb B napnkmaxepckoh? Hex, a 6p6rocb cam. "Do you shave at a barber's?" "No, I shave myself." BPOB b /., gen. pi. -6n eyebrow Hepnbie 6poBH. Black eyebrows. XMypnxb 6p6fiH. To knit one's brows. EPOftfiTB, 6po?Ky, imp. to roam Mu Aoiro 6pOAHJiH no jiecy. We roamed the forest for a long time. EPOCA TB, -K>, -emb, -iox imp. / p. 6p6 cnxb, -my, -cnmb, -cax 1. KOTO? HTO? Ky^a? to throw. Bpocuxb pw6y B Boay. To throw a fish into the water. H e M? B KOTO? BO HTO? Bpocuxb KaMHeM B OKHO. To throw a stone at a window. 2. -f- inf. to give up. Bpocnxb Kypiixb. To give up smoking. <> BpocaTb cjiosa na sexep. To talk at random. EPOCA TBCH, -iocb, -enibca, -roxca imp. Ky^a? Ha Koro?//>. 6po cnxbca, -mycb, -ciimbca, -caxca to throw oneself (on), to attack Co6afta 6p6cnJiacb Ha nejiobcka. The dog attacked the man. Bpociixbca B Mope. To throw oneself into the sea. BPOCHTB see BPOCATB BPOCHTBCH see BPOCATBCH BPIOKH no sing., gen. pi. 6piOK trousers MyjKCKHe 6pioKH. Men's trousers. BY^flTB, 6y>Ky, 6yAHHib, 6yaT imp. KOTO? Ip. pas6yabtb, pas6y}ky, pa36yahnib, pa36y#hx to wake Pa36yAHXb xobapnma. To wake up a friend. con/, as if OH pacckasbibaex xak HHxepecno, 6yATO cam see axo BiiAeji. He has such an interesting way of telling things as though he had actually seen them himself. Ey^ymiEE neut., gen. -ero the future,0,exh Haine 6yaymee. Children are our future. B 6yAymeM. In the future. EyftymiHft, -aa, -ee, -ne future; next ByAymaa pa6dxa. Future work. B 6yAymeM rofly. Next year. E^KBA /. letter B pycckom aji$abhxe 33 6yKBbi. There are 33 letters in the Russian alhabet. /., gen. pi. -OK roll CA66naa 6y;iKa. A bun. -DIH-] /., gen. -OH bakery xjre6a B 6yjioHHOH. To buy some bread at the baker's.

17 EYM 13 BA5K EYMAFA /. 1. no pl paper. Hiicxaa 6yMara. Clean paper. ByMara fljia iracb- Ma. Note-paper. 2.: IJeHHbie 6vMarn. Securities. /. storm CiiJibHaa 6ypa. A violent storm. <> Bypn B cxakane BOAW. A storm in a teacup. ByTEPBP04 m. sandwich Byxep6poA c MacjioM. Bread and butter. EyxepSpdfl c BexHHHOH. A ham sandwich. EyTKlJIlKA /., gen. pi. -OK bottle EyxMjma MOjioKa. A bottle of milk, m. 1. sideboard. B 6y$exe cxoax Ham- KH H cxakanbi. There are cups and glasses in the sideboard. 2. buffet. Ey$ex pa66xaex c 9 *iacob. The buffet is open from 9 o'clock. Ebl (B) modal particle, rendered in English by the Conditional Mood and also by the compound pronouns and adverbs whoever, whatever, however, whenever, etc. I. 1. ECJIH 6w a snaji, a 6bi nosbo- HHJI xe6e. Had I known, I would have called you up. 2. JlexoM a xoxeji 6bi noexaxb B JleHHHrpa^;. / should like to go to Leningrad in summer. 3. nie'ji 6i>i xbi cnaxbl You ought to go to bed! II. 1. KTO 6ti MOP axo cji,ejiatb? Whoever could have done that? BLIBA Tb, -ro, -eml, -K>T imp. 1. to go, to visit. H Hacxo B xeaxpe. / often go to the theatre. 2. to be, to occur. SHMOH 6biBaiox 6ojn>nrae Mopoau. There are severe frosts in winter. BKlCTP blfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form 6mcxp, 6i>icxpa, 6Licxp o, -H; adv. 6bicxpo quick, swift BticxpaH pena. A swift river. EBICXpo exaxb. To go quickly. BLITb, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense ecxb is often omitted; fut. 6y^ y, -erab, -yx; past SHJI, 6wjia, SHJIO, 6bijiH; ee 6biJi (-0, -H), ne 6mia imp. 1. there is (are). B MOCKBG ecxb yhhbepchxex. There is a university in Moscow. Panbme 3,n;ecb 6biji Jiec, a xenepb ropoa. There used to be a forest here, and now there is a town. B MOCKBC MHOFO xeaxpob. There are many theatres in Moscow. 2. to have. Y Meaa ecxb 6pax. / have a brother. V Mena 6biJi 6pax. / had a brother. 3. to be (ecxb is omitted). Cefinac 3HMa. It is winter now. Bnepa 6biJi cner. There was snow yesterday. B^epa 6buia naxmina, cerdflna cy666xa, a 3asxpa 6yn;ex BOCKpecenbe. Yesterday was Friday, today is Saturday and tomorrow will be Sunday. 4. to be (ecxb is omitted) Mofi 6pax HHJKenep. My brother is an engineer. MOH oxen; 6biji My father was a doctor. H arpoaomom. / shall be an agronomist. B, B B (BO) prep. I. -f- prepos. 1. in. B nncbmeimom cxone. In the desk. >Knxb B MOCKBC. To II. live in Moscow. HpOHHxaxb B ra- 3exe. To read in a newspaper. 2. in. PoflHXbca B 1949 ro^y. To be born in B asrycxe. In August. B nponijiom the last century. 3. in. HejioBeK B HepnoM a black suit. A man in BBKB. In -face. 1 in, to, at. HojioJKHXb B nika( ). To put in the wardrobe. EpHexaxb B MocKBy. To come to Moscow. 2. on, at. B cy666xy B xpn ^aca 6ysex co6pahhe. There will be a meeting at three o'clock en Saturday. 3. not translated. IlepenbinojiHHXb njian B.n^a pasa. To fulfil a plan twofold. BArpH m. (railway) carriage JKecxKHH Baron. A hard-seated railway carriage. MarKHH Baron. A softseated railway carriage. BA3KH blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form BajKen, sajkha, Ba>KH o, -H; adv. BaJKHO 1. important. BajKnoe coo6mehne.

18 BAH 14 BEP An important announcement (communication). Ba>KHLiH Bonpdc. An important question. 9xo He 2. Ba>KHO. This is of no importance. important, pompous. OH TOBOpnji c Ba?KHbiM BI'IAOM. He was speaking with an air of importance. BAHHA /. bath HpHHHxb Banny. To take a bath. <> CoJiHe^Hbie namibi. Sun-baths. Bo3;iyiiiiibie isamibi. Air-baths. BAPEHjblfl, -an, -oe, -bie boiled Bape'Hoe MHCO. Boiled meat. BAPfiTb, Bapio, Bapnmb, Bapnx imp. qxo? Ip. cbapiixb, cbapro, CBapumb, CB&PHX to boil, to cook Bapiixb Mflco. To boil meat. CBaprixb cyn. To cook soup. Bapiixb o6ea- To cook dinner. BAIII, -a, -e, -H pron. your BOT Bama KOMHaxa. Here is your room. Kan same 3,n;opdBbe? How are you? BBEPX adv. Kya? up(ward) Civtoxpexb BBepx. To look up. Jlexerb BBepx. To fly upward. BJJAJIft adv. rfle? in the distance BflajiH HOKaaaJiCfl ndes^. A train appeared in the distance. BJJAJIb adv. Ky^a? into the distance CMOXpexb BA,ajib. To look into the distance. BflBOEM adv. two (together) Pa6dxaxb BABOCM. To work together (two persons). BJJOJIb prep. 4- gen. along Exaxb BAOJib 6epera Mopn. To drive along^ the sea coast. B^ojib floporn pacxyx ^epebbh. There are trees along the road. adv. suddenly Bflpyr nomeji ^OWAB. Suddenly it started to rain. neut. t pi. Be^pa, Be^ep, BC'ApaM, etc. bucket Beapo BOAH. A bucketful of water.,d[ou{ab JibGT KEK H3 nc;ipa. It is raining cats and dogs. 1. conj. for. OH o6h3axe;ibho npnflex, Beflb OH anaex, HXO MM ero?k,n;em. He will certainly come, for he knows that we are waiting for him. 2. particle but. Beflb axo But this is the truth! BEJKJlHB bifl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form BC>KJIHB, -a, -o, -bi; adt. Bem- JIHBO polite B&KJIHBLIH MajibHHK. A polite boy. BewjiHBO npocrixb. To ask politely. BESJJfi adv. r A e? everywhere Bes^e Jiewaji cner. There was snow everywhere. BE3 Tfl, -y, -enib, -yx, past B&B, BCS- Jija, -6, -ii imp. KOTO? H x o? Kyfl a? 1. to take, to carry. Mamiina seaex MOJIOKO B rdpoa. The truck is carrying the milk to town. pesenka B canaxdphh. To 2. take the child to the sanatorium. imfers. KO My? to be lucky. EMy Beaex. He is lucky. MHO He fiesjio. / had no luck. BEK m., pi. -a, -OB century ^BaAUaxwii B6K. The twentieth century. B nponijiom BeKe. In the last century. BEJI ETb, -K), -limb, -HX imp. & p. (past only p.) K o M y? q e M y? -j- inf. to order Maxb BeJieJia emy HOHXH B Maraann. to the His mother told him to go shop. Ona Bejiejia, qxdsti OH nyniiji Macjia. She told him to buy some butter. BEJlflK, -a, -d, -H short adj. (cf. BOJIbUIOfl & BEJIflKHfl) too large KOCXIOM BBJIHK CMV. The suit is too large for him. Ty<f)JiH ea BCJIIIKII. The shoes are too large for her. BEJIflKlilfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form BejiHK, -a, -o, -H great BejiHKHii yhentih. A great scholar. BEJIOCHIIEA m. bicycle HOBUH BeJiocHneA- A new bicycle. Exaxb na BejiocnneAe. To ride a bicycle. BEPA /., no pi. B KOTO? BO qxd? belief, faith Bepa B no6eay- Belief in victory. B ^ejiobcka. Faith in man. Bepa BEPEB KA /., gen. pi. -OK string, rope JJjTiiHHaH BepeBKa. A long piece of string. BfiP HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HX imp. I p. no- Bep HXb, -K), -HHIb, -HX

19 BEP 15 BEH 1. KOMV? ne My? to believe. H Te6e Bepro. I believe you. 2. B KOTO? BO HTO? to have faith (in). BepHTb B napoa, B ero CHJibi. To have faith in the people, in their strength. BEPH ^Tb, -y, -e'fflb, -yx p. KOTO? ^TO? KOMy? to return BepnyTb Aentra TOBapumy. To return money to one's friend. BEPH ytbch, -ycb, -emtch, -yich p. K y A a? o T K y A a? to come back BepHyibCH AOMOH. To come back home. Bepny-rbCH H3 noesakh. To come back from a trip. BEPH blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form Bepen, Bepna, Bepno, Bepnti; adv. Bepno 1. faithful. BepnuH Apyr. A faithful friend. Bepno cjiyjkhtb napoay. To serve the people faithfully. 2. correct. Bepnoe peraenne. The correct decision. BepnaH MHCJIB. The right idea. Bepno pemhtb saaany. To solve a problem correctly. BEPOflTHO paren. word probably GerOAHH MBI, BepOHTHO, HOHA6M B KHHO. Today we shall probably go to the cinema. BEPTOJIET m % helicopter BepTOJICT HOBOH KOHCTpyKIJHH. A helicopter of a new design. BEPXH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 1. upper. BepxHHH 3Ta?K. The upper storey. 2. outdoor. BepXHee njiaxte. Outdoor clothes. BepxHHH OAeJKAa. Outdoor clothes. BEPfflflHA /. top Bepmiraa Aepesa. The top of a tree. Bepmiina roph. The top of a mountain. BEC m. weight Bee Tejia. The weight of a body. BontmoH sec. A great weight. BECEJIjblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form Beceji, secejia, Becejijo, -H; adv. Becejio merry, gay BecejiLie CTyAeBTBi. Gay students. Becejian nechh. A merry song. MHO BeceJio. / feel gay. BEC^HHIHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne spring BeceHHHH ACHL. A spring day. Becennee c6jran.e. Becennee najitto. The spring sun. A spring coat. BE CHTb, -my, -cnmb, -CHT imp. to weigh Apoya BCCHT HHTB KiijiorpaMMOB. The water-melon weighs five kilogrammes. BECHA /., pi. BecHti spring BECHOfl adv. in spring BeciioH na HOJIHX Taei cner. In spring the snow thaws in the fields. BECTH, BeAl.Y, -emt, -VT, past BCJI, BeJi a, -6, -IT imp. 1. K o r 6? H T o? K y A a? to take. Maib BeA&T pese'hka B ACTCKHH caa- The mother is taking her child to the kindergarten. 2. HTO? to conduct. BCCTH ypok. To conduct a lesson. <> BecTii XO3HHCTBO. To keep a house. 3. to lead. KyAa BeAex 3Ta Aopora? Where does this road lead to? <> BecTii ce6fl. To behave. PeSenoK B6A6T ce6a xopoino. The child behaves well. OH ne ymeet BGCTH ce6fl. He can't behace himself. BECb (gen. Bcero), BCH (gen. Been), Bee (gen. Bcero), Bee (gen. Bcex) pron. 1. all, whole. PaSoiaxB secb Aenb. To work the whole day. PaSoTaxb BCK) HO^b. To work the whole night. 2. used as n. Bee everything. Bee B nopnake. Everything is all right. 3. used as n. BCG everybody. Bee nphnuiii? Has everybody come? <> Bcero xopoinero! All the best! Bee epemfl men AO^KAL. It was raining all the time. BET EP m., gen. -pa wind IIoAyJi CHJibHbiH Beiep. A strong wind blew. BfiT KA /., gen. pi. -OK 1. branch. Bexna 6epe3bi. A branch of a birch-tree. 2. branch-line. JKeJieanoAOpoJKHafl BeTKa. A railway branch-line. BEHEP m., pi. -a 1. evening. IIpHHTH AOMOH B cemb nacob Be T iepa. To come home at seven o'clock in the evening. 2. evening-party. IIpaaAHHHHLiH A festive evening.

20 BEH 16 BHII Benep. A musical evening. JlnxepaxypHwii Benep. A literary evening. BEHEPHlHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 1. evening. BenepHHH aapa. Evening twilight. 2. evening. Beiepnee njiaxbe. An evening dress. BenepHHH <a- KVJibxex. Evening department. BEHEPOM adv. in the evening H npnfly K BaM BeiepOM. / shall come to see you in the evening. Biepa Be^epoM y nac SBIJIH rocxn. We had guests yesterday evening. BEfflA Tb, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. KO- TO? HTO? KyRa?/p. nobe chxb, -ray, -cnrab, -CHT to hang Bemaxb Kapxiiny na deny. To hang a picture on the wall. BEIIJECTBO neut. substance Tfie'pfloe BemecxBo. Solid substance. JKii/jKoe BenjecxBo. Liquid substance. Fa30o6pa3Hoe BenjecTBo. Gaseous substance. BEIIJIb /., gen. pi. -eii 1. thing. HyjKiian BeiUB. A thing one needs. \\Usu.pl. uemn things. OXB63XH Bem.II Ha BOK3&JI. To take one's things to the station. 2. thing. KoMnosHxop nanncaji xopomyio Bem.b. The composer wrote a good piece. B3AflMH blfl, -an, -oe, -we mutual BsaHMHaH Jiio66Bb. Mutual love. B3BOJIHOBATB see BOJIHOBATb B3FJIHA m. 1. look. IIpHCTaJIbnBIH B3FJIHA. A stare. HeJKHbiii BSFJIH^. An affectionate look. BpoCHTB BarJiflji;. To cast a glance. 2. view. Hayqnwe BSFJIHABI. Scientific views. B3rJIHH$Tb, Bsrjiflny, BsrjiHHeraB, BsrJiHHyT p. nakoro? na HTO? to glance OH BsrJiHHVJi na ^acu. He looked at the clock. B3AOXH#Tb see B3#bIXATb B3^bIXA Tb, -K), -rox ^-erab, imp./ p. B3Aoxn yxb, -y, -e'mb, -yx to sigh FjiySoKo B3AOXHVXB. To heave a deep sigh. B30BTB see BCXO^flTb B3P(3CJI blb[, -an, -oe, -we 1. grown-up. BspocJiBin CBIH. A grown-up son. 2. n. grown-up. GJiyraancn Bspoc- JIBIX! Listen to grown-ups! B3PbIB m. 1. explosion. Bap MB 66M6BI. A bomb explosion. 2. fig. outburst. BspBiB CMexa. An outburst of laughter. B3flTb see BPATb B3HTbCfl see BPATbCH 1. look. SflOpoBMH BHA. A healthy look. EOJIBHOH BH.O;. An unhealthy look. 2. view. KpacHBwn BH na ropo^. A beautiful view of the city. <> IlMexb B BHAy. To bear in mind. BHJJ 2 m. sort, kind, species BH.HEH, Biiflna, BHflHO, BHAHW short adf. visible Topozt BHflen c Mopn. The town can be seen from the sea. BH/JHO KOTO? H x o? predic. impers. (it is) visible OxcioAa A^JieKO BIIJJHO! You can see far into the distance from here! Ftaero ne BWJI,HO. Nothing is visible. Mne xopomd BITAHO. / can see well. -?Ky, -AHOIB, -RHT imp. KOTO? HXO?//>. ybh,n;exb, -Hy, -anrab, -JJHX to see B OKHO H BHjKy cxapbih napk. / see an old park through the window. HJIOXO Bi'mexb. To have poor eyesight. Paa sac BH,n;exb. / am glad to see you. BHCTb BC6 B P030BOM CB6TC. To see through rose-coloured spectacles. BflJJHMO par en. word apparently BHSHMO, axo 6wJi ee anakomwh. It must have been her acquaintance. Bll,0,H I>lfl, -an, -oe, -bie eminent BH^HWH yqe'hbin. An eminent scientist. BflJI KA /., gen. pi. -OK fork flaaxe, nowdjiyncxa, BHJiKy. Will you give me a fork, please? Ecxb BHJIKOH. To eat with a fork. BHHA /. fault 3xo MOH BHHa. It is my fault. 3x0 no MOOH EHHO. It has npoh3orajio happened through my fault. BHHO neut., pi. BHHa wine KpenKoe BHHO. Strong wine. CJia#-

21 BHH 17 BHH Koe BHHO. Sweet wine. Cyxoe BHHO. Dry wine. BHHOBAT blft, -aa, -oe, -bie, short form BHHOBaT, -a, -o, -fci 1. guilty, fl BHHOBaT nepe,o; BaMH. / am guilty towards you. OH H6 BHHOBar. He is not guilty. 2. fig., only complete form guilty. BnHOBaTbiii BsrjiHjj. A guilty look. BHHOBaToe BbipaJKenne JIHn,a. A guilty expression on one's face. BHHOrPAJJ in., no pi. grapes; vine CJia/iKHH BHHorpafl. Sweet grapes. BH CETb, -ray, -ciimb, -CHT imp. re? to hang IlaJibTo BHCIIT na BemaJiKe. The coat is hanging on a hanger. KapTa BHCFIT Ha CTGHG. The map is hanging on the wall. BKJIfOHAITb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. H T O?/ p. BKJIIOHJHTb, -y, -HHIb, -3T to switch on BKJiiOHHTb CB6T. To switch on the light. BKJIIOHfiTb see BKYC m. BKJIIOHATb 1. taste. V cyna CTpaHHbiii BKyc. The soup tastes queer. 2. fig. taste. OaeBaTt.cn co BKycoM. To dress with taste. V Hero xoporahh BKyc. He has good taste. BKyCH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form BKVceH, BKycna, BKycH o, -bi; adv. BKycHO tasty BKycHbifi sabtpak. A tasty breakfast. Ona TOTOBHT BKycHO. She cooks tasty meals. BJIAftEITb,.JQ^ _erab) -wimp. H e M? 1. to own. Bjia^eTL aemjieii. To own land. 2. fig. to know. BjianeTb nnoctpah- HWM H3biKOM. To know a foreign language. BJlAH{H blh, -an, -oe, -bie, short form BjiaweH, BJia>Kiia, BJia>KH o, -w damp Bjia>KHbiH KJiHMaT. damp climate. Bjia>KHaH TpflHKa. A damp rag. BJIACTb /. power BbiTb (ctohtb) y BJiacxH. To be in power. BaHTb BJiacTb B CBOH pykh. To take power into one's hands. ITpHHTW K BJiacTH. To come to power. BJIE3A Tb, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. na HTO? BO HTO?/ p. BJI63 Tb, -y, erab, -yt, past BJIOS, BjieaJiIa, -o, -H to climb MaJibHHK BJiea na Kpbiray. The boy climbed onto the roof. OH BJies B OKHO. He climbed in through the window BJIE3Tb see BJIESATb BJIHUHHE neut. influence OKasaTb BjiHHHHe na TOBapnma. To exert influence on a friend. EbiTfc noa BjiHHHiieM 6paTa. To be under the influence of one's brother. BJTIOEflTbCH see BJIIOEJItfTbCH BJlIOEJlHiTbCH, -iocb, -embch, -IOTCH imp. B KOTO? BO ITO?//?. Bjiro- 6l'lTbCH, BJIK)6jIl6cb, BJIK)6HrabCH, Bjji66HTCH to fall in love OH BjiK>6iijJCfl B MOW cectpy. He fell in love with my sister. BMECTE adv. together Pa6oTaTb BMecTe. To work together. BMECTO prep. + gen. instead of BMecTO ypona cero^hh 6yfl;ex 9K- CKypcuH. There will be an excursion instead of the lesson today. BMEIHATbCH see BMEU1HBAT bch BMEUlHBA TbCH, -rocb, -erabch, -IOTCH imp. BO HTO? / p. BM6- ma TbCH, -rocb, -erabca, -IOTCH to interfere He BMemHBaHTecb ne B CBOC nejio. Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you. BHA^AJIE adv. at first, at the beginning BnaqaJie see CJiyraajin BHHMaTejib- HO. At first everybody listened attentively. BHE prep. -{-gen. outside Bne floma. Outside the house. <> Biie o^epejih. Out of turn. BHECTfi see BHOCflTb, -HH, -ee, -ne 1. outer, outward. 2. external, foreign. BneraHHH nojihthka. Foreign policy. Bnera- HHH TOproBJifl. Foreign trade. BHH3 adv. K y fl a? down(ward) CnycTHTbCH BHH3. To come (go) down. BHH3y adv. r A e? below BHHSV TBKJia peka. Down below flowed a river. attention Attention! 06para,aTb Ha HTo-JiH6o. To pay attention to something. IIpHBJieKaTb. To attract attention. He BHHMAHHE neut.

22 BHH 18 B03 ospamaiixe BHHMaHHH. Don't pay attention. Ejiaroflapio sac sa BHH- MaHiie. Thank you for your attention. BHHMATEJIbH blfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form BHHMaxejieH, BHHMaxeJib- H a, -o, -bi; adv. BHHMaxejibHO attentive. BaHMaxeJibHbiH ynenhk. An attentive pupil. BmiMaxejibHO nnxaxb Kmiry. To read a book attentively. BHOCfiTb, BHomy, BHOcmnb, BHOCHT imp. KOTO? H x o? KyAa?/ p. BHec X'f, -y, -enib, -yx, past BHCC, BHecji a, -6, -ii BHGCTII Bemn B KOMHaxy. the things into the room. To carry <> BiiecTH npeajiojkeime. To table a motion. BHYK m. grandson BIiyTPEHHIHft, -HH, -ee, -ne 1. internal. BnyxpeHHHe 6oJie~3Hii. Internal diseases. 2. internal. BHyxpeimee nojioh^enne B cxpane. The internal situation in a country. BHVxpeHHHH EOJIH- XHKa. BHYTPfl Internal policy. 1. adv. rjje? inside. EOJIHX BHVXpii. It hurts inside. 2. prep. -{- gen. inside. Bnyxpii KOMHaxbi. Inside the room. BHYTPb inside, into 1. adv. KyAa?: IIpHHaxfc JienapcxBO Bnyxpi>. To take a medicine. 2. prep, -\-gen.: 3arjiHH}'xi. BHyxps To look into the hall. /., gen. pi. -en granddaughter BOBPEMH adv. in time IIpHHXH BoepeMH. To come in time. BO BPEMH prep, -j- gen. during Bo spemh BOHHLI. During the war. Bo BpeMfl nepepbisa. During the interval. BOBCE (HG) adv. at all OH BoBce ne flonxop, a HHJKenep. He is not a doctor at all, he is an engineer. BO-BTOPb'IX paren. word second(ly) Bo-nepBbix, a ycxaji, so-bxophx, xo^y cnaxt. First, I'm tired, secondly, I'm sleepy. BOJjA /., ace. Bojjy; pi. BOAW water Bozia. Cold water. Fopn- Hot water. MnnepdjibHaa Mineral water. OpyKXOBaH BO^a. Fruit drink. GxaKan A glass of water. BUUTO CVXHM H3 KO^M. To come <0> off unscathed. KaK ^BC KUIIJIII BOflM. As like as two peas. Mnoro BOAbi yxekjio. Much water has flowed under the bridges. BOjjflTb, BOJKy, BOAHHIb, BOAHT imp. 1. KOTO? HXO? Ky.ua? to take. Bo^nxb flexen na nporyjiky B napk. To take the children out for 2. a walk in the park. ^ixo? to drive. BoAxb HV. To drive a car. Manra- BO EBATb, -roro, -ioemb, -roiox c K e M? c H e M? to fight imp. Boesaxb c uparom. To fight the enemy. BOEHHI blh, -an, -oe, -bie war, military 1. BoeHHoe nojiojkehhe. The military situation. BoeHnaa npo- MhimjieHHOCXb. War industry. BoeHHoe spemh. War time. 2. n. Moii 6pax BoenHbin. My brother is in the army. B05K,H b m., gen. -H leader Bo>KAb napojia. The leader of the BO3BPATfiTb see BO3BPAffliATb BOSBPATflTbCfl see BOSBPAmATb- CH BO3BPAmA Tb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. KOTO? HXO? KO My?/ /?. B03Bpa xiixb, -my, -xiimb, -XHX to return BosBpaxHXb AOJir xobapnnty. To return a debt to one's friend. BOSBPAHJAITbCH, -K>cb. -embch, -loxcfl imp. Ky#a?^ oxky^a?/ p. B03Bpa XHXbCH, -mycb, -XHfflbCH, -XHXCH to come back BosBpamaxbca ^OMOH HS noxofla. To return home from a hike, m. air BO3Ayx. Pure air. GBGJKHH BO3yx. Fresh air. <> Ha CBeweM B03flyxe. In the open air. B03fiTb, Bo>Ky, Bosnmb, BOBHX imp. KOTO? HXO? to carry Maraimbi B03HX KHpnnqn. Lorries carry bricks. B03JIE 1. adv. near. MaraHHa octahobhjiacb BOSJie. The motor-car stopped near by. 2. prep, -f gen. near. Ero OM Ha-

23 BOS 19 BOP XOflHXCfl B03JI6 VHHBepCHXeXa. His house is near the University. B03MG3KHOCTb /. 1. opportunity. MMeib BOSMOJK- Hocxb. To have an opportunity. JJaXb B03MOJKHOCXb KOMy-JIH0 Cfle-naxb Hxo-JiH6o. To give somebody an opportunity to do something. 2. usu. pi. possibilities. Eojitnnie B03MO>KHOCTH. Great possibilities. B03M6>KH bifl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form B03MOJK6H, B03MOJKH a, -0, -bi; adr. B03MOJKHO possible, probable BosMOJKHbia cjiynaa. A possible case. 9xo BnoJine BOSMOJKHO. That is quite possible. B03HHKA Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -IOT imp. /p. B03HHKH yxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -yx, past BOS- HHK, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH to appear 3xo rocy^apctbo BOSHHKJIO B xpexb- 6M Bene. This state appeared in the third century. BOSHflKHyTb see BOSHHKATb B03PA3KA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. KOMy? H3 ^TO?//>. B03pal3HXb, -my, -3umb, -SHT to reply, to object BospasHXb flokjiajrqimy. To reply to the speaker. Bospasrixb Ha samenanhe. To reply to a remark. ECJIH BLI ne BoapajKaexe... // you don't mind... B03PA3flTb see BO3PA3KATb B03PACT m. age.hexh mkojibhoro Bospacxa. Children of school age. B sospacxe mecxh/je- CHXH Jiex. At the age of sixty. BOflHA /, pi. BOHHM war OG'baBHXb BOHHy. To declare war. IIorH6Hyxb na Bonne. To lose one's life in the war. BOflTfl see BXOAflTb BOK3AJI m. station JlenHHrpaACKHH BOKsajr. Leningrad Railway Station. Hoexaxb Ha BOK-. To go to the station. 1. adv. round. THmana uokpyr. There is silence all round. 2. prep, -j- gen. round. BoKpyr ffoma 6tiji caa- The house was surrounded by a garden. BOJIEflBOJI m. volley-ball Hrpaxb B BOJiendoJi. To play volleyball. 2* BOJIK m., gen. pi. -6fi wolf <> BOJIKOB 5OHTbCH B JI6C HO xoahtb (proverb). Cf. Nothing venture, nothing have. BOJIHA /., pit BOJIHLI wave BOJIHEHHE neiit. excitement, nervousness OH no6jieheji ox BOJiHenHH. He turned pale with excitement. BOJIH OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yrox imp. K r 6? H X 0? / p. BSBOJIHlOBaXb, yk), -yemb, -ywx to worry 9XOX BOnpOC M6HH OHCHb BOJIHyeX. This question worries me very much. BOJIH OBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembcn, -yioxch imp. to worry, to be nervous, to be excited BojiHOBaxbca nepe^ SKsaMenoM. To feel nervous before an examination. BOJIOCbl pi., gen. pi. BOJIOC, BOJIOcaM, etc.; sing. BOJIOC hair KpacHBbie BOJIOCLI. Beautiful hair. BOJIfl /., no pi. will GwJifcHaH BO JIH. A strong will. Bojia K noseae. The will to win. BOOEIU.E adv. 1. in general. Boo6m,e axo npas^a. In general it is true. 2. at all. OH B0o6me HO roboppix no-pycckh. He does not speak Russian at all. BOOPy5KEHHE neut. 1. no pi. equipment. BoopyjKeHne apmhh HOBBIM opy?khem. The equipment of the army with new weapons. 2. usu. pi. armaments. CoKpamemie BOOpyjKeHHH. A reduction of armaments. ToHKa BOOpy5K6HHH. The arms race. BO-HEPBblX paren. word first(ly), in the first place Bo-nepBbix, 3x0 xpyflno... In the first place, it's difficult... BOHPOC m. 1. question. Hpocxon Bonpoc. A simple question. Sa^axb Bonpoc. To ask a question. 2. question, problem. BajKH&ra BOHpoc. An important question. Hai^HOHajibHtiH Bonpoc. The national question. BOP m., gen. pi. -OB thief Apecxosaxb BO pa. To arrest a thief.

24 BOP 20 B11P BOPOTA no sing., gen. pi. BOpox 1. gate(s). Bopoxa ca^a. The gate of a garden. 2. goal. Hocjiaxb MH^ B Bopoxa npoxiibhhka. To send tjie ball into the opponent's goal. BOPOTHflK m., gen. -a collar MexoBOH BOpOTHHK. A fur collar. BOCKJIflKH yxb see BOCKJIHIJATb BOCKJIHIJAITb, -K), -einb, -IOT imp./ p. BOCKJiHKH yxb, -y, -enib, -yi to exclaim, to cry out PaAOCXHO BocKJiHKHyxb. To cry out joyfully. BOCKPECfiHbE neut. Sunday B BocKpeceHbe MM esahjih 3a ropoa. We went to the country on Sunday. BOCHHTAHHE neut. upbringing, education BoermxaHHe pesehka. The upbringing of a child. OH nojiyiriji xopomee BocntixaHHe. He received a good education. BOCllHTATb see BOCIUlTblBATb BOCIlflTblBAlTb, -10, -euib, -K)T imp./ p. BOcnnTa xb, -10, -einb, -lox to bring up 1. KOTO? to bring up. Bocnuxaxb Cb'raa. To bring up one's son. 2. HTO? B KOM? to cultivate. Bocnaxaxb B Aexax jiio6obb K nptipoae. To cultivate love for nature in children. IlGJIbSO- BOCnOJIb30BATbCH see BATbCfl BOCnOMHHAHHE neut. 1. recollection. BocnoMHiiaHne jiexcxsa. Recollection of one's childhood. 2. usu. pi. reminiscences, memoirs. BocnoMHHaiinH o cobpemehhh- Kax. Reminiscences of one's contemporaries. BOCCTAHABJIHBAjTb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. ixo?/ p. BOCCxa nobhxb, -HOBjiK), -HOBHmb, -HOBHX to restore, to rebuild BoccxanoBwxb paapymehhtin ropoa. To rebuild a town that had been destroyed. BoccxanoBnxb XOSHHCXBO. To restore the economy. BOCCTAHHE neut. uprising, revolt EoflHflXb Boccxanne. To raise a revolt. BOCCTAHOBflTb see BOCCTAHAB- JIHBATb BOCTOK m. east 1. east. CoJinue BOCXOAHX Ha BOCXO- Ke. The sun rises in the east. 2. East. BjTH>KHHik BOCXOK. Near East. ^ajtbhiiii BOCXOK. Far East. CpeAHHH BOCXOK. Middle East. Bw 6biJin Ha BOCXOKC? Have you been in the East? BOCTOPF m. delight, enthusiasm OH c BOCxoproM pacckaaweaji o CBOen noesake. He was telling about his trip enthusiastically., -aa, -oe, -we east(ern) Bexep. An east wind. Bocxo^Hoe HanpaBJieime. An easterly direction. BOCXHTHTbCH see BOCXHUl,ATbCH BOCXMmA TbCH, -rocb, -eiiibcfl, -IOT- Cfl *imp. K6M? HGM?/ p. BOCXH - XHXbCfl, -mycb, -XHUIbCfl, -XHXCfl to admire Becb Mnp BOcxumaexcH noabhrom The whole world admires the repoeb. heroes' feat. BOCXOJJ m. rising BocxoA cojihd,a. The sunrise. EOT particle 1. here is. Box KHiira. Here is the book. 2. what (a). Box Kpacoxal What beauty! Box axo xopoino! That's good! BHEPBb'IE ad i'. for the first time H BnepBtie B MOCKBO. It is the first time I have been in Moscow. ad. KyAa? forward H Bnepe'A- To go forward. 1. adv. rae? in front. BnepeAH Sb'iJTH ropbi. There were mountains in front. 2. prep. -{-gen. at the head of, in front of. BnepeAH KOJIOHHM necjiw anamena. At the head of the column they carried banners. BHEHATJIEHHE neut. impression OiJibHoe Bneqaxjienne. A strong impression. Mrpa apxricxa nponsbejia 6oJibiu6e BneqaxjieHne Ha spxejieii. The actor's performance made a great impression on the spectators. BIIPOHEM conj. though, nevertheless KapxHHa xoporaan, Bnpo^eM BU camh ee ybhahxe. The picture i& good, though you'll see it yourself.

25 BPA 21 BCT BPAF m., gen. -a enemy EopoTbCfl c BparaMH. To fight the enemies. BP ATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past epaji, spa.na, epajin imp. K o M y? H e M y?/ />. cobplaib, -y, -euib, -yi, past cobpa;i, cobpana, cobpajih colloq. to lie. Pe6e"HOK cospaji OTn,y. The child lied to his father. BPAH m., gen. -a physician, doctor BpaH-xepaneBT. A therapeutist. TKeiimHHa-spa 1!. A lady doctor. BBITB y spa^a. To be at the doctor's. MATH K Bpaqy. To go to the doctor. Co- BCTOBaTbCfl c spa^om. To consult a doctor. -an, -oe, -Lie, short form Bpeaen, BpeAHa, Bpe*AH o, -H; adv. BpeAno harmful, bad BpeAHbiH qenobek. A bad man. Bpe^HaH Teopufl. A harmful theory. BpeAHoe pactehiie. A noxious weed. BaM BpeAHO MHoro KypnTb. It's bad for you to smoke so much. Mopos BpeACH Ana lotkhbix pactemih. Frost is dangerous for southern plants. BPEMfl neut., gen., dat., prepos. Bpe- MCHH; pi. BpeMena, BpeMeH, BpeMe- HaM, etc. time 1. CnoJibKO BpeMCHH? What time is it? BpeMH HACT. Time flies. BpeMH nponijio. The time has passed. BpeMH He WACT. Time waits for no man. BpeMfl nona- H<eT. Time will show. 2. Be^epnee Bpewa. Evening. ^O>KAjiiiBoe BpeMR. Rainy period. Ciapbie BpCMena. Old times. BpeMena ro^a. Seasons. There is a <0> Bceiy CBOC epema. time for everything. Bee BpeMfl. All the time. Qua see BpeMfl CMeajiacb. She laughed all the time. Bo epemh used as prep, -\-gen. Bo BpeMH BOH- HH MM JKHJIH y 6a6ymKH. During the war we lived at our granny's. BCE 1 pron., see BECb, 2 BCE 2 particle still, ever A OH see MOJIHHT H MOJi^MT. And silent, fl Bee name he still keeps BcnoMHHaio TBOH cjioba. / recollect your words ever oftener. OH see em,e 6ojieeT. He is still ill. Tw BCC JKG KO MHC. You come to see npuxoflw me just the same. adv. always OH Bcervia Becejibiw. He is always gay. BCEMflPHIWfl, -ah, -oe, -bie world BceMtipHbin < ecthbajit>. World festival. BCE PABH6 1. all the same. Mne Bee pasno. It's all the same to me. 2. just the same. XOTH o^enb xo- JIOAHO, H see pabho nofifly Ty^a. Though it is very cold, I'll go there just the same. BCE-TAKII particle just the same H Bce-xaKH no WAV na senep. I'll go to the evening-party just the same. BCKOFE adv. soon^ BcKOpe na^rajich AO^AB- Soon it began to rain. BCJIE# after, following 1. adv. OH nocmoxpeji BCJICA... His eyes followed used as prep, -f- dat. or sa -\-instr. OH nocmoxpeji BCJICA GMy. He followed him with his eyes. Mbi notujiii BCjieA aa HHM. We followed him. BCJiyX adv. aloud MnTaTb BCjiyx. To read aloud. BCIIAXATb see HAXATb BCIlOMMHAjTb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. K o r 6? H T o? or o H e M? / p. BCHOM- H HTb, -K), -HHIb, -HT 1. to recollect, fl CBoero Apyra. / recollect my friend. BcnoMHHaib o AeTCTBe. To recall one's childhood. 2. to remember, fl HHtcaK He Mory BcnoMHHTb. / just can't remember. BCIKJMHHTb see BCIIOMHHATb BCTA BATb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. f p. BCTa xb, -ny, -Heiub, -nyt to get up, to rise Ka?KAbiH AeHb H BCTaio B cemb na- COB ytpd, HO ceroahfl fl scxaji B BoceMb nacob. Every day I get up at seven o'clock in the morning, but today I got up at eight o'clock. Cojnme BCTae'T Ha BOCTOKC. The sun rises in the east. <> Bcxaxb c Jieeofi HOFH. To get out of bed on the wrong side. BCTATb see BCTABATb BCTPfiTHTb see BCTPEHATb BCTPfiTHTbCfl see BCTPEHATbCfl

26 BCT 22 Bbl BCTPfiHA /. meeting BcTpeia Apyaea. A meeting of friends. CepAe^HaH BCTpeia. A cordial meeting. BCTPE l la Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. KOTO? HTO? I p. BCTpe THTb, -ly, -THrab, -THT to meet 1. fl BCTpeTHJi ero cjiyq^ano. / met him by chance. 2. BcipeiHTb xjiesom-cojibio. To extend hospitality to somebody. <0> Bcxpeqaxb HoBbiu FOA. To see the New Year in. BCTPEHA TbCH, -rocb, -embca, -K>T- CH imp. C K6M? C H6M?/ p. BCTpe THTbCfl, -HyCb, -THfflbCfl, -THTCH to meet BcTpeTHTbCtt c Apy3bflMH. To meet friends. MM BCTpeTHJincb Ha yjran,e. We met in the street. fig. BCTpeiHTbCfl C TpyAHOCTHMH. TO meet with difficulties. BCTynA Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. BO HTO?//>. BCTVOHTb, BCTyDJIK), BCTynninb, BCTVHHT to join BcTynwTb B cnopnibhoe 66in,ecTBo. To enter a sports society. BCTyMTb see BCTyilATb BCXOflHTb, BCxojKy, BCxoAHinb, imp. I p\ B30H Tii, -Ay, yt, past B30 me'ji, -inua, 1. to ascend. Bcxoflirrt na Bepraany ropw. To climb to the top of the mountain. 2. to rise. CoJinije BCXO/JIIT. The sun rises. BClD/jy adv. everywhere BcroAy 6i>iJio TCMIIO. It was dark everywhere. BCHKiHfl, -an, -oe, -He pron. 1. any 2. all sorts of. B MarasHne ecib BCHKHe npoaykth. There are all sorts of foodstuffs in the shop. 3. used as n. anyone <0" Ha BciiKiiii cjiyqafi. Just in Be3(o) ncmcux TpyAOB. Without any difficulty. B TEHEHHE prep. +gen. during B TCHCHHe 3HMti. During the winter. Pa6oTaxb B Teqgnne roaa. To work during the year. BTOPHHK m. Tuesday Co6paHHe COCTOUTCH BO BTOPHHK. The meeting will take place on Tuesday. Ka;KAbiH BTOPHHK. Every Tuesday. B-TPETbHX paren. word third(ly) Knora, BO-nepBux, o^enb HHTepec- Haa, BO-BTOpLIX, KpaCHBO O$6pMjieHa, H, B-TpeTbHX, ona jierko HHxaeTCH. First, the book is very interesting, second, it is beautifully designed, and. third, it reads well. BTPOEM adv. three (together) Mu o6eaaem BTpoeM. We three together. By3 m. (== Bhicniee ynesno HHC) higher educational establishment B MOCKBO OKOJIO 90 Byaos. In Moscow, there are some 90 higher educational establishments. BXOA m. entrance Bxdft B MCTpo. An entrance to the underground. BXOA B napk. An entrance to the park. FjiaBHMH BXOA. The main entrance. BXO.H.flTb, BXo>Ky, exoanmb, BXOAHT imp.k y A a? / p. BOM TH, -Ay, -Aenib, -AyT, past Bo me'ji, -injia, -nuio, 1. to enter. BOHTH B KJiacc. To enter the classroom. Pa3pemHTe BOHTH? May I come in? 2. B coctas AeJieramiH BXOAHT HHTb ^ejiobck. The delegation consists of five members. <> BOHTH BO BKVC. To get to like. BOHTH B MOAy. To become fashionable. BOHTH B AOBepiie K KOMy- -JiH5o. To win somebody's confidence. adv. yesterday Bnepa 6biJio XOJIOAHO. It was cold yesterday. BHEPAfflH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -lie yesterday's BneparnHflfl raseta. Yesterday's paper. BT>E33KA Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. K y A a? / P- B'bexaTb, BT>eAly, -enib, -yt to drive (into) Bi>exaTb B ropoa- To drive into a town. B'bexaTb Ha ropy. To drive uphill. BT>EXATb see BT>E33KATb Bbl pron., gen., ace., prepos. sac, dat. BaM, instr. samh Ilporay sac, j^aafe MHO KHiiry. Will you kindly give me the book?

27 BLIB 23 BblH BbIEHPA Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. K o r 6? H T o? / p. Bbi6paxb, Bbi6ep y, -emb, -yx to choose, to select BbiSpaxb cnennajibhocxb. To choose a speciality. BbiGpaxb 6jiroAp. To choose a dish. BbiSpaxb jiy^ninx CHOpXCMeHOB H3 HHCJia CXyACHXOB. To select the best sportsmen among the students. BKlEOPbl pi., no sing, elections Bi>i6opu B napjiamcht. Elections to the Parliament. Bce66inHe, pabhbie H npflmbie Bbi6opbi. Universal, equal and direct elections. BbIEPACbIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? H T o? KyAa?/ p. Bbi6po chxb, -my, -CHIHB, -cax to throw out BbiSpocHXb HenyjKHbie 6yMam. To throw oat the unnecessary papers. BKlEPATb see BblEHPATb Bb'IBPOCHTb see BblBPACblBATb Bb'IBECTH see BblBOJJfiTb BlilBO/J m. conclusion CAeJiaxb npabhjibhbiii BHBOA. To draw the right conclusion. BblBO/jflTb, BblBOJKy, BblBOAHfflb, BbiBOAHT imp. KOTO? H T o? / p. BbiBeicxH, -fly, -Aemb, -Ayx, past BbiBejr, -a, -o, -M 1. to take out. BbiBecTH jioma^eh Ha nporyjiky. To take the horses for a walk. 2. to remove. BbiBecTH HHTHO na KOCTiOMe. To remove a stain from a suit. <0* OH BiJBeji MeHH H3 ce6a. He put me beside myself. imp. to look Ona xopomo BbirjiHAHT. She looks well. B&rHATb see BblFOHIlTb BbirOHIl Tb, -ro, -enib, -ror imp. KOTO? otky^a? / p. BbimaTb, BwroH H), -Hmb, -HT to turn out H ero Bb'irHajiBOH. / turned him out. BblflAlBATb, -ro, -enib, -roi imp. HTO? KOMy?//>. BWAaTb, BbiAanib, BbiAacT, BbiA a AHM, 1. to give out. BbiAaxb KHHTH. To give bocks out. 2. to give away, to betray. Ero ""ajih. He was betrayed, see BblAABATb BblE3HCA Tb, -10, -emb, -JOT imp. I p. BbiexaTb, BweAly, -emb, -yx to leave, to drive out Mamnna Bbiexajia HS rapawa. The car drove out of the garage. Bbiexaxb HS ropoaa. To leaie town. BKJEXATb see BbIE33KATb Bb'I3BATb see Bbl3bIBATb Bbl3AOPABJIHBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. I p. Bbi3AopOBe xb, -ro, -emb, -rox to recover MOH 6pax BbiaAOpOBCJi. My brother has recovered. Bbi3AOpaBJiHBaHxe! Get well! BKl3#OPOBETb see BbI3^0PABJIH- BATb Bbl3bIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? / p. BW3Baxb, Bbi30B y, -emb, -yx to call out Bbi3Baxb cxyaenxa K AOCKC. To call out a student to the blackboard. Bb'IHrPATb see BblfiFPblBATb BblflrPbIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. HXO? y KOTO?//?. Bb'mrpa xb, -ro, -emb, -rox 1. y KOTO? to win. Bbinrpaxb y Apyra napxnro B maxmaxw. To win a game of chess from a friend. 2. to win. Bwnrpaxb Mainimy. To win a motor-car. Bb'IHTH see_ BblXO^flTb BblKJIIOMAlTb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. q x o? I p. BbiKjrronlHxb, -y, -iimb, -ax to switch off BbiKJironnxb CBex. To switch off the light. Bb'IKJUO^HTb see BblKJIIOHATb Bb'IJTEHHTb see JIEHHTb BbIJIHBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. oxkyaa? KyAa?//>. Bbi- Bbijib ro, -euib, -rox; imper. to pour out BbiJiHXb BOAy H3 cxakaha. To pour water out of a glass. BbiJiHXb MOJIO- KO B Kacxprojiio.. To pour milk into a saucepan. Bb'IJlHTb see Bb'IMblTb see Bb'IMblTbCH see BblJIHBATb MblTb Mb'ITbCH BblHHMAjTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. HXO? oxnyaa? / /?. Bbmlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to take out Bbmyxb njiaxok HS KapMana. To take a handkerchief out cf one's pocket. Bb'IHYTb see BblHHMATb

28 Bbin 24 HI, IX Bb'IIlHCATb see BblllfiCblBATb BbinflCbIBA Tb, -10, -erab, -IOT imp. HTO?//?. Bbinn catb, -my, -inerai>, -rayt 1. H T o? o T K y A a? to copy out. Bb'miicaTb mitaiy H3 KHIIFH. To copy out a quotation from a book. 2. to subscribe. Bb'inncaTb jkyphajiu H raaenu. To subscribe to magazines and newspapers. BbinHcaib penent 6oJibHOMy. To write a prescription for a patient. BblDHTb see HHTb BbHIOJIHEHHE neut. fulfilment BMnoJiHemie ruraim. The fulfilment of a plan. Bb'inOJIHHTb see BblllOJlHtfTb BbIIIOJIHfl Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. H T O? / p. BLinOJlH HTb, -K), -Hmb, -HT to carry out, to fulfil BbinojiHHTb 6ojibrayio pa6oty. To carry out a great work. Bi.inoJiHHTb MecH^HbiH njian. To fulfil a monthly plan. BblliyCKAITb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp. K o r 6? H T o? / p. Bbiny cthtb, -my, -CTHUIb, -CTHT 1. to let out. BbinycTHTb ntiiiiy 113 KJieTKH. To let the bird out of the cage. 2. to turn out. BbinycTHTb cnenna- JIIICTOB. To turn out specialists. 3. to turn out. BwnycKaTb npo- AVKIUIK) BbicoKoro Ka^ecTBa. To turn out high-quality products. Bb'inyCTHTb see BblllYCKATb BblPAH^EHHE neut. expression 1. MHTepecHoe BbipameHne. An interesting expression. 2. Bi>ipa>KeHne Jinua. Expression. Bb'IPACTH see PACTfl BbICOK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form BHCOK, BbicoK a, -6, -H; adv. BHCO- KO; com p. Bbime 1. tall. BbicoKHH AOM. A tall house. BMCOKHH qejioben. A tall man. 2. fig. bigh. BbicoKHH yposenb HCH3HH. A high living standard. BbicoKaH TCMnepaTypa. A high temperature. BbicoKOe A^BJleHHe. High pressure. BbicoKHH rojioc. A high voice. BblCOTA /. height BoJibmaa BbicoTa. A great height. B BbicoTy. High jumping. CTO MCTpOB B BblCOTy. A building a hundred metres high..zjepefio BbicoTO/i B jiechtb MeTpos. A tree ten metres high. Bb'ICTABjKA /., gen. pi. -OK exhibition BbicTaBKa jiocthhcehhif HapoflHoro xosflhctba. The Exhibition of Economic Achievement. Bb'ICTPEJliHTb, -ro, -Hrab, -HT p. to fire BbicTpejiHTb 113 nnctojieta. a pistol. To fire BbICTynA Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp./ p. BwcTylnHTb, -njiio, -OHnib, -DHT 1. to speak. BbicTynHTb na co6pahhh. To speak at a meeting. BwcTynuTb c pe^bk). To make a speech. 2. to appear. BwcryniiTb B iviabhoh pdjih. To appear in the principal role. BblCrVriHTb see BblCTYnATb BbK TynJIEHHE neut. 1. speech. BbiCTynjienne The delegate's speech. HH6 MHHHCTpa IIHOCTpaHHblX RBJI no TeJieBH^eHMio. The foreign minister's appearance on television. 2. performance. BbiCTyiiJieHiie ap- THCTOB. The actors' performance. Bb'ICIDIMfl, -ah, -ee, -ne 1. higher, superior 2. highest, supreme <C> Bhicmee o6pa30bamie. Higher education. Bucmiiii opran BJiacxn. The supreme organ of power. Bb'ITAH],HTb see TAIUfiTb, 2 Bb'ITEl ETb see BblTHPATb BblTHPA Tb, -to, -eiub, -IOT imp. q T o? / p. BbiTepeTb, BbiTply, -emb, -yr, past Bb'iTep, -Jia, -Jio, -JIM to wipe BhiTepeTb pykh H jnmo HOJIOT^H-- nem. To wipe one's hands and face with a towel. see Bb'IXOA m. exit Bf.'ixoA H3 MCTpo. The exit from tht underground station. BbixoA us napna. The exit from a park. BblXOJJfiTb, Bbixowy, BbixoAHmb, BbixoAHT imp. o T K y A a? / p. Bbin- TH, BbiHAly, -emb, -yt, past BUraeji, Bbimji a, -o, -H to go out BblXOAHTh H3 KOMHaTbl. To go Out of the room. BHHTH H3 KJiacca. To go out of the classroom. <> BbiflTH H3 TepneHHH. To lost patience. BWHTH cyxhm HS

29 BblX 25 To come off unscathed. Bbrimi H3 ce6a. To lose one's temper. BbIXOAH 6fl, -aa, -oe, -we free Bbixo;iHOH AGHb. A day off. fl ce- BbixoAHOH. / am free today. r, TA3 m. gas BoflOpoA JierKHH raa. Hydrogen is a light gas. Y nac upobejiii raa. They laid on gas in our house. TA3 ETA /. newspaper Hnxaxb raaexy. To read a newspaper. CerOAHflmHaa rasexa. Today's newspaper. TAJICTYK m. (neck)tie Sasa.iaxb rajicxyn. To tie one's tie. EiioHepCKHH ra-ncxyk. A Young Pioneer's scarf. TACflTb, raniy, racnoib, racax imp. HTO?//>. noracwxb, noraray, nora- CHmb, noracax to switch off, to put out FacMXb CBeT. To switch off the light. HoracHXb Kocxep. To put out a fire. TACTrOHOM m. provision shop Kynwxb npoavkxbi B raoxponome. To buy foodstuffs at a provision shop. 1. adv. where. T^e BBI pagoxaeie? Where do you work? Ffle BLI >KH- Bexe? Where do you live? 2. asconj. where. JJoM, r#e a >KHBV, nocxpoen B DTOM ro^y. The house in which I live was built this year. HHEyjJb adv. somewhere fl 6yay r.ae-hh6yai> s^ecb. / shall be somewhere here. Tflfi-TO ado. somewhere MM c BaMH rae-t We have met somewhere. TEHHAJlbHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -we of genius HleKcnnp rchrajtbhwh anrjirih- CKHH ApaMaxypr. Shakespeare is a great English dramatist. FeHHaJTbHoe npoh3bea6hhe. A work of genius. reorpaohheckihfl, -afl, -oe, -He geographic(al) Feorpa^u^ecKHH axjiac. A geographical atlas. BeJiMKHe reorpa^fine- CKne oxkpwxhh. The great geographical discoveries. V^nxbCH Ha reo- ^anyjibxexe. To study in the geography department. TEOrPAcfcHfl /., o pi geography Onsw^ecKafl reorpa( )HH. Physical geography. 3KOHOMHHerKaa reorpa- Economic (j)tia. geography. TEOJlOr m. geologist Btrxb reojiorom. Tn be a geologist. repofl4eck Hfl, an, -oe, -He heroic TepOHHecKHH xpya. Heroic labour. FepoHHecKafl 6opb6a.//e/-oic struggle. TEPOfl m. 1. hero. FepoH BOHHW. A war hero. 2. hero. FjiaBHLin repdii pomaea. The hero of the novel. 3. hero. Fepdn xpyaa. Heroes of labour. rflbhiytb, -y, -euib, -yx, past rn6, -jia, -Jio, -Jin imp. ox Hero?/ p. noni6h yxb, -y, -euib, -yx BO BpCMfl BXOpOH MHpOBOH BOHHLI norw6jih MHJIJIHOHU JiK);ieH. Millions of people died in the Second World War. ^epenbfl rnsnyx ox Mopo^a. Trees perish with cold. THMHACTHKA /., no pi. gymnastics VxpeHHaa rhmhacxhka. Morning p. t. exercises. CnopXHBnafl rumhacxhka. Sports gymnastics. ^ejiaxb THMHacxHKy. To do p. t. exercises. SanMMaxbCfl rhmiiacxhkoh. To practise gyjnnastics. r/iabbi head Fjiaea AeJierannn. The head of the TJIABA 1 /., pi. delegation. FjiaBa npaowxejibcxba. The head of the government. <> CxoflTb BO rjiabe qero-jih6o. To be at the head of something. TJIABA 2 /., pi. rjiaeu chapter nepbaa rjiasa. The first chapter. rjiabh blfl, -afl, -oe, -tie principal, chief, main FjiaBHMH Bonpoc. The principal question. FjiaBHbiH peaanxop. Editor-in-Chief. FjiaBHbia Bpa i i. Head physician. rjiai.o.htb, -TKJ, -AHfflb, -AHX imp. I p. norjiajahxb, -my, -Annib, -Aflx 1. ^ x o? ICM? to iron, to press. FjiaAHXb py6amky yxiorom. To iron a shirt. 2. KOTO? HXO? no q e M y? to stroke. FjiaAHTb pedenna no rojione. To stroke the child's head. TJlA,HK Hfl, -aa, -oe, -He smooth

30 FJIA 26 roji noeepxhocxb. A smooth surface. FJIA3 m., prepos. o rjiaae & B rjiaay; pi. rjraaa, rjiaa eye BojibraHe rjiaaa. Big eyes. <0 3io cjiyhhjiocb iia iiamiix rjiaaax. It happened before our eyes. IlycTHTb iibi.n. B ivia.'ia. To cut a dash. FoBOpHTb npao;iy B r.iaaa. To speak the truth to one's face. FoBOpHTb c rjiaay na rjiaa. To talk confidentially. HATH Kya rjiaaa rjiflaht. To follow one's nose. CAe.iaxb 6o.iiuiHC rjiaau. To make big eyes. depth Ha rjiysime cxa MexpOB. At a depth FJiyEHHA /. of one hundred metres. IHaxxa rjiy- 6HHOH B XpHCXa M6XpOB. A pit three hundred metres deep. <> B rjiygnne ca^a. In the heart of the garden. Hfl, -an, -oe, -lie, short form K, rjiy6ok a, -6, -H; adv. rjiy- 6oKo; com/?. rjiy6>ke 1. deep. FjiySonaH pena. A deep river. 2. fig. profound. Fjiy66KHii ym. Profound intellect. Fjiy6oKoe nyb- CTBO. Deep feeling. rji^niblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue, short form rjiyn, rjiyiia, rjiyn o, -LI; adv. rjiyno stupid, foolish Fjiynbiii nejiosek. A stupid man. FJiynan Mbicjib. A foolish idea. OH noctynwji rjiyno. He acted foolishly. rjiyx Ofl, -afl, -oe, -ae, short form rjiyx, rjiyxa, rjiyx o, -n; adv. rjiyxo 1. deaf. TjiyxoH ^CJiOBeK. A deaf person. 2. fig. out-of-the-way. Fjiyxon ii. An out-of-the-way region. b,^-?ky, -AHrab, -HT imp. na KOTO? na HTO? BO HT 6?/ p. to look -H?y, riorjirflm na Hero I Look at hunt Fjifl^eTb B OKHO. To look out of the window. TRET m., no pi. yoke, oppression HaxoflWTbCH no/j THCTOM saboebaxe- Jiea. To be under the yoke of the conquer ers. TOBOl'lflTb, -K), -Hinb, -HT imp. ^ T 0? O K 6 M? O H C M? K M y? C KCM? - 1. p. CKaaaxb, ckawy, CKawyx K o M y? to speak, to tell, to say. fl CKaaan omy npas^y. / told the truth to my father, fl robophji oxny 06 axom. / told Father about it. FoBOpaxe rpomne. Speak louder. CKa>KHxe HC- CKOJibKO CJIOB o MOCK Be. Say a few words about Moscow. 2. p. noroboprixb or has no p. aspect c K e M? to speak, to talk (1) fl robopro c apyrom o er<5 cecxpe. / am speaking with my friend about his sister. fl norobophji c OXHOM na 3xy xemy. / had a talk with Father on that subject. (2) fl robopio no-pycckh. / speak Russian. OH He robopnx no- ^ahrjihhckh. He doesn't speak English. m., prepos. B rofly & o roe; pi. roati & rojta 1. year. YqeSHbiH ro,u. School year, academic year, fl poa^jich B 1941 roay. I was born in gen. pi. jiex year. CnoJibKo BaM Jiex? How old are you? MHC 20 Jiex. / am 20 years old. Mne 23 rofla. / am 23 years old. IlpofflJio 4 ro^a (5 Jiex). 4 (5) years passed. <C> C HoBbiM TOAOM! A Happy New Year! FOJIOBA /., ace. rojioby; pi. rojiobbi, rojiob, rojiobam, etc. head y MCHH 6oJiHx rojiosa. / have a headache. <0> CseTJiaH rojiofia. A bright head. HycTaa rojiosa. An empty head. IIOBecHTb rojioby. To hang one's head. IIoTepflTb TO^OB^. To^ lose one's head. Mne npiiiiuiu B rojiosy Mbicjib. An idea occurred to me. Mne npnnuio B rojioby. It occurred to me. m., no pi. hunger IIoHyBCXBOBaxb rojioa. To feel hungry. VMepexb c rojioy. To die of hunger. JlO^HIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form rojioaen, rojioaha, rojioah o, -bi 1. hungry. FOJIOAHMH nejiobek. A hungry person, fl rojioaeh. / am hungry.

31 TOJI 27 TOP 2. only complete form starving. FoJioflHan CMepxb. Starvation. rcjioc m., pi. -a 1. voice. HMSKHH rdjioc. A low voice. BHCOKHH rojioc. A high voice. JlHmrixbCH rojioca. To lose one's voice. 2. vote. FOJIOC HsGnpaxejia. The vote of an elector. rojioqobatb, -yio, -yemb, -yrox imp. 3 a KOTO? 3 a H x 6? n p 6- THB KOTO? npothb Hero?/ p. nporojiocjobaxb, -yio, -yenib, -yrox to vote FoJiocoBaxb sa KanflimaTa B ffenyxaxbi. To vote for a candidate. FoJIOCOBaXb npoxhb pe30jik)n;hh. TO vote against a resolution. rojiybiofl, -aa, -oe, -we light-blue FoJiySoe ne6o. A light-blue sky. FojiySbie rjiaaa. Blue eyes. rojiyb B m., gen. pi. -en dove, pigeon Jlexax rdjiysn. The doves are flying. roji Wfl, -aa, -oe, -me naked, bare Fo-Jiaa cntraa. A naked back. Fdjiwe AepeBba. Bare trees. FOPA /., ace. ropy; pi. roptr, rop, ropam, etc. mountain, hill BbicoKan ropa. A high mountain. }K0Tb B ropax. To live in the mountains. Ha ropax Jienuh1 ceer. There is snow on the mowitains. TypncTbi B3onura na ropy. The tourists climbed the mountain. <> He a a ropamii. Close at hand, not far away. ropa3,h;o adv. much, far Fopasjio Jiynme. Far better. Fopaao 6tiCTpee. Much faster. Fopa.iflo ymhee. Much cleverer. FopaaAO MeHbme. Much smaller / less,, -flninbch, -HT- CH imp. KCM? Hew? to be proud Fop^HTbCH ycnexamh. To be proud of one's success. Fop:iHTbCH p6#h- HOH. To be proud of one's country. P^IWfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form ropfl, ropfla, rop^o, rop^u; adv. rop^o proud FopAUH HeJioBeK. A proud person. Fopflan ^ebynika. A proud girl. A proud air. POPE neut., no pi. misfortune y nero 6oJibtn6e rope. A great mis~ fortune befell him. TOPIETB, -K), -i-inib, -ax imp. 1. p. crop eib, -16, -Hrab, -HT to burn. FopHT cse^a. A candle burns. FopHT Aposa. Firewood burns. FopiiT flom. The house is on fire. 2. no p. to burn. B KOMHaxe ropnr CBex. There is a light in the room. 3. fig. to shine, to sparkle. Fjiaaa y nero ropar OT paaocth. His eyes are shining with joy. ropjio neut. throat y MeHfl SOJIHT ropjio. / have a sore throat. roph LlH, -an, -oe, -tie 1. mountain. Fopnue Mountain tops. Bepmimbi. 2. mining. Fdpnan npombimjieh- HOCTb. The mining industry. FopHbiH HHCTHTyr. A mining institute. ropo/j m., pi. -a city, town KpynHbiH npombiinjiehhbih ropoa- A large industrial city. B ropofle MHoro canob. There are many gardens in the city. <> Iloexaib aa ropoa. To go to the country. ropo/jck Oft, -an, -oe, -iiecity, town FopOflCKOH TpancnopT. City transport. FopOACKoH ca^. A city park. ropbk Hfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short form ropek, ropbka, ropbkjo, -H; adv. ropbko 1. bitter. FopbKoe jiokapcibo. A bitter medicine. 2. fig. bitter. FopbKan npab^a. The bitter truth. FopbKHe CJieabi. Bitter tears. FopbKO njiakaxb. To weep bitterly. roph Hfi, -aa, -ee, -ne, short^ form rophh, -a, -6, -K; adv. ropnio 1. hot. FopaHHH cyn. Hot soup. 2. fig. ardent. FopaHaa JiK)6oBb. Ardent love. Fopri^HH nphbex. Warm greetings. FopH^o cnopnxb. To have a heated argument. 3. fig. hot. FopaHHH xapakxep. A hot temper. 4. fig.: FopflHee BpeMH. A busy time.

32 roc 28 TPA FOCnO,HfiTI m., pi. rocnoaa, rocnoa, rocnoasm, etc. gentleman; used in addressing people Mr. FOCHOAHH VOTCOH! Mr. Watson! FOCTEIIPHflMHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we hospitable FocTenpiiHMHtiH X03HHH. A hospitable host. FocTenpHHMHaH cipana. A hospitable country. FOCTflHHIJA /. hotel Mbl OCTaHOBHJIHCb B rocthhhue. We put up at an hotel. HoBaH ro- CTiiHiina. A new hotel. FOCT b m., gen. pi. -en guest, visitor JKeJiaHHtiH roctb. A welcome guest. MHocTpaHHbie rocth. Foreign visitors. <v> HATH B roctii. To go on a visit. BbiTb B rocthx. To be on a visit.. ah, -oe, -tie state FocyAapCTBeHHtiH CTpofi. A state system. FccyAapCTBeHHbie rpanuijm. State frontiers. FocyAapcxBeiraafl nc.jihthka. A state policy. Moc- KOBCKHH rocyaapctbehhbih ymibepciiiet. Moscow State University. FOCyjjAPCTBO neut. state; country B 3TOM rocyaapctbe JKHBCT 15 MHJI- JIHOHOB qejioben. The population of this country is 15 million. FOTO BHTb, -BJiK), -BHmb, -BHT imp. K o r 6? H T o? 1. p. nphroto BHTb, -BJIK), -BHUlb, -BHT to prepare. FoTOBHTb ypoit. To do a lesson. FoxoBHTb o6ea- To cook dinner. 2. p. noaroto BHTb, -BJIK>, -BHrab, -BHT to prepare. FoxoBHTb cnemiajinctob. To train specialists. FOTOBHTb yhehhkob K 9K3aMeHy. To prepare pupils for an examination. roto BHTbCH, -BJiiocb, -BiimbCH, -BHTCH imp. K qemy? & -f- inf. / p. nphfotolbhtbch, -BJIIOCb, -BHfflb- CH, -BHTCH lo prepare, to get ready CTyACHT rotobhtch K 3K3^MeHy. The student is preparing for an examination. CnopTCMCH npnroto- BHJICH npwrhytb B BOAy. The sportsman got ready to jump into the water. rotobjblfl, -an, -oe, -me, short form rotob, -a, -o, -EJ K HCMy? na HTO? & -\-inf. 1. ready. YqemiK TOTOB K 9K3a"Meny. The pupil is ready for his examination. 2. ready. OH scer^a TOTOB nomd^b TOBapumy. He is always ready to help a friend. FOTOBWH na nofl- BHF. Ready to perform a feat. 3. ready. 06e*A TOTOB. Dinner is ready. <> FoxoBoe njiaxbe. A ready-made dress. rpa/jyc m. 1. degree. TepMOMexp nokaahbaer HHTb rpaaycob HHTKO Hyjm (Bbime nyjia). The thermometer shows five degrees below zero fabove zero). 2. degree. Yroji B 45 rpaaycos. An angle of 45 degrees. m. p i, 1. citizen. Fpa>KAaHUH CoBexcKoro Goioaa. A citizen of the Soviet Union. 2. used in addressing people Sir. cia, TAe HaxoAHTCH Teajp? Sir, will you kindly tell me where the theatre is? rpa3k#ahck Hfl, _ ahf _ oe>. He civil, civic FpawAancKHH AOJir. One's civic duty. <> FpaHwaiicKafl jjoiiiui. A civil war. FPAMM m. gramme CeMbcoT rpammob c^xapa. Seven hundred grammes of sugar. TPAMMATMKA /. grammar FpaMMaTHKa pycpkoro H3biKa. A Russian grammar. TPAMOTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form rpamotch, rpamothja, -o, -H; adv. rpamotiio literate FpaMOTHbiH HejiOBCK. A literate person. IXncaTb rpamotho. To write literately. FPAHimA /. frontier; boundary FocyAapCTBeHHafl rpahhha. A state frontier. <0 /KIITI, aa rpaenueii. To live abroad. Yexaxb aa

33 TPE 29 TPH To go abroad. TIpnexaTb ns-sa rpa- IIMHI>I. To come from abroad. rpelmetb, -MJiro, -MLtmb, -Max imp. to thunder FpeMHT rpom. It thunders. FPEjTb, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. ^TO? / p. corpelxb, -ro, -emb, -roi 1. to give out warmth. Ocenbio COJIHHe CB6THT, HO MdJIO TpeGT. In autumn the sun is bright but not very warm. 2. to be warm. ITajibio xopomo rpeet. The overcoat is very warm. 3. to warm. Fpexb pykh na or- HCM. To warm one's hands over the fire. 4. p. narpeltb, -ro, -einb, -IOT to warm. Harpeib BOAY AO 40 rpa- AycoB. To warm the water to 40 degrees. FPHB m., gen. -a mushroom Ha6paib MHOTO rpusob. To gather a lot of mushrooms. EeJibiH An edible boletus. rpn6. TPHIin m. influenza Bojieib rpwnnom. To be ill with the 'flu. V Hero THJKe'jiaa $6pMa rpnnna. He has a bad attack of the 'flu. OCJI07KH6HHH HOCJI6 rphhna. Complications after the 'flu. FPO3A /., pi. rpo3bi thunderstorm Ha^aJiacb rpoaa. A thunderstorm broke out. JTeroM nacto 6biBaiOT rpoabi. Thunderstorms often occur in summer. rpom m. 1. thunder. SarpeMeJi rpom. It started thundering. 2. fig. storm. TpOM anjioahcmen- TOB. A storm of applause. rpomajjhiblfl, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form rpoma/ien, rpomaan a, -o, -w huge, enormous om. A huge house. Fpoycnex. An enormous success. FPOMKlHfl, -ah, -oe. -ne, short form rpomok, rpomka, rpomk o, -H; adv. rpomko; comp. rp6\ne loud FpOMKHH 3ByK. A loud sound. FpOMKHH rojioc. A loud voice. FpoM- KHH CMex. A loud laughter. PaarosapHBaTb rpomko. To speak loudly., -ah, -oe, -bie, short form rpy6, rpy6a, rpy6 o, -H; adv. rpy6o 1. coarse. Fpy6aa mepcib. Coarse wool. 2. rude. FpySbifi qejiosek. A rude person. Fpy6oe othomehhe. A rude attitude. FpyCo OTBCTHTb. To reply rudely. OH o^enb rpy6 c TOBapnmaMH. He is very rude to his friends. 3. erross. Fpy6aa orah6ka. A gross mistake. /., prepos. Ha rpyah chest; breast <> KopMHTb peoeiika rpyabio. To nurse (suckle) a child. TPySOBHK m., gen. -a lorry K AOMy noa^exaji rpyaobhk. A lorry drove up to the house. rpynria /. group B Hamen TypiicTCKOH rpynne cemb HeJiOBCK. There are seven people in our tourist group. Fpynna AeeyuieK. A group of girls. TPyiCTHTb, -my, -cinuib, -CTHT imp.- o KOM? o ^CM? no KOMy? no H e M y? to miss, to be sad FpycxHTb o Toeapiime. To miss a friend. FpyciHTb o cembe. To miss one's family. TPyCTHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form rpyctch, rpyctna, rpycxh o, -ti; adv. rpyctho sad FpycTHMH HeJiObeK. A melancholy man. FpycTHoe JIHU.O. A sad face. FpycTHan HCCHH. A sad song. Mne rpyctho. / feel sad. 1. pear. KynnTt HecKOjibKO rpyra. To buy some pears. 2. pear-tree. B HaineM caay pacxyt rpynm. There are pear-trees in our orchard. rpfl3h blk, -aa, -oe, -we, short form rpnaeh, rph3ha, rpaanlo, -H; adv. rpa3ho 1. muddy. FpHSHaa yjinna. A muddy street. 2. lit. & fig. dirty. FpaaHaa py- 6amKa. A dirty shirt. FpasHaH pa6ota. Dirty work. FpaaHbiH noctynok. A dirty deed. OH Hanncaji rpaaho. He wrote carelessly. FPH3b /., prepos. B rpnari & 6 rpfi- 3H, no pi.

34 ryb mud. Ha yjrane rph3t. It's muddy in the street. 2. dirt. FpH3b Ha BopoxHHKe*. Dirt on a collar. /., pi. ry6ti, ry6, ry6am, etc. lip KpacHXb ry6bi. To make up one's lips. ryjlh TB, -K>, -erab, -K>T imp. /p. noryjmjxb, -ID, -enib, -K>T to walk Fyjiaxb c pe6ehkom. To go for a walk with a child. Fyjiaxb B To walk in the forest. Jiecy. ryct Ofl, -an, -de, -Me, short form rycx, rycxa, rycxjo, -H; adv. rycxo; com/?, ryme 1. thick, dense. Fycxbie BOJIOCBI. Thick hair. Fycxoii nee. A thick forest. /JepeBbH pacxyx rycxo. The trees grow thick. 2. thick. FycToii MCA. Thick honey. Fycxaa CMexana. Thick sour cream. 3. dense. FVCTOH xyman. A dense fog. FycioH AUM. Thick smoke. ryc B m., gen. pi. -en goose JKapeHLiH rycb. A roast goose. 3uecb MHoro rycen. There are many geese here. #A particle 1. yes. 3xo TLI?,E(a, STO a. "7s that you?" "Yes, it's me." 2. translated by the Imperative. Ra 3ApaBCTByex Mnp na aemjie! Long live peace on Earth! #A BATb, -K), -enib, -rox imp. KOTO? H T o? K o M y? H e M y? / p. jjaxb, flan, aarnb, ^acx, fla^hm, ^aahte, jiaayx, past A&JI, -a, -o, -H to give.zjaxb KHHry xobapnmy. To give a book to a friend. 0- AaTb corjiacne Ha ^x6-jih6o. To give one's consent to something. /JaTI> BO3MOH(HOCTb KOMy-JIHOO CAejiaxb qto-jih6o. To enable somebody to do something. AABJIEHHE neut. 1. pressure. AxMOc$epnoe ^abji^- HHe. Atmospheric pressure. V nerd BticoKoe flabjienne Kposn. He has a high blood pressure. 2. fig. pressure. Onaaaxb Ha HCJioBeKa. To exert pressure on a person. JJABHO adv. 1. long ago. 3xo 6biJio flabho. It was a long time ago. 2. for a long time. H abho He BHfleJi CBoero Apyra. / haven't seen my friend for a long time..hajke particle even OH flgbke He saxoxeji ose^axb. He would not even have dinner. ftajiee adv. further H xak AaJiee (H x. A-)- And so on (etc.). ^AJIEKjHfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form AaJie'K, AaJieK a, -6, -H; adv. AaJieKo; comp. AaJibine distant J^aJieKafl cxpana. A distant country. Exaxfl AaJieKO. To go far. Buxb AaJieKO ox AOMa. To be far from home. -HH, -ee, -ne 1. distant, remote, ^a paii- OHLI. Bemote regions. long.,hajh>hee nyxemecxbne. A long journey. 3. distant. ^ajilhhe POACXBCHHIIKH. Distant relatives. ^AJIBIHE adv. further, on Hnxaiixe, nowajiyncxa, Will you read on, please?. Let's go on. Aapro, Aapnnib, Aapnx imp. KOTO? HXO? KOMy? qem y?/ p. noaapiixb, noaapio, noaapnmb, noaapnx to give (a present) HoAapiixb xobapnmy KHMry. To give a friend a book (as a present). date SHaMenaxeJibHafl Aaxa. A memorable date. flabatb #ATA /. flatb see ^BEP B /., gen. pi. -en door GxeKJiflHHaH ABepb. A glass door. OxKpwxb AB 6pt. To open the door. SaKpwxb AR 6pb. To close the door. BOHXH B ABepb. To come (go) through a doorway. #BfirA TBCH, -rocb, -erabch, -IOXCH or ABHJKembCH, ABtiJKyxca imp./ p. ABi'm yxbch, -ycb, -embch, -yxcfl to move II6e3A ABiiHtexcfl co cnopocxbio 50 KHJiOMexpOB B?ac. The train is moving at a speed of 50 kilometres

35 31 ffeji an hour. JIJBHraxBcfl Bnepeji;. To move ahead. He flbtfraiixecbj Don't move! HJKEHHE neut. 1. movemedt. ^BrnKenne njianex BOKpyr Cojmna. The movement of planets round the Sun. 2. traffic. ^BHJKenHe xpancnopxa. Traffic. Pacnncamie flbhjkchhh noesflob. A railway lime-table. 3. movement. HannoHaJiBHO-ocBo- 6oAHTCJiBHoe ^BHJKeHHe. The national liberation movement. Pa6dnee flbhjkehhe. The working-class movement. ^BHJKeHHe cxopohen- KOB MHpa. The peace movement. see ftboe num. two.hade MyjK^HH. Two men. JjBoe cy- TOK. Two days. #BOP m., gen. -a 1. courtyard. Mamima BtexaJia BO flbop. The motor-car drove into the yard. 2. outside. Ha ABope XOJIOAHO. It is cold outside.,hbop EIJ m.. gen. -na palace KopoJieBCKHH flbopen,. King's palace. <> ^Bopen, KyjibTypw. A palace of culture..hsopei; cnopxa. A sports alace. 3EBOHIKA girl Maj /., gen. pi. -GK (little) KpacMBan girl. ^E^ father MOH A small girl. /., gen. pi. -en girl A beautiful gen. pi. -CK grand- JKHBCT B fl;epebhe. My grandfather lives in the country. -an, -oe, -He duty. flokyphtih span. Duty doctor. ^ejkyphan anieka. Duty chemist's. ^ejkypnbih Marasim. A duty shop. n. a person on duty. KTO ce- TOAHH AeJKypHtiH? Who is on duty today? JJeJKypHHH no 06- metkmthk). The man on duty at the hostel. neut. action..zjefictbhe KHCJIOTLI na TKanb. The action of an acid on material. 2. action. BTH flenctbhh K TOMy, HTO... These actions led to action.,ijehctbhe nponcxoflht B ropoae H. B XIX BOKO. The action takes place in the town of N. in the 19th century. 4. act. B nbece 4 AeacTBHH. There are 4 acts in the play. AEflCTBftTEJIbHO 1. adv. really. OH jjehctbhxejibho 3TO SHaex. He really knows that. 2. par en. word indeed, ^a, AGH- CTBHT6JIBHO, 9TO H}'>KHO. Yes, that's necessary indeed. fteflctbfitejibhoctb /., no pi. reality OG'BeKTHBHafl nehctbmtejibhoctb. Objective reality. ^eacxbhtejibhoctb namiix AHGH. The reality of our time. <> B nescxbhtejibhocth. In reality. ftebctbiobatb, -yro, -yenib, -yrox imp. \. to act. TenepB na^o AGHCXBO- BaxB. Now we must act. 2. to affect. 3xo na MCHH ne AGHcxByex. It doesn't affect me. JJEKAE1 b m., gen. -H December B flekaspe Ha^HHaexcn 3HMa. Winter begins in December. CeroAHH xpeibe AeKa^P^- Today is the third of December. OH npne^et BocBMoro,n;eKa6pa. He will arrive on the eighth of December. JJEKAH m. dean ^ekaii ^HJioJiorM^ecKoro <J>aKyjiBxexa yhhbepcuxexa. The Dean of the Philological Department of the University. flekjiapaljhfl /. declaration.ijekjiapanhh CXOPOHHHKOB Mirpa. A declaration of the peace-supporters. #EJIA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. HXO?/ p. cjjejia xb, -H), -erab, -rox 1. to do. Hxo BBI flejiaexe ceroahfl BenepOM? What are you doing this evening? Mne Heiero AejiaxB. I've nothing to do. H HH- Hero ne flejiaro. / am doing nothing. 2. K o r 6? H x o? K e M? K a K H M? to make. flejiaxb ^exajin. To make parts. 3xo CASJiaJio ero c^acx- JIHBBIM. That made him happy.

36 32 3. to do. Mamiraa ^ejiaer 80 KM B qac. The motor-car does 80 km an hour. <> /Jejiaxb AOKJiaA. To make a report. /Jejiaxb OIIIHOKII. To make mistakes, /Jejiaxb na Myxn cjiotia. Gf. To make a mountain out of a molehill. ^EJIEFAT ra. delegate JJeJierax KOH^epeHqHH. A delegate to a conference. JJEJIErAUHH /. delegation ^ IIpaBrixejibcxBeHHafl /jejieramih. A government delegation. CnopxtiBHan AeJierau,HH. A sports delegation. ^EJIflTb, flejiio, AeJiHinb, ^CJIHT imp. K o r 6? q x o? / p. paalaejiwxb, K), -AeJiHinb, -Aejmx to divide cxpaminy na.use Hacxn. To divide a page into two parts. Pa3AeJitixb 10 na 2. To divide 10 by 2. neut., pi. flejia, A6JI, AeJiaM, etc. business y M6H3 K BaM flcjio. I've got business to discuss with you. <0> BaucHoe ACJIO. An important business. KaK Ae.ia? How are you getting along? On noine'ji no AGjiaM. He went out on business. 3ro ness. qem jjejio? PF/zafs the mat- ne name flejio. It's not your B busi- ter? CflejiaTb qto-nn6ynb Mew^y fle^om. J"o c?o something at odd moments., -an, -oe, -He democratic J^eMOKpaTHqecKHH cxpoh. A democratic system..zjemokpathheckan pecnysjihka. A democratic republic. ftemokpathh /. democracy IloJiHaH AeMOKpaiHH. Complete democracy. flemohctpaimfl /. 1. demonstration.,zjemohctpan;hh COCTO^TCH Ha njionjaflh. The demonstration will take place in the square. 2. showing, presentation. JJeMon- CTpauHH HOBoro ( )^JibMa. The showing of a new film. POH nojiobhhe AHH. In the afternoon. B TeneHHe AHH. During the.hepebhfl /., gen. pi. Aepese 1. village. ^epebha cxo;ijia pery pekh. The village the bank of the river. 2. country(side). JKnxb B To live in the country. /JEPEBO neut., pi. AepeBhn, 1. tree. BWCOKOO A^peBO. tree. 2. only sing. wood. HHJHK peea. wooden A wooden box.. A JJEHb m., gen. AHH day B Hanajie AHH. In the morning. B. At midday. Bo BTOna 6ewas on A tall H3 -aa, oe, -ue wooden house. day. f Hepea 2 AHH. In 2 days. 2 days ago. Ha Next day. BbixoAiioii Aenb. A day off. if. Independence Day. /Jenb pow.whnn. Birthday. OH npiieaex na AUHX. He will come one of these days. Xo^HTb KVAa- -JiH6o qepea ;iein>. To go somewhere every other day. ^EHbFH pi., no sing., gen. A^ner money IIoJiyTiaTb AeHbrn. To receive money. J3 ETiyTAT m. deputy flenyxat napjiamchxa. A member of parliament, riajiara AenyxaTOB. The Chamber of Deputies. Aep>KHmb, Aep- >Kax imp. K o r 6? H x o? to hold nopx^ejib. To hold a bag. pe6e'hka Ha pykax. To hold a child in one's arms, flepaxb pe5e'hka aa pyky. To hold a child by the hand. <> ^epwaxb ce6h B pykax. To control oneself. p. caep>kaxb, CAep>Ky, CAepJKHmb, CAepwax. CAep>Kaxb CJIOBO. To keep one's word. JJEP5KATbCH, Aep>Kycb, Aep>KHmbCH, Aep>naxcfl imp. 3 a H x 6? 1. to hold on. JJep>KaxbCH 3^ py- Ky. To clutch at somebody's hand. JJepraaxbCfl aa nepnjia. To hold on to the handrail. 2. to behave. /JepmaxbCH xpa6po. To behave in a courageous manner.

37 33 /. part MainiiHbi. A part of a machine. />/., gen. aexen, dat. instr. flexbmh, prepos. o sing. pe6enok children KHHTH RJin. flexea. Books for children, y nero //e has two children. flboe jjexen. OXUBI H flexh. Fathers and sons. JJETCKIHH, -aa, -oe, -ne child's, children's.zjexckoe JIHHO. A child's face..zjexckhh xeaxp. A children's theatre. <0> ^exckhit cafl. A kindergarten..hetctbo neut., no pi. childhood B ftexcxse OH JKHJI B flepebhe. He lived in the country in his childhood. JJEDIEBIblfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form Denies, Aernesa, ^eraeb o, -LI; adv. flemebo; com/?. ^euiebjie cheap JJemeBLie Bein,H. Cheap things. Kymixb OBOIH.H ftemebo. To buy vegetables cheap. ftehtejibhoctb /. activity OGmecxBeHHaa AeaxeJibHocxb. Social activity. flhametp m. diameter /JnaMexp Kpyra. The diameter of a circle. JJHBAH m. divan GH^eTb na AHBane. To sit on a divan. MarKHH fthban. A soft divan. Jle^b na AHBaH. To lie down on a divan. #UK HH, -an, -oe, -He 1. wild. RiiKwe jkhbothhe. Wild animals. ^iikhe paciehhh. Wild plants. 2. fig. wild. ^HKHH KpnK. A wild cry. AHKTATYPA /. dictatorship m. diploma AHHJIOM HHH?6Hepa. To receive an engineer's diploma. flhnjiomatflheck Hfl, -an, -oe, -He diplomatic yctahobhtb flhnjiomatlfaeckhe OTHOraeHHH. To establish diplomatic relations. ^HHJiOMaTHiecKHe othorae- HHH MeAy crpanamh. Diplomatic relations between countries. OTPEKTOP m., pi. -a director ^npektop saboaa. The director of a plant. ^npekiop IHKOJIH. The director of a school, head-master. JJHPEDKEP m. conductor (of an orchestra) flhojhiijifiha /., no pi. discipline Co6JHO,n;aTb AHcn,HnjiHHy. To observe discipline. ^HCHHnjraHa na ypone. The discipline at the lesson. ftjlhha /., no pi. length Mepa fljihhbi. A measure of length. IlSMepHTb AJIHHy KOMHaTLI. To measure the length of a room. YJIHna AJIHHOK) B 3 KHJioMexpa. A street 3 kilometres long. HptUKKii B RJIIIny. Long jumping. ^JllIHHlLlfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form AJIHH6H, A^HHHa, fljiehho, AJIIJHHtl 1. long. ^JiMiHHoe najibxo. A long overcoat. 2. long. ^JIMHHLIH nyxb. A long way. 3. only short form AjrimeH, AJiHHH a, -6, -BI too long. IlaJibxo The overcoat is too long. ftjih prep, -\-gen. 1. for. yhe6mikh RJIH. Textbooks for students. Kynnxb HrpymKH AJIH ^exen. To buy toys for children. 2. to. fljih nero axo xnjkejihh yap. It's a heavy blow to him. flhebhhk m., gen. -a diary BecxH AHGBKHK. To keep a diary. fthebhlofl, -aa, -oe, -bie 1. daytime. ^HeBHbie sahaxna. Daytime lessons. 2. day. ^HCBHOH CBCX. Daylight..HHEM adv. in the daytime ^HCM H^apKO. It's hot in the daytime. JJHO neut., no pi. bottom ^HO pekh. The bottom of a river. MopCKoe AHO. Sea bottom. HflTii KO Any. To sink to the bottom. fto prep. -{-gen. 1. to. Ox MOCKBLI #0 Knesa. From Moscow to Kiev, ^oexaxb 30 nehxpa. To go to the centre. ^OH- 2. TH j\o ABepH. To reach the door. till. Ox 2 AC- 5. From 2 till 5. G yxpa Beiepa. From morning till evening. 3. to. Bopb6a AO no6eam. A fight to the victorious end. ^OHHxaxb KHHry AO KOHH.a. To read the book to the end.

38 AOE 34 <> /Kii.iHb flo noiiiibi. Li/e before the war. floeabhtb see ^OBABJlHTb ^OBABJlHlTb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. HTO? nero? I p. Ao6a Birrb, -BJIIO, -BHIDb, -BHT 1. to add.,zjo6abhtb COJIH B cyn. To add salt to the soup. 2. to add.,ho6abhtb neckojibko CJIOB. To add a jew words. JJOEHBAITbCH, -rocb, -embch, -IOTCH, imp. 'i e r 6? / />. Ao6iiTbCH, Ao6b i6cb, -einbch, -I&TCH to strive,zjo6nbatbch ycnexa. To strive for success. JJOEHTbCfl see /JOEHBATbCH ^OEP bih, -an, -oe, -LIC, short form Ao6p, Ao6pa, Ao6po, Ao6pti kind JjoSpbiii HeJioBeK. ^4 kind person. <)> JJoGpbiii Aetib! Good afternoon! 4o6poe y-rpo! Good morning! JIionii Aoftpoii BOJIH. People of good will. ByjjhTe AoSpw. Be so /cmrf. CABjiaTb MTO-jiHGo no AoGpoii BQJIG. To do something out of good will. ^OEbIBA Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. I ITO?//>. AoSbiTb, ASy;j,ly, -ciiib, -yx to extract 4o6biBaib yrojib. To mine coal. AOEblBATb JJOEb'ITb see.h.obephe neut., no pi. confidence, trust OnpaBjaxb AOBepne. To justify somebody's confidence. 3acJiy?KHTb AOBepne. To prove to be worthy of one's trust. JJOBEPHTb see ^OBEPflTb /JOBEPHlTb, -K), -einb, -K)T imp. H TO? K M V? / p. AOBep HTb, -K), -HIDb, -HT 1. no p. to trust. J^ofiepnTb ^pyry. To trust a friend. 2. to entrust. JJoBepHTb Apyry TaHHy. To take a friend into one's confidence. JJOBECTH see AOBOH<y, imp. KOTO? HTO? AO? Ip. AOfiecTif, AOBeAly, -enib, -yt, past AOBCJI, AOBeJi a, -6, -H to lead to (as far as), up to ^OBecTH Koro-HH6yAi> AO KaKoro- Hn6yAi> MecTa. To lead somebody as jar as some place. J^OBOCTH Majib^HKa AO CTaniiHH. To take the boy to the station. <> /JOBeCTH A6JIO AO KOIIIia. TO complete an undertaking. Koro-JinSo AO c.163. To make one cry. AOBOJIbHO 1. adv. rather. Vme AOBOJibiio noaa- HO. It's rather late already. 2. predic. impers. (it is) enough. y>ke nosaho: AOBOJILHO BaM aa- HHMaTbCH. It's already late: you're studied long enough. ^OBOJIbH blfl, -aa, -oe, -we, short form AOBOJien, AOBoJibH a, -o, -bi K e M? H c M? contented, pleased ^OBOJibHbiii BIIA. A contented look. H AOBO^GH TBoeii pa6otoii. / am pleased with your work. see -iocb, -euibch, -IOTCH imp. o HCM?//>. AoraAa Tb- CH^-rocb, -embch, -IOTCH to guess OH AoraAaJicH, o ^M OHH robopiijin, XOTH OHU robopiijin TIIXO. He guessed what they were talking about, though they were talking in low roices..uofhatb see JJOFOHtfTb #OrOBAPHBA TbCH, -iocb, -eiiibcn, -IOTCH imp. o M e M? c KCM? / p. AOrOBOp litbch, -K)Cb, -iinibch, -HTCH to agree, to fix,h,orobopiitbch o BCTpe^e c TOBapnineM. To fix a meeting with a friend. GTpaHbi AoroBopHJiiicb o KyjibTypnoM o6mene Ha cjie^yio- IU.HH roa. The countries agreed about the next year' s cultural exchange. m. treaty, agreement o Apy>K6e H BaaiiMHOH no- MOUI.H. treaty of friendship and mutual aid. MripHbiii Aorosop. A peace treaty. ToproBbiii Aorosop. A trade agreement. 3aKJiK)HHTb MiipHHH AoroBOp. To conclude a peace treaty. XloAnncaTb o Mwpe. To sign a peace treaty. ftorobopfitbch see AO BATbCH florohh Tb, -K), -enib, -TOT imp. KO- TO? ITO? I p. AornaTb, AoroHio, AoroHHmb, AoroHHT, past AorHaJi, -raajilo, -H to overtake y6eraioin,ero HCJiOBena. To overtake a fugitive. OH fig. \\ AOJiro 6oJieJi, HO OH AOFOHHT CBOK> rpynny. He was ill for a long time but he will catch up with the group.

39 AOE 35 AOM, -K), -einb, -IOT imp. AO Hero? I p. Aoexaxb, AoeAly, -enib, -yx to reach Aoexaxb 30 MOCKBH. To reach Moscow. H AoexaJi ox MOCKBH AO Jle- HHHrpaAa sa 8 ^acoe. It took me 8 hours to get to Leningrad from Moscow. OSbFiHO OH jjoesjkaji AO n.ehxpa na afix66yce, a HOXOM me'ji nerakom. He usually went to the centre by bus, and then walked. JJOEXATb see AO3)KATb fto^kftjiflblblft, -aa, -oe, -bie rainy.zjojkajimbah noroaa. Rainy weather. JJOJKAJIHBMH A6Hb. A rainy day. TJo^A-KHBoe jiexo. A rainy summer. m., gen. -H ran AO>KA b - ft rains. IIpoJiHBHoH AO?KAI>. Pouring rain. RowRb Jibex KaK H3 B6Apa. It is raining cats and dogs. MeJiKHH ocehhhh aohcftb. An autumn drizzle. HOA AO>KAGM. In the rain. JJOflTH see ftoxojjhtb,0;oka3atejibctbo neut. proof, evidence CyA*>H xpesobaji AQKaaaxejibcxB. The judge demanded proof (s).,0;oka3atb see flqkasblbatb.hokasblbaitb, -K), -enib, -K>T imp. HTO? KOMy?//?. AQKasaib, AQKa-?Ky, AOKaa^emb, AOKamyx to prove A KaK Bbi AQKa?Kexe, HXO BM npa- Bbi? And how are you going to prove that you are right? ^OKaaaxb axo xpyaho. It's difficult to prove that. m. report AOKJiaA- ^4 scientific report. HnxepecHbiH AOKJIBA- An interesting report. CAGJiaxb AOKJiaA- To make a report. FoxoBHXb AO- KJiaA. To prepare a report. Toxo- BHXbcn K AOKJiaAy- To prepare for a, report. JJ6KTOP m., pi. -a 1. doctor. OnwxHbiH AOKXop. An experienced doctor. HaAQ noasaxb AOKXopa. A doctor must be called. riohxh K AOKXOpy. To go to a doctor. Btixb y ;j<5kto P a - To be at the doctor's. 2. doctor. AOKXOP nayk. A doctor 3* (of science). m. 1. usu. pi. document. AOKyMeHxti. To get the documents. 2. document. 3xo onem, Ba^HtiH AOKyMenx. It is a very important document. HcxopHHecKHH AO- KyMenx. An historical document, m. 1. no pi. duty. 3xo MOH AOJir. It's my duty. BbinoJiHHXb CBOH To do one's duty. 2. pi. AO-Jini debt. Banxb B AOJir. To borrow money. OT- Aaib AOJir. To pay one's debt. Hinexb AOJIFH. To be in debt. V nerd MHoro AOJiroB. He has a lot of debts. <> H SHJI B AOJiry nepea HHM. / was indebted to him. adv. for a long time Aaxb. To wait for a long time. JDKEH, AOJi>Kii a, -6,^ -M 1. must. MM AQJi?KHbi MHoro pa66- xaxb. We must work a lot. EoJib- Haa AOJi>KHa JiejKaxb B nociejih. The sick woman has to keep to her bed. H AOJUKGH noiixri B Marasan. / must go shopping. MBI safixpa AOJI?KHLI 6yA?M Bcxpe- XHXbCH. We shall hare to meet tomorrow. OH AOJHKeH 6uxb 3Aecb B 2 naca. He is to be here at 2 o'clock. 2. to owe. TBI MHe AOJI>KCH 10 py6- jieh. You owe me 10 roubles. m., pi. -a house Ilocxponxb AOM. To build a house. <> #OM Kyjibxypw. A house of culture. /JoM OTAbixa. A rest-home. /JOMA adv. TAG? at home Pa66xaxb AOMa. To work at home. H 6yAy AOMa B 6 ^acob Beqepa. /'// be home at 6 o'clock in the evening. /JOMAfflHIHft, -HH, -ee, -He 1. home. /JoMaiHHHH pa66xa. Homework. ^omaninee aaaanne. A home-task. J] omanihhh A private telephone. 2. domestic..zjomanmne Domestic animals. adv. KyAa? home HAXH AOMOH. To walk home. Exaxb AOMOH. To go home. EocJie pa66xu fl osbihho HA}^ AOMOH. After work I usually go home.

40 flop 36 /. 1. road. HlnpOKaH Aopora. A wide road. 2. way. IIoKaaaxb Aopory. To show 3. the way. journey. B Aopore 6wjio secejio. It was a merry journey, Vcxaxb c Aoporn. To be tired after one's journey. <> SKeJiesHan nopora. A railway. HATH CBOCH Aoporofi. To go one's way. Ho Aopore. On the way. Ho Aopore AOMOH OH KVHHJI rasexy. On the way home he bought a newspaper, ftoporjgfl, -an, -6e, -ne, short form Aopor, Aopora, Aopor o, -H; adv. Aoporo; comp. Aop6>Ke 1. expensive, dear. JJoporon KO- CXIOM. An expensive suit..zjoporaa Me6ejib. Expensive furniture. 2. dear. JJoporon Apyr. Dear friend. 3. cherished, dear. Joporpie BOCHO- MHHaHHH. Cherished recollections. #0 CBHAAHHH see CBHftAHHE ftocka /., ace. AocKy; pi. AOCKH, AO- COK, AOcnaM, etc. 1. board, fty 66 Ban AOCKa. An oak board. 2. blackboard. HucaxB na AOCKe. To write on the blackboard. Gxepext c J^OGKU. To clean the blackboard. <> Kjiaccnafl AOCKa. Blackboard. IIIaxMaTHaa AOCKa. Chessboard. /JocKa noqexa. Roll of honour. ftoctaibatb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. qxo? / p. Aocxajxb, -ny, -nerab, -nyx 1. AO Hero? to reach. ^ocxabaib AO noxojika. To reach the ceiling. 2. to get, to take. ftocxabaxb KHHry c nojikh. To get a book from the shelf. JJocxasaxb njiaxbe H3 nika$a. To take a dress out of the wardrobe. 3. to get. ftocxasaxb 6iuiexbi B KH- HO. To get tickets for the cinema. ftoctatohho 1. adv. enough. Pa66xaib Aocxa- XOIHO AO^ro. To work long enough. 2. predic. impers. (it is) enough, that will do. MHO qnxaxb AaJibme? Hex, flocxaxoiho. "Shall I ft on reading?" "No, that'll do." Tb see floctabatb flocthra Tb, -ro, -emb, -K>T imp. qero? / p. ACTHrH!yxb, -y, -erab, -yx & AOCXMHb, AOCXHrn y, -einb, -yx, past Aocxar, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH 1. to reach. Ajibnirancxbi AOCXHFJIH sepnihhbi ropti. The mountain climbers reached the top of the mountain. 2. to achieve, ^ocxnraxb Gojibnrax ycnexob. To achieve great success. ^ocxhhb npekpachbix peayjibxa- XOB. To achieve splendid results. floctfirhytb see ftoctbtatb AOCTH5KEHHE neut. achievement ^OCXHHteHHH MHpOBOH HayKH. The achievements of world science. AOxoAHmb, AO- ^OXO^flTb, Aoxowy, XOAHX imp. AO KOTO? AO ^ e " rd?v p. AOH XM, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx, /?as^aome'ji, Aomji a, -6, -H to reach, to go as far as.zjohxii AO yhhbepcuxexa. To reach the University. Ox yhhbepchxexa AO o6m;e>kitxhh H Aomeji nemkom. / walked all the way from the University to the hostel. /., gen., dat., prepos. ace. A0 qfc instr.. AO^epbio; pi. nepn, AQ^epeH, Ao^epeM AO^epbMH (AOiepHMH), o AOiepax daughter MJiaAmaa AQHb. The youngest daughter. GpeAHflfl AO^b. The middle daughter. Gxapman AOHb. The eldest daughter., -HH, -ee, -He ancient napoau. Ancient peoples. HCXopHH. Ancient history. namhthhkh apxhxekxypu. Ancient monuments of architecture. -y, -lmb, -ax mp. 1. to quiver. JlncxbH ApoJKax na ^epese. The leaves are quivering on the tree. 2. to tremble, to shiver. ApOKaxb ox xojioaa. To shiver with cold..h.pojkaxb ox cxpaxa. To tremble with Jear. m. t pi. Apysba, Apyaen friend GxapMH APY r An old friend. Ro- - poroh Apyr. A dear friend. Jlro- 6HMbiH Apyr. A very dear friend. Bepeue Apysbfi. Faithful friends. <$ CTapbia Apyr Jiy^rae IIUIIMK eyx (proverb). An old friend is

41 37 better than two new ones. noanaiotch B 6eae (proverb). Cf. A friend in need is a friend indeed. yriofl, -H, -de, -HC 1. different. TBI cxaji flpynim. You've become different. 2. other. ybhflhmca B Apyrdn pas. We'll meet some other time. 3. used as n. other. OAHH nonmif B KHHO, inpyriae B xeaxp. Some went to the cinema, others to the theatre. <> Ha flpyrofi jjehb. The next day. yjkea /., no pl. friendship r EojiBmaa ApyjKSa. A great friendship.,e(p3'jk6a HapdAOB (or: M&Kfly Hapdji;aMH). Friendship between peoples. max zra/?. c KCM? c HCM? to be friends JJpyjKHXB c xobapumamh no HHCXHxyxy. To be friends with one's fellow-students. flpy}kh blfl, -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. 1. friendly, united. ^pyjknafl CCMBH. A united family. JKnxB ApyHmo. To live in friendship. 2. concerted. ^pvhuraa Team work. Pa6dxaxB pa6dxa. To work as a team., -K), -efflb, -IOT imp. qxo? o KOM? o H CM? & -f- inf. Ip. no^y- Ma TB, -K), -erat, -IOT to think H6M TBI jnymaemb? What are you thinking about? HTO TBI aymaenib 06 3TOM? What do you think of that?.djmaio, ^TO OH robopht npab^y. / think he is speaking the truth. H flymaro aahhtbca cndptom. / am thinking of taking up sport. ftypak m., gen. -a fool 1. -K), -emb, -IOT imp. to blow. G MOPH AyeT BeTep. A wind is blowing from the sea. 2. impers.: 3,o;ecB,n;yeT. There is a draught here. m. shower yni. To take a shower. /., ace. aymy; pi. flyran soul <> Xoponio na ayrae. At ease. jtejiatb c flymofi. To put one's heart into something. IIoroBOpHTb no To have a heart-to-heart talk. Iloojiaro^apMTb OT j^yinif. To thank from the bottom of one's heart. Ayma 66m;ecTBa. The life of the party. HIH blfl, -an, -oe, -Bie; adv. Aymno 1. sultry..djmhlih Be^ep. A sultry evening. 2. adv., predic. impers. (to be) suffocating. Mne.nynmo. / am su f. focating. m., no pi. smoke Dense smoke. ryctoii ABIM. <> Hex flbjma 6ea ornfl (proverb). There's no smoke without a fire..hblxahhe neut., no pi. breathing. Deep breathing. imp. 1. to breathe. Fjiy6oKO To breathe deep. JjBiinaxB noji- HOH rpyabio. To breathe deep. TnjKeJid ALiuiaxB. To breathe with difficulty. 2.: BaM Ha^o A^iniaxB CBGJKHM BOS- AxoM. You must get fresh air. m. uncle E, e EFO poss. pron., indecl. his 3xo erd nopx< )ejib. This is his brief-case. 3xa KHiira erd. This book is his. E#A /., no pi. food BKycHaa e^a. Tasty food. EflBA 1. adv. nearly. OH e^ba ycneji Ha ypdk. He was nearly late for his lesson. Ona e^ba He ycnyjia. She nearly fell asleep. 2. co/i/. hardly. E^Ba OH BLimeJi Ha yjinny, nak na^ajich AOJKAB. Hardly had he gone cut into the street when it began to rain. EflfiHCTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie only EAHHCXBeHHHH CUB. An only son. EAMHCxBeHHMH KocxiOM. The only suit. E^flHCTBO neut. unity EAHHCXBO BarJiHAOB. Unity of views. EAHHCXBO xedphh H npakthkh. The unity of theory and practice.

42 38 5KAJI E,H HIIs Mil, -an, -oe, -Me united, single EAHHaa BOJIH. A singh will. EAH- HBIH njiah. A single plan. EE pois. pron., indecl. her, hers 3io ee najibto. This is her coat. 3iH KHHFH ee. These books are hers. E5KEAHEBH bifl, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. e>keahebho daily raaeia. A daily paper. AeJiaTb yxpehhiok) aa-. To do p.t. exercises daily. E3 ^HTb, ->Ky, -AHHib, -AHT imp. 1. to go. Ka>KAbIH A6Hb H C3>Ky B HHCTHTJT Ha xpambae. Every day I go to the Institute by tram. B nponuiom ro^y H ea^hji na KaBKaa. Last year I went to the Caucasus. 2. to ride. H ymeio eaahtb na BG- JiocnneAe. / can ride a bicycle. JI KA /., gen. pi. -OK fir-tree B Jiecy MHoro CJIOK. There are many fir-trees in the forest. <> HoBoroAHflfl CJiKa. New Year tree. ECJIH con/. 1. if. ECJIH a ne 6yAy SOJICH, TO oghaaiejibho npn^y B xeaxp. // / am not ill, I'll certainly come to the theatre. ECJIH XOTHTC, H paccna>ky Batn. // you want, I'll tell you. ECJIH 6M H snaji 06 3TOM panbine, ii 6w ne npuiueji. // / had known this earlier I should not have come. 2. whereas. ECJIH Ha cesepe cipahbi 6 T iehi> XOJIOTJHO, TO Ha rore JKapno. Whereas it is very cold in the north of the country, it is very hot in the south. short ECTfiCTBEHH Mft, -an, -oe, -bie, form ecxectbeh, ectectb6hh a, -o, -bi; adv. eciectbehho 1. only complete form natural. EcTeCTBeHHbie HayKH. Natural sciences. EcTecTBeHHtiH ^akyjib- Ter. Natural science faculty. 2. natural. EcTecTBeHHoe A natural desire. ECTb 1, CM, emb, CCT, efl;vim, CAHTC, imper. emb, euibxe, past eji, ejia imp. I p. CT>ecTb, ctem, ci.enib, CT>eCT, ci>eahm, cte^hte, ci>eat to eat EcTb cyn. To eat soup. Xo^erab ^a, H oqenfa xoiy ecxb. u Are you hungry?" "Yes, I am very hungry." ECTb 2 see BblTb EXATb, e^ y, -eiiib, -yj; imper. noea- >KaH, noe/jem, noeawahte imp. K y- A a? H a q e M? to go Exaxb na napoxoae. To go by ship. ExaTb na TpaMBae. To go by tram. Exaxb na noeaae. To go by train. Exaib Ha abto6yce. To go by bus. HoeAGM na MeTpo! Let's go by the underground! AfiioSyc 6biCTpo 6A6T. The bus is going fast. IlHOHepbi eayt B Jiarepb. The Young Pioneers are going to camp. E1HE adv. 1. more. J^aHxe MHe eme xjie6a. Give me some more bread, fl xoqy KyniiTb KOCTIOM H eme OAHH rajictyn. / want to buy a suit and one more tie. 2. still. OH eme onenb MOJIOA. He is still very young. 3. as much as. OH yexaji eme TOA HaaaA. He left as much as one year ago. 4. still. V nac eme MHOFO BpeMeHH. We still have plenty of time. 5. still. OH cxaji eme Ao6pe9 H Jiyqnie. He became still kinder and better. HTO ne noexaji na akckyp- 5KAJJH blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form H<aAH, HtaAHa, >KaAH o, -H; adv. waaho stingy >KaAHHH nejiobek. A stingy person. 5KAJl Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. / p. no>kajie Tb, -10, -eoib, -K>T 1. KOTO? HTO? to pity. H{aJieTb pesehka. To pity a child. 2. o KOM? o HCM? or followed *i by con]. T o to be sorry. }Kajieib o noxephhuom BpeMeHH. To be sorry for the time lost, fl majieio, CHK). / am sorry I did not go on the excursion. 3. H e r 6? to grudge. >KaJierb Aener. To grudge the money. 3KAJIKO (5KAJIb) adv., predic. impers. KOMy? KOTO? HTO? or Hero?

43 5KAJI 39 5KEH 1. KOTO? HTO?(to be) sorry. MHG jkajiko xe6fl. / am sorry for you. Mne jkajiko cecxpy. / am sorry for my sister. HaM >KaJiKO Hani ciapmh JJOM. We feel sorry for our old home. Mne JKaJiKO noxephhhoro BpeMGHH. I'm sorry for the time lost. 2. followed by conj HXO. JKaJiKO,. HXO xbi ne nphine'ji. It's a pity that you didn't come. 3. Hero? to grudge. EM}' JKaJiKo gener. He grudges the money. JKAJIjOBATbCH, -yrocb, -yembch, -yioxch imp. na KOTO? na qxd? KOMy?//?. no>kaji obaxbch, -yiocb, -yembch, -yroxca to complain JKajiOBaxbCH na Cbma. To complain of one's son. 5KAJIB see 5KAJIKO 5KAPEH blfi, -an, -oe, -tie fried, roast JKapenan Kapxoinna. Fried potatoes. JKapenoe MHCO. Roast meat. 5KAP HTb,-K>, -iiinb, -HX imp. HXO?/ p. no,ipkap HXb, -to, -Hinb, -HX to fry, to roast IIoA>KapHXb KapxdmKy. To fry potatoes. >Kapnxb MHCO. To roast meat. 5KAPK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. JKapKo; com p. jkapne 1. hot. JKapKHH flenb. A hot day. JKapKaH noroaa. Hot weather.?kapkoe Jiexo. A hot summer. 2. adv., predic. impers. (is) hot. Mne HtapKO. / am hot. Cero^HH o^enb jkapno. It's very hot today. CxaJio e^e wap^e. It became still hotter. JKATb, }KM y, -einb, -yx imp. H x o?/ p. nowaxb, no7km\y, -emb, -yx to press, to squeeze IIo>Kaxb KOMy-HH6yn;!> pyny. To shake hands with somebody. HCmATb, -y, -emb, -yx, past JK^aJi, Htflajia, JKA^Jilo, -H imp. KOTO? ^ x o? or ^ e r 6? 1. KOTO? qxo? to wait. /Kaxb flpyra. To wait for a friend. JKflaxb cecxpy. To wait for one's sister. Hfaaxb TpaMBan. To wait for a tram. 2. nerd? to expect. JK/jaxb nncb- Ma. To expect a letter.. To expect help. 5KE (HC) particle 1. emphatic particle: Hxd >Ke xti MOJiHHmb? Why on earth are you silent? Hxd JKC MHC ^ejiaxb? What shall I do? Kxd >Ke anaji, HXO noroaa H3M6HHXCH? Who could know 2. that the weather would change? exactly, very, just, etc. V Menn ecxb xanaa >Ke KHHra, KaK y xe6n. I've got an exactly the same book as you. Ko MHe npnxoahji xdx >Ke span, KOxdpbiH npnxofliiji K xe6e. / was attended by the same doctor as you. B xy we MHHyxy paaflajicfl BBOHOK. At very moment the bell rang. 5KEJIAHHE neut. wish y MCHH 6oJibmde TKeJiaHne CH. / am eager to learn. 5KEJIA Tb, -10, -einb, -iox imp. K o- M y? 'i e M y? nerd? or followed by inf./p. no>kejia xb, -ro, -enib, -iox to wish /Kejiaio BaM c^acxbn, B^opoBbH H SoJibiHHX ycnexob. / wish you happi?iess, good health and great success. >Kejiaio BaM Bcerd Hanjiyqmero. / wish you all the best. >Kejiaio BaM xopomd ox^oxnyxb. / wish you a good rest, fl He HteJiaio HHierd CJiymaxb. / don't want to hear anything. 5KEJIE3H bih, -an, -oe, -we 1. iron. }KeJie~3Hafl Kptima. A metal. roof >KeJie3HaH py^a. Iron ore. 2. fig. iron. JKeJiesnoe a^opobbe. Strong health. }Kejie3Han BOJIH. An iron will. <> JKejieanaa #op6ra. Railway. 5KEJIE30 n., no pi. iron B 3TOH pyae MHoro 5Ke;ie3a. There is much iron in this ore. QueJiaxb Hxd-Hn6yAb H3 JKCJiesa. To make something out of iron. 5KEJIT blh, -an, -oe, -bie yellow >Ke'jixaH KpacKa. Yellow paint. >Ke'jixbifi ijbex. Yellow colour. >Ke'jixoe njiaxbe. A yellow dress. 5KEHA /., pi. >Ke'Hbi wife Moa wena Bpa^. My wife is a doctor. 5KEHAT blh, -bie; short form JKenax, -bi (of men or of a married couple) married JKeHaxbifi HCJiOBeK. A married man. H. He 5K6H3X. I'm not married.

44 JKEH 40 >KYP 5KEHfiTbCH, HHTCH imp. & p. na K 6 M? to marry MOH flpyr JKGHHTCH. My friend is getting married. OH JKGHiijiCH Ha KpacHBOH flebynrae. He married a beautiful girl. p. also HomeHHTbCH, sing, not used, pi. HOJKeHHMCH, notkchhtecb, HOJKe- HHTCH to get married OHH no>kehwjihcb y>ke #abho. They married quite a long time ago. 3KEHCK Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne woman's, women's 66yBb. Women's footwear. International Women's Day. 3KEHmHHA /. woman KpacHsaH JKennniHa. A beautiful woman. 5KEPTBA /. 1. sacrifice. BbiTb TOTOBLIM na JIK>- 6 tie JKepTBti. To be ready to make any sacrifices. To make HpuHOCHTb sacrifices. JKepiBbi. 2. victim. Buxb (cxaib) JKCPTBOH. To be (become) a victim. JKECTKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne wiry, hard }KecTKHe BOJIOCBI. Wiry hair. JKecT- KHH jjhbah. A hard divan. <> JKecTKiifi Baron. Hard-seated railway carriage. /KECT6K HH, -an, -oe, -He 1. cruel. HtecTOKHH nejioben. A cruel person. 2. bitter, severe. JKecxoKaa 6opb6a. A bitter struggle. JKeciOKHH aa- KOH. A cruel law. JKry,?K>Kemb, jkryx, past, >KrJi a, -o, -H imp. KOTO? H T o? / p. cjkchb, cowry, cojkjkemb, co>kryt, past OKe'r, coktrji a, -6, -H 1. to burn. GJKe^b nncbmo. To burn a letter. JKe^b 6eH3HH, KepocHH, yrojib, ApOBa. To burn petrol, paraffin, coal, firewood. 2. fig. to burn. Gojinne JKJK6T. The sun is scorching. Mopoa HOK6T JiHqo H pykh. The frost bites the face and the hands. 5KHB OH, -an, -oe, -we, short form MKHB, JKHBa, JKHB 0, -W, adv. WIIBO 1. alive. 2. living. JKnBaH nphpo^a. Living nature. 3. fig. lively. JKHBOH pe6e'hok. A lively child. JKHBOH ym. Lively wit. 4. living. H\HBOH HSHK. A living language. <> /KiiBi.'ie UBCThi. Natural flowers. 3KHBOT m., gen. -a stomach y MCHH SOJIHT WHBOT. / have a stomach-ache. 5KHBOTH OE neut., gen. -oro animal ^HKHe JKHBOTHbie. Wild animals. ^OManiHHe JKHBOTHbie. Domestic animals. HCflAKjHfl, -a*, -oe, -ne 1. liquid. JKiiAKoe TGJIO. A liquid substance. 2. thin. JKiiflKHH cyn. Thin soup. JKHAKaa cmeiana. Thin sour cream. 5KU/JKOCTB /. liquid Hand^iHHTb cocyfl miiakoctbio. To fill a vessel with a liquid. M3HEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -Lie life }KH3HeHHbiH onbit. Life experience. {H3Hb /. life /KnaHb HeJioBena. Man's life. JKnaHb pactehhh. The life of plants. KaK B03HHKJia }KI13Hb Ha SeMJIG? How did life appear on Earth? TnJKe- JiaH >KH3Hb. A hard life. 06m,ecT- BeHHaH jkhshb. Public life. <> HeJioseK, nojihbiii SKHBIIH. A man full of vitality. Bonpoc MCHSHH H CMepxn. A matter of life and death. EblTb MeJKfly H{H3HbK) II CMepTbH). To be between life and death. SKfiPH blfl, -an, -oe, -ue fat, rich ^ JKnpnoe MHCO. Fat meat. JKapHbiH cyn. Rich soup. JKfiTEJIb m. inhabitant CeJibCKHH >KHTeJib. A countryman. FopOflCKOH jkhtejib. A townsman. CKOJibKo JKHxejieH B ropoae? How many\inhabitants are there in the town? 5KHTb, >KHB V, -emb, -yx, past JKHJI, >KHJia, HHJI O, -H imp. to live ro. To live long.. To live peacefully. xopomo. To live well. H JKHBy B MOCKBO. / live in Moscow. TKnTb CBOIIM ymom. To live by one's wits. 5KHTb HOA OAHOH Kpurnen. To live under the same roof, m. magazine

45 3A 41 SAB 3A prep. I. + instr. 3,3 1. behind, beyond. fflym aa CXCHOH. A noise behind the wall. 3a pe- KOH Jiec. There is a forest beyond the river. 2. at. CnAexb aa CTOJIOM. To sit at the table. 3. after. MATH Apyr 3& ApyroM. To go owe after another. H 3a BaMH. / am after you. 4. at. 3a o6eaom. At dinner. 3a aasxpakom. At breakfast. 5. for. Ilocjiaxb aa spanom. T"o send for the doctor. MATH aa xjie6om. To go to buy some bread. 6. after. Civioxpexb aa pe6enkom. To look after a child. 1. out of, beyond. JKnxb aa ropo- AOM. To live in the country (out of town). II. + ace. 1. behind, out of. IIocxaBHXb Kapxiray aa mka( ). To put a picture behind the wardrobe. Epo- CHTb Hx6-JiH6o aa OKHo. To throw something out of the window. 2. at. GecTb aa CTOJI. To sit down at the table. 3. by. Baaxb Koro-HH6yA B 3a pyny. To take somebody by the hand. 4. before. 3a HecKOJibKO AH6H 30 npneaaa TOBapHma. Some days before the friend's arrival. 5. in. BtmoJiHHTb pa66xy aa He^e- JiK). To do the work in a week. 6. for. BopoxbCH aa Map, aa cbo66- fly. To fight for peace, for freedom. 1. for. SanJiaxrixb aa KOCXIOM. To pay for a suit. Kyiiiixb aa 5 py6- JieH. To buy for 5 roubles. 8. to. Hoea^Ka aa ropofl. A trip to the country. 3ABACTOB KA /., gen. pi. -OK strike 06i>flBHXb aa6acxobky. To declare a strike. 3AEOJIEITB 1, -ro, -emb, -K>T p. HCM? to fall ill 3a6oJiexb rpiinnom. To fall ill with the 'flu. 3a6ojiexb ahthhoh. To fall ill with tonsillitis. 3ABOJIETB 2, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. 3a6oJiiix, aasojiht p. to begin to ache y MCHH aasojiejia rojioba. My head began to ache. care 3ABOTA /. 3a66xa o apyre. Care for a friend. 3AEO THTBCH,^ycb, -XHmbca, -XHX- CH imp. o KOM? o HCM? /p. no- 3a66 XHXbCH, -HyCb, -XHUlbCH, -XHX- CH to take care Maxb aa66xhxch o pese'hke. The mother takes care of her child. 3ABOTJlHB blh, -an, -oe, -Lie thoughtful, careful 3a66xJiHBbiH APyr. A thoughtful friend. 3a66xJiHBoe oxhomemie. A careful attitude. 3ABbIBA TB, -K), -emb, -rox imp./ p. aaswxb, 3a6yfl y, -enib, -yx 1. K r 6? HXO? O KOM?OHeM? or followed by conj. ^ x o or by an inf. to forget. 3a6biBaxb Apyra. To forget one's friend. 3a6t>iBaxb o xobapnme. To forget about one's friend. 3a6bixb npabhjio. To forget a rule. H aagbiji, HXO ceroahfl cospanne. / forget there is a meeting today. He aasya^te Kynaxb SnJiexBi. Don't forget to buy tickets. 2. H x o? to leave. 3a6wxb aonxnk B Mexpo. To leave one's umbrella in the widerground. SABB'ITB see 3ABHBATB 3ABEPH^TB see 3ABEPTWBATB 3ABEPTWBAJTB, -ro, -emb, -K>T imp. K o r 6? H x o? / p. aabepnlyxb, -y, -e'nib, -yx to wrap 3aBepnyxb MacJio B 6yMary. To wrap the butter in paper. SaBepmixe, no-?kajiyncxa. Wrap it up, please. 3ABECTH see 3ABO,0[flTB 3ABfl/]; OBATB, -yro, -yemb, -yiox imp. K o M y? H e M y? / p. noaabm- Alosaxb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox to envy OH aasiiayex MHC. He envies me. OH aabiiayex MOITM ycnexam. He envies me my success. 3ABfl CETB, -my, -cmnb, -cax imp. ox KOTO? ox Hero? to depend 3xo aabhcnx ox Bac. It depends on you. 3ABflCHMOCTB /., no pi. dependence 3ABG.H m. works, plant ABxoMo6HJibHHH aaboa- An auto

46 3AB 42 3AJJ works. HocTynHTb na sasoa. To begin working at a plant. PaSoxaib Ha sasoae. To work at a plant. HA- TH na sasoa. To go to the plant. c 3aBOAa. To Zea^e a plant. aaeohcy, aaboahmb, saso- AHT im/>. HTO? / /?. aabecth, aabe- Ajy, -emb, -yx, past aaseji, 3aBeJi a, -6, -li to wind up SaBGCTii Hacbi. To wind up a watch ( clock). 3ABO EBATb, -1610, -roeuib, -IOIOT p. H T o? 1. to conquer. SasoeBaTb Mndrne cxpahbi. To conquer many countries. 2. fig. to win. SasoeBaib ^oeepiie. To win confidence. SaBoeBaxb ybansehhe H JiwSoBb. To win respect and love. tomorrow 3aBipa 6yA6T xoponiaa noroaa. Tomorrow the weather will be fine. > JJo aastpa! Till tomorrow! breakfast ITpuroTOBHTb aabipak. To prepare breakfast. 3a sabtpakom. At break- 3ABTPA adv. 3ABTPAK m. fast. 3ABTPAKA Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. / p. noaabtpakalib, -10, -euib, -IOT to have breakfast MM 3aBipaKaeM B BoceMb qacos ytpa. We have breakfast at eight o'clock in the morning. 3ABTPAIHH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne tomorrow's 3aBTpaniHHH BKCKypCHH. Tomorrow's excursion. 3ABH3ATB see 3AB>l3bIBATb 3AB)!3bIBA Tb, -10, -einb, -IOT imp. H T O?/p. 33BH3aTb, 3aBH>Ky, 3aBH- /Kemb, sabhjkyt 1. to tie. 3aBH3aTb yseji. To tie a knot. 3aBH3aTb ropjio. To tie something round one's neck. 2. fig. to start. 3aBH3aTb apy>k- 6y. To start a friendship. 3AFA,mKA /., gen. pi. -OK riddle Sara^aTb sara^ny. To ask a riddle. 3ara,n;KH npnpoam. The riddles of nature. STOT HCJIOBCK AJIH MCHH 3ara^Ka. This man is a riddle to me. 3AFOBOP m. conspiracy, plot OpraHH30BaTb sarosop. To hatch a plot. PacKptiTb sarobop. To discover a plot. 3AFOPA Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp./ p. saropletb, -K>, -limb, -HT to sunbathe SaropaTb na njifime. To sunbathe on a beach. Xopomo aaropetb. To get well sun-tanned. 3ArOPA TbCH, -iocb, -embch, -K>TCH imp. /p. saropjetbch, -iocb, -HTCH 1. to catch fire. 3aropeJicn A house was on fire. 2. fig. to burn. 3aropeTbcn HH6M. To burn with desire. Ero rjiasa saropejincb pajioctbio. His eyes began to sparkle with joy. 3APOPETb see 3AFOPATb 3ArOPETbCH see SAFOPATbCfl SA^AjBATb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. HTO? K o M y? / p. sa^atb, sa^am, sa^amb, saa^ct, 3a;;aAHM, sa^aahte, sa^anyt,past sa^aji, sa^ajia, sa^ajijo, -H 1. to give. SajjaBaTb ypon. To give some material to learn. Sa^aTb ita AOM. To give a home-task. 2. to ask. 3aA&Tb Bonpoc. To ask a question. task 3A^AHHE neut. ^OManmee saaanne. A home-task. 3A^ATb see SA/JABATb 1. task. O^epeAHbie saaanii. The immediate tasks. 3aAaia rocy- AapCTBeimoH sawhocth. A task 2. of state importance. sum, problem. PemHTb saaa^y. To do a sum. To solve a problem. SaAa^a c ABVMS HensBeCTHMMH. A problem with two unknowns. 3A##MATbCH see 3A^^MbIBATb- Cfl SAAyMHHBIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form saaymihb, -a, -o, -M; adv. pensive, thoughtful BHA. A pensive look. AeBymKa. A thoughtful girl. OH saaym^hbo nocmotpeji Ha Hee. He looked at her thoughtfully. 3A,H#MbIBA TbCH, -iocb, -embch, -IOTCH imp. O^CM? HaffHeM?/ p. 3aAyMa TbCH, -iocb, -embch, -IOTCH to think, to ponder 3a#yMaTbCH HaA cjioathwm Bonpo- COM. To ponder over a complex problem. 3aAyMaTbca o CBOCM AP}'- re. To think about one's friend.

47 3AE 43 3AM 3AE32KA1TB, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. K K o M y? K y? 3 a K e M? 3 a He~M?//>. saexaxb, sae/jly, -einb, -yx to call (on, at) Saexaxb K xobapnray. To call on one's friend. Saexaxb na notry. To call at the post-office. 3aexaxb B MaraaiiH aa KHHraMH. To call at the shop to get 3AEXATB books. see 3AE35KATb 3A5KE*lb see SAHCHFATb 3A5KEHbCH see SAJKHFATbCH 3A5KHrA Tb, -ro, -einb,^ -IOT imp. H T o? / p. 3a>KeHb, 3a>Kry, 3anKerab, aajkryx, past aa>ker, sa>krji a, -6, -IT to light 3a>Keib CHHHKy. To light a match. 3a>KeHb cbex. To switch on the light. 3AJKHrA]TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxcn imp. / p. sajkeibcfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. saaokexcn, sajkryxcn, past 3a>KerCH, 3a>KrJi acb, -ocb, -neb to light GniiHKH He 3a>KHraroxcH. The matches won't light. Ha ne6e sajkrjiiicb 3BG3Ai>i. Stars appeared in the sky. 3Aflf fl see SAXO^flTb 3AKA3ATb see 3AKA3bIBATb 3AKA3bIBA Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. H x o? / p. sakasaxb, sanajky, saka- H;emb, 3ana?Kyx to book, to order Sanasaxb GnJiexu B xeaxp. To book tickets for the theatre. 3aKa3biBaxb o6e^. To order dinner. 3AKAHHHBA Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. H x o? / p. sakoh^inxb, -y, -nrab, -ax to finish SaKOHHHXb pa66xy. To finish work. SAKAHHHBAlTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxcn imp. I p. 3aKOHH HXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -axcn to end GoGpanne sakohhhjiocb onehb no3a- HO. The meeting ended very late. 3AKAT m. sunset HPKHH sanax. A bright sunset. 3a- Kax cojiima. Sunset. SAKJIIOqAITb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. H x o?//>. sakjiro^lrixb, -y, -nrab, -ax to conclude SaKJiroHHXb Mnp. To make peace. SaKJiroiHXb fl;orobop. To conclude a treaty. SAKJIIOHHTb see SAKJIIOHATb 3AKOH m. law 3aKOH npnpoam. A law of nature. SaKOHbi pasbhxhh 66ra,ecxBa. The laws of development of society. IIpH- HHXb sakoh. To adopt a law. 3AKOHHHTb see 3AKAHHHBATb SAKOHHHTbCH see 3AKAHHH- BATbCH 3AKPHH ATb, -y, -Hnib, -ax p. to shout FpoMKO sanphhaxb. To shout loudly. 3AKPbIBA Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. T I x o? I p. sakptixb, sakpojro, -erab, -rox 1. to close. SanpuBaxb OKHO. To close a window. 3aKpbixb,n;Bepb na KJiroH. To lock the door. 3a- KpuBaxb xexpa,n;b, Knnry, ajibsom. To close the copy-book, the book, the album. SaKpwxb rjiasa. To close one's eyes. 2. fig. to close. SanpLixb co6pamie. To close the meeting. 3AKPb'ITb see 3AKPbIBATb SAKYPflTb, 3aKypro, sakypnrab, 3a- Kypnx p. H x o? to light SaKypnxb naniipocy. To light a cigarette. 3AJI m. hall 3a;i. An auditorium. 3pnxeJibHbiH GnopXHBHbiH 3aJi. A sports hall. AKXOBbiii 3aJi. An assembly hall. MnxaJibHwii 3aJi. A reading hall. 3aJi 3aceAanHH. Convention hall. SAMEHHTb see 3AMEHHTb 3AMEHH Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. H X 0? H e M? / p. 3aM6HHXb, 3aMeHK), samehhrab, samehhx to replace 3aMeHiixb cxapyro AeTsuib HO BOH. To replace an old part by a new one. 3aM6HHXb ypokii XUMHH ypokamii pycckoro nstika. To substitute Russian lessons for chemistry lessons. 3AMEP3A Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp./ p. 3aMep3H yxb, -y, -erab, -yx, past sameps, 3aMep3Ji]a, -o, -H to freeze H samepsaro ox xojiofla. / am freezing from the cold. PeKa samepsjia. The river has frozen. 3AMEP3HYTb see 3AMEP3ATb & MEP3HyTb 3AMETHTb see SAMEHATb 3AME 1 IAHHE neut. remark CnpaBejjJiHBoe same^ahhe. A just remark. CfleJiaxb samenahhe KOMy-

48 3AM 44 3AII -JiH6o HJIH no nobofly Hero-JiH6o. To make a remark to somebody or on something. 3AMEHATEJIbH bifl, -an, -oe, -tie wonderful SaMeiaxeJibHbiH noax namero spe- M6HH. A wonderful poet of our time. 3aMe i iaxejibhbm ropo^;. A wonderful city. 3AMEHA Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. K o- r 6? H X 0?//>. 3aMe XHXb, -qy, -XHOIb, -XflX 1. to notice. Ha yjinije H samexnji xobapiima. In the street, I noticed a friend. H samexhji, HTO OH ycxaji. / noticed that he was tired. 2. to remark. 9xo nenpabaa, samexhji OH. "That's not true," he remarked. 3AM OK m., gen. -Ka lock Banepexb Ha aamok. To lock. 3AMOJI4 ATb, -y, -limb, -ax p. to become silent VHeHiiK aamojinaji. The pupil became silent. 3AMY5K adv. BMHXH 3aMy>K. To marry (of women only). Qua BwuiJia sa nerd 3aMy>K. She married him. 3AMY3KEM adv. Bbixb 3aMy?KeM. To be married (of women only}. BET samyjkem? Hex, H He 3ainy>KeM.,,Are you married?" "No, I am not." Ona 6mia sa- MyweM. She was married. 3AHHMA Tb, -TO, -emb, -rox imp. HXO?//?. sahhxb, sahmjy, -emb, -yx 1. to occupy. CxaflHOH saniimaex 100 rekxapob. The stadium occupies 100 hectares. 2. to take. GnopxcmeH BSKHJI nep- Boe Mecxo. The sportsman took the first place. 3. to take. SannMaHxe Mecxa. Take your seats. 4. to take. PemeHHe sa^a^n aahh- Jio 4 naca. The solution of the problem took 4 hours. 5. to occupy. BoncKa sannjin ropofl. The troops occupied the town. 3AHHMA TbCH, -iocb, -euibcn, -IOXCH imp. r e? H e M? 1. to study. SaHHMaxbCH B 6n6jiHOxeKe. To study at a library. MHOFO aahhmaxbch. To study a lot. 2. to go in for. SaHHMaxbCH cndp- XOM. To go in for sport. 3aHHM4xbCH MyauKOH, jihxepaxypon. To go in for Music, literature. 3AHHTHE neut. 1. occupation. EoJiesHoe aahaxne. A useful occupation. 2. only pi. lessons. Bbixb na sahh- XHHX. To be at the lessons. 3AHHT bifl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form 33HHX, 3aHHXa, 3aHHX 0, -bl 1. taken. 9xo Mecxo aannxo? 7s this seat taken? 2. busy. H cerd^hh sanax. / am busy today. 3AHHTb see 3AHHMATb 3AOHH bih, -an, -oe, -me; adv. sadqno^by correspondence Sad^Hoe osy^ehhe. Teaching by correspondence. Sad^HbiH HHCXiixyx. A correspondence institute. Vqiixb- CH saohho. To study by correspondence. 3AlIA/{ m. 1. west. G Bocxdna na Sanaa. From east to west. 2. west. Ha sana^e cxpahbi. In the west of the country. 3AnA^H blfl, -an, -oe, -ue west(ern) SanaaHbiH Bexep. A west wind. 3anaflHoe nojiymapiie. The western hemisphere. 3AHAX m. smell IIpiijixHbiH sanax. A pleasant smell. Sanax ^BexdB. The smell of flowers. 3ADHCATb see 3AIIflCbIBATb 3AHKCIKA /., gen. pi. -OK 1. note. Hanncaxb sanncky. To write a note. 2. only pi. transactions. VneHbie samickh yniibepchxexa. The transactions of the University. 3AIIflCbIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. H T o? / p. sanncaxb, aannmy, saniimemb, sannmyx 1. to write down. 3amiCbiBaxb JieKn;nro. To take down notes of a lecture. 2. to record. SanHCbiBaxb rojioc Ha njie'hky. To record somebody's voice. 3AHJlAKATb see HJlAKATb 3AnJIATlITb see IIJIATflTb

49 K: e 3AII 45 3AH 3AnOMHHA Tb, -10, -enn>, -rox imp. KOTO? qxo? / p. 3anoMH HXb, -10, -Hmb, -HT to remember 3anoMHHXb HOMep AOMa. To remember the number of a house. 3anoM- HHxe 3x0 CJIOBO. Remember this word. 3AIIOMHHTb see SAnOMHHATB SAHPETflTb see SAtlPEIIjATb 3AIIPEmA Tb, -lo, -emb, -rox imp. q x o? K o M y? -f- inf. Ip. 3anpe xnxb, -my, -Tiimb, -THT to forbid, to prohibit Bpan sanpexhji emy Kyptrrb. The doctor forbade him to smoke. SAnPEUJEHHE neut. prohibition 3APABATbIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. H x o? I p. 3apa66xa xb, -10, -emb, -rox to earn 3apa66xaxb MHOFO Aener. To earn a lot of money. SAPAEOTATb 1 see 3APABATblBATb 3APABOTATb 2 to begin working MamHHa sapasdiajia. The machine began working. 3APHJIATA /. ( = sapasoxhaa njiaxa) salary, wages BbicoKaa sapnjiaxa. A high salary (high wages). HiisKaa sapnjiaxa. A low salary (low wages). IIoJiyHHXb sapnjiaxy. To get one's salary (wages). 3ACJiy3KHBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. H x o? / p. sacjiyjkiixb, aacjiy-?ky, sacjiyn^hmb, sacjiyjkax 1. to deserve. 3acjiy>K/rxb narpa^y. To deserve a reward. 2. to win. VHHxejib sacjiymnji jiro- 66sb y^enhkob. The teacher won the love of his pupils. 3ACJiy3KIlTb see SACJIYJKHBATb 3ACME?lTbCH, -racb, -embca, -IOXCH p. to begin to laugh FpoMKO 3acM6HXbCH. To begin to laugh loudly. 3ACHyTb see 3ACbIIlATb 3ACTABHTb see 3ACTABJItfTb 3ACTABJlH Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? q x o? -{- inf. / p. sacxajbuxb, -BJIK>, -BHmb, -BHX to make 3acxaBHXb pa66xaxb. To make (somebody) work. 3ACbinA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. / p. 3acH yxb, -y, -emb, -yx OH sacbinaex 6HCxpo. He falls asleep quickly. Kor,n;a XH B^epa sacnyji? When did you fall asleep yesterday? 3ATEM adv. 1. then. GHa^aJia a non^y B 6n6- jinoxeky, a saxem B * KHHO. / shall first go to the library and then to the cinema. 2. for (or translated by inf.). OH nosbohhji saxem, HXOOM ysnaxb, KaK H ce6a HyBcxsyro. He called up to learn how I felt. but 3ATO conj. 3xo nebkycho, saxo nojiesno. It's not tasty, but it's good (for you). 3AXBATHTb see 3AXBATbIBATb 3AXBATblBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. H x o? / p. saxeaxhxb, saxeany, saxbaxnnib, saxsaxax to seize 3axBaxiixb nyjkre SCMJIH. To seize somebody else's land. SAXOJJflTb, saxony, saxo^hnib, 3a- XOAHX imp. K K o M y? K y A a? 3 a M? a a H e M? / p. saiixii, aaiialy, -emb, -yx, past same'ji, 3amji a, -6, -H 1. to call. Saiixii B rocxn K Apyry. To call on a friend. Safixn B MarasHH sa KHiiraMH. To call at a shop to buy books. 2. to set. CoJmiie saxoaht. The sun is 3AXOTETb see setting. XOTETb 3AHEM adv. what for, why 3aieM BBI npnexajin B MOCKBV? What did you come to Moscow for? fl ne snaro, 3a^e\i OH npnxoahji. / don't know why he called. SAHJfiTA /-, no pi. 1. defence. Samnxa ropoaa, npas. The defence of a city, rights. 2. defence. 3aiipiTa AHCcepxaunn. The defence of a thesis. SAnjHTflTb see 3AIU,HIH;ATb 3AmHin,A Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. Koro?Hxo?ox KOTO? ox ^ero? / p. 3am,H xhxb, -m.y, -xiiuib, -xax 1. to defend. 3am.Hm.axb ropoa ox Bpara. To defend the city from the enemy. 3aiH.nm,axb CBO" n P a " Ba. To defend one's rights. 3amnmaxb CBoro xo^ky spehha. To defend one's point of view. 2. to defend. Samnmaxb Anccepxa- H0ro. To defend one's thesis. 3AflBJI>lTb 3AHBflTb see 3AHBJIEHHE neut. 1. declaration. SaaBJienne npabhxejibcxba o nojio?kehhh B cxpane.

50 3Afl 46 3EJI A government declaration on the situation in the country. 2. application. Hanncaxb sahbjie- HHG na IIMH AHpeKxopa. To write an application to the director. 3AHBJlH Tb, -K), -enib, -K>T imp. H x o? K o M y? o H e M? / p. aaflbhxb, SaflBJlK), SaHBHUlb, SaflBflX to announce HpasiixejibcxBo sahbiijio 06 ycxa- HOBJ16HHH AHUJlOMaXJIieCKHX OTHOmeHHH c 3TOH cxpanoh. The government announced the establishment of diplomatic relations with this country. 3BATB, 30B y, -enib, -yx, past 3BaJi, -a, -o, -H imp. I p. nosbaxb, noao- B V, -emb, -yx, past nosbaji, no- 3Bajia, nosbaji o, -H 1. KOTO? H x o? to call. Maxb nosbajia pesenna o6eaaxb. The mother called the child to dinner. HosoBiixe cecxpy K xejie^ony. Call your sister to the telephone. 2. no p. to be called. Kan sac 30- syx? Mem'r sosyx Eopiic (Bo- PIICOM). "What is your name?" "My name is Boris." 3BE3.U;A /., pi. 3Be3Abi 1. star. Hpnafi 3BG3^a. A bright star. Ha ue6e oflha sses^a. There is one star in the sky. 3a>Krjnicb 3Be3flbi. Stars began to show. 2. fig. star. SsesAa anpana (KHHO- 3Be3Aa). A film star. 3BEH ETB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -MX, -HX imp. to ring SBGHIIX 3BOHOK. The bell is ringing. FOJIOC ee sseheji Kan KOJIO- KOJib^HK. Her voice rang like a bell. 3BEP B m. f gen. pi. -eii beast 3Bepb. A beast of prey. 3Bepn. Wild beasts. 3BOH fltb, -K), -HDib, -ax imp. K p- My? / p. II03BOH HXb, -K), -HUIb, -flx 1. no p. to ring. SBOHHX xejie^on. The telephone is ringing. 2. KpMy? to ring up. fl IIOSBO- HHJI emy no xe^e^ony. / rang him up. 3BOHK Htt, -an, -oe, -ne ringing SBOHKHH TOJIOC. A ringing voice. nechh. A ringing song. 3BOH OK m., gen. -Ka 1. bell, fl najkaji na KnonKy SBOH- Ka. / pressed the button of the bell. 2. bell. Paa^aJica xpexnn SBOHOK. The third bell rang. 3BYK m. 1. sound. CxpaHHbiii ssyk. A strange sound. SsyK rojioca. The sound of a voice. 2. sound. CorjiacHbiH (r.iachbia) 3ByK. A consojiant (vowel) sound. 3JJAHHE neut. building Bojibmoe SAanne. A large building. Cxapoe s^ahiie. An old building. S/jaiffle xeaxpa. The theatre building. 3JJECB adv. 1. rji;e? here. Mm 6yA6M >KHXI> 3flecb. We shall live here. Sflecb BCO CBOII. There are. no strangers here. 2. fig. Sftecb HOX HHiero njioxoro. There is nothing bad in this. 3/JOPOBAITbCH, -IOCB, -erabcn, -IOXCH imp. c KCM? I p. no3aopoba xbcfl, -iocb, -enibch, -IOXCH to greet OH He nosflopoba.icfl c iiamh. He didn't greet us. 3,HOP6B I>Tfl, -an, -oe, -ue, short form 3,u;op6B, -a, -o, -M 1. healthy. SAOPOBLIH peoenok. A healthy child. OH cobcem 3AOpos. He is quite healthy. 2. only complete form healthy. BHA. A healthy look. oxabix. Healthy rest. <> Byab(Te) 3AOpOB(fai)! Good-bye! 3,HOPOBbE n. health Xopouiee 3AOpoBbe. Good health. KpenKoe 3AOpoBbe. Strong V health. Hero cjia6oe SAOpoBbe. His health is weak. KaK Banie 3AOpoBbe? How are you? BepeHb SAOposbe. To take care of one's health. <> 3a name aaopobbe! To your health! Ha SAOposbe! To your pleasurel 3^PABCTByfl[(TE) How do you do. Good ' mornng Good afternoon. Good evening Hello! 3EJIEH blfl, -an, -oe, -we 1. green. SeJienafl xpasa. Green grass. SeJieHbiH UBCX. Green colour.

51 3EM 47 3HA 2. green. 3ejie'Hbie OBOIUH. Green vegetables. 3eJie'Hbie Green apples. 3EMJIH /., ace. semjiio; pi. aemejib, 36MJIHM, etc. 1. no pi. Earth. SCMJIH Bpamaexca BOKpyr CBOeii OCH. The Earth revolves on its axis. 2. land. ILrcoftOpoAHaH SCMJIH. Fertile land. SeMJifl c66ctben- Hocxb HapoAa. The land belongs to the people. 3. ground. VnacTb Ha semjiio. To fall to the ground. 4. land. 3eMJia! sakpnqaji Marpoc. "Land!" the sailor shouted. 3EPKAJIO neut., pi. aepnajia, aepkaji, aepkajiam, etc. looking-glass CMOTpexb(cH) B sepkajio. To look (at oneself) in a looking-glass. 3EPHO neut., pi. aepna, aepen, sepnam, etc. grain IlnieHMHHoe aepno. A grain of wheat. 3HMA /., ace. 3HMy, pi. SHMBI winter CypOBaa, xojioahan 3HMa. A hard, cold winter. Bcio 3My CTOHJIH MOpoabi. The frosts lasted the whole winter. 3HMH HfJ, -HH, -ee, -HG winter SHMHHH ASHB. A winter day. SHMnee najibxo. A winter coat. SHM- HHH cnopt. Winter sports. 3HMOft adv. in winter 3HMOH B MOCKBG XOJIOflHO. It is very cold in Moscow in winter. 3JI OH, -an, -6e, -He, short form 30JI, 3Jia, 3JIO, 3JILI 1. wicked, malicious, vicious. 3JIOH HeJiOBeK. A wicked man. 3Jioe JiHu;6. A wicked face. 2. hard. SJIOH Mopos. A hard frost. 3. angry. KaK H 30Ji! How angry 1 am! 3MEH /., pi. 3Meii, 3Meii snake H^OBHTaH 3M6H. A venomous snake. -MHUIBCH, 3HAKO MHTbCH, -MJIIOCB, -MHTCH imp. CK6M?C H6M?/ p. n03hako MHTbCH, -MJIIOCb, -MHmb- Cfl, -MHTCH 1. to make acquaintance. SnaKo- MHTbCH C HOBblMH JIIOAbMH. To meet new people. 2. to get to know. SnaKOMHTbCH c ropo^om. To get to know a city. 3HAKOM blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form snakom, -a, -o, -H 1. familiar. 3naKOMaH Kmira. A familiar book, fl 3HaKOM c HHM. He is an acquaintance of mine. 2. used as n. acquaintance. OH MOH 3HaKOMbiH.//e is an acquaintance of mine. Ofla MOH snakomah. She is an acquaintance of mine. OAHH MOH 3HaKOMbiH CKaaaJi MHC, ^TO... An acquaintance of mine told me that... 3HAMEHHT blh, -an, -oe, -tie, short form 3HaMeHHT, -a, -o, -bi famous, celebrated SnaMeHiiTbiH KOMHOSHTOJ). -A famous composer. SHaMeHMTbiii xy- AOJKHHK. A celebrated artist. 3HAMH neut., gen., dat., prepos. 3Ha- M6HH, ace. 3HaMH, instr. siiamenem; pi. SHaMena, 3HaM6H banner SnaMH CBo6oAbi. The banner of freedom. knowledge 3HAHHE neut. SnaHHe cifjia. Knowledge is power. Fjiy66KHe 3HaHHH. Profound knowledge. IIp6 l ihbie SHaHHH. Solid knowledge. OBJia^eBaTb SHaHHHMH. To gain knowledge. 3HA Tb, -lo, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? H T o? o K 6 M? o H e M? 1. to know. H 3Haio axoro nejiobe- Ka. / know that man. Xopomo 3HaTb cxpany. To have a good knowledge of a country. 2. to know. 3naxb pycckiiii asbik. To know Russian. 3. to know. 3naTb 06 orbeaac. To know about one's departure. H 3HaK>, TTO OH 66jieH. / know that he is ill. H 3Haio, re OH HH- B6T. / know where he lives, fl 3Haio, Ky^a OH nome'ji. / know where he went. H He 3Haro, Kor- Aa OH BepHeiCH. / don't know when he will come back, fl He 3Haio, noieiviy ero Hex. / don't know why he is not here. 3HAMfiHHE neut. 1. meaning. 3xo CJIOBO HMeex MHOro SHaHeHHH. This word has many meanings. 2. importance. Gnopx HMeex or- Sport is of great importance for health.

52 3HA 48 1st & 2nd pers. rarely used, 3rd pers. -HT, -ax to mean imp. H x o? HTO 3Haqnx Sxo CJIOBO? What does this word mean? 3xo HHHerd ne 3H3HHT. It means nothing. 3HAHIGK m., gen. -Ka badge yhhbepchxexckhh 3HaiOK. A university badge. Sna^oK xypiicxa GGCP. The badge of tourist of the USSR. 06Me*HHBaxbCH To exchange badges. 30JIOTO neut., no pi. gold HacToe 30JIOTO. Pure gold. Baxb SOJIOTO. To mine gold. SanJiaxiixb 3OJIOTOM. To pay in gold. $> He Bee TO SOJIOTO, HTO 6;iec- THT (proverb). All that glitters isn't gold. 30JIOT OK, -an, -de, -Lie gold gold. SoJioxaH MOHexa, gold coin. 3oJioxbie *iacbi. A gold watch. fig.: SOJIOTOH nejiobek. A wonderful man. 3ojiOTaa <C> cepeaana. The golden mean. umbrella PacKpiiTb 30HTHK. To open an umbrella. 30HTHK m. 3PEHHE neut. eyesight Xopomee spenne. Good eyesight. <> T6*ma apehhh. A point of view. C TOHKII apennfl Koro-JiH5o. From somebody's point of view. 3PflTEJIb m. spectator TeaTpajibHbiH sphiejib. A theatregoer. B sajie MHoro sphtejieii. There are many spectators in the hall. 3PH adv. for nothing 3pn TpaiHTb BpeMH. To waste time. 3pa robopiitb. To speak to no purpose. 3pn He 6ecnoKoHTecb! Don't worry unnecessarily! 3YE m., pi. 33'6bi, 3y6oB tooth y Mena SOJIHT 3y6bi. I've toothache. got CKBO3b 3y6bi. To speak through clenched teeth. II. H conj. and Maxb H oxen,. Mother and Father. MBI robopiim no-pycckh H no-anr- n a JIHHCKH. We speak Russian and English. Eonieji ROTKRI*, H MM He noexajin sa ropo^. It began to rain and we didn't go to the country. HFOJIIKA /., gen. pi. -OK needle ^afi MHe nrojiky c HTIXKOH. Give me a needle and some thread. FpaMMO- <$6~HHaH nrojika. A gramophone needle. HFOJIKH na ejine. Fir needles. HrPA /., pi. nrpbi game; playing 1. HnxepecHan nrpa. An interesting game. HacidjibHaa nrpa. A table game. 2. Mrpa na CKpnnKe. Playing the violin. 3. Mrpa B <$yx66ji. Playing footfall. HFPA Tb, -10, -emb, -lox imp./p, ctirpajxb, -to, -enib, -iox 1. to play. JJexH nrpaiox B napne. Tfre children are playing in the park. H nrpaio c 6paxoM. I play with?ny brother. 2. BO HXO? to play. Hrpaxb B 6acKex66ji, B $yx6oji, B BOJien- 6oJi, B oiaxmaxbi. To play basket-ball, football, volley-ball, chess. 3. Ha qe'm? to play. Hrpaxb na nnahhho, na ckpnnke, na m- xape. To play the piano, the violin, the guitar. 4. H x o? to play. Hrpaxb sajibc. To play a waltz. K o r d? Hrpaxb Bopnca FoAynoBa. To play Boris Godunov. 3-ro nrpaex Go-ibrayro pojib. of great importance" 3xo He nrpaex pojin. It's of no importance. HFPyin KA f., f gen. pi. -ek toy J^excKHe nrpynikh. Children's toys. HflEfl /. 1. idea. nepe^obwe H^en namero BpeMeHH. Advanced ideas of our time. 2. idea. H^en npohsbe^ehhh. The idea of a literary work., -y, -e'uib, -yx, past me'ji, nui a, -o, -H imp. i. Ky^a? oxny^a? to go. H/TXH B pecxopae. To go to a restaurant. HAXH Ha ndqxy. To go to the post-office. HATH H3 xeaxpa AOMOH. To go home from the theatre. HATH K 6paxy. To go to one's brother. HAXH 6ucxpo.

53 H3 49 H3M To go quickly. HATH nenikom. To walk. 2. to go. H^TH ryjmxb. To go for a walk, fl HA.y B KHHO. / am going to the cinema. 3. to go. HoesA HA&X Gticxpo. The train is going fast. 4. to go. JJopora HA&T jiecom. The road goes through a forest. 5.: I Iacbi HAyx xoponio. The watch (clock) keeps good time. G/.HA&T AOJKAB. It is raining. cner. It is snowing. HA$X It is hailing. 7.:KaK HA^X A^Jia? How are things? >KH3Hb HAex. Life goes on. Bpe- MH HA&X. Time is passing. Pa- 66xa HAST. Work is in progress. 8. to be on. CeroAHH B xeaxpe HA$X HOBajr nbeca. There is a new play on at the theatre, today. 9. to become. 9xo njiaxbe BaM HA&X. This dress becomes you. 10.: HATH K IJCJIH. To try to achieve one's goal. <> HATH na BCC. To go to any length. He HACT H3 yma (ito-jih6"o). Not to be able to get (something) out of one's head. FojiOBa IIACT KpyroM. My head is in a whirl. H3 (H30) prep. + gen. 1. OUt Of. BblHXH H3 KOMHaXbl. To go (come) out of the room. Btiexaxb H3 ropoaa. To drive out of the town. 2. from. lonoina HS A$PHKH. A youth from Africa. 3. of. HeKOTopbie HS nac. Some of us. OAHH H3 CTyACHTOB. One of the students. 4. (made) of. KOCTEOM H3 uiepcth. A woollen costume. H3BECTHE neut. 1. news. HpiiHTHoe iissecthe. Pleasant news. 2. news. HocjieAHiie HSBecxHH. The latest news. H3BCTH bltt, -ah, -oe, -bie, short form HSBecxen, H3BecTH a, -o, -bi; adv. H3B6CTHO well-known HsBecTHbiH ynehbih. A well-known scientist. 3xo BceM HSBecTiio. Everybody knows that. HSBHHflTb see H3BHHHTb H3BHHflTbCH see HSBHHHTbCH H3BHHU Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. K o- r6? / p. H3BHHJIIXb, -K), -HHIb, -HX to excuse HsBHHHxe M6HH, nojkajiyhcxa. ^a:- cuse m.e, please. H3BHH# TbCfl, -rocb, -enibca, -roxca imp. I p. H3BHH iixbch, -iocb, -iimb- CH, -axcfl to apologise OH H3BHHHJICH nepeao MHOH 3a AOJiroe MOJiHanne. He apologised to me for his long silence. H3.0IAJIEKA adv. from far away ITpnexaxb HSAajiena. To come from far away. H3-3A prep. - - gen. 1. from behind. H3-3a.ueca nokasajiacb jiyna. The moon came out from behind the forest. 2. from. Bcxaxb H3-3a cxojia. To get up from the table. 3- because of. Hs-sa AO?KA MM He noexajih na nporyjmy. Because of the rain we didn't go for a drive. H3MEHEHHE neut. change HsMeneHHH B >KH3HH. Changes in life. HsMeneHHe B pacnncahiin. A change in the time-table. B cxpane npoh3omjih Sojibuiiie iismehehiifi. Great changes have taken place in the country. H3MEHflTb see H3MEHflTb HSMEHHTbCH see H3MEHHTbCH & MEHHTbCH H3MEH)l Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. / p. H3M6HHXb, H3M6HI6, II3MeHHIJJb, 1. H x o? to alter. HsMenexb To alter a plan. 2. K o M y? ^ e M y? to betray, ta be unfaithful. MsivtemixL cxpane. To betray one's country. MsMemixb 7K6He. To be unfaithful to one's wife. H3MEHH TbCH, -iocb, -enibcn, -TOT- CO. imp./p. H3MeHHXbCH, H3MeHK)Cb, HSMeHHHibCH, HSMeHHXCH to change H3M6HHJICH BHA ropoaa. The appearance of the city has changed. Bbi OHCHb H3MeHMJiHCb. You've changed a lot. (cf. MEHHTbCH) H3MEPHTb see H3MEPHTb H3MEPH[Tb, -io, -enib, -iox imp. H X 0? I p. H3Mep HXb, -K), -HHIb, -HX to measure H3Mepnxb A-^HHy KoMHaxu. To measure the length of a room.

54 H30 50 HHT TCMnepaTj^py. To take one's temperature. H3OEPA5KA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. ^ T 0?//>. H3O6pa 3HTb, ->Ky, -3HT to represent HTO BhI H3C6pa3 f /IJIH H3 9TOH THHe? What did you represent in that picture? H30EPA3ftTb see H30BPA5KATL H30EPECTfi see H30EPETATb H3OEPETA Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. ^ T o? I p. H3o6pecTH, H3o6peT y, -emb, -yt, past H3o6pe'ji, H3o6peji a, -6, -H to invent HsoSpecxH Hosyio Maimray. To invent a new machine. H3-HOA prep. + gen. 1. from under. Konma BwmJia H3- noa CTOJia. The cat came from under the table. 2. from a place near some other place, npnexaxb HS-HOA Jlemrarpana. To come from near Leningrad. H3yHA Tb, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. H T o? K o r 6? / p. HsyqjiTb, H3y l iy, nay- HHinb, H33^aT to study HsyiaTb pycckhh HSHK. To study Russian. IIsy^aTb npo6jiemy. To study a problem. H3yHflTb see H3yqATb fljih con]', or SanaTHH HannyTCH sabtpa IJJIH nocjiesabtpa. The lessons start tomorrow or the day after. OH #oma IIJIH HCT? Is he at home or not? ^a HJIH HOT? Yes or no? flmehho particle precisely, just HMeHHO Bbi MHC HyjKHM. You are just the one I need. < Box HMeHHO. Exactly. HME Tf>, -10, -enib, -K>T imp. KOTO? H T o? to have HMCTb MHOrO BpeMCHH ^JIH 3aHH- THH. To have a lot of time for one's studies. HMeTb BosMonmocTb nocethtb BLicTaBKy. To be able to visit the exhibition. HMeTb 3Ha^e- HH6. To be of importance. HMHEPHAJIIlCTHHECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne imperialist neut., gen., dat. t prepos. IIMCHH, ace. HNIH, instr. HMeHCM; pi. HMC- Ha, HMCH, HMenaM, etc. name Moe HMH Bjia^HMHp. My name is Vladimir. KaK same HMH? What's your name? <$> BwcTynaxb OT HMCIIII KOPO-.IH- 60. To speak on somebody's behalf. BnojTiiOTeKa HMCHH Jleumia. The Lenin library. HHAHE 1. adv. in a different way. STO Haflo c^ejiatb HHane. This should be done in a different way. 2. con/, (or) else. HAH Hnaqe Tbi onosaaemb. 6biCTpee, Go faster, or else you'll be late. HH3KEHEP m. engineer FopHbiH HHJKCHep. A mining engineer. Mow. oieu HHJKenep. My father is an engineer. PaSoTaTb HHjKenegOM. To work as an engineer. HHOr,HA^ac?j;. sometimes HnorAa OH npnxoahji AOMOH HOSA- HO. Sometimes he came home late. CTpaHn;eB. Many foreigners live in the hotel. HHOCTPAHHlMfl, -an, -oe, -Lie HHOCTPAH EIJ m. t gen. -n.a foreigner B rocthhhhie JKHB6T MHOFO HHO- foreign MHOCTpaHHbie H3WKH. Foreign languages. MHHHCTCPCTBO HHOCTpaH- HMX AGJI. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs. institute CTpOHTeJIbHblH HHCTHTVT. A building institute. YHHTbCH B HHCTHTJ'- Te. To study at an institute. IIo- CTynnTb B HHCTHTyT. To enter an institute. HayHHO-nccJieAOBaTeJib- CKHH HHCTHTyx. A research insti- HHCTHT^T m. tute. HHCTPyMEHT m. instrument XnpyprHqecKHe HHCTpyMCHTH. Surgical instruments. MysbiKaJibHbiH HHCTpyMeHT. A musical instrument. HHTEJIJIHrEHqHH /., no pi. intelligentsia HHTeJiJinreHiCHfl CTpaHM. The country's intelligentsia. HHTEPEC m. 1. interest. Bojibmon HHTepec. A great interest. GJiymaTb c HH- TepecoM. To listen with interest. 2. usu. pi. interests. KjiaccoBtie HHTepecu. Class interests. 3amnnjaTb CBOII HHTepecH. To defend one's own interests.

55 HHT 51 HCH HHTEPECH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form HHxepecen, HHxepecH a, -o, -H; adv. HHxepecno 1. interesting. HnxepecHbia $HJIBM. An interesting film. HHxepecnaH KHitra. An interesting book. Mu HHxepecHo npobejni spemh. We've had an interesting time. 3xo onenb HHxepecHo. It's very interesting. 2. adv., predic. impers. often translated by to wonder. MirrepecHO, npne^et JIH OH? / wonder whether he will come. HHTEPEQOBATb, -yfo, -yemb, -yiox imp. Kor6? HTO? to interest Ero iraxepecyex JKHBOHHCL. He is interested in painting. Mena iraxepecyex xexmraa. / am interested in technology. HHTEPEC OBATbCH, -yrocb, -yemb- CH, -yioxca imp. KCM? HCM? to be interested MflxepecoBaxbCH Jinxepaxypon H HC- KyccxBOM. To be interested in literature and art. HCKATb, Hmy, ifmemb, iimyx imp. / p. HaH xh, -Ay, -Aenib, -yt 1. KOTO? HXO? to look for. Mo Kaxb cboero flpyra. To be looking for one's friend. HcKaxb HJiaxoK. To look for one's handkerchief. Kxo irajex, TOX Bcer,n;a HaiiAeT. Seek and you shall find. 2. fig. HXO? or qero? to look for, to seek. Hcnaxb pa66xy. To look for a job. HcKaxb npabah. To seek the truth. Mcnaxb c^acxbfl. To seek happiness. HCKJIfOHAJTb, -K), -erab, -iox imp. K o r 6? H x o?//?. HCKJiK>q iixb, -y, -Hmb, -ax to expel McKJiKmixb cxy^enxa H3 Hncxnxyxa. To expel a student from the institute. HCKJIK)HHHE neut. exception 3xo HCKJUOHenne H3 npabhjia. This is an exception to the rule. Hex npabhji 6ea HCKJnoHeHHfl. There are no rules without exceptions. <0> 3 a KCKJuoieHHeM MGHH, BCG 6biJin na CTajjnoHe. Everybody was at the stadium, except me. HCKJIIOHfiTb see HCKJIIO^ATb flckpehh Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne, short form HCKpenen, HCKpenH a, -o, -LI; adv. HCKpenne sincere, frank HcKpenHHH HeJioBeK. A sincere person. HcKpeHHHH oxbex. A frank answer. CnaJKHxe HCKpeHne. me Tell frankly. HCK^CCTBEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -we artificial HcKyccxBeHHoe BOJIOKHO. Artificial fibre. HcKyccxBenHbiH me'jik. Artificial silk. HCK^CCTBO neut. 1. art. HaodpaatixeJibHbie HCKVCcxsa. Imitative arts. HcnyccxBO napoahbix MacxepOB. The art of folk masters. 2. art. HcKyccxBo nrpm na rnxape. The art of playing the guitar. HcKyccxBo mnxbh. The art of sewing. HCnOJIHHTb see HCHOJIHHTb HCHOJIHHlTb, -ro, -erab, -K>X imp. H X O? / p. HCnOJIH HXb, -TO, -Hfflb, -HX 1. to perform, to play. HcnoJinaxb MyatiKaJibHyio nbecy. To play a musical piece. HcnoJiHHXb pojlb. To play a part. 2. to fulfil. Bbi lie Morjiii 6bi HC- MOK) upocb6y? Could you comply with my request? HCIlCJIb3 OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox imp. & p. KOTO? HXO? to make use of HcnoJibsoBaxb cneunajracxob. To make use of specialists. McnoJibao- Baxb BpeMH. To make use of one's time. HCHPABHTb see HCIIPABJUlTb HCHPABJlHlTb, -ro, -emb, -iox imp. H X O? / p. HCnpa BHXb, -BJIK), -BHfflb, -sax to correct HcnpaBHXb onra6ky. To correct a mistake. HCnyrA TbCH, -rocb, -einbca, -IOXCH p. KOTO? nerd? to be frightened MajibHiiK HcnyraJica. The boy got frightened. OH HCnyraJicji, HXO ne XBaxHX BpeMCHH. He was afraid that he would not have enough OH time. HCnyraJiCH rpoma. He was afraid of the thunder. HCHblTAHHE neut. testing HcnuxaHHe MamHHbi. The testing of a machine. HcnbixaHHfl axomhoro opyjkhh. The testing of an atomic weapon.

56 HCT 52 KAK -an, -oe, -He 1. history. IlcxopHHecKnik <$akyjibxex. The history department. 2. historical. HcxopHHecKiie namflx- IIIIKII. Historical monuments. 3. historic. HcxopriqecKafl Aaxa. An historic date. HCTOPHH /. 1. no pi. history. Hcxopun paabh- Baexcn no CBOIIM sakonam. History develops according to its own laws. HCTOPHH flpebhero Mwpa. The history of antiquity. McxopHH HSbiKa. The history of a language. 2. story. OH ymeex pacckaabibaxb HHxepecHbie HCTOPHH. He can tell interesting HCTPATHTb stories. see TPATHTb HCHE3A Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp./ p. HCHe3H yxb, -y, -euib, -yi, past HCH63, -Jia, -JIO, -JIH 1. to disappear. CaMOJiex ncmea B osjiakax. The plane disappeared in the clouds. 2. to cease. BOJIB iicneajia. The pain has gone. see HCHESATb HTAK con], so HxaK, peniehiie npimnxo. -So the decision has been taken. HX poss. pron. their, theirs Hx npe^jiojkenne SLIJIO npabiuib- HbiM. Their proposal was right.s-ra KOMHaxa HX. This room is theirs. IIlDJIb m., no pi. July B HioJie y cxy,n,ehxob KaniTKyjiH. The students have their holidays in July. CeroAHfl 25 HK>JIH. Today is the 25th of July. OH npne^ct 28-ro HioJifl. He will come on July 28. IlH)Hb m., no pi. June B HIOHB CTy^eHTH CA&K)T 3K3aMeiILI. Students take their exams in June. K, K K (KO) prep, -f dat. 1. to, Up to. IIoflOHTlf K AOMy. To approach the house. OH no,n;ohieji K TOBapnuiy. He went up to his friend. HAHTO K flocke. Come (go) to the blackboard. 2. to. OH npnexaji K flpyry. He came to see his friend. K naml Come and see us! 3. by. Haflo nphimi K cemii Benepa. You must come by seven o'clock in the evening. 4. to. Bnepe'A, K no6eae! Forward, to victory! KABHHET m. 1. study. PaSo^HH KaGnHex. A study. 2.:Ka6nHex Bpa^a. A doctor's consulting-room, a surgery. no sing, cadres TexHHiecKHe Ka,u,pi>r. Technical cadres. KA5K,H blft, -an, -oe, -Lie 1. every. KajKflHH ACHB. Everyday. Kamflyio HCAeJiio MH XO^HM B xeaxp. We go to the theatre every week. J^oBOAHXb Ka>Kj];oe RQJIQ flo KOHU,a. To see every job through. 2. u^ed as n. everyone. 3xo Ka?Kflbin 3naex. Everyone knows that. KA3KETCH paren. word it seems OH, Kamexca, npas. He seems to be right. KawexcH, OH 6tui 30 BO- JICH. He seemed to be pleased. KASATbCH, na>kycb, KaJKeuibcn, Ka-?KyxcH imp. / p. nokasaxbcn, noka- >Kycb, nokawenibch, noka>kyxcfl 1. K e M? i e M? K a K H M? to seem. FopOA MHC nokasajica onenb KpacHBbiM. The town seemed very beautiful to me. 2. impers. to seem. Mne KawexcH, H ycneio BBinojinnxb pa66xy. It seems to me that I shall manage to do the work. Mne nokasanocb, HXO OH ycxaji. He looked very tired to me. KA3H fltb, -16, -HHib, -;ix imp. & p. K o r 6? to execute Kasmixb npecxynhhka. To execute a criminal. KAK 1. adv. how. KaK >KHBexe? How are you getting on? Kan H^yx ACJia? How are things going? fl 3Haio, KaK npoexaxb B uenxp. / know how to get to the centre. KaK BH CKaaaJiH? What did you say? 2.. conj like. Ee rjiasa 6biJiH KaK Mope. Her eyes were like the sea. <> KaK arc mi cxpahho... However

57 KAK 53 KAP strange it may seem... H BVIO ce6n 3Aecb, Ran feel at home here. KAK-HHEy#B adv. somehow Haflo KaK-HH6yflb nomohb eivty. must help him somehow. We KAK Ofl, -an, -6e, -Tie 1. what. KanaH cerdjjhh noro/ja? What is the weather like today? KaKyio Myabmy BH JiroSnxe? What sort of music do you like? KaKoe ceroahh HHCJIO? What is the date today? KaKoii cero^hh flchb ne^ejih? What day of the week is today? Kan we UBexbi BH xoxnxe KynHTb? What flowers do you want to buy? 2. what (a). KaKOH xoponraii jjehb! What a fine day! KaKan Kpacoxa! What beauty! KAK Ofl (-an, -6e, -He) -HHE^/JB any.zjanxe MHC KaKyio-HH6y,n;b KHHry. Give me any book. KAK Ofl[ (-an, -de, -ne)-to some Bac cnpamhbaex KaKofi-xo My na. A man is asking for you. KAK-TO adv. somehow, somewhat To, HXO XH CKaaaji, nak-xo HCHCHO. What you said is somehow not clear. KAJIEH/JAPIb m., gen. -H calendar HacxoJibHbiH KaJieH^apb. A desk calendar. OxptiEEoii KajieH^apb. A tear-off calendar. KAMEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie stone 1. KaMeHHtiH #OM. A stone house. 2. fig. KaMeHHoe cepa^e. A heart of stone. <> KaMcinibiii yrojib. Coal. -HH stone EojibmoH KaMCHb. A large stone. Bpocuxb KaMenb. To throw a stone.,zjparon;ehhbie KaMHH. Precious stones. KAM EHb m., gen. <> HauiJia Koca na KaMcm, (proverb). Cf. Diamond cut diamond. KAHAJI m. canal OpocHTeJibHbifi Kanaji. An irrigation canal. Exaib no Kanany. To sail along a AAT canal. m. 1. candidate. KaHAimaT B ^enyxaxbi BepxoBHoro CoBexa. A candidate to the Supreme Soviet. 2. candidate. Kaimnflax nayk. Master of science. KAHflKYJIBI no sing, holidays SHMHiie KaHHKyjiw. Winter holidays. JlexHne KaHHKyJibi. Summer holidays. Bo BpeMH KaHHKyji. During the holidays. B KaHHKyJibi OH ox,n;bixaex. He has a rest during his holidays. KAIlHTAJlftSM m. capitalism KAnHTAJIHCTflHECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne capitalist KanHxaJiHcxrinecKHH cxpofi. The capitalist system. KaiiHxan captain AaJibnero njiabaniih. A sea- going captain. KannxaH $yx- 6oJibHOH KOMan^bi. The captain of a football team. KAHHTAH m. KAII JIfl /., gen. pi. -ejib 1. drop. KanjiH JKIIAKOCXH. A drop of a liquid. KanjiH ROWRii. A raindrop. 2. no sing, drops. Kyniixb KanJin B anxeke. To buy some drops at a chemist's. KAH^CTA /., no pi. cabbage KnJiorpaMM Kanycxw. A kilogramme of cabbage. <> KncJiaa Kanycxa. Sauerkraut. IJeeTHaa Kanycxa. Cauliflower. KAPAH^Ain m., gen. -a pencil U,BexHbie KapaHAaniH. Coloured pencils. PncoBaxbHapaHAamoM. To draw with a pencil. KAPMAH m. pocket Bbmyxb njiaxok H3 KapMana. To take one's handkerchief out of one's pocket. HoJKWKHXb.neHbrn B KapMan. To put money in one's pocket. <> OH 3 a CJIOBOM B KapMan He nojieaet. He has a ready tongue. KAPTA /. 1. map. HoJinxH^ecKaH Kapxa MHpa. A political map of the world. 2. card. Hrpaxb B Kapxbi. To play cards. KAPTflHA /. 1. picture. HpeKpacHan KapxHHa. A beautiful picture. XVAO>KHHK nntnex KapXHHy. The artist is painting a picture. 2. fig. scene. Kapxihra npnpoah. A scene of nature. KAPTOOEJIB m., no pi. (colloq. Kap- ToraKa) potatoes

58 KAC 54 KJIA KACA TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -K>XCH imp. KOTO? Hero?//>. Kocnlyxb- CH, -ycb, -embch, -yxca 1. to touch. KocnyxbcH semjiii py- KOH. To touch the ground with the hand. 2. fig. to touch upon, to concern. ftokjiaahhk KocHyjicH Bonpoca o nojiojkghhh B cxpahe. The speaker touched upon the situation in the country. 3xo MGHH He Kaca- CTCH. That doesn't concern me. KACCA /. cash-desk ILiaTi'iTb flenbrn B Kaccy. To pay the money at the cash-desk. <> CSeperaxejibHaa Kacca. Savings bank. KACTPlOJIfl /. saucepan KATA TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -IOTCH imp. na q e M?: Kaxaxbcn na Jio,n;- Ke. To go boating. Kaxaxbcn Ha JibiJKax. To go skiing. Kaxaxbca na KOHbKax. To go skating. <> JIro6nrai KaxaTbcfl jiiosn H caiio*ikii uo3iiti> (proverb). Cf. No sweet without some sweat. KAHECTBO neut. quality KaiecxBO pa66xti. The quality of work. HpOAyKmiH BbicoKoro Kanecxsa. High-quality output. KAfflA /. porridge MaHHan Kama. Semolina pudding. FpeHHeBan Kama. Buckwheat porridge. K ADI E Jib m -, gen. -JIH cough y M6HH CHJIbHHH KaiHCJIb. / have a bad cough. KADIJIH Tb, -K>, -emb, -KT to cough BoJibHoii ciijibho KamJiflex. The sick man coughs badly. KBA/JPATH bih, -afl, -oe, -ue square KBa^paxnan KOMHaxa. A square room. KBAPTAJI m. 1. block, district. HoBbifi ropoflckofi KfiapxaJi. A new city district. 2. quarter. B xpexbem KBapxaJie 3xorp rd,n;a 6pnraji;a pa66xajia OXJIOTHO. In the third quarter of this year the brigade worked very well. KBAPTKPA /. flat TpexKOMHaxHaa KBapxiipa. A threeroom flat. KHJIOFPAMM m. kilogramme Ilflxb KHJiorpaMMOB caxapa. Five kilogrammes of sugar. KmiorpaMM MHca. A kilogramme of meat. KHJIOMETP m. kilometre CKOJIbKO KHJIOMOXpOB flo TOpOAa? How many kilometres is it to the town? KHHO neut., indecl. 1. cinema. Vcnexn KHHO. The success of the cinema. 2. colloq. film. Givioxpexb KHHO. To see a film. TM CMoxpeJi 3x0 KHHO? Have you seen this film? 3. colloq. cinema. Hflxn B KHHO. To go to the cinema. KHHOTEATP m. picture palace, cinema B MoCKBe MHoro KHHoxeaxpoB? Are there many cinemas in Moscow? KHHOcDfiJIbM m. see OHJIbM KHOCK m. kiosk, news-stand Fa^XHbiH KHOCK. A news-stand. Kyniixb /Kypnaji B KHOCKO. To buy a magazine at a news-stand. KHn ETb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -lix, -HX imp. to boil Bo^a KHHHX. The water is boiling. MOJIOKO KHHPIX. The mi Ik is boiling. KHPHflH m., gen. -a brick K]JCJI Mfl, -ah, -oe, -tie, short form KHceji, KHCJia, KHCJI O, -H; adv. KHCJIO sour Kricjioe H6JIOKO. A sour apple. <> Kacjiaa Kanycra. Sauerkraut. KJIACC 1 m. class Pa66^HU KJiacc. The working class. KJIACC 2 m. 1. grade, y^nxbcfl B nepbom Kjiacce. To be in (to be a pupil in) the first grade. 2. classroom. B namem KJiacce OHenb Hiicxo. Our classroom is very clean. 3. class. Hani KJiacc oqenb Apy>Kiibiii. We are all friends in our class. KJIACCOBIblfi, -an, -oe, -we class KJiaccoBaH 6opb6a. The class struggle. KjiaccoBbie npoxhbopehhh. Class contradictions. KJIACTb, KJiaAly, -emb, -yi, past KJiaji, KJiaJi a, -o, -H imp. KOTO? ^ x o? na H x 6?//>. nojiojkiixb, nojiohty, nojiojkhmb, nojiomax to place, to put KJiacxb KHiiry na cx6ji. To put the

59 KJIE 55 KOJI book on the table. IIoJio>KHXb caxap B Han. To put sugar in the tea. <> IIojio/KHTfa naiajio To HOBOMy nejiy. lay the foundation for something new. KJIET KA /., gen. pi. -OK 1. cage. Kynnxb KJiexKy AJia HXHH,. To buy a bird cage. 2. squared, check. Texpa^b B KJiex- Ky. A squared copy-book. MaxepnaJi B KJiexKy. Check material. 3. cell. O Tpy^HaH KJieTKa. The thorax. KJIflMAT m. climate MopCKOH KJiHMax. A maritime climate. MarKHH KJiHMax. A mild climate. KJIYB m. club Pa6oHHH KJiy6. A workers' club. B KJiy6e ceroaha xahhli. There is a dance at the club today. KJHOH m., gen. -a 1. key. OH noxepaji KJIIOH OT KBap- XHpbi. He has lost the key to his flat. Sanepexb #Bepb na KJIIOH. To lock the door. 2. fig. clue KHflFA /. book L lhxaxb KHtiry. To read a book. KHfl>K KA /., gen. pi. -ek dim. of KHHra book. JJexcKaa KHH>KKa. A children's book. <0> Sanncnafl KiiMiKica. Note-book. KHfl5KH blfl, -an, -oe, -we book KHiijKHafl ndjika. A bookshelf. KHHJKHLIH mka(f>. A bookcase. KHH>K- HHH Maraar'm. A bookshop. KOB EP m., gen. -pa carpet MarKHH KOBep. A soft carpet. KOr#A adv. 1. when. KorAa xu nphflemb #0- MOH? When will you come home? 2. when. H snaro, KOFA^ OH npneaex. / know when he comes. Kor- Aa KOHHHrab padoxy, HPHXOAM KO MHB. Come and see me when you have finished your work. some day KorAa-HH6y,nb XH BcnoMHHHib 06 3XHX cjiobax. Some day you will remember these words. some time ago H 6mi xa\i Korfl;a-xo. / was there some time ago. KOrflA-HHE^flk adv. KOr#A-TO adv. KO3KA /. 1. skin. K6>Ka JiHna. The skin of the face. LJsex KO>KH. Complexion. 2. leather. HeMo^aH HS KO?KH. A leather suitcase. KO5KAH bifl, -aa, -oe, -ue leather KojKaHLiii HeMOAaH. A leather suitcase. KoHtaiioe Kpecjio. A leather arm-chair. KojKaHiie xy( )JiH. Leather shoes. KOJIBACA /. (luncheon) sausage Kon l ie'haa KOJiSaca. Smoked sausage. Bapenaa KOJiSaca. Boiled sausage. Byxep6poA c KOJiSacon. A sausage sandwich. KOJIEBATbCH, KOJie6ji iocb, -enibca, -roxca imp. 1. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to tremble. Jlncxba ^epebbeb KOJie6- jiroxca ox Bexpa. The leaves of the trees are trembling in the wind. 2. 1st & 2nd pers. not used, to fluctuate. LJeHBi na PMHKC KOJie6- Jiioxca. The prices on the market fluctuate. 3. to hesitate. Kojie6axbca B oueh- KC HejioBeKa. To hesitate in assessing a person. KOJIEH O neut., pi. -H knees IIocaAHXb pege'hka Ha KOJICHH. To put a child on one's lap. MajibHHK CH^eJi na KOJienax y Maxepn. The boy was on his mother's lap. Cxoaxb Ha KOJienax. To be kneeling KOJIECO neut, pi. KOJieca wheel KoJieco MamHHBi. A wheel of a machine. KOJIfiHECTBO neut. quantity KojiMHecxBO BOAH B 6acceiiHe. The quantity of water in a swimmingpool. KOJIJIEKTfiB m. collective body ^pyjkhtiil KOJiJieKXHB. A united collective. KOJIJICKXHE ^)a6phkh. The collective of a factory. KOJLJIEKTflBHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie collective KoJiJieKXHBHbiH AoroBOp. A collective agreement. KoJiJieKxiiBHoe xoaahcxbo. A collective farm. KOJIOHHAJIbH blh, -aa, -oe, -bie colonial KoJiOHHaJibHbiii pejkhm. A colonial regime. KoJionnaJibHaa nojihxhka. A colonial policy.

60 KOJI 56 KOH KOJIOHHfl /. colony HapoAH KOJIOHHH. The peoples of the colonies. KOJIOHHA /. 1. column. 3aji c 6ejibiMH KOJIOH- H3MH. A hall with white columns. 2. column. KoJioiraa cnopxcmenob. A column uf sportsmen. KOJIX03 m. collective farm HepeflOBOH KOJIXOS. A foremost collective farm. Pa66xaxb B KOJIxoae. To work on a collective farm. KOJIXO3HHK m. collective farmer KOJIXOSHHKH y6iipaiot ypojkan. The collective farmers are gathering in the harvest. KOJIXG3H BIfl, -an, -oe, -Lie of a collective farm KoJixoanaH c66ctb6hhoctb. Collective-farm property. KOJIBIJO neut., pi. KOJibija, KOJieij, KOjibijaM, etc. 1. ring. SojiOToe KOJibii;6. A gold ring. 2. circle. Exaxb no KOJibu,y. To go on a train servicing the Circle Line (in the Moscow underground railway). team QyxSoJibHan KOMan^a. A football team. commander KoManvjiip nojika. A regiment commander. KoMaHfliip napxnaahckoro KOMAHJJA /. KOMAHftflP m. oxph,na. The commander of a guerrilla detachment. KOMAHtflOBATB,.y ro, -yenib, -yiox imp. K e M? H e M? to command KoMan^OBaib apmneii. To command an army. KOMBAflH m. combine yrojibhbiii KOMSafin. A coal mining combine. KOMBHHAT m. mill, plant OH pa66xaex na 6yMa?KHOM KOM6n- Haie. He works at a paper mill. <> KoMSmiaT SwTOBoro o6c;iy>khimuiih. A personal service establishment. KOMflCCHfl /. commission ITpneMHaH KOMPICCHH. A selection commission. HaSHpaTejibHan KO- MHCCHH. An election commission. KOMHTET m. committee IJeHTpaJIbHHH KOMHTCT KOMMyHHC- THHCCKOH napihh CoBeiCKoro Coro- 3a. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. HcnojiHiiTeJibHHH KOMIITCT. An executive committee. KOMMyHfl3M m., no pi. communism GxpoiiTb KOMMyniisM. To build communism. KOMMyHflCT m. Communist CoK>3 KOMMyHHCTOB. The Union of Communists. HapTHfl KOMMyHHCTOB. A Communist Party. KOMMyHHCTftqECKIHfl, -an, oe, -ne 1. communist. KoMMyHHCifnecKafl napxhh CoBeiCKoro Corosa. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. 2. communist. Bpura^a KOMMVHHC- THHecKorb xpy.ua. A brigade of Communist Labour. room KOMHATA /. Ho Ban KOMnaxa. A new room. Gflex- JiaH KOMHaxa. A bright room. B KOMHaxe xenjio. It is warm in the room. KOMIIO3flTOP m. composer HsBecxHHH KOMnoaiixop. A wellknown composer. KOMCOMOJI m. the munist League Young Com- KOMCOMO JIEIJ m., gen. -Jibna Young Communist Leaguer AKXiiBHbiH KOMCOMOJien;. An active Young Communist Leaguer. Ha cxpohkax pasoxaex MHOFO KOMCO- MoJibn;eB. Many Young Communist Leaguers work at the construction sites. KOMCOMOJIBCKIHH, -an, -oe, -ne Young Communist League KOMCOMOJIbCKHH 6HJI6X. A Y Cling Communist League (membership) card. KoMCOMOJibCKoe co6pahnc. A Y.C.L. meeting. KOHBEPT m. envelope Kyniixb KOHBepx. To buy an envelope. SaKJienxb KOHBepx. To seal an envelope. KOHIEIJ m., gen. -ua end KoHen; KHHrn. The end of the book. <> B Komie KOIIHOB. At last, at the end. HO;IO;KMTI, KOIICII, iemy- JIHOO. To put an end to something. CeOHHTb Koiiubi c KoimaMii. To make both ends meet.

61 KOH 57 KOC KOHEHHO [-am-] 1. paren. word certainly. Tbi, KO- He^HO, snaenib 06 BTOM. You certainly know that. 2. particle of course. Tti nofiflemt B KHHO? KoneHHo! "Will you go to the cinema?" "Of course!" KOHCEPB bi pi., no sing., gen. -OB food preserves OsomHtie KOHCepfiH. Canned vegetables. MflCHbie KOHCepBM. Canned meat. Pbi6Hbie KoncepBbi. Canned fish. KOHCTHT^IJHH /. constitution KOHTPOJIbH bih, -an, -oe, -He control, test IlHcaTb KOHXpoJibHyio pa66xy. To write a test-paper. KOHOETA /. sweet A chocolate. IHoKOJiaAHafl KOH( )eta. HflTbCOT rpammob KOH( )et. Five hundred grammes of sweets. KOHIJEPT m. 1. concert. KoHu,epT necnn H HJIC- KH. A concert of songs and dances. Konn;epT xynotkeci- B6HHOH camoflehxejibhocxh. An 1 amateur performers concert. 2. concerto. Komjepx ^JIH ckpimkii c opkecxpom. A concerto for violin and orchestra. KOHHA Tb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. HTO? & -\-inf. Ip. KoHH HXb, -y, -Hinb, -ax 1. to finish. Konqnxb 6eceay. To finish a conversation. IleBHija KOHHHJia nexb. The singer finished singing. 2. to finish, to graduate. KoEranxb mkojiy. To finish school. KOH- HHTb yhhbepchtet. To graduate from the University. KOH^AjTbCa, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -IOTCH imp. / p. KOH^lHTbcfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -axcn to end KonijepT KonqaeiCH B 10 nacob senepa. The concert ends at 10 o'clock in the evening. KOHHHTb see KOHHATb KOHHHTbCH see KOHHATbCfl KOHb m., gen. KOHH; pi. KOHH, KO- Hefi, KOHHM, etc. horse Exaib na Kone. To ride on horseback. KOHbKfl pi., sing. KOHCK m., gen. KOHbKa skates BeroBbie KOHbKti. Racing skates. KaxaxbCH na noiibkax. To skate. KOHElflKA /., gen. pi. -en copeck (the smallest Russian coin, 1/100 of a rouble). Oflna KoneiiKa. One copeck. J^se KoneiiKH. Two copecks. IlHTb KOiieeK. Five copecks. KOPABJI b m., gen. -H ship BoeHHLiii KOpa6jib. A warship. KOP EHb m., gen. -HH 1. root. Kopenb paciehna. The root of a plant. 2. root. Kopenb cjiofla. The root of a word. 3. root. HsBJienb KBa^paTHbiH KOpenb H3 Hiicjia. To extract the square root of a number. O CMOTpexb B Kopenb. To get at the root (of something). KOPHJJOP m. corridor, passage KOPflHHEBIbEtt, -an, -oe, -He brown KOPMflTb, KOpMJIK), KOpMHfflb, Kop- MHT imp. K o r 6? H e M? / p. na- KOpMHTb, HaKODMJIK), HaKOpMHOIb, HanopMHT to feed Maib KOPMHT pesehka cynom. The mother gives soup to her child. KOPOE KA /., gen. pi. -OK box Kop66i\a cnnqek. A box of matches. KopoSKa KOH( )et. A box of sweets. KOPOBA /. cow B KOJixoae MHoro KOpoB. The collective farm has many cows. KOPOJI b m., gen. -ii king KOPOTKIHW, -an, -oe, -ne, short form KOpOTOK, KOpOTKa, KOpOTK 0, -II', adv. KOpoxKo; comp. nopone short 1. Short. KopOTKHH HHA>KaK. A short coat. KopoiKaH KypTKa. A short jacket. 2. short. KOPOTKHH cpok. A short time. KOPOTKHH paarobop. A short conversation. KopOTKO OT- BexHTb. To answer briefly. 3. only short form too short. K)6Ka en KOpOTKa. The skirt is too short for her. KOCMflHECKlHtt, -an, -oe, -He cosmic, space KocMHHecKoe npocipanctbo. Space. KocMHqecKHH KOpaSjib. A spaceship. KocMinecKHe JIVHH. Cosmic rays.

62 KOC 58 KPE KOCMOHABT m. cosmonaut K6CMOC m. cosmos, space May^eHHe KocMOca. Studying space. IIoJiexH B KOCMOC. Space flights. KOCH^TbCH see KACATbCH KOCT b /., gen. pi. -en bone IlepeJioM KOCTH. A fracture. KOCTIDM m. suit, costume CnopXHBHHH KOCTIOM. A sports costume. KynHTb KOCTIOM. To buy a suit. KOTJIETA /. cutlet, rissole MncHbie KOXJICXH. Meat cutlets (rissoles). JKapHXb KOXJiexH. To fry cutlets. KOTOP blfl, -an, -oe, -He 1. who, which. H snaio xobapnma, KOxopHH npnexaji HS JlennHrpafl,a. / know the comrade who came from Leningrad. 2. what, which. Koxopnn nac? What time is it? Fae Kmira, KO- Topyio TW o6ein.aji? Where is the book which you promised? KO<DE m., indecl. t no pi. 1. coffee. IlJiaHxaHHH Ko< >e. A coffee plantation. 2. coffee. limb HepHLiii Ko<j>e. To drink black coffee. K6$e c MO- JIOKOM. White coffee. KOm KA /., gen. pi. -ek cat Hepnan Konma. A black cat. KPAH m., prepos. o Kpae & B Kparo, na Kparo; pi. KpaH 1. edge. Ha Kpaio CTOJia. On the edge of the table. 2. land. PO^HOH KpaH. The native land. TenJibie Kpaa. Warm lands. 3. territory. OraBponoJibCKHH Kpan. Stavropol territory. KPAH m. 1. tap. BojjonpOBonHLiH Kpan. A water tap. OiKpoH KpaH. Turn the tap on. 2. crane. nofltemhtin KpaH. A crane. KPACflB blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form KpacHB, -a, -o, -H; adv. Kpa- CHBO beautiful; handsome KpaciiBan AesymKa. A beautiful girl. KpacHBaH MeCTHOCTb. Beautiful country. BoKpyr oiehb KpacH- BO. Everything around is very beautiful. KPA CHTb, -my, -cnmb, -CHT imp. HTO? / p. nokpa chtb, -tny, -cnmb, -CHT to paint KpacHTb HOJI. To paint the floor. KPAC KA /., gen. pi. -OK paint ToJiyGan KpacKa. Blue paint. KPACHE Tb, -TO, -emb, -K>T imp. / p. nokpacne Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT to turn red; to blush, to flush H6JIOKH nokpacnejih. The apples turned red. Kpacnexb OT CTHfta. To blush with shame. KPACH blfl, -an, -oe, -ne, short form Kpacen, Kpacna, Kpacnjo, -H red KpaciiHH KapaHflain. A red pencil. <> Kpacnafl njioma^b. Red Square. KPA CTb, -jty, -emb, -^yr, past Kpaji, -a, -o, -H imp. ITO? y KOTO?/ p. ykpa CTb, -ay, -aemb, -A^T, past ykpaji, -a, -o, -H to steal He stole OH ykpaji y nnx Aenbrn. mtihey from them. KPATK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form Kpai-oK, KpaTKa, KpaTK o, -H; adv. KpaiKO short, brief, concise KpaTKHH flok^afl. brief report. KpaiKHfi cjiobapb. A concise dictionary. H 6y;jy KpaxoK. /'// be brief. KPEMJI b m., gen. -H the citadel of an old Russian town MOCKOBCKHH KpeMJib. The Moscow Kremlin. KPEnK Hft, -an, -oe, -He, short form KpenoK, KpenKa, KpenKjo, -H; adv. KpenKo; comp. Kpen^e 1. hard. KpenKHH opex. Hard nut. 2. strong. KpenKHH oprahh3m. A strong organism. 3. strong. KpenKoe BHHO. Strong wine. KpenKHH nan. Strong tea. <> Kpeniuiii COH. A sound sleep. KpenKo cnatb. To sleep soundly. KPElIH ytb, -y, -emb, -yx, past Kpen, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH imp. /p. OKpen- H yib, -y, -emb, -yx, past okp6n, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH to grow stronger Pe6e*HOK OKpen. The child grew stronger. Kp^nnex ^py?k6a Meay cxpanamh. The friendship between countries grows stronger. KPEC JIO neut., gen. pi. -eji armchair MarKoe Kpecjio. A soft armchair. GHA^xb B KpecJie. To sit in an armchair.

63 KPE 59 KTO KPECTbUHHH m., pi. Kpecxbjrae, KpecxbHH peasant KPECTbflHCKlHfi, -an, -oe, -ne peasant KpecxbHHCKan cembfi. A peasant family. KPHB Ofl, -an, --6e, -He crooked Kpusafl JIHHHH. A crooked line. KpnBafl yjrana. A crooked street. KPflKHyTb see KPHHATb KPHH ATb, -y, -nmb, -ax imp./ p. KpiiKHlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx to cry, to shout Kpnnaxb OT SOJIH. To cry with pain. He Kpnnvixe na MCHH! Don't shout at me! bed JJepeBHHHafl KpoBaTb. A wooden KPOBATb /. bed. JIoKaxb Ha KpOBaxn. To lie on a bed. KPOBb /., no pi., prepos. B blood OH nopeaaji najien;, nok KpOBb. He cut his finger and blood appeared. <> BopoxfaCfl 30 nocjieflhefi Kanjin Kponu. To fight to one's last drop of blood. KPOME prep.-}- gen. 1. except. HpHHiJiH see, KpoMe OflHoro cxyaehxa. Everybody came, except one student. 2. besides. KpoMe MCHH, npmnjio ein,e HeCKOJibKO HeJioBeK. A few people came besides myself. O OH xopomo nrpaex B BOJiefiSoji, a Kpoine Toro OH nenjioxofi uiaxmatiict. He plays volley-ball well, besides he is not a bad chessplayer. KPyr m., pi. -ii 1. circle. Iljioma^b Kpyra. The area of a circle. 2. circle. TannyioiHHe ospaaosajih mnpokhh Kpyr. The dancers formed a large circle. <> B Kpyry apyaefi. Among -friends. B TBCHOM Kpyry. Among friends. KPyrJI blfl, -an, short -oe,^-he, form npyrji, npyrjia, Kpyrjijo, -H round KpyrJitiH GXOJI. A round table. Kpyrjioe JIH^6. A round face. <> Kpyrjiwfi roff. The whole year round. Kpyrjibie CVTKH men. It rained round the clock. Kpyrjibifi cupoxa. A complete orphan. Kpyrjiwii OTJIHUHHK. A pupil with only excellent marks. Kpyr- aypak. An utter fool. OK m., gen. -Ka circle, society JlnxepaxypHBiH KpyHCOK. A literary society. KpyJKoK nehhh. A singing group. KPyriH bifl, -an, -oe, -bie large KpynHoe npeanpnaxiie. A large enterprise. KpynnaH nocxb. Large-scale industry. <> PasMenaTb Kpyniibio To change large bank-notes. Kpyn- HbiS paarobop. A serious conversation. KPyTjOfl, -aa, -oe, -we, short form Kpyx, Kpyxa, Kpyx o, -H; adv. npyxo 1. steep. Kpyxaa ropa. A steep hill. 2. sharp. Kpyxon nobopox ^oporn. A sharp turn of the road. 3. fig. sharp. Kpyxofi A sharp temper. xapanxep. KPblJIO neut., pi. KpbiJibH wing Kpmio nxmd,bi. The wing of a bird. KptiJio camojiexa. The wing of a plane. KPb'IfflA /. roof JKeJiesnaa Kprnraa. A metal roof. KpBiina floma. The roof of a house. -ek lid KPim KA /., gen. pi. KpbiraKa ^ahhhka. The teapot (teakettle) lid. KCTATH adv. & par en. word by the way, on the way Kor/ja noh^emb B Maraann, ncxaxn saaflh na no^xy. When you go to the shop, call at the post-office on f the way. Kcxaxn, OH ywe npnexaji? By the way, has he already come? KTO pron., gen., ace. KOTO [nabo], dat. KOMy, instr. KOM, prepos. o KOM who Kxo nphme'ji? Who has come? Koro Hex B KJiacce? Who is absent from the class? KoMy ji;axb KHiiry? Whom shall I give the book to? Koro xti xam BHAHHib? Whom do you see there? KCM XH He^oBOJieH? Whom are you displeased with? O KOM XH flymaemb? Whom are you thinking about? H anaro, KXO BSHJI MOH CJIQ- Bapb. / know who has taken my dictionary.

64 KTO 60 pron., gen., ace. -], dat. instr. KeM-Hii6yAb, prepos. o KOM- HH6yAfc somebody, anybody KTo-HH6yA b npnmeji? Has anybody come? CKanm KOMy-Hn6yA b 06 STOM. Tell somebody about that. KTO-TO pron., gen., ace. KOFO-TO [na- BO-], dat. KOMy-To, instr. KGM-TO, prepos. o KOM-TO somebody KTO-TO Bome'ji B KOMHaTy, HO OH He BHACJI, KTO. Somebody entered. the room but he could not see who it was. KV#A adv. where KyAa TH HAemb? Where are you going? HaAO pemhtb, KyAa MH noea^m JICTOM. We must decide where we shall go in the summer. KyflA-flHEyjJb adv. somewhere IIoJKKH KHHru KyAa-HH6yA*> H nohaem. Put the books somewhere and let's go. KY^A-TO adv. somewhere fl KyAa-To nojiojkhji CBO/I KHiirn. / put my books somewhere. OH Ky- Aa-TO ymeji. He has gone somewhere. KYJTAK m., gen. -a fist VAapHTb KyjiaKoM no ctojiy. To strike the table with one's fist. KYJIbTYPA /. 1. culture. HcTopiiH The history of culture. KyJibTypH. A cultural worker. 2. crop. SepnoBLie KyjibTypw. Cereal crops. TexHiinecKne Typti. Technical crops. 3. culture. HeJiOBeK SoJibinoii Typbi. A man of great culture. 4.: KyjibTypa nponsboactba. Standard of production. KyjILT^PHlblfl, -ah, -oe, -bie, short form KyjibTypen, KyJibTypn a, -o, -M 1. cultured. KyJibTypHbiii ^ejiobck. A cultured man. OHH HCAOCTa- TOHHO KyjibTypHH. They are not cultured enough. 2. only complete form cultural. KyJibTypntie CBHSH. Cultural relations. KynA TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOTCH imp. to bathe KynaTbca B Mope. To bathe in the sea. KYnflTb see nokyilatb KYPflTb, Kypro, Kypmnb, KypHT imp. H T o?//?. nokyphtb, nokypio, no- Kypninb, nokypht to smoke KypiiTb nannpocbi. To smoke cigarettes. BH KypHTe? Do you smoke? KypiiTe, nojkajiyhcta. Nave a cigarette, please. KYPHIJA f., pi. K ypbi 1. hen. BeJiaa Kypnita. A white hen. 2. chicken. JKapenafl KypH^a. Roast chicken. Cyn c KypHEiieH. Chicken soup. KYPC m. 1. course, series. KP&TKHM nypc HCTOPHH. A short history course. HpocjiymaTb Kypc JieKHHH no JiHTepaType. To listen to a series of lectures on literature. 2. year of study. GTyAeHT BTOporo Kypca. A second-year student. OH yhhtca na TpeTbeM Kypce. He is in his third year. BTOpoH Kypc aannmaetch B ayahtopmi HOMep 5. The second year students are in room No. 5. <> BbiTb B Kypce. To be in the know. KYClOK m., gen. -Ka piece BoJibmo H KycoK cwpa. A large piece of cheese. KycoK xjie6a. Apiece of bread. KycoK caxapa. A lump of sugar. KYCT m., gen. -a bush IIpHTaTbCH B KycTax. To hide in the bushes. KYXIHfl /., gen. pi. -ohb kitchen FoTOBHTb o6ea sa Kyxne. To cook dinner in the kitchen. KymA Tb, -K> (1st pers. rarely used), -erab, -IOT imp, HTO? / p. nokyma Tb, -K), -einb, -IOT to eat KymaHTe, nojkajiyiicta. Help yourself. JI, JlATEP b m., pi. -H camp IlHOHepcKHH jiarepfc. A Young Pioneers' camp. TypncTHHecKHH Jiarepb. A tourist camp. JIAflHO particle colloq. all right MM ceroahh nohaem B KHHO? JlaAHO. "Shall we go to the pictures today?" "All right" Ji

65 JIAM 61 JIEC JlAMHA /. lamp; light SjieKTpjfaecKaH JiaMna. An electric lamp. HacxoJibHaH JiaMna. A desk lamp. JiaMna B 40 Baxx. A 40-watt lamp. JiaMna na 127 BOJibx. A 127 -volt bulb. JIACKOB blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form JiacKOB, -a, -o, -H; adv. jiac- KOBO 1. affectionate, kind. JlacKOBan Maxb. An affectionate mother. JIacKOBHH BarjiHA- A kind look. JIacKOBoe Jinno. A kind face. JIacKOBO yjibi6axbch. To smile affectionately. 2. fig. gentle. JlacKOBuii Bexep. A gentle wind. JIacKOBoe COJTH- He. A caressing sun. <> JIacKOBoe CJIOBO, ITO BecenmiH ACHb (proverb). An endearing word is like a spring day..lebjblil, -an, -oe, -tie left JlesaH pyka. The left hand (arm). Jlesan nora. The left foot (leg). MOH AOM Ha JIBBOH cxopone yjinnbi. My house is on the left side of the street. JIEFKIHH, -aa, -oe, -lie [-XK-], short form jierok, JierK a, -6, -H; adv. Jierno; comp. Jier^e 1. light. Jlernan cymka. A light bag. 2. easy. JlernaH pa6dxa. Easy work. JlerKan sa^ana. An easy task. 3xy aaflany H JierKo pe- UIHJI. / solved that task easily. 3. slight. JlerKHH Mopos. A slight frost. 4. easy. JlerKHH xapanxep. An easy temper. <> JlerKan npombiinjiehhoctb. Light industry. JlerKaa Myui.iKa. Light music, y nero JierKo na Jiyiiie (predic. impers.). He feels lighthearted. JIErKOMb'ICJIEHHIWfl, -an, -oe, -tie 1. light-headed. JlerKOMLicjieHHbiH HCJioBeK. A light-headed person. 2. light-headed. JlerKOMbicjieHHbiH nocxynok. A light-headed action. JIEJJ m., gen. Jib^a ice XopoiHHH Jie',0; Ha KaTKe. Good ice on the skating-rink. BaJieT na Jib^y. Ice-ballet. JIE^HH OH, -an, -6e, -Me 1. ice. Jle^HHan aopojkka. An ice track. 2. fig. icy. JleAHHOH BSFJIH/I;. An icy look. OH CKaaaJi axo Jieflfl- HMM TOHOM. He said that icily. JIE5K ATb 5 -y, -Hrab, -ax imp. 1. to lie, to be. Jlewaxb na To lie on a divan. KHHFH na CTOJie. The books are on the table. 2. to lie, to be ill. JlemaTb B no- CTeJiH. To lie in bed. MOH TOBapHm. y>ke 2 Mecaija JIOKHT B SoJib- HHue. My friend has already been in hospital for two months. <> y nero cepmte He JieJKHT K pasoxe. He has a distaste for this work. JIE3 TB, -y, -emb, -yx, past Jiea, -Jia, -^:o, -JIH imp. Kyjja? 1. to climb. JleaTb na AepeBo. To climb a tree. Jlesxr. Ha ropy. To climb a mountain. 2. to get. Jleaxb B BOAy. To get into the water. 3.: JlesTb B KapMan. To put one's hand into one's pocket. <> Jleaxb He B CBOC* A^JIO (colloq.). Cf. To poke one's note into other people's affairs. He jieaxb sa CJIG- BOM B KapMan. To have a ready tongue. JIEKAPCTBO neut. medicine FopbKoe JieKapcTBo. A bitter medicine. ITpHHHMaTb JICKapCTBO. To take medicine. JieKapcTBo OT Kanijia. Cough medicine. JIEKI^HH /. lecture HHTepecnan JiennHH. An interesting lecture. JleKUHH no MaxeMaTHKe. A lecture on mathematics. ^Hxaxb (cjiymaxb) JieKiiiHH. To deliver (to listen to) lectures. Ha JieKijHH SbiJio MHoro Hap6a. There were many people at the lecture. JIEHHB blfl, -ah, -oe, -bie, short form jiehhb, -a, -o, -H; adv. JICHHBO lazy JlemiBbiii cxyaehx. A lazy student. JleHHBo pa66xaxb. To work lazily. JIEHTA /. ribbon ToJiy6aH Jienxa. A pale blue ribbon. JIEC m., prepos. o Jiece & B Jiecy; pi. jieca wood, forest TycxoH Jiec. A dense forest. Mbi AOJiro ryjihjih no ocehhcmy Jiecy. We walked in the autumn forest for a long time. Ha TeppnxopHH CCGP ecxb H JIHCXBCHHbie H XBOHHblC

66 JIEC 62 JIHIJ jieca. There are deciduous and coniferous forests on the territory of the USSR. JIECTHHIJA /. staircase niapokah JiecxHHna. A broad staircase. HOflHHXbCH HO JieCTHHIje. To go up the stairs. 3xa JiecxHHna se^et na BxopOH axajk. This staircase leads to the first floor. JIETA Tb, -K), -emb, -K>T imp. to fly nxihjbi JiexatoT. Birds fly. CaMOJie- TBI H3 MOCKBM JlCXaiOX B JleHHHrpafl KajKfltiH ftchb. Planes fly from Moscow to Leningrad every day. JIE TTb, -ny, -Tiirab, -xex imp. to fly 1. to fly. 3XOX CaMOJieX JieXHX B MocKBy. That plane is flying to MOSCOW. IITHH.LI JieXHX H3 JOT. The birds are flying to the south. 2. fig. to fly. Bwcxpo JICXHX Bpe- MH. Time flies. JIETH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He 1. summer. JlexHHH #ehb. A summer day. 2. summer. Jlexnee njiaxbe, najibxo. A summer dress, overcoat. 3. summer. JlexHne KamiKyjibi. Summer holidays. JIETO neut., no pi. summer H\apKoe cyxoe A Jiexo. dry hot summer. IIpOBecxH JICTO na Mope, na ^ahe. To spend the summer at the seaside, in the country. JIETOM adv. in summer JlexoM H ox^bixaio Ha Mope. In summer I rest at the seaside. JIETHHK m. flyer O noabnre Jiex^HKa Mapecbesa 3Haex secb MHp. The whole world knows about the flyer Alaresyev's feat. JIE^flTb, Jie^y, jie^nmb, Jie^ax imp. Kor6? HTO? ox Her 6? ne M?/ p. BHJieHjHXb, -y, iiinb, -ax to treat Bpan JieHHx 6oJibHoro ox rpiinna. The doctor is treating the patient for the 'flu. JIEHb see JICWKflTbCH JIH particle whether He xoxhxe JIH BU HOHXH B xeaxp? Don't you want to go to the theatre? Ecxb JIH y sac axa KHiira? Have you got that book? OH cnpoccrji, (ne) y JIH a ceroflhh B 6H6jiHoxeKy. He asked whether I should go to the library today. JIHH flka /., gen. pi. -ek 1. ruler. 2. line. Texpaflb B jihhchky. A ruled copy-book. JIflHHH /. 1. line. IIpHMaH JIHHHH. A straight line. KPHB&H JIHHHH. A curved line. ITapaJiJiejibHtie JIIIHIIII. Parallel lines. 2. fig. policy. Jlimna napxhh. The policy of a party. JIHCT 1 m., pi. jihcxbh, Jiiicxbes leaf Ocennne JiHcxbH. Autumn leaves. JlacxbH B ca^y nojkejixejin. The leaves in the garden have turned yellow. JIHCT 2 m., pi. JIHCXM, JIHCXOB sheet Jlncx 6yMarn. A sheet of paper. Jlncx JKCJieaa. A sheet of iron. JIHTEeAT^PA /. 1. literature. CoBexcKaa Jinxepaxypa. Soviet literature. Apa6cKan jihxepaxypa. Arabic literature. Hayn^ixb Jinxepaxypy. To study literature. 2. literature. Jlnxepaxypa no axomy Bonpocy. The literature on this subject. -bie liter- JIHTEPAT#PH blft, -an, -oe, ary JlnxepaxypHbiH HSHK. The literary language'. Jlnxepax^pnoe nponsbefl;ehhe. A work of literature. JlnxepaxypnbiH Kpy^toK. A literary society. JIHTb, Jib K>, -emb, -iox; imper. JICH! Jienxe! imp. HXO? to pour Jlnxb BoAy B cxanah. To pour water into the glass. <> /JojKAfc Jiber KaK H3 ne^pa. It is raining cats and dogs. JIHIJO neut., pi. Jii'ma face 1. face. BjieAHoe Jinno. A pale face. PyMHHoe Jinno.^ A rosy face. IIo ee Jinny xenyx cjieau. Tears are streaming down her cheeks. 2. face. OH CXOHJI JIHUOM K OKHy. He stood with his face turned to the window. <0" FOBOpHTb B JIHUO HTO-JlHSo KO- My-JiH6o. To say something to somebody's face. BwcTynarb or jraija Koro-jiH6o. To speak on

67 JIHH 63 JIV1 somebody's behalf. Ha HCM JIHua nex! He looks awful! JlOTli bifl, -an, -oe, -He personal, private Jlirman c66cxbehhocxb. Personal property. JlniHoe AeJio. One's private business. JIflfflfl Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne 1. extra, spare. Hex JIH y Bac jinnraero 6HJiexa? Have you got a spare ticket? 2. unnecessary. 3xn Bemn JiunraHe, a He B03bMy HX c co6oh. These things are unnecessary; I won't take them with me. JIOB m., gen. Ji6a forehead BHCOKHH Jio6. A high forehead. HWSKHH Jio6. A low forehead. JIOBflTb, JIOBJIK), jiobhmb, JIOBHT imp. K o r 6? H x o? ^em?//>. HOH- Ma xb, -lo, -emb, -IOT 1. to catch. IIoHMaxb M*n. To catch the ball. 2. to catch. JIoBHTb pti6y cexbio, y.hohkoh. To catch fish with a net, fishing-rod. JIoBHXb HXHU;. To catch birds. 3. fig. to catch, to devour. Jlosiixb BarJiHA. To catch somebody's eye. JIoBHXb CJIOBSL To devour every word. C> JIoBHTb na CJIOB6. To take somebody at his word. OH nofimaji ce6h HH MbJCJiH, ^TO ayinaet o nefi. He caught himself thinking about her. JIOBK HH, -an, -oe, -ne, short form JIOBOK, JioBKa, JIOBK O, -H; adv. JIOB- KO 1. agile. JIoBKHH cnopxcmen. An agile sportsman. 2. adroit. JIOBKHH nptijkok. An adroit jump. MaJibHHK JIOBKO BJies na flepebo. The boy climbed the tree adroitly. JIOA KA /., gen. pi. -OK boat B JiOflKe 6BIJIO xpn HeJiOBeKa. There were three people in the boat. KaxaxbCH na JIOAKC. To go boating. JIO5K fltbch, -ycb, -HnibCH, -axcn imp. KyAa?//?. Jie^b, Jin ry, ->Kenib, -ryx, past Jier, Jierji a, -6, -M; imper. jiar! JiHrxe! to lie fl Jier Ha flhbah. / lay down on the divan. H pano Jiowycb cnaxb. / go to bed early. JIO3K KA /., gen. pi. -CK spoon GxoJioBbie H ^anuhe JIOHSKH. Tablespoons and teaspoons. EpHHHMaxb jiekapcxbo no CXOJIOBOH Ji6)KKe xpn pasa B AeHb. To take a tablespoon of medicine three times a day. JIOMA Tb,-io, -erab, -K)x imp. HTO?/ p. cjioma xb, -lo, -erab, -iox 1. to break. CjioMaxb najiky. To break a stick. Pe6eHOK JioMaex HrpyraKH. The child breaks its toys. 2. fig.: OH flojiro JiOMaJi rojiosy HaA xpy^hoh aaaahen. He cudgelled his brains over the difficult problem for a long time. JIOMA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. / p. cjioma xbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH to break Men JiOMaexcH. The chalk crumbles. Eepo cjiomajiocb. The nib has broken. JlOniA/Jb /., gen. pi. JiomaAeH, instr. horse Jiornaflb. A draught horse. Ha JiomaflH. To ride a horse. JIYK m., no pi. onion(s) SeJieHHH JiyK. Spring onions. MHco c JIVKOM. Meat with onions. JIYHA /. moon Ha He6e no^hhjiacb MOJio^an Jiyna. A new moon rose in the sky. CosexcKiie yqe'hbie c^oxorpa^mpobajih ospaxhyio cxopony JlyHti. Soviet scientists photographed the reverse side of the Moon. JIYH m., gen. -a ray, beam JTy^n cojihua. Sunbeams. JI^HfflE 1. com/?, of adj. xopumiiii better. TBOH pncynok jiyqme, nem MOM. Your drawing is better than mine. 2. comp. of adv. xopomo better. IlHraMxe jiynnie! Write more carefully/ predic. impers. BoJibHOMy cxajio Jiynme. The sick man felt better. 3. particle rather. Mne He xo^excn H,O;XH B xeaxp, noh^em Jiynme B KHHO. / don't want to go to the theatre, let's rather go to the cinema.

68 JIYH 64 MAJI <> Cxapbiii apyr Jiymne HOBMX ABVX (proverb). An old friend is better than two new ones. noaano, Better late than never. Jlyime Bcero. Best of all. KaK MO/KHO Jiyime. As best as one can. -aa, -ee, -He superl. of xopomiiii the best 3xo Jiyninee 3Aanne B ropoae. This is the best building in the city. 3xo Jiy^fflHii cxyaehx Ha men rpynnbi. He is the best student in our group. 3xa KHiira Jiyqmee npona- BeAeHHe axoro nncaxejih. This book is the best work of this writer. pi., sing. Jibraw skis CJiOMaxb JibiJKH. To break one's skis. OHM JiioSnx XOAIITB Ha JibiJKax. They like to go skiing. KajKAoe BocnpeceHbe MM KaxaeMca Ha JIBI- H<ax. Every Sunday we go skiing. JIK)EHM blh, -an, -oe, -bie 1. beloved, favourite. JIio6HMafl ne- ByHiKa. One's beloved girl. JIio- OMMHH CHH. One's favourite son. 2. beloved, favourite.. One's beloved city. nncaxejib. One's favourite writer. JIio6HMaH KHiira. One's favourite book. JIioSiTMoe One's favourite dish. JIIOBHTb, Jiio6jii6, Jii66Hinb, imp. K o r 6? q T o? or -\- inf. / p. nojik6htb, nojirosjik), nojuosnuib, nojiiooht 1. to love. JIio5HTb poaiiny. To love one's country. JIioSnTb Maib. To love one's mother. IlojiK)6iixb AeBynmy. To fall in love with a girl. JlioSrixb Jinxepaxypy, pa66- xy. To love literature, work. 2. to like. H JiioSjiio nrpaxb na pohjie. / like to play the piano. JIK)B OBATBCH, -yrocb, -yenibch, -yroxch imp. K e M? H e M? / p. no- Jiio6 obaxbch, -yiocb, -yeuibcn, -yioxcn to admire JlK)6oBaXbCH BOCXOAOM COJIHIja. To admire the sunrise. JIio6oBaxbCH pesehkom. To admire a child. JIIOBGBb /., gen. jiio6bh, instr. JIK>- 6oBbK) K KOMy? K H6My? love JTepBan JiK)6oBb. One's first love. GqacxJiHBaH jiio66bb. A happy love. Heciacxnafl JiroSoBb. An unhappy love. JIioSoBb K poahhe, K JIIOAHM, K ABXHM, K pa66xe, K Hayne. Love of one's country, of people, of children, of work, of science. OH c jnosobbio CACJiaJi 3xy Ben;b. He made this thing with enthusiasm. JIK)E Ofi, -an, -6e, -we 1. any. IIpHxoAHxe KO MHC B jiio- 66e BpeMH. Come to see me at any time. OH 6biJi TOXOB BbinoJi- HflXb Jiio6yio pa66xy. He was ready to do any work. 2. used as n. anyone. JTroSoH BaM CKaJKex, TAC HaxdAHxcH Mexpo. Anyone will tell you where the underground station is. JIK)BOnb'ITH Wfl, -aa, -oe, -tie 1. curious. JIio6onbixHbiM nejiofiek. A curious person. 2. fig. inquisitive. JIio6onbixHbiH B3FJIHA. An inquisitive eye. pi., gen., ace. JIIOA^H, dat. JIIOAHM, instr. jiioatmh, prepos. o JIIOAHX; sing. nejiobek m. people MArASHH m. M, M shop IIpOAOBOJIbCXBeHHBIH food shop. KoHAMxepCKHH A confectionery. MaraaHH. A department store. Kyniixb npoaynxbi B Maraairae. To buy foodstuffs at a shop. MAfl m. May Teruibiii Man. A warm May. H po- AHJICH B Mae. / was born in May. MAJI, -a, -6, -bi short adj. (cf. MAJlEHbKHfl) too small 3XH 60XITHKH CXaJIH Majlbl MaJIb^H- Ky. These boots have become too small for the boy. MAJIEHbK HH, -an, -oe, -ne, short form Maji, MaJia, MaJio, Majibi; comp. Menbuie (q. v.) 1. small. MajieHbKan KOMHaxa. A small room. HeJioseK MajieHbKoro pocxa. A short man. 2. little. MaJieHbKHe ACTH. Little children. Tbi eme Maji. You are too young yet. MAJIO adv., comp. MeHbme (q. v.) little OH MaJio robopht, HO MHOFO e- Jiaex. He says little, but he does a lot. OH eji Majio Maca. He ate little

69 MAJI MEfl meat. Ha cxenax BHceno MBJIO Kapxim. There were few pictures on the walls. MAJIbHHK m. boy BocnnxaHHbiH MajibHHK. A wellbred boy. MaJib^HK CGMH Jiex. A seven-year-old boy. MAMA /. mummy MAP KA /., gen. pi. -OK postage stamp HoHTosaH Mapna. A postage stamp. KoJiJieKijHfl MapoK. A collection of stamps. HaKJienxb MapKy. To stick a stamp. MAPT m. March B Mapxe naihhaex xaaxb cner. In March the snow begins to thaw. MACJIO neut., no pi. 1. butter. CJiHBo^Hoe MSLCJIO. Butter. Xne6 c MacJiOM. Bread and butter. 2. oil. HoacoJiHe^Hoe MacJio. Sunflower-seed oil. MACTEP m., pi. -a 1.: HacoBOH Macxep. A watchmaker. 2.: TypreneB aamehaxejibhbih Macxep nensajka. Turgenev is extremely skilful in portraying nature. 3. foreman. Macxep B nexe. The foreman in a shop. 4. master. Macxep cnopxa. A master of sport. <> Macxep na see pykh. Jack-ofall-trades. MACTEPCK AH /., gen. -OH 1. repair sbop. Macxepcnaa no pe- MOHxy nacob. A watch repair shop. Pa66xaxB B MexamiHecKOH MacxepCKon. To work at a machine shop. 2. studio. MacxepCKan xyaojkhima. An artist's studio. MATEMATHKA /., no pi. mathematics BticmaH MaxeMaxHKa. Higher mathematics. 3K3aMCH no MaxeMaxuKe. An examination in mathematics. Hayqaxb MaxeMaxHKy. To study mathematics. MATEPHAJI m. 1. material. MaxepnaJi JIH nnccepxan;hh. Material for one's thesis. Go6npaxb Maxepnajibi o JKHSHH H3B6CXHOrO HHCaXCJIH. To COl lect material on the life of a well-known writer. 2. material. Maxepnaji na KOCXIOM. Material for a suit. IQeJiKOBLiH Maxepnaji. Silk material. MATPOC m. deckhand, sailor, seaman Maxpoc. A brave seaman. MaxpocoM na K0pa6jie. To serve as a deckhand on a ship. MATb /., gen., dat., prepos. Maxepn, instr. Maxepbro; pi. Maxepn, \taxepen, etc. mother JIio6HMaH Maxb. One's beloved mother. V Maxepn ^Boe ffexen. The mother has two children. <>^P6flHHa-MaTb. Mother country. or MAXATb, Mamy, Mamemb, Mamyx colloq. Maxalro, -enib, -lox imp. K o- M y? q e M?/p. MaxH yxb, -y, -emb, -yx to Wave, to flap Maxaxb njiaxnom na npomanbe. To wave good-bye with one's handkerchief. Maxaxb pykoti xobapnni;y. To wave one's hand to a friend. Ilxi'ma Mamex KpwJibHMH. The bird is flapping its wings. MAXHYTb see MAXATb MAmflHA /. 1. machine, engine. EapoBan MamHHa. A steam engine. GejibCKOxo3flHcxBeiraafl Mami'ma. An agricultural machine. ElBeHnafl MamHHa. A sewing machine. 2. motor-car. JlerKOBan Mamima. A passenger-car. FpyaoBan MamHHa. A lorry. Exaxb na Mamiine. To ride in a car. MEBEJIb /., no pi. furniture MnrKan MeSeJib. Upholstered furniture. Kymixb nofiyio MeSeJib. To buy new furniture. ME^AJIb /. medal HarpajKjjaxb Me^aJibio. To award a medal. OKonnnxb mnojiy c SOJIQ- TOH Me^aJibro. To get a gold medal on leaving school. GnopxcMen sasoebaji Me^aJib. The sportsman won a medal. MEftBEJJb m. bear BeJibiH Me^BeAb. A polar bear. MEJJHIJfiHA /., no pi. medicine (science) CKlHfl, -an, -oe, -He medical MeAHijHHCKHH HHCXHxyx. A medical institute.

70 66 MEP MEAJIEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. MCAJieHHO slow MeAJieHHbiii BajibC. A slow waltz. FoBOpHXb MeAJieHHO. To speak slowly. Pa66xaxb MeAJieHHO. To work slowly. MEJKfly prep. -f instr. between MeJKAy nraa(om H micbmemibim CTOJIOM CXOHJIO KpecJio. There was an armchair between the bookcase and the desk. 3xo nponaomjio Me?KAy 1942 H 1945 TOAOM. That happened between 1942 and fta 3ApaBcxByex Map H py?k6a M&KAy HapoAaMHl Long live peace and friendship between peoples! <> MeJKAy npoihm. By the way. namii. Between ourselves. MejKAY MeJKfly iiamii robopa. Strictly between you and me. ME3KflyHAP0,HH bifl, _ ah _ oe> _ He international MejKAyHapoAHbie oxhomehhh. International relations. MejKAynapoAHafl oscxanobka. The international situation. MEJIK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. MeJiKo; comp. MeJib^e 1. small. MeJiKan pbi6a. Small fish. 2. small. MeJmaH Monexa. Small change. 3. flat. MeJiKaa TapeJiKa. A flat plate. 4. petty. MeJiKaa 6yp>Kya3HH. Petty bourgeoisie. 5. narrow. MBJIKHC HHTepecti. Narrow interests. 6. shallow. 3Aecb MCJIKO. It's shallow here. MEJIOHlb /., gen. pi. -en 1. no pi. change. B Maraawne MHC AaJiH CAa x iy MeJio^ibio. They gave me the change in small coins in the shop. 2. trifle. OH 3aHHMaexcH KaKHMH- TO MeJiO'iaMii. He is busy with some trifles. MeJionn JKHSHH. The trifles of life. 3io MeJio^H. These are trifles. MEHEE adv. less KaxaibCH na Jiwwax ne Menee HH- TepecHo, H6M KaxaibCH na KOHbKax. Skiing is no less interesting than skating. <> TCM He Menee. Nevertheless. MEHblHE 1. comp. of adj. Ma.iciii.icnii smaller. TBOH KOMHaxa MeHbme MOCH. Your room is smaller than mine. 2. comp. of adv. Ma.io less. Tw aa- HiiMaembcH MeHbnie, HCM naao. You spend less time on your studies than you ought to. MEHbfflHHCTBO neut. minority BojibniHHCxBo na cospannh TOJIOcoBajio sa, MCHbrnHHCXBo npo- XHB. The majority at the meeting voted for, and the minority voted against. MEHHlTbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOXCH imp. 1. I6M? 1 C K e M? p. o6m6hfl XbCH, -rocb, -embch, -IOXCH to exchange. MeenxbCH MapKaMH c xosaphin;em. To exchange postage stamps with a friend. 06MCHHXbjpH MH6HHHMH. To exchange opinions. 2. p. H3M6HHXbCH, H3MeHK)Cb, H3M6- HHmbCH, H3M6UHXCH to change. IIoroAa MenaexcH. The weather is changing. HacxpoeHne Me- HHCXCH. The mood is changing. IToroAa pe3ko H3Menwjiacb. The weather has changed sharply. MEPA /. 1. measure. Mepw RJIHUU. Measures of length. Mepu Beca. Measures of weight. 2. usu. pi. measures. PennixeJibHtie MepH. Decisive measures. IlpH- HHXb Mepu. To take measures. 9xa Mepa He uomorjia. This measure didn't help. <> 3xo HeimxepecHO, HO no Kpaiineii Mepe nojieano. This is not interesting but at least it is useful. -einb, -yx, past Mep3, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH imp. I p. 3aMep3H yxb, MEP3H ytb, -y, -y, -emb, -yx, past sameps, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH to freeze y MCHH samepsjih pykh. My hands are frozen. SHMOH H BcerAa Mepacold in winter. Hy. / always feel MEPjHTb, -H), -Hmb, -HX imp. q x o?/ p. nomeplnxb, -K), -nmb, -HX (or nphmepnxb) to try on Mepnxb KOCXIOM. To try on a suit. IToMepHxb xy<$jih. To try on shoes.

71 MEP 67 MEUI MEPTB biii> -an, -oe, -He dead MepxBoe A xejio. dead body. <> MepTsafl THranna. Dead silence. Cnaxb MepTBbiM CHOM. To sleep like a log. MECTH blfl, -an, -oe, -He local MecxHHe osbihan. Local customs. MCCTHHC JKHXCJIH HOKasaJIH XypITCxaM ftopory. The local inhabitants showed the tourists the way. MECT 0 neut., pi. -a, Mecx, -am, etc. 1. seat. 3xo MCCTO cbo66ffno? 7s this seat vacant? 3xo MCCXO. This seat is taken. Vcxy- MGCXO?KeHin,HHe. To offer one's seat to a woman. Bcxaxb c Mecxa. To stand up. 2. place, spot. JKHBonHcnoe Mecxo. A picturesque spot. <> 3-ro ero Gojibnoe MGCTO. This is his sore spot. MECHU; m. month SHMHHC MecHnH. Winter months. 5 MecHijeB naaaa. 5 months ago. B KaKOM Mecane BH pofliuiiicb? In which month were METAJIJI m. metal you born? MexajuiH. Ferrous metals. MexaJiJiH. Non-ferrous metals. METAJlJIfiHECKlHfl, -an, -oe, -ne metal METAJIJiyprflHECK Hn, -an,-oe,-he metallurgical MexaJiJiyprHHecKHH aabo^. A metallurgical plant. MexaJiJiypnfaecKan npomhmjiehhocxb. The metallurgical industry. m. method ekxhheckhh MexoA. The dialectical method. IIpaBHJibHHH Mexo^. The correct method. EpHMeHHXb HO- BHC Mexo^H. To use new methods. IIoJibaoBaxbCH MCXOAOM. To employ a method. METP m. metre Mexp. A square metre. Mexp. A cubic metre. 5 MexpOB MaxepnaJia. 5 metres of material. METPO neut., indecl. underground railway CxannHH Mexpo. An underground station. Exaxb na Mexpo. To go by the underground. KaK npoaxa K 5* Mexpo? What's the way underground station? to the MEX m., prepos. o Mexe & na Mexy; pi. -a fur JlHCHH M6X. FOX fur. IlyniHCXHH Mex. Soft fur. MEXAHHSAI^HH /., no pi. mechanisation MexamisaijHfl xpyn;a. The mechanisation of labour. MexairaaaijHH npon;eccob npoh3b6flcxba. The mechanisation of the production processes MEXAHH3flP OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox imp. & p. HXO? to mechanise MexaHHSHpOBaxb xpya. To mechanise labour. MexaHHSHposaxb cejib- CKoe X03HHCXBO. To mechanise agriculture. mechanic MEXAHHK m. B nexe pa66xaji cxaphh MexannK. An old mechanic worked in the shop. JleXHHK O^eHb ApyjKHJI CO CBOHM MexaHHKOM. The flyer was on very friendly terms with his mechanic. MEXAHfi^ECKIHfl, -an, -oe, -ne 1. of mechanics. MexaHifaecKHe sa- KOHBI. Laws of mechanics. 2. mechanics. MexaHMnecKiiii $a- Kyjibxex. The mechanics department. 3. mechanical. MexaHHiecKaa cwjia. Mechanical strength. MEXOB Ofl, -an, -6e, -ne fur MexoBoe najibxo. A fur coat. Mexo- Ban manna. A fur cap. ME^TA /., gen. pi. not used dream Menxbi o 6yAym;eM. Dreams of the future. MeHXH o c^acxbe. Dreams of happiness. Menxa seen JKHSHH. The dream of one's whole life. OcymecxBiixb CBOIO Me x ixy. To accomplish one's dream. Me^XH c6n- Jiricb. One's dreams have come true. MEHTA Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. ROM? o o H e M? to dream Menxaxb o c^acxbe. To dream of happiness. Menxaxb o nyxemecx- BHHX. To dream about travelling. MEHIA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. K o- M y? H e M y? -f- inf. / p. nomema xb, -K), -emb, -IQX to prevent, to hinder Pa^HO Memajio cxy^enxy sanhmaxb- CH. The radio prevented the student from studying. MEIE OK m., gen. -Ka sack MemoK MyKif. A sack of flour.

72 Mil. "I 68 MHO <> KyuHTb Koxa B MGIUKC (proverb). Gf. To buy a pig in a poke. militiaman 06paTHTbCH K MHJIHH.HOHepy. To ask a militiaman. MHJIMIJHOHEP m. MfL T I blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form MHJI, MHJia, MHJl 0, -bl nicg MriJian flebyinka. A nice girl. Mii- Jioe JiHH.6. A nice face. O C Mii.ibiM paii H B majiame (proverb). Gf. Love in a cottage. MflMO 1. adv. by. Upon MHMO. To pass by. 2. prep. -f- gen. past. IIoesA npoexaji MHMO CTannHH H HC OCTaHOBHJICH. The train went past the station without stopping. MHHHCTEPCTBO neut. ministry MHHHCTepCTBo (fttmancob. The Ministry of Finance. MnmicTepcTBO HHOCTpaHHbix fleji. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs. MHHHCTP m. minister BoeHHbiH MHHHCTP. The War Minister. MHHHCTP $HH&HCOB. The Minister for Finance. MHHHCTP BHcmero o6paaobahhfl. The Minister of Higher Education. IIpeMbep- MHHHCTp. The Prime Minister. Co- BGT MHHHCTpOB. The Council of Ministers. HpeflceAaTejib coeeta MH- HHCTPOB. The Chairman of the Council of MHHS'TA Ministers. /. minute HlecTLAecHT MHHVT. Sixty minutes. GeiiHac HeTtipe MHHyTti BTopoio. It is four minutes past one. Genqac 6ea jjechtii MHHyT ji,ba. It is ten minutes to two. <> IIpuxo^HTe K Ham B CBoSoAnyio Menyxy. Come and see us any time you can. CHIO Mimyxy. Just a minute. MHP 1 m. 1. no pi. universe. Teopua o npo- HCXOJKA6HHH Miipa. A theory on the origin of the universe. 2. world. APY rhe Miipw. Other worlds. 3. no pi. world. OH o6i>e3ahji BCCB MHp. He travelled all over the world. EepBtiH B MHpe. The first in the world. Becb MHp. The whole world. MHP 2 m., no pi. peace Boima H MHp. War and peace. ATOM AJIH MHpa. Atom for peace. Mripy MHp! Peace to the world! SaKJiiOHHTb MHp. To conclude peace. IIOAHHcaTb MHP To sign a peace treaty. MfiPHblft, -an, -oe, -Lie adj. of MHP a peace. MnpHbie OTHomeHHH. Peaceful relations. 2. peace, peaceful. Mnpnoe BpeMH. Peace time. MnpHUH Tpy^. Peaceful labour. Mupnoe CTpon- TejibCTBO. Peaceful construction. 3.: MHPHLIH ^orobop. A peace treaty. Mnpntie ueperobopbi. Peace talks. MHPOB Ofl, -an, -6e, -we adj. of MHP 1 MHpOBafl BOHHa. World War. MHpoBQH PLIHOK. World market. MHpOBaa cjiasa. World fame. IlHca- Tejib c MnpoBWM HMeHCM. A worldfamous writer. MHPOJIIOBflBILIfl, -an, -oe, -He peaceful* MnpojiiooHBafl nojihthka. Peaceful policy. MnpoJiioGHBbie napoah. Peaceloving nations. MflTHHr m. meeting, rally MWTHHF npotecta. A meeting of protest. MHTHHF B noaaep?kky... A rally in support of... MHTHHF B sam,iity Koro/qero-JinSo. A meeting in defence of somebody/something. BwcTynHTb Ha MHTHHTC c pe^bio. To make a speech at a meeting. MJIAJUBIHtt, -an, ee, -ne younger MJia/tiUHH 6paT. A younger (the youngest) brother. Mjianmafl cectpa. A younger sister. opinion GaMOCTOffTeJibHoe MH9HH6. An independent opinion, flo Moewy MHe HHK>. In my opinion. BbiCKaaaTb MH6HH6. To give an opinion Paa- AejmTb Hbe-JiH6o MHenne. To share somebody's opinion. 06MeHflTbCH MHeHHHMH. To exchange opinions. BbiTb BLicoKoro (nebbicokoro, xopomero, njioxoro) MHennn o ^ejio- B^Ke (o KHHre). To think highly MHfiHHE neut. (not much, much, bad) of a man (of MHOniE a book). 1. followed by n. in pi. many. Mnorne CTpaHbi. Many countries. 2. used as n. many. Mfiorne aahhma-

73 MHO 69 MOP IOTCH cnopxom. Many people go in for sport. MHOrO adv., comp. GoJibme (q. v.) 1. a lot. Mnoro pa66xaxb. To work a lot. 2. many, much, a lot. Mnoro Jiro- ACH. Many people. MHOFO Aener. Much money. Mnoro flejia A lot of things to do. Mnoro A lot of people. MHOrOE a lot Mne erne MHoroe Hafl;o I've still got a lot of things to do. MOrflJIA /. grave MOryH Hfl, -an, -ee, -He mighty, powerful Moryqan crpana. A mighty country. Moryiafl peka. A mighty river. Moryqan apmhfl. A mighty army. Mory^HH rojioc. A powerful voice. M05KET EblTb rnaybe, perhaps MoJKex 6bixb, H npneay ceroahh. / may come today. MOJKBX 6bixb, STO H xak. Perhaps, that is so. + inf. M03KHO K o M y? 1. it is possible, can. 3xo MOJKHO CAeJiaxb 3a xpn AHH. This can be done in three days. 2. may. MOJKHO B3HXb Kmiry? May I take the book? MOJKHO BOHTM? May I come in? BojibHOMy MOJK- HO ryjmxb xojibko Asa naca. The sick man is allowed to ivalk only two hours. no pi. M03F m., FOJIOBHOH Moar. The brain. Cnna- HOH M03r. The spinal cord. MOfl, MOH, MOB, MOii pron. my mine MOH AOM. My house. MOH cembfl. My family. Moe najibio. My coat. Mow flpyabh. My friends. STO MOC. It's mine. MOKP blfl, -an, -oe, tie, short form MOKP, Monpa, MOKp o, -bi; adv. MOKpo wet MoKpan OACJKfla. Wet clothes. MOKptie KpbimH. Wet roofs. BbixepeTb MOKpue pykh. To dry one's wet hands. / predic. impers. Ha yjinije MOKpo. It is wet outside. lightning MOJIHHH /. HpKan MOJIHHH. A bright lightning. CsepKHyjia MOJIHHH. Lightning flashed. MOJIHHH y^apiuia B ^OM. The house was struck by lightning., -an, -oe, -bie youth Benep An eveningparty for young people. MOJIOACJKnan 6pHra,n;a. Youth team. MOJIO,H;E5Kb /., no pi. youth MOJIOfllEIJ, pi. -mi used as pred. fine boy/girl Ona y nac MOJiOAen;! She is a fine girl! MOJlpmOH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form MOJIOA, MOJio^a, MOJIOA O, -H 1. young. MOJIOAOH qejiosek. A young man. OH onenb MOJIOA. He is very young. 2. young, new. MojiOAoe Aepeso. A young tree. MOJIOAOH Kapxo^ejib. New potatoes. MGJIOJJOCTb /., no pi. youth CnacTJiHBaH MOJiOAOCTb. A happy youth. B MOJIOAOCTH OH xopomo ne;i. He sang well in his youth. MOJIOKO neut., no pi. milk Cfie>Kee MOJIOKO. Fresh milk. KHHHqenoe MOJIOKO. Boiled milk. CrymeHHoe MOJIOKO. Condensed milk. K6( )e c MOJIOKOM. Coffee and milk. Kama Ha MOJIOKO. Milk cereal pudding. GTaKan MOJIOKSI. A glass of milk. MOJIOHHIblfl [-HIH-], -an, -oe, -bie milk MOJIO^HBIH cyn. Milk soup. MOJIOH- Han Kama. ^Milk cereal pudding. MojioiHbie npoayktbi.z)air?/ produce. MOJl^A adv. in silence OH AOJiro MoJraa cmoxpeji na nero. He looked at him for a long time in silence. MOJIHjATb, -y, -limb, -ax imp. to keep silent OH MOjnaji BCH) Aopory. He kept silent all the way. MOMEHT m. moment VAoSHbiH MOMeHX. A convenient moment. B BXOX MOMOHX. At that moment. coin Sojioxaa Monexa. A gold coin. GxapimnaH Monexa. An old coin. <>MejiKaa Monexa. Small change. -H sea Exaxb MopeM. To go by sea. OXAWxaxb na Mope. To rest at the seaside, ^epnoe Mope. The Black Sea. CpeAHseMHoe Mope. The Mediterranean Sea. / fig. Mope rojios. A sea of heads. MOHETA /. MOP E neut., pi.

74 MOP 70 MblJI MOPG5KEHOE neut., no pi. ice-cream CJIHBOHHOC, mokojiafthoe, opexosoe, <J)pyKTOBoe MOpoJKenoe. Cream, chocolate, nut, fruit MOP63 ice-cream. m. frost BCK) 3HMy CTOHJIH CHJIbHbie M0p6-3M. There were severe frosts the whole winter. CeroflHH 10 rpa^ycob M0po3a. It is 10 degrees below zero today. MOPCK Oft, -an, -6e, -lie 1. sea. MopcKaH Bo^a. Sea water. MopCKOH 6eper. Seashore. Mop- CKOH Bo3Ayx. Sea air. MopCKoii Bexep. Sea breeze. 2. sea, marine. MopcKofi < )JIOT. The Marine. MopCKoe nyieniecxbhe. A voyage. <> MopcKan 6ojie3Hb. Sea-sickness. MOPHK m., gen. -a sailor MOJIOAOH MOpflK. A young sailor. MOCT m., prepos. o Mocxe & Ha MOCxy; pi. MOCTH bridge MOCT nepea peny. A bridge across a river. }Kejie3HOAOpo>KHbiH MOCT. A railway bridge. GTOHTB Ha MOCTV. To stand on the bridge. MOTOP m. engine MOTOP pa6otaet xopomo. The engine works well. MOTOIJflKJI m. motor-cycle ExaTb na MOTOijHKJie. To ride on a motor-cycle. MO^b, Mory, Mo>Kenib, MoryT, past MOT, -Jia, -Jio, -Jin, no imper.; imp. + inf- 1 P- CMOHb, CMory, cmojkenib, CMoryr, past cmor, -Jia, -Jio, -JIM 1. to be able, can. Tw cmomemb nphhth ceroahfl KO MHO? Can you come and see me today? 2. to be allowed, may. BojibHoii y}ke MoweT xo^htb. The patient is already allowed to walk. MOlHH bifl, -an, -oe, -He powerful MomHbiH MOTop. A powerful engine. MomHaH ^emohctpan;hfl. A powerful demonstration. MPAHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie gloomy MpaHHHH HCJioBeK. A gloomy man. Mpa^Hoe JiHn;6. A gloomy face. MpaiHoe HacTpoenne. A dismal mood. Mpa^Hbie MMCJIH. Sombre thoughts., -an, -oe, -bie, short form MyApa, My^plo, -H; adv. wise HCJiOBeK. A wise man. Mynpoe pem^hhe. A wise decision. OH noctynhji Mynpo. He acted wisely.., pi. My>KbfI, MyJK6H, My>KbHM husband BHHMaTejibHHH My>K. An attentive husband. 3a6oTJiHBbiH My>K. A solicitous husband. JlK)6Hm.HH My?K. A loving husband. MS^KECTBEHHjblH, -an, -oe, -tie, short form MywecTBen, MywecTBeH- H a, -o, -ti; adv. My>KecTB6HHO courageous MyHtecTBeHHbiH nejiobek, A courageous man. MyjKecTBeHHLiti nocty- HOK. A courageous action. MY^KECTBO neut., no pi. courage IIpOHBHTb My;KecTBo. To show courage. llmotb MyJKeCTBO robophtb npabay- To have the courage to speak the truth. MYHCCKlOfl, -an, -oe, -ne men's MyjKCKan OAeJKfla. Men's clothes. MyjKCKan 66yBb. Mens footwear. MYSK^flHA m. man IToTKHJioii MywHHHa. An elderly man. MY3 EH m. museum OcMaTpiiBaTb Myaen. To see a museum. M^SblKA /., no pi. music CHM^OHHHecKaH MysbiKa. Symphonic music. JlerKan MyabiKa. Light music. MyabiKa K KHHO^HJibMy. Music to a film. CoiHHHTb (HHcaTb) MysbiKy. To compose (write) music. My3bIKAJIbH blh, -an, -oe, -tie, short form MyabiKaJien, MyabiKajib- H a, -o, -bi 1. music(al). MyatiKaJibHan mkojia. A music school. MyabiKajibHbie HHCTpyweHTbi. Musical instruments. imyawkajibhbih Beqep. A musical evening. 2. musical. MyabiKaJibHbiH pesenok. A musical child. MYXA /. fly M^IATbCH, -ycb, -HnibCH, -atch imp. to rush, to dash JIomaAb MiiiTCH. The horse is rushing, /fig. BpeMH MHHTCH. Time flies. Mbl pron., gen., ace. Hac, dat. Haw, instr. HaMH, prepos. o Hac we MlilJIO neut., no pi. soap

75 MbIC 71 HAB MbIC Jib /. thought, idea MHxepecnaH MHCJIB. An interesting idea. FjiyGonaH MHCJIB. A profound thought. OpHrnHajibnaa Mbicjib. An original idea. Mne B rojioey npnmna MbiCJib. An idea occurred to me. V Hero MejibKHyjia MBICJIB. An idea flashed across his mind. MblTb, MO K), -emb, -IOT; imper. MOH! imp. K o r 6? H T o? H e M? / p. BH- MtiTb, BbiMO io, -emb, -IOT to wash MblTb pykh. To wash one's hands. MbiTb noji. To wash the floor. Mtixb pe6e'hka XCHJIOH BOAOH. To wash a child with warm water. Mbixb nocyjjy mexkoh. To wash the dishes with a brush. MttTbCH, Mo iocb, -embch, -IOTCH imp. I p. BMMblXbCH, BbIMO K)Cb, -emb- CH, -IOTCH to wash Mbixbca B Banne. To have a bath. Mbixbca npfl AyineM. To take a shower. MbixbCH MHJIOM. To wash with soap. MtfrK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He [-XK-], short form MaroK, MarKa, MarK o, -H; adv. MflrKo; comp. Marqe 1. soft. MarKan no^ymka. A soft pillow. MarKHe BOJIOCH. Soft hair. MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread. \ predic. imper s. Ha AHBane 6buio MflrKO cnatb. The divan was soft to sleep on. 2. fig. mild. MarKHH KJiHMax. A mild climate. MarKHH xapakiep. A mild temper. <> MarKaa Meoe.ib. Soft (upholstered) furniture. MnrKiiii Baron. A soft-seated railway carriage. MHCH Ofl, -an, -6e, -bie meat MncHbie npoflyktbi. Meat products. MHCHOH cyn. Meat soup. M#CO neut. t no pi. meat IlHpojKKH c MacoM. Meat pies. MHH m., gen. -a ball (DyiSdjibEHH MHH. A football. Bo- JieH66JibHbiH Maq. A volleyball. HA prep. H, H I. -f- prepos. 1. Qn JiejKaib Ha CTOJIG to lie (to be) on the table; BHcexb na cxehe to hang on the wall; nncaxb na 6yMare to write on paper; 2. in, at na BaBOAe at the works; Ha pa- 66xe at work; na ypone at the lesson; na KaBKaae in the Caucasus; na Gesepe in the North; Ha cospahhh at a meeting; 3. by exaxb na asxosyce, na napoxo^e to go by bus, by ship; 4.: na npomjioh He^eJie, na axon He^ene last week, this week <> KIIMI a na (f>paiiriy3i'kom aawke. A book in French. II. -face. 1. on nojiojkhxb na cxoji to put on the table; nobecnxb na cxeny to hang on the wall; 2.to na 3aBoA to the works; Ha pa66- xy to work; na ypok to the lesson; na KaBKaa to the Caucasus; Ha Cesep to the North; na co- 6paHHe to a meeting; 3. on caamtbca na abx66yc, na napo- XOA to get on a bus, to board a ship; 4.: na xpexiih ^enb on the third day, na.npyroh ^enb the next na HOBBIH ro^; on the day, New Year's Day; 5. for OH yexan na HeAeJiro. He left for a week. 6. not translated. OH cxaprae Mena Ha 5 Jiex. He is 5 years older than I. 3xox KOCXIOM ^opome na 10 pysjien. This suit is 10 roubles dearer. <> nepesecth Ha 4>P ahi^y3ckhii H3biK. To translate into French. HABJIIOAAITb, -H), -emb, -iox imp. H x o? 3 a H e M? to observe, to watch Ha6JiK>Aaxb sa ^BH>KeHHeM njianex. To observe the movement of planets. Mbi nasjuoaajih, KaK aaxo^i'uio cojihn;e. We watched the sun setting. HABEPHO(E) paren. word probably HaBepnoe, OH ceroahh He nph^ex. He will probably not come today. TbI HOHflemb B MV36H? fl H6 3HaK) XOHHO, HO, HaBepHO, HOHAy. "Will you go to the museum?"

76 Tb, HAB 72 HA3 "7 don't know for sure, but probably I shall." HABEPX adv. stairs upward, up- MH noahhjincb Hasepx, Ha DHTLIH 9xa>K. We went up to the fourth floor. HABEPX^ adv. r A e? above, upstairs Mbi cjimnajih, nan B KOMHaxe nasepxy rpomko nejin, a HOXOM na- HaJin xahh.ebaxb. We heard people in the room upstairs sing loudly and then begin dancing. HABECTftTb see HABEID[ATb HABEmA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. K o r d? q T o? / p. HaBe cxhxb, -my, -ctifnib, -CTHT to visit HaseCTUTb 6ojibn6ro xobapnma. To visit a sick friend. HABCErflA adv. for ever H ye3)kaio 113 axoro ropo^a nabcer- Aa. / am leaving this city for good. HABCTPE^y adv. & prep, -f dat. to meet one, in the opposite direction Bexep AyJi Hascxpeiy. The wind blew in our faces. HaBCXpe^y HaM meji HCJiOBeK. A man was approaching us. HAFPAflA /. award BbicoKan Harpa^a. A high award. IToJiy^HTb HarpaAy. To receive an award. HArPAflflTb see HArPAJKJJATb HArPA5K.Ii;A -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. K O r 6? H X 0? 1CM? 3a HT 6?/ p. Harpa flwtb,.jky, -^wmb, -^HT to award HarpaAHTb OPABHOM 33 noabhr. To award an order for a feat. HAFPETb see TPETb, 4 (HA^O) prep, -f instr. \. over. Ha^ CTOJIOM BHCHT JiaMna. A light hangs over the table. IlTHn;bi jietaror na^ MopeM. The birds are flying over the sea. 2. above, over. Ha#o MHOH mymht AepeBO. A tree is rustling above me. MM CTOHJIH na BMCOKOM 6epery, na,n pekon. We were standing on the high bank, over the river. 3. at. Pa66xaTb nafl AOKJia^OM. To work at a report. flebaltb,.jo,.emb,.^t. imp i T o? na K o r 6? H a H x 6?/ p. Haae xb, -Hy, -Hemb, -Hyx 1. to put on. HaaeBarb najibxo, mjiflny, nepnaxkh, map( ). To put on an overcoat, a hat, gloves, a scarf. Ha^exb najibxo na pe- 6e'HKa. To put a coat on a child. 2. to put on. Ha^exb OIKH. To put on one's spectacles.. hope Eojibnrae Ha^ewAW- Great expectations. HAflETb see HA^EBATb -K>XCH imp. 1. na HXO? or -f- inf. to hope. Ha^eflXbcH na ycnex, Ha no6e#y. To hope for success, for victory. H HaAerocb ybhaexb xe6a sabxpa. / hope to see you tomorrow. 2. to hope. H Hafleiocb Ha xo, qxo ^asxpa noroaa 6yn;ex Jiyqme. / hope the weather will be better tomorrow. 3. H a K o r 6? Ha H x 6? to rely. HaAenxbCH na APyra. To rely on one's friend. HaAenxbCH Ha KOJiJieKXHB. To rely. on the collective. HA#0 KOMy? nemy?4-iw/. it is necessary, must Te6e HaAO Miioro sahhmaxbcn. You must study a lot. Mne naao 6biJio B^epa Bcxaxb B 7 nacob. 7 had to get up at 7 o'clock yesterday. HAftOEAAITb, -K), -erab, -rox imp. KOMy? H6My? & -j- inf. I p. Ha- Aoecxb, HaAoeM, naaoerab, naaoecx, past HaAoeJi, -a, -o, -H to be bored, to be tired (of) 3xo MHO naaoejio. 7 am tired of this. HaM naaoejia njioxan noroaa. We are tired of the bad weather. Mne naaoejio robopnxb 06 BXOM. 7 am tired of speaking about that. MHC naaoejio HHnero He AeJiaxb. 7 am bored with doing nothing. HAftOECTb see HAflOEflATb HA3AA adv. 1. KyA? back. HAHXO HasaA- Go back. H nocmoxpeji HasaA. 7 looked back. 2. ago. MH npnexajin 3 Mecwua HasaA- We arrived 3 months ago.

77 HA3 73 HAJI 3xo 6ujio MHoro JIGT 3afl. That was many years ago. HA3BAHHE neut. name, title HasBamie pomana, KHiirn, KHHO- (MjibMa. The name of a novel, book, film. HA3BATB see HA3bIBATb HASHAHAjTb, ; K>, -emb, -KT imp. q x o? K o M y? q e M y? K o r 6? q T o? K e M? q e M? / p. Ha3Haq nxb, -y, -Hmb, -ax 1. to fix. Haanaqaxb cbhflahhe. To make an appointment. HasnaqnTb co6pahhe na 6 qacob. To fix the meeting for 6 o'clock. 2. to appoint. HaanaqHTb Koro-JiH- 60 AHpeKxopOM. TO appoint somebody director. 3. to prescribe. Hasnaquxb 6om>- HOMy JieKapCTBO. To prescribe medicine for a patient. HA3HAHHTB see HA3HAqATb HA3bIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? q x o? / />. Hassaxb, nasosly, -emb, -yx 1. to name. HasoBHxe pyccimx nncaxejien, KOTOPBIX BLI snaexe. Name the Russian writers you know. HasoBHxe 6oJibmne ropo^a Bamea cxpahbi. Name the large cities of your country. 2. to name. Ee nasbajin Kaxn (Ka- Tea). She was named Katya. HA3bIBA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. rarely used, 3rd pers. -eicfl, -IOTCH to be called KaK HaabiBaeTCH Sxa yjinn;a? What is the name of this street? KaK na- SLiBaeTCH 3TOT KHHOTeaxp? What is the name of this cinema? HAH3^CTb adv. by heart 3naTb H3H3ycTb. To know by heart. VqHTb HansycTB. To learn by heart. HAflTfl see HAXOflftTb & HCKATb HAKA3ATb see HAKASblBATb HAKA3bIBA Tb, -10, -emb, -K>T Koro?qTo? sa qx 6?/ p. imp. to punish Hanasaxb pesenna sa HJIOXOH nocxynok. To punish a child for misbehaviour. Hanasaxb qejiobena 3a npecxynjiehhe. To punish a person for committing a crime. HAKAH^HE 1. adv. the day before. HaKanyHe MM 6tijiH B KHHO. We were at the cinema the day before. 2. prep. -{- gen. on the eve. Hana- Hyne HOBOFO rofla. On New Year's eve. HaKanyne npas^hhna, flhh pojk^ehhh. On the eve of the holiday, on the eve of one's birthday. HAKJIOHflTbCH see HAKJIOHtfTb- CH HAKJIOH)l TbCH, -rocb, -embra, -IOXCH imp. I p. HaKJioHiixbCH, ua- KJIOHIOCb, HaKJlOHHmbCH, HHXCH to bend Maxb nakjiohhjiacb na^ The mother bent over her child. adv. at last HaKonen; OH npnnieji. At last he has come. HAKOHEm HAKOPMHTb see KOPMHTb HAKPbIBA Tb, -K, -emb, -iox imp. q x o? q e M? / /?. HaKpbixb, HaKpo K), -emb, -iox to cover HaKpilxb cxoji CKaxepxbio. To cover the table with a table-cloth. HAKPbIBA TbCH, -iocb, -embcn, -IOXCH imp. qem?//>. HaKpBixbca, HaKpo iocb, -enibca, -IOTCH to cover oneself HaKpbiBaxbCH OAenJiOM. To cover oneself with a blanket. HaKptiBaxbCH njiamom. To cover oneself with a raincoat. HAKPb'ITb see HAKPblBATb HAKPb'ITbCH see HAKPblBATbCH HAJIEBO adv. 1. Kya? to the left. HOHXH, noexaxb, nobepnyxb HaJieso. To go, to drive, to turn to the left. 2. re? on, at, to the left (cf. CJlEBA). HaJieso ox namero ^oma naxoflhxch MarasHH. To the left of our house is a shop. HAJIHBA Tb, -K), -emb, -iox q x o? (q e r 6?) K o M y? K y A a? imp./ p. HaJiiixb, iiajib io, -emb, -iox; irnper. HaJien, past najinji, HaJiHJia, Hajin- Ji o, -H to pour out HaJiHBaxb rocxro qaio. To pour out tea for the guest. HaJiiixb BOflbi B rpa )HH. To fill a carafe with water. HAJIflTb see HAJlHBATb HAJIOr m. tax BBICOKHC najiorn. High taxes.

78 HAO 74 HAP najior. Income tax. IlJiaxiixb HaJior. To pay a tax. HAOEOPGT adv. 1. the other way round. OH Bcerjja Bee flejiaji Hao6opox. He always did everything the other way round. 2. on the contrary. Ona ne aa- CMeaJiacb, a, naogopox, sanjia- KaJia. She did not laugh, on the contrary, she began crying. HAIIAJJAITb, -lo, -eiiib, -IOT imp. na K o r 6? na q x 6?//>. nanacxb, nanaflly, -emb, -yx, past nanaji, -a, -o, -H to attack Tiirpu Banana fox na 'lejioeeka. Tigers attack people. HAHACTb see HAH Aft A Tb HAIIEHATATb see HEHATATb HAIIHCATb see HHCATb HAnOMHHA Tb, -ro, -emt, -IOT imp. K o M y? *i x o? or o K 6 M? o 4 e M? / p. Han6MH HXb, -K), -HOIb, -HT 1. to remind. OH nanomhhji MHe o HaniHX npe/khhx Bcxpe i iax. He reminded me of our past meetings. 2. K o r 6? to remind. OH nanom- HHJI MHe o^horo nejiobena. He reminded me of a certain person. HAHOMUHTb see HAIlOMHHATb HAIIPABHTb see HAIIPABJIflTb HAHPABHTbCH see HAJIPABJIflTb- CH IIAnPABJIEHHE neut. 1. direction. HanpaBJiemie ^BH>Ke- HHH. The direction of a movement. IIoe3,ua H/jyT B paanux HanpaBJieHHHX. The trains are going in different directions. 2. school. JlHTepaxypnoe nanpabjieune. A literary school. HanpaB- Jienne B MyabiKe, B JKHBOHHCH. A school of music, painting. Ho HanpaBJieniiio K... In the direction of... HAIIPABJIfl Tb, -TO, -erab, -iox imp. KOTO? HXO? K KOMy?Ky^;a?/ p. Hanpa BHXb, -BJIHD, -BHmb, -BHX to send ^OKXOP HanpaBiiJi MOHH B cahaxo- PHH. The doctor sent me to a sanatorium. Mena nanpabhjin K Bpany. I was sent to a doctor. HanpaBHXb na pa66xy. To send to work. HAHPABJlUlTbCH, -iocb, -embcn, -roxcfl imp. K KOMV? Ky^a?/ p. Hanpa BHXbCH, -BJiiocb, -BHmbca, -BHXCH to go HanpaBJifixbCH na ror. To go to the south. HanpaBHXbCH K Apy3bHM, anakombim. To go to see one's friends, acquaintances. OH HanpaBHJiCH K flfieph. He made for the door. HAHPABO adv. 1. Kyaa? to the right. AaxoSyc nobephyji nan pa BO. The bus turned to the right. 2. TAG? on, at, to the right (cf. - CIIPABA). HanpaBo MOCT, HaJieso caja;. On the right there is a bridge, on the left, a garden. HanpaBo ox BOKaaJia Gojibmaa rocxhhhija. There is a large hotel to the right of the railway station. in vain HAIIP^tHO adv. wrongly, TM HanpacHO xak nocxynaemb. You are wrong in doing that. OH HanpacHo o6i>hchflji en oscxanobky: OHa HH^ero He xoxejia nohhmaxb. He tried in vain to explain the situation to her: she would not listen to anything. HAIIPHMEP paren. word for example Cjiosa cpeahero po^a B pycckom H3MK6 HM6IOX OKOHHaHHH -0 H -6. HanpHMep, OKHO H Mope. Russian words of the neuter gender have the ending -o or -e. For example: OKHO and Mope. HAHPOTHB 1. adv. opposite. MarasMH Haxo^nx- CH nanpoxub. The shop is opposite. 2. prep, -\-gen. opposite. HanpoxHB. Opposite the hostel is a large shop. no pi. 1. straining. HanpHmemie scex CHJI. A straining of all one's efforts. HAIIPH3KEHHE neut., 2. tension. TOK BbicoKoro Hanpa- H?CHHH. High tension current. fig. MejKflynapoAHoe Han HHC. International tension. HAPHCOBATb see PHCOBATb 1. people, nation. PyccKHH The Russian people. The peoples of the world.

79 HAP 75 HAY 2. only sing, people. Mnoro A f (HapoAy). lot f people. Hnxepecbi napoaa. The interests of the people. IIpocTdH napoa- Ordinary people. HAPOflHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 1. folk. HapdAHoe HCKVCCTBO. Folk art. HapoAHbie HCCHH. Folk songs. 2. national. HapoAHoe XOSHHCXBO. National economy. HapoAHoe 06- pa30bamie. Public education. 3. people's. HapoAHbiii apxiicx CCGP. A People's Artist of the USSR. HapOAHblH XVAOJKHHK CCGP. A People's Artist of the USSR (graphic art). HapOAHblH cyu.. People's court. HAPOHHO adv. on purpose TBI CAeJiaJi axo Haponno HJIH CJiy- HELHHO? Did you do it on purpose or by accident? HAPyfflA Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. H T o?//?. HapyinJHXb, -y, -Hinb, -ax 1. to break, to violate. Hapymnxb HOKOH. To break the peace. HapyniHXb xhedhhy. To break the silence. Hapymnxb nophaok. To break the peace. Hapynraxb rpa- Hiiny. To violate the border. HapymHTb AoroBOp. To violate a treaty. 2. to break. HapyniHTb CJIOBO. To break one's word. HAPyiUHTb see HAPyfflATB HAPH^HIHH, -an, -oe, -me 1. well-dressed. HapHAnaa AeByni- Ka. A well-dressed girl. 2. smart. HapaAHoe njiaxbe. A smart dress. HACEJIEHHE neut., no pi. population HaceJienne CTpanw. The population of a country. Hacejienne ropoaa. The population of a city. Mnpnoe Hacejienne. Civilian population. through HACKB03B ado. ITpoMOKHyxb nackbobb. To get wet through. HACKOJTbKO adv. how much HacKoJibKO 3x0 peraenne Jiyqrae npe>khero! How much better this decision is than the old one! HACMOPK m., no pi. a cold in the head CwJibHbiH nacmopk. A bad cold in the head. JlerKHH HacMopK. A slight cold in the head. V MCHH HacMopK. / have a cold in the head. JleKapcxBo ox nacmopka. A medicine for a cold in the head. HACTOfl*fflB blft, -an, -oe, -bie, short form nacxohhhb, -a, -o, -H; adv. HacxoiiHHBo persistent HacxoHiHEbiH HeJioseK. A persistent person. HacxoHHHBbiH xapakxep. A persistent character. HacxoHiHBaH npocb6a v A pressing request. CxyAenx nacxohhhbo sannmajich. The student studied persistently HACTOJIbKO adv. so OH nacxojibko rjiyn, HXO HH i iero He Mowex nohhxb. He is so stupid that he doesnt understand anything. HACTOJIbH blh, -aa, -oe, -bie 1. table, desk. HacxoJibHan JiaMna. A desk lamp. HacxoJibHbiH na- JienAapb. A desk calendar. HacxoJibHbie iirpbi. Table games. 2. fig.: HacxoJibnaH KH/ira. A handbook. HACTOtfimHfl, -an, -ee, -He real Hacxoamee 3OJioxo. Real gold. HacxoHman JiioSoBb. True love. <> B nactoamee spema. At present. HACTPOEHHE neut. 1. mood. V M6HH ceroahh njioxoe Hacxpoenne. / am in a bad mood today. 2. -}- inf., usu. in negative sentences. y Mena Hex HacxpoeHHH pac- CKasbisaxb. / am not in a talking mood. HACTynAlTb 1, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -rox imp./ p. Hacxynnxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. nacxynnx, nacxy- HHX to come HacxynHJio yxpo. Morning came. HACTynAjTb 2, -10, -emb, -rox imp. na KOTO? na HTO?//>. Hacxynwxb, Hacxynjiro, Hacxynnuib, nacxynax 1. to tread. na Hory. Hacxyniixb nejiobeky To tread on a person's foot. 2. imp. only to be on the offensive. ApMHH nacxynaex. The army is on the offensive. HACTynflTb see HACTyilATbi & HAcrynATb 2 i., HA^KA /. science naykoh. To be a

80 HAY 76 scientist. EcxecxseHHbie HayKH. Natural sciences. TyMaHHTapHwe naykh. Humanities. HAyHfiTb see YHflTb, 2 HAyqfiTbCfl see yhfltbch HA^HHjblfl, -an, -oe, -we scientific HayqnaH pa6oxa. Scientific work. HayHHHH pa66xhhk. A research worker. HayiHbie xpyabi. Scientific works. Hay^mafl 6H6jraoxeKa. A scientific library. HayHHoe cxyaenneckoe 66m,ecxBo. A students 1 scientific society. HAXOflfiTb, naxojky, HaxoanmB, HaxoflHx imp. K o r 6? H x o?//>. Han- TH, HaHA v, -emb, -yx, past nameji, HamJi a, -H to find -p, HaiiTH HyjKHyro Bemb. To find the thing needed. Haaxw HOBBIH MexoA pa66xti. To find a new method of work. HaxoAHXb pa^octb B Myabme. To find pleasure in music. <> MecTa ce6e He naxoahtb. To fret. He naxoahtb CJIOB. Words fail one. HAXOJJHTbCH, naxojkycb, HaxoAnmb- CH, HaxoflHTCH imp. to be (situated) BoJibmoH Teaip HaxoAHTcn B n;ehtpe MOCKBH. The Bolshoi Theatre is in the centre of Moscow. HAUjHOHAJIbHOCTb /. nationality KTO Bbi no HannonajibHoCTH? What is your nationality? B GoBexcKOM Goro.ie MHoro Hau,HOHajibHOCTeH. There are many nationalities in the Soviet Union. HAUjHOHAjIbHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie 1. national. HannonajibHaH KyjibTypa. National culture. 2. national. HannoHaJibHbiH KOC- TK)M. National dress. HAMAJIO neut. 1. beginning. ^OM naxoahtcn B na- Hajie yjihn;m. The house is at the beginning of the street. 2. beginning. Haiajio y t ie6noro roa. The beginning of the school year. HaiaJio aahhthh B 10 qa- COB. Lessons start at 10 o'clock. HAHAJIbHHK m. chief IIAHATb see HAHHHATb HAHATbCH see HA^HHATbCH -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. T o? & + ^f. I p. Haiaxb, naqh y, -emb, -yt, past, Ha ypok. To begin a lesson. Haiarb peqb. To begin a speech. Haqaxb pagpiaxb. To begin working. HaqHHaib yhhtbch. To begin going to school, to begin studying. HAMHHA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -K>TCH imp./ p. HanaxbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. naqnexch, Ha<myx- CH, past Hanajica, Haqaji acb, -ocb, -picb to begin 3aBxpa HanHHaexCH HOBUH yqe6hbin PGA. The new school (academic) year begins tomorrow. HA1H, -a, -e, -H pron. our, ours HE particle not OH He ymeex roboprixb no-pycckn. He cannot speak Russian. 3xo He CXQJI. This is not a table. 3xo He 6ieb HHxepecHbifi 4)KJii>M. This is not a very interesting film. 3xo He HJIOXO, a xopomo. This is not bad, it is good. Ero He 6biJio AOMa. He was not at home. HEBO neut., pi. negeca, ne6ec, He6ecaM, etc. sky FoJiy66e He6o. A blue sky. Becennee He6o. A spring sky. <> IIonacTb najibu,em B iiefio Cf. To find a mare's nest. HEBECTA /. fiancee HEFJJE adv. nowhere Bee Mecxa aahhxbi, nerae cecxb. All the seats are taken, there is nowhere to sit. HEftABHO adv. recently MH npnexajih B MocKBy HeAaBHo. We have come to Moscow recently HE/JAJIEKG adv. r A e? not far ToBapnm JKHBCX HCAajieKo ox Me- HH. My friend lives not far from me. /. week HCACJIH. The days of the week. Ha 9XOH neacjie. This week. Hepea HCAeJiK). In a week. Tpu paaa B HC- A6JIK). Three times a week. MM CAeJiaeM axy pa66xy aa HeAeJiio. We shall do this work in a week. <0> y Hero cemb nnxnim Ha nejie- Jie. He does not know his own mind. HEJJOCTAT OK m., gen. -Ka drawback, shortcoming, defect HeAOCxaxKH B paooxe. Shortcomings

81 HE5K 77 HEC in work. V nero MHOFO He^ocxax- KOB. He has many defects. HE5KH blfl, -aa, -oe, -bie, short form HCJKHa, H6>KH 0, -HJ adv. 1. tender, affectionate. He>KHoe HyBcxBo. A tender feeling. He>K- HHH BarJiflA. An affectionate look. 2. tender. HeJKHaa Ko>Ka. Tender skin. 3. tender. HCTKHLIH n,bex. A tender colour. HE3ABHCHMOCTB /., no pi. independence CBOOO/ja H HesaBlTCHMOCXb CXpaHU. The freedom and independence of a country. HE3ABfiCHM bift, -an, -oe, -tie, short form HesaspicHM, -a, -o, -H; adv. independent xapanxep. An independent character. HeaaBHCHMoe rocyjjapcxbo. An independent state. HEKOrjJA adv. no time OH omenb MHoro pa66xaex, emy HG- Korjja ryjiaxb. He works a lot, he has no time to go for walks. Mne ceroflhh HeKor^a. I've no time today. HEKOTOP blfl, -aa, -oe, -tie pron. some 1. B nekoxopbix panonax cxpanbi npoinjih ^ojkflh. It rained in some parts of the country. 2. only pi. Bee cjiyniajiii c HHxepecoM, HeKOTOpue CMenjincb. Everybody listened with interest, some people laughed. HEKyjJA adv. nowhere y M6HH H6T 3#eCb 3HaKOMbIX, MH6 HeKy^a Hflxii. I've no friends here, I've nowhere to go to. HEJIbSfl + inf, KOMy? 1. it is impossible. 3xy aa^aqy pemiixb HeJibsa. This problem cannot be solved. 2. one must not. HeJibsn mymexb B KOMHaxe SoJibHoro. You must not make a noise in the sickroom. Sflecb nyphxb HeJibaa. Smoking is prohibited here. Mne HeJibaa MHoro 6eraxb. / am not allowed to run for a long time. HEMHOrO adv. (a) little H aahhmajich ceroflhh nemhoro. 7 studied for a short time today. HeMHoro noryjura H nphxonii Go for a short walk and then come home. V Hac He\m6ro BpeMenn. We have little time left. HEHABfllAETb, -my, -^nmb, -HX imp. K o r 6? H x o? to hate H HenaBH>Ky axoro qejioseka. / hate that man. HEHABHCTb /., no pi. K KOMy? K H e M y? hatred HEOBXO^flM I>lfl, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form neosxoflhm, Heo6xoAHM a, -o, -H; adv. neosxoahmo necessary HeoSxo^HMbie semn. Necessary things. HeoSxoAHMbie KHiirH. The books one needs. HeoSxoflMMo crie- Jiaxb onepan,hk>. An operation is necessary. HEOEblKHOBEHHJblfl, -an, -oe, -ue; adv. HeoSbiKHOBeHHO unusual Heo6biKHOB6HHoe nyxemecxbue. An unusual journey. HE05KB3AHH bift, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. HeojKH,naHHO unexpected HeojKH^aHHoe cosbixne. An unexpected event. HeoHWAaHHbiii npnesji;. An unexpected arrival. Oxen BepnyjiCH HeojKti^aHHo. The father returned unexpectedly. HEPBH bifl[, an, -oe, -me 1. nervous. HepBHan cucxema The nervous system. 2. nervous. HepBHbifi T iejiobek. A nervous person. 3. nervous. HepBHbie SoJieann. Nervous diseases. H^CKOJIbK O num., gen. -HX several Ha cospahhh Bbicxyniuio neckojibko qejiobek. Several people spoke al meeting. Ha 3KCKypCHH ne 6mio HecKOJibKHX cxy^enxob. Several students were absent from the excursion. HECMOTPfl UAprep. -{-ace. in spite of HecMOxpa na njioxyio noroay, MM xo^hjih ryjihxb In spite of the bad weather we went out for a walk. <> HecMoxpa HH na it6. In spite of everything. HEC Tfl, -y, -emb, -yx, past nee, nec- Jia, -Jio, -Jiw, imp. q x o? Kya? 1. to carry. Hecxw HeMOAaH. To carry a suit-case. Hecxw pe6e*h- Ka na pynax. To carry a child in one's arms. Hecxii KHiirn B

82 HEC 78 HHH 6n6jiHOxeKy. To carry the books to the library. 2. fig. to bear. Hecxii oxsexcxbeh- Hocxb. To bear the responsibility. HecTH HaKasaHne. To bear the punishment. HGCTH noxepn. To suffer losses. HECHACTHIWfl, -an, -oe, -ue unlucky, unfortunate HecHacxHtiH nejiobek. An unlucky person. <> HeciacTHbifi cjiy^aii. An accident. HECHACTBE neut. misfortune Cjiy^HJiocb Hec^acxbe. A misfortune has happened. HET particle \. no. Bbi Hflexe B KHHO? Hex. "Are you going to the cinema?" "No, I am not." 2. not, no. V MCHH Hex axofi KHHrn. / haven't got that book. Ha axoh yjihije Hex MarasiraoB. There are no shops in this street. Ero Hex floma. He is not at home. HEy^KEJIH emphatic particle really HeyjKeJiH BLI ne HHXBJIH axoro po- Mana? Haven't you read this novel? HE<Tb /., no pi. oil MecxopojKflemie He<J)XH. An oil deposit. ^ostibaxb ne<j)xb. To extract oil. HEHAHHHO adv. by accident H HenanHHO paasiiji cxakan. / broke the glass by accident. HEHEFO pron., dat. HeieMy, instr. HCHCM, prepos. He o HCM - - inf. nothing Miie Henero ^ejiaxb. I've got nothing to do. Tan Aynmo, HXO He^eM fltimaxb. It's so stuffy: one can hardly breathe. Mne HO o HCM 6oJibme robopnxb. I've nothing else to say. HeneMy pa^obaxbch. There's nothing to be happy HH about. particle not a Ha He6e HH 66JiaqKa. There is not a single cloud in the sky. HH... HH con], neither... nor HH AHCM, HH HOHbio He npekpam;a- Jiacb pa66xa. Work went on day and night without stopping. HH fl, HH MOH 6pax HHKorAa He 6tuiH B MocKBe. Neither my brother nor myself has ever been to Moscow. adv. nowhere BHJIO yjke noaaho, nnr^e He CHJIO BH^HO Jno^en. It was already late, no people could be seen anywhere. Hnr,n,e He Mory Kyniixb axoro yhe6- HHKa. I can't buy this text-book anywhere. Hnr^e Hex CBo66aHbix Mecx. There are no vacant seats anywhere. Hfl>KH HH, -HH, ee, ne 1. lower. HHJKHHH nojika. The lower berth. 2.: HnjKHee 6e:ibe. Underwear. Hfl3K Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form HH30K, HHSKa, HH3K[0, -Hj adv. HH3KO; com p. HH>Ke 1. low. HHBKHH.HOM. A low house. 2. low. HHSKHH yposehb JKHBHH. A low living standard. HnsKan xemnepaxypa. A low temperature. TeMnepaxypa nrime nyjin. A temperature below zero. HnsKHe HieHti. Low prices. HiisKoe flab- JieHne. Low pressure. 3. low. HHSKHH TOJIOC. A low voice. HHKOrjUA OH adv. never HHKorAa ne onasahbaji. He never came late. HHKTO pron., gen. t ace. HHKOFO [-BO], dat. HHKOMy, instr. HHK6M, prepos. HH o KOM nobody HHKXO ne ana ex, nan pemnxb 9*xy sa^any. Nobody knows how to solve this problem. H AaBHo y>ke KHKOFO ne BH^eji. / haven't seen anybody for a long time. HnKOMy ne TOBOpii 06 3XOM. Don't tell anyone about it. OH HH o KOM He xoiex jjymaxb. He doesn't want to think about anyone. HHKY#A V adv. nowhere MCHH njioxoe Hacxpoenne, H a HHKyAa He xohy. / am in a bad mood and I don't go anywhere. HflT KA /., gen. pi. -OK thread KaxymKa HHXOK. A reel of thread. Bflexb HiixKy B nrojiky. To thread a needle. HHHErO [-BO] 1. adv. not bad. KaK H nanncaji KOHXpoJibHyro pa66xy? HHHCro. "How did I write my testpaper?" u Not bad." 2. particle that's all right. HSBH- HHxe, nohwjiyncxa. Hnnero. "Excuse me." "That's all right."

83 HH X I 79 HOC HHHTO [-rnxo] pron., gen. HHHero[-Bo], dat. HHqeMy, instr. HHHGM, prepos. HH o IBM nothing OH HHHero He snaet. He does not know anything. OH HHqeMy He HayqMJicn. He didn't learn anything. OH HH^GM He HHTepecyeTCH. He is not interested in anything. H He Mor HH o HCM flymatb. / couldn't think of anything. HO conj. but CoJinne CBOTHT, HO He rpeet. The sun is shining, but it is not giving any warmth, fl snepa SBOHHJI Te6e, HO Te6a He 6mio jjoma. / rang you up yesterday, but you were not at home. HOBOrO,n[H Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He New- Year HOHB. New-Year night. nosapabjienhh. New- Year messages. HoBoroAHHe nojke- JiaHHH. New-Year wishes. HoBoroft- HHH 6aJi. A New-Year ball. HGBOCT b /., gen. pi. -en 1. news. Coo6maTb HOBOCTB. To tell the news. Xopomne HOBOCTH. Good news. 2. only pi.: HOBOCTH flhh. Newsreel. HOBOCTH naykh H TexHHKH. The latest developments in science and technology. H6B blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form HOB, HOB3, HOB O, -H 1. new. HOBBIH #OM. A new house. HoBoe njiatte. A new dress. 2. new. HoBaa KHrira. A new book. HOBHH qejiobck. A new man. 3. modern. Ho Ban HCTopnn. Modern history. 4. new. HoBbiH ro^;. New Year. HOPA /., ace. Hory; pi. Horn, nor, HoraM, etc. foot, leg BMMMTB Horn. To wash one's feet. BiiTHpaHTe Horn. Wipe your feet. <> HATH B Hory c B6KOM. To keep abreast of time. HOriOTB m. t gen. -TH; gen. pi. -Tefl (finger) nail KycaTt norm. To bite one's nails. H05K m., gen. -a knife OcTpWH HO?K. A sharp knife. Tynoii HOHt. A blunt knife. PeaaTb x;ie6 HOJKOM. To cut bread with a knife. IlepoqHHHLiH HO>K. A pen-knife. HOC KA /., gen. pi. -en leg HoJKKa ctojia, CTyjia. The leg of a chair. table, HOyKHIIIJbl no sing., gen. HOJKHHI; scissors OcTptie HOJKHHHLI. Sharp scissors. HOJI b m., gen. -H zero <> H6e3A npiime.i B ABeHaflqaxb HOJib-HOJib. The train arrived at twelve sharp. HOMEP m., pi. -a 1. number. HoMep ffoma. The number of a house. HoMep TpaMBan. The number of a tram. HoMep TeJie< )6Ha. A telephone number. 2. issue. AnpeJibCKHH HoMep H?ypnajia. The April issue of the magazine. 3. room. HoMep B rocthhime. A hotel room. 4. size. HoMep SOTHHOK, nep^atok. The size of shoes, gloves. 5. item. HoMep B KOHnepTHofi nporpamme. An item on the concert programme. UJHPKOBOH HOMep. the circus. HcnoJiHflTb A turn in HoMep. To perform an item. HOPMA /. norm, standard, quota HopMa BLipa6oTKH. An output standard. BbinoJiHHTb HopMy. To carry out the quota. IlepeBBinoJi- HHTb HopMy. To exceed the quota. HOPMAJIbH blh, -an, -oe, -bie, short form HOpMaJieH, HOpMaJibHJa, -o, -bi; adv. HOpMajibHO normal HopMaJibnan TeMnepaTypa. Normal temperature. HopMaJibnoe ^abjiehhe. Normal pressure. HopMaJibHbie yc- JIOBHH Tpyn,a. Normal conditions for work. HOC m., prepos. o Hoce & na (B) HOcy; pi. -H 1. nose. npflmoii HOC. A straight nose. 2. bow. Mbi ch^ejih na nocy JIOA- KH. We were sitting in the bow of the boat. <> HoBCCHTb HOC. To be crestfallen. BoAHTb Kor6-HH6y^b aa HOC. To lead somebody by the nose. He Bifflexb A&jibme c66ctb6hhoro noca. Not to see further than one's nose.

84 HOC 80 QBE HOCfiTb, Homy, Hocnmb, HOCHT imp. KOTO? qxo? KyAa? 1. to carry. KajKAWH AGHL noqxajiboh UOCHT H3M nohty. Every day the postman brings us our post. OH HOCHT KHWFH B nopx- ^>ejie. He carries his books in his bag. 2. to wear. HOCHTB MHrKyio numny. To wear a soft hat. Hocrixb 6ycbi, cepbrn. To wear beads, ear-rings. HOCKfl pi., gen. HOCKOB, aing. HOCOK, m., gen. Hocna socks niepcxhhbie HOCKH. Woollen socks. ITapa HOCKOB. A pair of socks. IIOTA 1 /. 1. note. BsHxb BHCoKyfo (miskyio) Hoxy. To sing a high (low) note. 2. no sing, music. Mrpaxb no noxam. To play from music. Mrpaxb 6es HOT. To play without music. HOTA 2 /. note Hoxa npoxecxa. A note of protest Hoxa cobexckoro npabhxejibctba. A note of the Soviet Government. HOHH Ofl, -an, -6e, -we night Ho i mafl xiimiiha. The silence of the night. HOHHELH CMena. The night shift. HoqHan py6amka. A nightgown, a night-shirt. HO^Ib /., gen. pi. -eii night Tnxafl HO^ib. A quiet night. JTyHnafl HOHb. A moonlit night. 3B63A- Haa Hoqb. A starlit night. B HOHb nojj HOBMH rofl. On New-Year's night. <> CnoKouHoii (j;66poh) HOIH. Good-night! HO^bK) adv. at night Honbio OH cnaji HecnoKoiiHO. He spent a restless night. B v iepa Ho^bio KXO-XO nocxyqaji K nam B OKHO. Last night somebody was knocking at our window. HOflBPjb m., gen. -H, no pi. November HPA BHTbCH, -BJiEOCb, -BiimbCH, -BHX- CH imp. K o M y? ^ e M y? & -f *// p. nohpa BHXbCH, -BJIIOCb, -BHmbCH, -BHXCH to like MHC ohchb npabhxch 6xa flebymka. / like that girl very much. KHHO- (JwjibM nam ne nonpabhjich. We didn't like the film. BaM HpasHxca ryjihxb 3flecb? Do you like taking walks here? -rocb, -embcn, -roxcn imp. B K o M? B H e M? to need BojibHOH nyjkaaexch B csewem BOSnyxe. The patient needs fresh air. HS T 3KHO KOMy? qemy?4-m/. & -fconj. H x 6 6 bi it is necessary, must HaM HV>KHO MHoro sahhmaxbca. We must study a lot. HyjKHO, Hx66bi B KOMHaxe.6wJio HI'ICXO. The room must be clean., -an, oe, ; -bie, short form Hy>KHa, Hywno, HyjKHbi K o M y? q e M y? necessary, that is needed HywHWH HGJiOBeK. A man who is needed. HV>KHHH yqe"6hhk. A necessary text-book. 3xa Kmira ny>k- Ha MHO ceroahh. 7 need this book today. Mne Hy)KHbi xyi )JiH. 7 need shoes. 3xox yqe6hhk MHC He / don't need this text-book. O, o (OB, OBO) prep, -f- prepos. & ace. 1. -f- prepos. about, of. 3a66xnxbCH o STjopoBbe. To take care of one's health. /Jyiviaxb o poahue. To think about one's country. Meixaxb 6yAymeM. To dream of the future. Hnxaxb KHwry o JKHSHH COBOX- CKOH MOJiOAeJKH. To read a book about the life of Soviet youth. BocnoMHHaHHH 06 oxn;e. Reminiscences (memories) of one's father. 2. -{-ace. on. BOJIHM oyuincb o 6eper. The waves beat on the shore. (3BA m. & neut., gen. o66nx; 66e /., gen. o6enx num. both 06a Apyra yqaxcn B HHCxnxyxe. Both friends study at the institute. 06e ASBymKH xopomo xann;ebajih. Both the girls danced well, m. dinner chbih o6ea- A tasty dinner. Q6e"A H3 xpex SJIKA. A three-course dinner. <> 3 a osejjom. At dinner. EEpHrjia- CHTb na osefl. To invite to dinner. OB,ZJA Tb, -K), -emb, -iox imp./ p. noo6eaa Tb, -TO, -erab, -rox to have dinner 06eAaxb B CXOJIOBOH. To have dinner at a dining-hall. Bwcxpo noo6eaaxb. To have a quick dinner.

85 QBE 81 OEP OEECIIEHHBAlTb, -to, -emb, -KXT imp. Kor6? H6M? or KOMy? q T o?/p. o6ecneq nxb, -y, - to provide 06ecneqHxb cxponxeubcxbo namh. To provide machinery for a construction project. OEEdlERHTb see OEECIIEHHBATb OEEmAjTb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. & p. KOMy? qxo?- -*n/. / p. also noo6ema xb, -ro, -emb, -IOT to promise fl o6emaio BiinojiHHXb eamy npocb- 6y. 7 promise to fulfil your request. H ooemaio, **xo npn^y K BaM ceroahh BeqepOM. / promise to come and see you this evening. OH (no)- osemaji yanaxb o spemenn co6pa- HHH. He promised to find out the time of the meeting. OEfiflETb see OEH3KAlb OEflAETbCH see OBHJKATbCH OEflflHO predic. impers. (to be) sorry; (to be) offended Mne osiiflho, qxo H ne nonaji B xeaxp. 7 am sorry I didn't get to the theatre. OEHJKAjTb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. K o- r 6? / p. o6n fletb, ->Ky, -^nmb, -JI;HT to offend, to ill-treat 060AeTb APyra. To offend a friend. Hejibsfi o6n?katb MajienbKHx. You m-ustn't ill-treat the little ones. OEH5KA TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -K>TCH imp. na KOTO? na HT 6?/ p. o6ii fletbch, -JKycb, -^anibch, -JJ;HT- CH to take offence, to be offended 06,n;eTbCH Ha 6paxa. To take offence at one's brother. He o6hh<ahch Ha MOH CJiOBa! Don't be offended at my words/ CEJIAKIO neut., pi. -a 1. cloud. JJojKAeBoe osjiano. A raincloud. TpoaoBBie osjiana. Thunderclouds. fig. cloud. OSjiaKO HHJIH. A dust cloud. OBJIACT b /., gen. pi. -en 1. region. 06JiacTb Jiecos. The forest region. 2. region. ApxanreJibCKan 66jiacxb. The Arkhangelsk region. 3. field. Hoeafl 66jiacxb naykh. A new field of science. 4. region. 06jiacxb cep/ma. The region of the heart OEMAH^Tb see OEMAHblBATb OBMAHbIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6?/p. psmanyxb, o6many, o6ma- Hemb, o6m3hyx to deceive ToBapnm robopiiji, qxo npn^ex, HO osmanyji: ne npnmeji. The friend said he would come, but he didn't keep his word. <> OSnaeyTb iiajie;kju,i. To disappoint somebody's hopes. OGMaeyxb jionepno. To betray somebody's trust OEMEHflTbCH see MHHTbCH, 1 OEHHMA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox Imp. KOTO?//). osnflxb, o6hhmy, o6nh- Memb, oshhmyx, past 66Hflji, -a, 66HHJIH to embrace OSHHXb Apyra. To embrace one's friend. 06HHXb cxapyro Maxb. To embrace one's old mother. -embcn, -roxca OBHHMA TbCH, -rocb, imp. C K e M?/p. o6hhxbch, 06HH- Mycb, oshhmembch, oshhmyxca, past o6hh jich, -jiacb, -jincb to embrace KpenKO oshhxtca c xobaphm;em. embrace one's friend heartily. OEHflTb see To OBHHMATb OBHHTbCH see OBHHMATbCH OEOftTfl see OBXO^flTb OEOPOHA /., no pi. defence OEOPy/JOBAHHE neut., no pi. equipment HoBefimee o6opyn;obahhe. The most up-to-date equipment. OEPAJJOBATb see PA^OBATb OEPA^OBATbCH see PAJJOBATbCH OEPA3 m. 1. character. JlHxepaxypmjH 66pa3. A literary character. 2. way. 06paa JKHSHH, MWCJIH. A way of life, of thinking. <> TaKHM oopaaom. So; thus. TjiaB- IIMM oopa.iom. Mainly. OEPA30BAHHE neut., no pi., education IIpaBO Ha o6pa.30bahhe. The right to education. Bbicmee o6pa3obahne. Higher education. HoJiyHHXb o6pa- BOBaHHe. To be educated. Kanoe y Bac o6pa30bahne? What education have you? OEPA3 OBATb, -^ro, -yemb, -yrox imp. & p. qxo? 1. to set up. 06pa30Baxb KOMHC- CHK). To set up a commission.

86 OEP 82 OBT> 2. to form, to make up..zjaa axoma BOAOpoAa H axom 06- KHCJioppAa paayioi MOJieKyay BOAM. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen make up a molecule of water. OEPA3 OBATbCH, 1st & 2nd f pers. not used, 3rd pers. yexcn, -yioxcn imp. & p. to be formed 06pa30BaJiocb nosoe rocyflapcxbo. A new state was formed. B pesyjibxaxe xhmhieckoh peakn,hh o6pasyexcfl Hofioe Bemecxso. As a result of a chemical reaction a new substance is formed. OEPATftTb see OEPAIIjATb OEPATflTbCH see OBPA^ATbCH OEPATfllblfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. 06- paxho return 06paxHUH 6HJI6T. A return ticket. Ha o6paxhom nyxn. On one's return journey. Ty^a OH exaji na noes^e, a ospaxho Jiexea camojiexom. He went there by train and came back by plane. -K>, -enib, -KT imp. T o?//>. o6pa xhxb, -my, -xiimb, -THT 06paxiixb BHHMaHHe. To pay attention. 06paTHTC BHHMaHHG Ha 3TOFO HCJiOBeKa! Look at that man! -emlca, -K>TCH OEPAmAjTBCH, -rocb, imp. K KOMy? K HCM y?/p. o6pa - THTbCfl, -mycb, -THmbCJI, -THTCH to turn (to), to address, to apply 06paTHTbCH K co6pabmhmcfl. To address a meeting. 06paTHTbCH c npocb6oh K flhpektopy. To address a request to the director. CH K spaiy aa COBCTOM. 06paTHTb- To turn to a doctor for advice. no pi. OBCTAHOBKA /., 1. furniture. 06cxaHOBKa The furniture of the room. 2. situation, atmosphere. HapoAHan oscxahobka. The international situation Bece^a nponuia B npyjkecxbehhoh o6cxa- HOBKC. The conversation took place in a friendly atmosphere. OBCYAflTb see OECyJKflATb OECy5K,H;A Tb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp., ogcy^hx to discuss BajKHbiH Bonpoc. To discuss an important question. 06cy- HOBblH KHHO( )ITJIbM, To discuss a new film, a report. OBYBb f., no pi. footwear OEXOftftTb, osxojky, osxoahmb, 06- XOAHX imp. KOTO? nxo?/p. o6oh - TH, -AV, -Aemb, -Ayx, past o6ome'ji, o6omji a, -6, -H 1. to go round. OGonxn Bonpyr AO- Ma. To go round the house. 2. to go round. 06onxH Jiywy. To go round a puddle. 06oHXH ropy. To go round a hill. 3. to visit. 06oHXH see MaraaHHH. To visit all the shops. OEIIJEHCflTHE neut. hostel GxyAeHqecKoe o6m;e>khxhe. A students' hostel. JKnxb B o6m;eh{iixhh. To live at a hostel. OEIIJECTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -we 1. social. 06mecxseHHHH cxpofi. Social system. 2. social, public. 06m,ecxBeHHafl pa- -66xa. Social work. 06m;ecxBeHHbie oprahh3an,hh. Public organisations. <> OSmecTBeHHbifi ^ehtejib. A public figure. OEmECTBO neut. 1. society. KoMMyHHCxifaecKoe 66- m;ecxbo. Communist society. Byp- >Kya3Hoe 66mecxBO. Bourgeois society. 2. society. Hay^moe 66m;ecxBp. A 66n;ecxBO. sports society. scientific society. A CnopXHBHoe 06- mecxbo Apy6bi c sapy6ehhmn cxpanamh. A society of friendship with foreign countries. OEmiHfl, -an,' -ee, -He 1. common. 06m;He HHxepecbi. Common interests. 06mee HMymecx- BO. Common property. V HHX Bee 66m;ee. They have everything in common. 2. general. 06mHe Bonpocbi. General questions. <0> Hex (or HC HMexb) HHMero 66- mero c KeM-/qeM-jiH6o. To have nothing to do with somebody/something. B 66ii;cM. In general. OETjEflHHfiTb see OBT>EJ]iHHHTb OET>EAHHflTbCH see OBT>EAH- HUTbCH OB'bE.UHHUlTb, -H), -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? H x o?//>. 06-beAHHliixb, -16, -Hmb, -HX to unite

87 . OSTaflCHHTb OET> 83 oro CHJIbI CopIJOB 3a M0p. To unite the efforts of the champions of peace. OE p be#hhh TBCH, - roci> ' -embca, -IOTCH imp. C K6M? C H 6 M?/ p. o6teahh HTbCa, -K)Cb, -JffllbCa, -HT- CH to unite OHU ofybeahhhjincb c ^pyrhm KOJI- XO30M fljih nocxpohkh 66m;eH 3JI6K- TpocxaHijHH. They pooled together resources with another collective farm to build a common electric power station. OET>EM m. volume 06teM xejia. The volume of a body. OE'bHBftTb see OETbHBJIflTb OET>HBJIEHHE neut. 1. announcement. OS-baBJieHHe o co6pahhh. Announcement of a meeting. 2. advertisement, notice, ^ocna A notice board. o6t>hbjiehhe B rasexy. To put an advertisement in a newspaper. OETbHBJlUlTb, -K>, -emb, -K>T imp. q T 0? HC M?/p. o6t>hbhtb, o6l>hb- JIK), o6t>hbhinb, os^hbht to announce, to declare 06tHBHTb o pemehhh. To announce a decision. 06i.HB0Tb Bonny. To declare war. <> O6i>HBHTb Sjiaro^apHOCTb. To express one's gratitude. OET>flCHflTb see OET>HCHHTb OE'bflCHUlTb, -ro, -emb, -H)T imp. H T 0? K M V? / P. os-lhchlhtb, -K), -jimb, -HT to explain ypok. To explain a lesson. 06i>HCHHTb 3aAa T iy. To explain a task. 06'f>HCHHTb CBOIO Mbicjib. To explain one's idea. ITpeno^aBaTeJib octhchhji ciyflehtam Tpy^Hoe npa- BHJIO. The teacher was explaining a difficult rule to the students. OEbIKHOBEHH bifl, -an, -oe, -He ordinary OStiKHOBeHHHH HeJioBeK. An ordinary man. OGbiKHOBeHHan pa66xa. Ordinary work. OEb'IHAfl m. custom HanHonajibHbie octihah. National customs. OEKIMHO adv. 6* usually 06brrao H Bciaio B 7 nacos yxpa. / usually get up at 7 o'clock in the morning., -ah, -oe, -tie ordinary #ehb. An ordinary day. OEHSAHHOCTb /. duty, obligation npaea H odnaahhocth. Rights and obligations. OEH3ATEJlbHO adv. by all certainly, without fail means, 9xy pa66xy nazto odhsaxejibho c^e- Jiaib ceroahfl. This work must be done today without fail. 06H3^xeJib- HO nocmoxpnxe axy KHHOKapxnny. Make sure you see this film. H npn^y K BaM o6h3axejibno. /'// certainly come to see you. OBJIAftEBAITb, -K), -enib, -iox imp. K e M? H e M? I p. OBJia^elxb, -10, -emb, -rox to seize, to master OBJia^exb Kpenocxbio. To seize a fortress. OBJia^exb HSLIKOM. To master a language. OBJia^eBaxb 3HaHHH- MH. To get knowledge. OBJia^exb no- BOH cnenaajibhocxbio. To master a new speciality. OBJIAtfETb see OB-JTA^EBATb OBOIU, H pl. gen. t pi. -en vegetables CBejKHe oboni,h. Fresh vegetables. PaHHne OBom,H. Early vegetables. OrJlHftMBAITbCH, -iocb, -enibcn, -IOXCH imp. I p. orjianyxbch, OFJIHnycb, orjiflnembch, orjiflnyxcn to glance back OrJiHHyxbCH nasa/i;. To glance back. H 6wcxpo orjianyjich. 7 glanced back quickly. OrjIflHYTbCa see CH OFOHb m., jen. orim; pi. ormi 1. no pi. fire. HPKHH oronb B A bright fire in the stove. 2. light. SajKe^b oronb. To switch on the light. HoracHXb oronb. To switch off the light. Ornii ropo^a. The lights of the. city. <> EoflTbCH KaK orna. Cf. To fear like death. HATH B oronb u BO- Ay aa K6M-JiH6o, 3a Koro-Ji06o. Cf. To go through thick and thin after, for somebody. Hex A^M* 6ea ornfl (proverb). There is no smoke without a fire. OrOPO/J m. kitchen-garden EoJibmoH oropoa- A large kitchengarden. Paooxaxb na oropoae. To work in the kitchen-garden. B oropoae

88 or? 84 OKA pacxex KapTO$>eJib. Potatoes grow in the kitchen-garden. OFPOMHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form orpomee, orpomh a, -o, -bi huge, great OrpoMHbiH ropofl. A huge city. OrpoMHbie B03Mo>KHOCXH. Great possibilities. OrpoMHbiH ycnex. Great success. OryP EIJ m., gen. -n.a cucumber Panmie orypn>i. Early cucumbers. CoJi&Hbie orypn.bi. Salted cucumbers. O#EBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -JOT imp. KO- TO? BO HTO?/P. Ofle Tb, -ny, -nerab, -nyx to dress OAesaxb pese'hka. To dress the child. OAexb pesenna B HOBOO miaxbe. To dress the child in a new dress. OftEBAjTbCfl, -rocb, -enibch, -K>XCH imp. BO qxo?/p. OAe xbch, -Hycb, -HembCH, -Hyxca to dress SHMOH HaAO xenjio OAeBaxbCH. You must dress in warm clothes in winter. Xopomo OAesaxbCH. To dress well. OAexbCH BO Bee HOBOO. To be dressed in new clothes. OAesaxbC co BK.ycoM. To dress tastefully. OflESKflA /., no pi. clothes PaSoian OA6>KAa. Working clothes. BepXHHH OAe>KAa. Outdoor clothes. OIIETb see OAEBATb OAETbCH see OAEBATbCH OftEHJIO neut. blanket; quilt BaxHoe OAeflJio. A quilt. HaKpu- BaibCH OAeaJioM. To cover oneself with a blanket.^, OAna, OAHO, OAHH pron. 1. alone, fl >KHBy OAMH. / live alone. H ne JiioSjiro ryjiaxb oaha. / don't like walking alone. 2. alone, only, fl OAH Mory axo CASJiaxb. / alone can do this. 3. one OAHH MOH APyr (OAHH H3 MOMX Apy3 H ) pacckaaaji MHO HHxepecnyiO ncxopnio. A friend of mine told me an interesting story. 4. the same. MM yqnmca na OAHOM Kypce. We are in the same course. 5. used as n. one. OAHH nome'ji najieso, ApyroH HanpaBo. One went to the left; the other, to the right., -an, -oe, -we, short form OAHH3KOB, -a, -o, -H; adv. OAHnaKOBo same, identical 3XH HJiaXbH COBC6M OAHHaKOBbie. These dresses are quite identical. y HHX OAHHaKOBbie BarjiHAH na Jinxepaxypy. They have the same ideas on literature. OflHHOKIHft, -an, -oe, -He, short form OAHHOK, -a, -o, -H; adv. OAH- HOKO 1. lonely. OAHHOKHH HejioseK. A lonely man. 2. solitary. OAHHOKOO Aepeso. A solitary tree. 3. lonely. OAHHOKaa WH3Hb. A lonely life. 0,IJHA5K#bI adv. once, one day O^HAKO conj. however ftojkab JIHJI KaK H3 B6Apa, OAHaKO pa66xa ne npekpamajiacb. The rain fell in torrents, but the work never stopped. OflHOBPEMEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. oahobpemohho simultaneous Mbi OAHOBpeMeHHo npnexajih na BOKaaJi. We arrived at the station at the same time. C3EPO neut., pi. oaepa lake Oaepo BanKaJi. Lake Baikal. }Ke- HeBCKoe oaepo. The Lake of Geneva. OKA3ATb see OKA3bIBATb OKA3ATbCH see OKA3bIBATbCfl OKA3blBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. Hxo?KoMy? na KOT 6?//>. OKaaaxb, okawy, OKamemb, okajkyx to render, to offer, to exert OKB3biBaxb nomomb. To render assistance. OKaswBaxb conpoxhbjie- Hne. To offer resistance. OKasbiBaxb BjiHflHHe (na Koro, ixo). To influence (somebody). -embcn, -rox- CH imp. I p. OKasaxbCH, OKA3bIBA TbCH, -rocb, 1. K e M? K a K H M? to turn out to be. OH okasajicfl onenb nnxepechmm HejiOBOKOM. He turned out to be a very interesting man. 2. to find oneself. HeowHAanHO MM OKasaJiHCb na nesnakomoh yjini;e. Suddenly we found ourselves in an unfamiliar street. OKSL- 3aXbCH B XpyAHOM nojiojkehhh. To find oneself in a difficult situation.

89 OKA 85 OHA 3. par en. word OKastiBaexcH, Be"- qep 6yflex ne B cy666xy, a B BocKpecenbe. The evening-party is in fact to take place on Sunday and not on Saturday. OKAH^HBAITb, -TO, -emb, -K>T imp. HXO?/p. OKOHH HXb, -y, -HIIIB, -ax to finish OKOHHHTB pa66xy. To finish work. OKOHHHXb nmojiy. To finish school. OKOHHHTb HHCxnxyx. To graduate from the institute. OKAHHHBA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ercn, -IOTCH, imp. H6M? Ip. OKOHq HXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -axcfl to end CneKxaKJib OKOHIHJICH nos^no. The performance ended late. OKEAH m. ocean THXHH pkean. The Pacific Ocean. AxJiaHTH^ecKHH OKean. Atlantic Ocean. Hapoxotf naxoahxch cen^ac B OKeane. The ship is now at sea. OKHO neut., pi. OKHa, OKOH, okham, etc. window OKHa BuxoAflX na yjiimy. The windows overlook the street. CMOXpexb B OKHO. To look through the window. CMOXpexb H3 OKHa. To look out of the window. GKOJIO prep. 4- gen. 1. near. OKOJIO Marasiraa CTOHJIO MHoro napoaa. There were many people near the shop. OH ceji OKO- JIO MCHH. He sat down beside me. 2. about. MH ryjrajra OKOJIO Byx lacob. We walked for about two hours. OKOH^AHHE neut. completion, end(in^) OKOH^aHHe cxporxejibcxsa. The completion of the construction. OKOHqanne ceanca. The end of a performance. <> OKoe^aHHe cjieflyet. To be continued. OKOHHHTb see OKAH^HBATB OKCHHHTtCH seeokahhhbatbch OKPEnHYTb see KPEnHYTb OKPyacAlTb, -K>, -emb, -K>T imp. KOTO? HTO? H e M?//?. OKpyw lftb, -y, -nmb, -ax 1. to surround. /Jem okpy^hjin MaTb. The children surrounded their mother. 2. usu. no p. to surround, HK> co Bcex CTOPOH jieca. The village was completely surrounded by woods. 3. fig. to surround. OKpyjKHTb aa- 66TOH. To surround with solicitude. OKTflEPjb m., gen. -A October OH pron., m., gen., ace. ero [-BO], dat. emy, instr. HM, prepos. o HCM he, it OH npnexaji H3 CDpaHn;HH. He came from France. GTOJiHn.a Opan- HHH IlapHJK. OH CTOHT Ha Gene. The capital of France is Paris. It is situated on the Seine. OHA pron., /., gen., ace. ee, dat. en, instr. ero, prepos. o HBH she, it Ona OTjjLixajia na HepnoM Mope. She spent her holidays at the Black Sea. OTKyaa y sac 9Ta KHnra? H KynKJi ee B KHHJKHOM MarasMne. "Where did you get that book?" "7 bought it at a bookshop." OHfl pron., pi., gen., ace. HX, dat. HM, instr. I'JMH, prepos. o HHX they Omi MHoro cnopnjih o JiHTepaxype. They argued a lot about literature. B namem ca/iy pacxyt HseTLi. OHH ohohb KpacMBbi. There are flowers in our garden. They are very beautiful. OHO pron., neut., gen., ace. ero [-BO], dat. emy, instr. HM, prepos. o HCM it H6JIOKO ynajio. OHO JICJKIIT na 36M- Jie. The apple has dropped. It is on the ground. OIlA3#I>IBA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. Ky^a? na CKoJibKo? &- inf. I p. ono3,na Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT to be late CTyACHT onosaaji na ypok. The student was late for his lesson. BLI onosaajin na 15 MHHyT. You are 15 minutes late. MM onosaajin K Ha^aJiy cnekiakjifl. We were too late for the beginning of the performance. H onosflaji nocmoipetb 3xy KapTHHy. / missed that film. danger HoflBepraTbcfl onacnocth. To be exposed to danger. Bbixb B onacnoc- TH. To be in danger. HaM rp03ht onachocxb. We are in danger. HsSeTKaxb onachocxn. To escape OHACHOCTb /. danger.

90 OIIA 86 opr OIlACH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. onac- HO dangerous OnacHHH cjiy^ah. A dangerous case. Onacnaa pa66xa. Dangerous work. IIo 3TOH Aopore HATH onac- HO. It's dangerous to go along that road. OHEPA /. 1. opera. CJiymaxb onepy. To listen to an opera. Kynnxb BmiexH na onepy. To buy tickets for the opera. 2. opera. Teaxp onepu H 6ajiexa. A theatre of opera and ballet. OHEPAIJHH /. operation Xnpypr c^ejiaji cjio^knyio onepan,hk). The surgeon performed a difficult operation. OnepaijHfl Ha cepan,e. A heart operation. OIIA3nbIBATb see see OUPABflblBATb -H), -enib, -IOT imp. K o r 6? H T o? H e M?/p. onpaba&lxb, -K), -emb, -IOT 1. to acquit. CyA ero onpabaaji. He was acquitted by the court. 2. to justify. OH onpabawbaji CHOC oxcyxcxbhe na sahaxjiax oojiea- HbK). He tried to justify his absence from the lessons by his illness. <> OnpaBAweaTb AOBepne (KOPOjiH6o). To justify (somebody's) confidence. OIIPEJJEJIEHHE neut. definition To^Hoe onpeaejiehhe. An exact definition. MeiKoe oupeaejiehhe. A precise definition. ^ail onpeaejie- Hue. To give a definition. OnPEJJEJlEHHIblM, -an, -oe, -He 1. definite. OnpeAeJie'HHLiH oibei. A definite answer. 2. certain. OnpeACJieHHbiii A certain order. OnPEflEJlflTb see OIIPE#EJlH Tb, -K), -erab, -K>T imp. ITO? I p. onpeaeji HTb, -K>, -Hmb, -HT 1. to define. OnpeAeJiHTb ceoe OT- HOineHiie K co6bithhm. To define one's attitude towards events. 2. to determine. OnpeAeJiHTb BCJIH- HHey. To determine a quantity. OnpeAeJinTb yroji. To determine an angle. OIiyCKA Tb, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. K o- r 6? ^ T o?//>. onycthtb, onymy, onycthrab, onycxht 1. to lower. OnycTWTb pege'hka Ha noji. To put the child on the floor. OnycxMTb rojioey. To hang one's head. OnycTHTb rjiaaa. To lower one's eyes. OnycTHTb BO- POTHHK. To lower the collar. 2. to drop. OnyciMTb nncbmo B fimhk. To drop a letter into a post-box. OnyCTflTb see OHYCKATb OflblT m. 1. TIO pi. experience. JKiiaHenHbiH onbit. Life's experience. Ontix pa66ibi. Experience of work. HMexb 6ojibra6n onbit. To have great experience. HcnoJibsOBaxb CBOH onbix. To utilise one's experience. 2. experiment. XHMPi^ecKHeonbixbi. Chemical experiments. TIpOBO- AHXb onbixbi. To make experiments. B Jiaoopaxopnn HAGT onbit. An experiment is in progress in the laboratory. OnblTHIblH, -an, -oe, -He, short form OHHXCH, 6nHXH a, -o, -H 1. experienced. OnbixHhifi pasoina. An experienced worker. Onnx- HHH pykoboahxejib. An experienced leader. OHHXHHH npenoaa- BaxeJib. An experienced teacher. 2. only complete form experimental. Onnxnan pa66xa. Experimental work. Onnxnan cejibckoxoaflhcx- BeHHaa cxahn;hh. An experimental agricultural OIlHTb station. adv. again GeroAHH onaxb njioxan noroaa. We are having bad weather again today. OPFAH m. 1. organ. Oprann pein. The organs of speech. Opran cjiyxa. The organ of hearing. OpraHH flbixa- HHH. Respiratory organs. 2. organ. FocyAapcxBeHHHft opran. An organ of government. IlapXMH- HHe oprahh. Party organs. OpraHH MHJIHIJHH. Militia organs. 3. organ. Fasexa H3BecxHH 6praH IIpeaHAHyMa BepxoBHoro Gosexa GGCP. The newspaper Izvestia is the organ of the

91 OFF 87 OCE Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. OPrAHHSAIJHH /. 1. no pi. organisation. OpraHHsanHH Benepa. Organisation of an enening-party. OpraHHsaijHH pa- 66xhi. Organisation of work. OpraHH3an;Hfl 9KcneAHn;HH. Organisation of an expedition. 2. organisation. IlapxHHHaH opra- HHsan;Hfl. A party organisation. IIpo$coK)3HaH oprahh3an,hh. A trade-union organisation. OPrAHH3 OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox imp. & p. K o r 6? i T o? 1. to organise. OprannsoBaxb SK- CKypcnro. To organise an excursion. OpramisoBaxb Be^ep camo- AenxeJibHOcxH. To organise an amateur concert. 2. to plan. OpraHHSOBaxb pa66- Ty. To plan work. OpraHHSOBaxb CBoe spemh. To plan one's time. OPJJEH m., pi. -a order HarpaAHXb 6pA6HOM. To award an order. IIoJiyHiixb 6pA6H. To receive an order. OPEJI m., gen. opjia eagle OPfiX m. nut Kpynnue opexn. Large nuts. MeJi- Kne opexh. Small nuts. JlecHbie ope- XH. Hazel nuts. KOKOCOBMC opexn. Coco-nuts. FpeijKHe opexii. Walnuts. KojioTb opexh. To crack nuts. OPKECTP m. orchestra GHM^OHHHecKHH opkecxp. A symphony orchestra. Opnecxp no^ ynpasjiennem AHpn?Kepa MpasiracKoro. An orchestra conducted by Mravin sky. OpKecTp HcnojiHaex 5-yio CHM- $OHHIO HanKOBCKoro. The orchestra is playing Tchaikovsky's 5th symphony. KoHn,epT Jm (^opxennaho c opnecxpom. A concerto for piano and orchestra. OPOCflTb see OPOfflATb OPOfflA Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp. H T o?/p. opo chxb, -my, -cianib, -CHT to irrigate Opomaxb cxenn. To irrigate the steppes. neut. i. implement. OP^AHH nponsboacxfia. Implements of production. CeJIbCKOXOSHHCXBeHHLie Agricultural implements. 2. gun. ApxHJiJiepiracKoe opyane. Piece of ordnance. no pi. OP^JKHE neut., 1. weapon. GospeMeHHoe A modern weapon. opyjkne. 2. fig. weapon. Henaxb Mory^ee opyhcne. The press is a mighty weapon. OCBAHBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. H T O?//?. OCBOJHXb, -ro, -Hnib, -HX to master OcBonxb HoBue MexoAbi pasoxbi. To master new methods of work. OcBanBaxb nobtie SOMJIH. To bring new land under cultivation. OCBOnxb HOBtiH cxanok. To learn to use a new machine-tool. OCBETflTb see OCBEiqATb OCBEmA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? H x o? / p. ocbe xhxb, -my, -xamb, -xax to light HacxoJibHan JiaMna xopomo ocbem;aex cxoji. A desk-lamp lights the desk well. OCBOEOJJftTb see OCBOEOJKJJATb OCBOBOAflTbCH see OCBOEOHC- JUATbCH OCBOBOHCAAITb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. KOTO? HXO? ox Koro?ox ^er 6? / p. ocbo6o A0Tb, -T 1. to free. OcBoSoAHXb napoah ox pascxsa H yrnexehhh. To free the peoples from slavery and oppression. 2. to vacate. OcsoGoAHXb Mecxo. To vacate a place. OCBOBO3K/JA TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -roxcn imp. ox KOTO? ox Hero? & without an object / p. OCBO- 6o AHXbca, -JKycfc, -AMmbCfl, -A^XCH 1. to free oneself. OcBo6oAHXbCH ox rnexa, ox pa6cxsa. To free oneself from oppression, from slavery. 2. to get free. H ocbo6oahjich ce- TOAHH B 6 HacoB. / was free at 6 o'clock today. 3. to become vacant. Mecxo sa cxo- JIOM ocbo6oahjiocb. The seat at the table became vacant. OCBOHTb see OCBAHBATb OCHH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne autumn OceHHHH A6Hb. An autumn day. Ocennee najibxo. An autumn coat.

92 OCE 88 OCT OCEHb /., TIO pi. autumn 3oJiOT3H ocehb. A golden autumn. IIoaAHflfl ocehb. Late autumn. OCEHbK) adv. K o r jj, a? in autumn Ocenbio aflecb HacTo HAVT AOJK.HH. It often rains here in autumn. OCKOPEftTb see OCKOPEJIflTb OCKOPEJlfl Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. K O r 6? H X 0? H e M?//). OCKOp 6HXb, -6JiK>, -6wmb, -6HT to insult OcKOp6nxb HGJiOBeKa. To insult a person. Bamn cjioea MGHH rjiy6ok<3 ockopsrijih. Your words were a grave insult to me. OCJIAEHTb see OCJIAEJIflTb OCJIABJlH Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? H x o?/p. ocjia 6HXb, -6Jiio, -6nmb, -6HT 1. to weaken. BoJiesnb ocjia6njia ero opramism. The illness had weakened his organism. 2. fig. to relax. Ocjia6nxb BHHMaHne. To relax attention. OCMATPHBA Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. K o r 6? H x o?/p. ocinoxpexb, OCMOTpK), OCMOXpHlrib, OCMOXpflX 1. to see. OcMaxpuBaTb Mysen, BHCTaBKH, KapTHHhl. To S66 museums, exhibitions, pictures. 2. to examine. Bpaq ocmoxpeji 6ojib- Horo. The doctor examined the patient. OCMOTPfiTb see OCMATPHBATb OCHOBA /. 1. basis. OCHOBOH flokjia^a CLIJIH c66ctbehhue Bne^aTJieHiiH abiopa. The report was based on the author's own impressions. 2. only pi. fundamentals. OCHOBLI reojiornn. Foundations of geology. <0 Ha OCHOBG uiibira. On the basis OCHOBATEJlb m. of experience. founder OcHOBaxeJib y^enhh, xeophh, Hay- KH. The founder of a teaching, theory, science. OcHOBaxeJib ropo^a. The founder of the city. OCHOBATb see OCHOBblBATb OCHOBHIOfl, -an, -6e, -ue cardinal, basic OCIIOBHOH Bonpoc MeHCflynapoAHOH ogcxahobkh. The main problem of the international situation. B OCHOB- HOM BLI npabbi. On the whole you are right. OCHOBbIBA Tb, -ro, -crab, -iox imp. HXO? / p. ochjobaxb, -yio, -yemb, -yrox 1. to found. OcHOsaxb r6poa- To found a city. OcHOBaxb ynhbep- CHxex. To found a university. 2. to base. Ha HBM BM ocnobbibaexe same MneHne? What do you base your opinion on? OCOBEHHOCTb /. peculiarity Oc66eHHOCXH pa66xu. Peculiarities of a work. XyAOHsecxBenHbie oco- 6eHHOCXH pomana. The artistic peculiarities of a novel. OcoGennocxH xapanxepa Sxoro qejioseka. The peculiar features of that man's character. <C> B oc66ehhocth. In particular. OCOBEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. oc66enho 1. particular, especial. Oc66eHHbra ycnex HMCJIO BbicxynjieHne MO- JPOAOH nebhn;bi. The performance of the young singer was particularly successful. 2. peculiar. V nee KanoH-xo oco- 6eHHHH KOCXIOM. She wears a somewhat unusual costume. OCTAJBATbCH, -rocb, -embca, -roxcfl imp. I p. ocxa xbch, -nycb, -nembcfl, -HyXCH 1. to remain. IlocJie HHCxnxyxa H ocxajicn B ropofle. On graduating from the institute I remained in my native town. 2. to remain. OH o^enb HSMenHJi- CH, xdjibko rjiasa ocxajincb npe>khhmh. He has changed a lot, only his eyes are still the same. 3. to be left. OH ocxajicfl cnpoxon. He was left an orphan. V MCHH ocxajiocb 10 py6jieh. 7 have 10 roubles left. #e"th Ocxa- Jincb 6ea poahxejien. The children were left without parents. <> OcxaTbCfl B WHBbix. To remain alive. OcTEBaTbCfl np CBOCM MHB- Hnii. To remain of the same opinion. OCTABHTb see OCTABJlHTb OCTABJlH Tb, -ro, -emb, -K>X imp. K o r 6? H x o? / p. ocxa BHXb, -BJIIO, -BHinb, -BHX 1. to leave. Ocxaanxb xexpaa^ AO- Ma. To leave a copy-book a t home.

93 OCT 89 ocy 2. to leave. OH ocxabhji apyry aanhcky. He left a note for his friend. 3. to leave. Maxb ocxabhjia fl6jiokh AJIH A6Te"H. The mother left the apples for her children. 4. to leave. OcxaBHXb po^hoh AOM. To leave one's home. 5. to leave alone (only imper.). Oc- TaBb pesenka, He xporah ero! Leave the child alone, don't touch him! OCTAJIbH Gfl, -an, -6e, -He 1. (the) rest. B HioJie cxyaenxn CHJIH B AOMe oxahxa, ocxajib- Hyro nactb KaHirayji OHH npo- BCJIH B TypWCXCKOM EOXOflC. In July the students were at a rest- -home, the rest of their holidays they spent hiking. 3xo a6jio- KO OCXaBb MH6, a OCXaJIbHbie B03bMH ce6e. Leave that apple for me, and take the rest. 2. used as n., pi. the rest. Mbi c HaBJiOM npmnjiii B 6 nacos, ocxajibhhe nosahee. Pavel and I came at 6 o'clock; the rest came later. OCTAHABJlHBAjTb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. K o r 6? *i T o?//>. ocxa HOBiiTb, -HOBJIK), -HOBHmb, -HOBHT 1. to stop. OcTanoBiiTb 6erymero qejiobena. To stop a running man. OcTanoBiiTb noeaa CTOH- KpaHOM. To stop the train with the emergency brake. Oc pa6otbi. To cease work. 2. to rest. OcTaHOBHTb Ha KapTHHe. To rest ones gaze on a picture. 3.: OH He anaji, na HCM ocxahobhtb CBOH Bbi6op. He didn't know what to fix his choice on. -rocb, -embch, -K)TCfl imp. TA6?/p. OCTa HOBHTbCH, -HOBJIMCb, -HOBHHIbCfl, -HOBHTCH 1. to stop. BApyr noesa octahobiiji- CH. The train suddenly stopped. OCTAHABJIHBA TbCH, 2. to stop working. CxaHOK ocxa- HOBIJJICH H3-3a TOFO, HTO H6 6biJio 9JieKTpoaHeprHH. The machine-tool stopped working because of a power failure. 3. fig. to deal. Hpo^eccop B CBOCH octahobhjicfl Ha npo6jie- COBPOM9HHOH TCXHHKH. In his lecture the professor dealt with the problems of modern technology. 4. to put up. OcxaHOBHTbCfl B roc- THHHne. To put up at a hotel. OCTAHOBfiTb see OCTAHABJ1H- BATb OCTAHOBflTbCH see OCTAHABJTH- BATbCH OCTAHOB KA /., gen. pi. -OK 1. stop. CACJI Tb ocxahobky. To stop. 2. pause. FoBopnTb 6ea ocxanobkh. To speak without stopping. 3. stop. ABx66ycHan ocxanobka. A bus stop. Ha ocxanobke cxoajia rpynna cxyaenxob. There was a group of students at the stop. KoHeHHan ocxanobka. A terminal. BaM HaAo exaxb 5 ocxano- BOK. You must get off at the sixth stop. HaM cxoa^xb na cjie- AyK)m,eH ocxanobke. We get off at the next stop. OCTATbCH see OCTABATbCH OCTOP05KH blfi, -aa, -oe, -bie, short form ocxopohten, ocxop6}kh a, -o, -H; adv. ocxopohmo careful OcxopoJKHbiH HeJiOBeK. A careful person. OH ocxopojkho nocxabiui na cxoji Baay c nsexamh. He put the vase of flowers on the table carefully. OcxopoJKHOl Take care! Be careful! OCTPOB m., pi -a island OCTPO^MHlblfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form ocxpoymen, ocxpoymh a, -o, -H; adv. ocxpoymho witty OcxpoyMHHH nejiobek. A witty person. OcxpoyMHHH oxsex. A witty answer. OCTP blh, -an, -oe, -He, short form ocxe'p, ocxpa, 6cxp o, -H 1. sharp. Ocxpna HOJK. A sharp knife. 2. fig. keen, sharp. Ocxpoe spehne. Keen eyesight. OcipHH VM. A sharp wit. 3. jig. sharp. Ocxpan 6oJib. A sharp pain. 4. fig. pungent. Ocxpnn coyc. A pungent sauce. <C> OSxoAHTb octpwe yrjibi. To avoid all controversial subjects. see OCyilJECTBflTb JlHTb

94 ocy 90 OTA OCymECTBflTbCH see OCyilJECTB- JlflTbCH OCymECTBJIfl Tb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. ^ T o?//>. ocymect B0Tb, -BJIK>, -BHmb, -BHT to realise OcymecTBHTb njian, Meqry, wejia- HHC. To realise a plan, one's dream, one's wish. OcyinecTBtfTb ajiektpn- ( )HKan;HK> HapOAHOrO XOSHHCTBa. To electrify the national economy. OCymECTBJIfl TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -IOTCH imp. /p. ocymectb iitbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH to realise Ham HJian ocymectbkjich. Our plan has been realised. OT (OTO) prep. -{-gen. 1. from. Orbexaxb OT ropo/ja. To go a certain distance from the city. VexaTb OT poahtix. To go away from one's relatives. OT MocKBbi AO Jlemrarpafla. From Moscow to Leningrad. OT Tpe'x AO HHTH. From three to five. 2. from. IIojiyHiiTb HHCLMO OT OT- H,a. To get a letter from one's father. VsHaTb HOBOCTH OT TO- Bapnma. To learn the news from one's friend. 3. for. OT BOJIH6HHH OH HO MOf CKa- 3aTb HH cjiosa. He couldn't utter a word for excitement. OT pa^qcth. For joy. OT CTpaxa. For fear. 4. to. KJIIOH OT KOMHaTbi. A key to a room. 5. from, against. SamMTa OT spara. Defence against the enemy. JleKapCTBo OT rpanna. A medicine for the 'flu. 0> OT flyraa. Sincerely. OT ecero cepuqa. With all one's heart. OT HMCIIII Kor6-;jiioa. On somebody's behalf. OTBET m. 1. answer. HanncaTb OTBOT. To write an answer. /JaTb OTBCT. To give an answer. OTBCT na nncb- MO. An answer to a letter. 2. answer. Xoponraa OTB&T ynehhnd Ha ypone. The pupil's good answer at a lesson. 3. solution. OTBOT aaaahh. The solution of a problem. IIpaBHJib- HWH OTBCT. A correct solution. OTBETHTb see OTBEHATb OTBETCTBEHHlbia, -a, -oe, -He adv. OTBeTCTseHHO responsible OTBeTCTBeHHbiH pa6othhk. A responsible worker. OTBeTCTBeHHbiH pe- AaKTOp. The editor-in-chief. OTB6T- CTBeHHbiH aa paooty. Responsible for the work. OTBEHA TB, -ro, -emb, -K>T imp.jp. OTBC THTb, -Hy, -THfflb, -THT 1. HTO? KOMy? na HTO? to answer. OTBeTHTb apyry. To answer one's friend. OTBeTHTb Ha Bonpoc. To answer a, question. OTBeTHTb na nncbmo. To answer a letter. OTBenaTb ypok. To say one's lesson. 2. H e M? na H T 6? to return. OT- BenaTb ApyjKSon Ha ApyJK^y. To return somebody's friendship. OTseTHTb y^apom Ha y^ap. To return blow for blow. 3. He My? no p. to meet, to satisfy 4)Ta "pa66ia. OTBeqaeT MOHM HH- This work TepecaM H jkejiahhhm. satisfies my interests and wishes a H T 6? no p. to be responsible. OTBenaTb aa pa6oty. To be responsible for the work. OTTJAlBATb, -K), -emb, -KT imp. ^ K o r 6? q T o? K o M y? H e M y? /p. OT^aTb, OTA3M, OT^anib, OTffaCT, OTji;aAHM, otflaji;hte, OTflaAyT, past OT^aJi, ot,o;ajia, ot^ajilo, -H 1. to return. OT,n;aTb KHHry B 6n- 6jiHOT6Ky. To return a book to the library. 2. fig. to devote. OTAasaTb see CH- JIH jik)6iimoh pa6ote. To devote all one's strength to the work one likes. OT^aTb >KH3Hb sa po^hhy. To give up one's life for one's country. OTJJATb see OTftABATb OT,0;EJIbH bitt, -an, -oe, -tie separate OTAeJibnan KBapTHpa. A separate flat. OTjjeJibHaH KOMHaxa. A separate room. OT/JOXHyTb see OTJJblXATb OT,HbIX m., no pi. rest IIpaBO Ha OTAWX. The right to rest. JleTHHH OTAHX. Summer holidays. <> A*M OTflbixa. A rest-home. OT#bIXA Tb, -K), -emb, -BOT imp. re?/p. OT^oxHlyTb, -y, -emb, -yt to rest

95 OTE 91 OTJI JleioM MM OTflMxaJm Ha 6epery Mopa (B canatophh, B ome OT^Mxa). In summer we rested at the seaside (in a sanatorium, in a resthome). II6cjie o6ea MH ot^tixaem. We have a rest after dinner. OT EEJ m., gen. -na father OTE4ECTBEHHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie home TosapH oxeiectbehhoro npoh3boa- CTBa. Home-made goods. ^ OxeiecTBeHHafl Boiina. A patriotic war. OTEHECTBO neut. fatherland OTKA3ATBCH see OTKA3bIBATbCH OTKA3bIBA TbCH,-K>Cb, -embch, -IOT- CH imp. OT KOTO? OT Hero? & _ _ inf. I p. OTKaaaibCH, otkajkvcb, OTKaJKCmbCH, OTKajKVTCH 1. to refuse. OH OTKaaajica BHHOJI- HHTb nphkas. He refused to carry out the order. 2. to refuse, to decline, to give up. OH otkasajich OT flener. He refused to take the money. OTKasaibCH OT CBOBX CJIOB. To go back on one's words. OT- KaaaTbCH OT nphrjiamehim. To decline an invitation. OTKaaaTb- CH OT CBOHX npab. To give up one's rights. OTKPOBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form OTHpOBenen, OTKpOBeHH a, -o, -bi; adv. OTKpOBeHHO frank OTKpOBeHHbin paarobop. A frank conversation. FoBOpiiTb HO. To speak frankly. OTKpOBen- OTKPblBAjTb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. HTO?//>. OTKpHTb, OTKp6 K), -efflb, -K)T 1. to open. OTKpMTb ABeb. To open a door. OTKpbiTb To open a suit-case. KHHTV. To open a book. TJiasa. To open one's eyes. 2. to open. OTKpwTb HOBBIH Mara- 3im, Hosyio ctojiobyto. To open a new shop, a new dining-hall. 3. to open. OTKpbiTb BHCTaBKy, cospahhe. To open an exhibition, a meeting. 4. to discover. OTKpbiTb MecTOpojKfleHHe, HOByio HJianeTy, HOBWH ajienteht. To discover a mineral deposit, a new planet, a new element. <> OxKpbiTb AwepaKy. To say something which everyone already knows. Cf. Queen Ann is dead. OTKPbIBA TbCH, 1st and 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -men imp. I p. OTKpbiTbca, 1st and 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. OTKpd etca, -IOTCH 1. to open. OTKpHJiocb OKHO. The window opened. 2. to open. GTOJioBaa OTKptiBaeTCH B 8 qacob. The dining-hall opens at 8 o'clock. OTKPb'ITHE neut. 1. no pi. inauguration, opening. OTKpMTHe HOBOrO HHCTHTyTa. The inauguration of a new institute. OTKpMTHe BMCTaBKH. The opening of an exhibition. 2. discovery. Hayinoe OTKpMTHe. A scientific discovery. OTKpM- THH B 66jiaCTH $li3hkh. DlSCOVeries in the field of physics. G^eJiaTb OTKpMTHe. To make a discovery. OTKPKIT KA /., gen. pi. -OK postcard HoHTOBaH OTKpMTKa. A postcard. IlocjiaTb OTKpbiTKy. To send a postcard. HoJiyqHTb OTKpbiTKy. To receive a postcard. HoaapaBiiTejibHaH OTKpMTKa. A postcard of congratulation. OTKPb'IT bltt, -an, -oe, -bie 1. open. OTKpMTaa MecTHOCTb. Open country. 2. fig. frank. OTKpMToe jran.6. A frank face. <0> OTKpbix*e Mope. The open sea. OTKpWT^e nncbmo. An open letter. Hojs. OTKpMTbiM ee5om. In the open air. OTKPKlTb see OTKPblBATb OTKPb'ITbCfl see OTKPblBATbCH OTKV'AA adv. where from OTKyffa BH npnexajih? Where did you come from? OTKy/ja BM BTO snaete? How do you know that? H sndio, OTKyna TM H^enib. / know where you are coming from. OTJIHHAITbCfl, -rocb, -embch, -IOTCH imp. qem? OT KOTO? OT nero? to be different Bam njian OTJinqaeTCH OT ^pynfx rjiy6hhoh. Your plan differs from the others by its profundity.

96 OTJI 92 OTH OTJlflMHO adv. 1. excellently, very well. BLI OT- JIHHHO 3TO SHaeie. You know it very well. 2. used as n. YHHTLCH na OTJIHH- HO. To get only excellent marks. IIoJiyqriTb OTJIHHHO no pyccko- My asbiky. To get an excellent mark in Russian. IIocTaBHTb ynehhky OTJitiqHO. To give a pupil an excellent mark OTMT KA /., gen. pi. -OK mark fl nojiyhijji xoponiyio OTMeTKy no pycckomy flsbmy. / got a good mark in Russian. OTHECTfi see OTHOCfiTb OTHECTflCb see OTHOCflTbCH OTHHMA Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. K o r 6? HTO? y KOTO? y H e- r 6?/p. OTHHTb, OTHHMy, OTHHMemb, OTHHMVT, past OTHHJI, othhji a, OT- HHJl 0, -H 1. to take away, y MaJibHHKa OT- HHJIH MH*I. They took the ball away from the boy. 2. to take. PaaroBop 6THHJI y MC- HH MHoro BpeMeHH. The conversation took away a lot of my time. 3. to subtract. OT ^CCHTH OTHHTb Tpn Gyjiex cemb. // 3 is subtracted from 10 the answer is 7. OTHOCflTb, OTHomy, OTnocnnib, OT- HOCHT imp. q T o? K y A a? K o - M y?//>. OTHec TH, -y, -emb, -yt, past OTHCC, oxnecjila, -6, -ii to take (to some place) H OTHCC KHiirn B 6n6JiHOTeKy. / took the books back to the library. Mu OTHCCJIH ^BeTbI npenoaabate- JIK). We took the flowers to the teacher. OTHOCflTbCH, OTHoniycb, OTHocnmb- Cfl, OTHOCHTCH imp. K a K? K K 0- My? K HCMy?/p. OTnec Twcb, -ycb, -embch, -ytch, past OTHCCCH, OTnecji acb, -ocb, -Jicb 1. to treat. Xopomo (HJIOXO) OTnocHTbCH K KOMy-JiH6o. To treat somebody well (badly). 2. no p. to concern. MOH cjiosa ne OTHOCHTCH K BaM. My words do not concern you. 3xo ne OTHOCHT- CH K flejiy. It's beside the point. OTHOfflEHHE neut. i. no pi. attitude. Xopomee OTHOmenHe K JHOAHM. A kind attitude to people. 2. no pi. relation. BTO He HMeex KO MHO OTHOme'HHfl. It has nothing to do with me. 3. only pi. relations. ^pyweckhe OTHomeHHH. Friendly relations. ^HnJIOMaTHHCCKHe OTHOmeHHH MeHfly CTpanaMH. Diplomatic relations between countries. VcTa- HOBHTb (paaopbatb) flhhjiomath- HecKHe OTHomeHHH. To establish (to break off) diplomatic relations. <> BblTI, C KeM-.IHOO B KaKHX-JIH- 60 OTHonieiniflx. To be on (some sort of) terms with somebody. OTHHTb see OTHHMATb OTOflTfi see OTXOAfiTb OTHPABHTb see OTHPABJlHTb OTDPABHTbCfl see OTHPABJlHTb- CH OTHPABJlHjTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? HTO? Ky,n a?//>. otnpa - BHTb, -BJIK), -BHmb, -BHT to Send Ma*i> OTnpaBJiaeT cbma B mkojiy. The mother sends her son to school. H oxnpabhji AOMOH HHCLMO (TCJIOrpaMMy, nocbijiky). / sent a letter (a wire, a parcel) home. OTHPABJlHjTbCfl, -rocb, -embcn, -IOTCH imp. K y#a? without an obj. & -f inf. I p. OTnpa BHTbCH, -BJirocb, -BHmbCH, -BHTCH 1. to go. IloCJie SaHHTHH Mbl OTnpaBHJiHCb ryjihtb. After the lessons we went for a walk. MH OTnpaBHJiHCb B napk. We went to the park. OTnpaBHTbCH B nyrb. To set out. 2. to leave. HoesA OTnpasjmeTCH qepea 10 MHHyT OT 5-ii njiat- $6pMbi. The train leaves in 10 minutes from platform OTHYCK 5. m. holidays JleTHHH otnyck. Summer holidays. MecHiHbiH otnyck. A month's holiday. HOHTH B oxnyck. To go on one's holidays. BepnyTbCH H3 6Tnycna. To return after one's holidays. BtiTb B otnycke (B OTnycny). To be on one's holidays. ITpOBOjuiTb OTnycK na K>re. To spend one's holidays in the South. OTnyCKA Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. K o r 6? H T o?/p. OTnycTHTb, OTnymy, OTnycTHmb, OTnycTHT 1. to let go. MaTb He oxnyckajia pese'hka OT ce6n. The mother

97 OXII 93 OO>H did not let her child go away from her. 2. to let go. OH oxnycxnji MOK> py- KV. He let go of my hand. OXIiyCXftXb see OXIiyCKAXb OTPAJKEHHE neut. 1. no pi. reflection. OxpajKenne CBexa. The reflection of light. 2. reflection. VfiHAexb CBOC oxpajkehhe B sepnajie, rjiaakoh nosepxhocxh BOAbi. To see one's reflection in a mirror, on the smooth surface of the water. 3. fig. no pi. reflection. Bee axo Hanuio oxpajkenne B ero Knare. All this was reflected in his book. 4. philos. no pi. reflection. Teopnn oxpajk6hhh. The theory of reflection. OTPE3ATB see PE3AXb, 2 OTPHfl m. detachment HnoHepCKHH oxpafl;. A Young Pioneer detachment. HapxnsaHCKHH oxpha. A guerrilla detachment. OXCXA BAXb, -K>, -emb, -K>X imp. ox K o r 6? ox q e r 6? or without an obj./p. oxcxa xb, -ny, -nernb, -nyx 1. to lag behind. OH rae'ji MeaJien- HO II CKOpO OXCXaJI OX XOBapHmen. He walked slowly and soon he fell behind his friends. 2. colloq. to miss. Ha OAHOH ocxa- HOBKe a oxcxaji ox noeaaa. At one stop I missed my train. 3. to fall behind. H MHOFO 6oJieJi H oxcxaji ox rpynnu. / was ill for a long time and I fell behind my group. Oxcxaxb ox JKHS- HH. To lag behind life. 4. to be slow. HacH oxcxarox na 10 Munyx. The watch (clock) is 10 minutes slow. OTCTAJI bifl, -aa, -oe, -ue backward OxcxaJiaa cxpana. A backward country. OxcxaJiwe BarJiHflw. Backward views. OTCTATb see OTCTABAlb OTCTynA Tb, -ro, -emb, -iox imp. /p. oxcxynnxb, oxcxynjik), oxcxynnmb, oxcxynax 1. to retreat. BoncKa oxcxynnjin. The troops have retreated.^ fig. He oxcxynaaxe nepefl xpynhoc- XHMH. Don't give in in the face of difficulties. 2. o x Hero? to deviate. Oxcxynaxb ox npashji, ox HOPMLI. To deviate from the rules, the norm. OTCTynflTb see OTCTynATb OTC^TCTBIOBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox to be absent imp. OxcyxcxBOBaxb na ypoke no 60- JI63HH, no ybajkhxejibhoh npbrhne. To be absent from the lesson owing to illness, for good reasons. OH oxcyxcxbobaji 3 Mecfln;a. He was absent for 3 months. ado. from here Oxcio^a BHflHa BCH MocKBa. One can see the whole of Moscow from here. Oxcro^a xopomo cjibiniho. You can hear well from here. He yxo^a oxcioaa. Don't go away from here. from there OTCIDAA OTT^AA B adv - sajie nrpaji opkecxp, oxxy^a cjibimajich CMCX, asykh necen. An orchestra was playing in the hall, from which came laughter and SOngS. Bbl 6HJIH B KHHO? J^a, Mbl HACM oxxy^a. "Have you been to the cinema?" 'Yes, we are coming from there." OXXOftftTb, oxxo>ky, oxxoflnmb, ox- XOA^T imp. ox KOTO? ox nero?/p. OXOHJXH, -Ay, -Aenib, -^yx, past oxome'ji, oxomjija, -6, -H 1. to go away. MH oxonuin ox MaraanHa na neckojibko marob. We went a few steps away from the shop. 2. to leave. Hoesa OXXOAHX B 6 na- COB. The train leaves at 6 o'clock. patronymic HasoBtixe same MMH, OXHCCXBO H OX^ECXBO neut. ( >amh:jihio. Give your name, patronymic and surname. OXT>E3,D( m., no pi. departure OxT>e3A HasHaneH na 6 i iacob. The departure is fixed for 6 o'clock. B ACHb oxi>e3aa. On the day of departure. OX^ESSKAlXb, -ro, -emb, -K>X imp./ p. oxi>exaxb, oxi>ea y, -emb, -yx to drive off Mamana ox-bexajia ox oma HCBepnyjia Ha mocce. The car drove away from the house and turned on to the highway. OXT>EXAXb see OXT)E35KAXb OCDHIJEP m. officer

98 0(1)11 94 IIAJI (XDHIJHAJIbHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. o< )Hn,HaJibHO 1. official. 0< >Hn;HaJibHoe aahbjie- HHG. An official statement. 0< )Hn,HajibHbiH BH3HX. An official visit. 0<j>Hn;HajibHoe JIHD,O. An official. 2. official, formal. 0<f>HnHajibHbiH H3UK. An official language. O(J)HnnaJibHoe nphrjiamehne. A formal invitation. FoBopsixb o< )Hn,HaJibHLiM TOHOM. To speak in an official manner. OXOTA /., no pi. hunting BbiTb Ha oxoxe. To hunt. VqacxBOsaxb B oxoxe. To take part in a hunt. HAXH Ha oxoxy. To go hunting. Oxoxa Ha BOJIKOB. Wolf-shooting. Oxoxa c coganamh. A chase. OXOTHHK m. hunter OXOTHO adv. readily, willingly fl OXOXHO corjianiaiocb c readily agree with you. OXPAHflfTb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp. K or 6? ixo? ox KOTO? ox H e- r 6? to guard Oxpanaxb s^anne. To guard a building. OxpaHHXb rpaminy. To guard the frontier. GHEHb adv. very; very much OieHb KpacHBbiH napk. A very beautiful park. fl onenb HJIOXO no- HHMaio no-pycckh. / understand Russian very badly. Ha Benep npnmjio o^enb MHOFO HapoAy- There were very many people at the evening-party. MHC oiehb Hpa- BHXCH xox $HjibM. / like this film very much. OMEPEAlb /., gen. pi. -en 1. queue. Cxonxb B ohepejju. To stand in a queue. Oiepeflb sa 6n- JiexaMH. A queue for tickets. 2. turn. <> CAejiaTb B nepeyio oiepeflb. To do in the first place. B CBOIO turn. o^epenb. In its OHflCTHTL see HfiCTHTb, 2 O T IK fl no sing., gen. -OB spectacles Hocnxb OHKH. To wear spectacles. HeJiOBeK B OHKax. A man in spectacles. Te'MHLie oqkh. Sun-glasses. fl DJIOXO BifjKy 6ea OHKOB. / see badly without spectacles. OfflHBA TbCH, -iocb, -embcn, -IOXCH imp. B K o M? B H e M? or without anobj./p. omnslhxbch, -ycb, -embcn, -yxch, past omwcch, omii6ji acb. -ocb, -neb to make a mistake CxyaeHX omh6cfl npn peniehhh sa- #a4h. The student made a mistake in solving the problem. KoHCXpyKxop omh6cfl B paciexax. Thedesigner made a mistake in his calculations. H onrasca B MOC'M xosaphm;e. / was disappointed in my friend, fl onrasajich, KorAa AyMaJi a xe6e njioxo. / was wrong when I thought badly of you. Fjiy6oK6 omn6axbcfl. To be greatly mistaken. OmHEfiTbCfl see OfflHBATbCfl OfflflB KA /., gen. pi. -OK mistake FpySan omn6ka. A gross mistake. CAeJiaxb omhsky. To make a mistake, rincaxb c onuiskamh. To make mistakes in writing. HcnpaBJiaxb. omh6kh. To correct mistakes. CACjiaxb qxo-hh6yab no omri6ke. To do something by mistake. IIpH3H^xb. Cfidfe omm6ky. To admit one's mistake. CosnaxbCH B CBOGH omn6ke. To confess one's mistake. n, n IlA/JA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. K y- R&/P. ynajcxb, -Ay, -Aemb, -Ayx, past ynaji, -a, -o, -H 1. to fall. OceHbro jihcxbh naaarox c AepeBbeB na SCMJIIO. In autumn leaves fall from the trees to the ground. 2. fig. to drop. K yxpy xemnepaxypa y 6ojn>Horo ynajia. By the morning the patient's temperature had dropped. IIAJIEIJ m., gen. najibn,a finger, toe ^jihhhbie najibn;bi. Long fingers. BoJibmoH najien;. The thumb, ynaaji^. The forefinger. ^ajib^em. To point with the finger. <> CMOTpeTb Ha qx6-jih6o CKBO.II* iia.iiiii.bi. To close one's eyes to something. 3naTb qjo-jihso KEK CBOH nfltb To have nauibi^eb. something at one's finger-tips. ILAJIjKA /., gen. pi. -OK stick OnapaxbCH Ha najiky. stick. JlHTKHbie najikh. Ski sticks. To lean on a 0> ^ejiaxb qto-jih6o ns-nojj, na:i- KH. To do something under the lash.

99 IIAJI 95 HAX HAJIbTG neut., indecl. overcoat najibxo. A winter overcoat. naflbxo. To put on an overcoat. CnnMaxb najibxo. To take off an overcoat. Fyjiflxb 6ea nam>- TO. To take a walk without an overcoat on. HAMflTHHK m. 1. K o M y? q e M y? monument. IlaMflTHHK HyniKHHy. A monument to Pushkin. 2. nero? monument. IlaMHTHHK apxhxekxypti. A monument of architecture. IIAMflTb /., no pi. 1. memory. V nee njioxan namhxb. She has a poor memory. 2. memory. IlaMHXb o xex AHHX HHKorAa He HCHesnex. The memories of those days will live for ever. <> HOflapHTb HTO-JIH6O KOMy-JIH- 60 na namfltb. To give something to somebody as a keepsake. IloJiy- *rr6-jiho"o OT Koro-JinSo na. To get something from somebody as a keepsake. YiHTb Ha namfltb. To learn by heart. IIAIIA m. daddy HAnHPOCA /. cigarette KpenKHe nannpdch. Strong cigarettes. Kypwxb nannpocy. To smoke a cigarette. HAP m., pi. -bi vapour BOAHHOH nap. Water vapour. Ilpn xemnepaxype 100 rpa^ycob IJejibCHH BOAa npebpamaexch B nap. At a temperature of 100 C. water turns into vapour. IIAPA /. 1. pair. Ilapa xy^enb. A pair of shoes. 2. couple. B sajie xanneba.no ne- CKOJibKO nap. Several couples were dancing in the hall. MOJIOflan napa. A young couple. IIAPA ^ m. parade BoeHHbiH napafl. A military parade. 0H3KyjibxypHLra napaa- A sports parade. Bbixb na To be on parade. IlAP EHb m., gen. -HH lad TH xopoinira napenbl OH. "You are a fine lad!" he said. HAPHKMAXEP m. barber, hairdresser Pa(56xaxb naphkmaxepom. To work as a barber (hairdresser). HAPHKMAXEPCK AH /., gen. -OH, pi. -ne My5KCKaa naphkmaxepckan. Barber's shop. TKeHCKan naphkmaxep- CKaa. Hairdressing saloon. HAPK m. park FopoffCKOH napk. A city park. FyjiHXb B napne. To take a walk in the park. XoAHXb no napny. To walk about in the park. IIAPOXOJJ m. steamship HaccajKHpCKHH napoxoa- A passenger steamer. Pennon napoxoa- A river steamer. HJiwxb (exaxb) na napoxoae. To sail on a ship. HAPTEP [-X9-] m. the stalls and the pit (in a theatre, etc.) Mecxo B napxepe. A place in the stalls. CHAexb B napxepe. To sit in the stalls. Kymixb 6nji6x B napxep. To buy a ticket for the stalls. IIAPTH3AH m., gen. pi. napxnaah guerrilla Bo BpeMH BOHHW MOB 6pax 6biJi napxnaanom. During the war my brother was a guerrilla. I1APTH3AHCK HH, -an, -oe, -He guerrilla IlapxHaaHCKoe flbhjkenhe. The guerrilla movement. IlapxHsaHCKHH oxpha- A guerrilla detachment. IIAPTMH blh, -an, -oe, -tie party IlapxjiHHoe co6pahne. A party meeting. IlapXHHHbiH 6njiex. A party membership card. IIAPTH/I /. party HJICH napxhh. A member of the party. Bcxynaxb B napxnio. To join the po.rty. nacmyphiblfl, -an, -oe, -ue dull, gloomy HacMypHbiH Aenb. A dull (gloomy) day. IIACCA5KflP m. passenger B Kyne SHJIO qexbipe naccawifpa. There were four passengers in the compartment. HATPHOT m. 1. patriot. Bopb6a naxpnoxob aa ocbosowaenhe CBOOH cxpanli. The struggle of the patriots for the liberation of their country. 2. enthusiast. An Haxpnox csoero Ae- _Jia. enthusiast for a cause. IIAXATb, namy, namemb, namyx imp. H x o? He M?//>. scnaxaxb,

100 HAX 96 HEP Bcnamy, Bcnamemb, Bcnamyx to plough Ilaxaxb aemjik). To plough the land. naxhlytb, -y, -emb, -yx, past nax, -jia, -JIG, -JIH imp. H e M? to smell /Jyxii nphhtho na~xhyx. The perfume smells pleasant. \ impers. Ha jiyry npnaxno mixnex CGHOM. There is a pleasant smell of hay in the meadow. IIAHIKA /., gen. pi. -CK packet caxapa. A packet of sugar. nannpoc. A packet of cigarettes. HEHCHfl /. pension IleHCHH no cxa"pocxh. An old-age pension, nojiynaxb nencnio. To get a pension. BMHTH Ha nenchk). To retire on a pension. Bbixb Ha nen- CHH. To be on pension. IlElIEJlbHHIJA /. ash-tray HEPEBECTfl see HEPEBOflftTb nepebofl m. 1. translation. TOHHHH nepeboa- An exact translation. G^eJiaTb nepeboa- To make a translation. 2. transfer. IlepeBOA Jtener no noixe. A postal order. IIEPEBO/JftTb, nepebohty, nepeso- AHmb, nepeboflht imp. qxo?/ p. nepebe cxri, -Ay, -flemb, -Ayx, past nepebe'ji, nepeb6ji a, -6, -H 1. to take. llepebecxa pe6e*hka nepea yjran;y. To take a child across the street. 2. to transfer. IlepeBecxH Aenbrn no T6Jierp^( )y. To send money by telegraph. 3. to translate. nepesecth KHnry c (f>pann;y3ckoro nabika na pyc- CKHH. To translate a book from French into Russian. nepebo/jhhk m. translator, interpreter IlepeBOA^HK An c anrjiiihckoro H3HKa. English translator (interpreter). VcxHtiH nepeboa^hk. An interpreter. PaSoxaxb nepeboa^hkom. To work as a translator (interpreter). IIEPEBb'inOJIHHTb see DEPEBbl- HEPEBbinOJlHUlTb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. qxo/p. nepebwnojih nxb, -ro, -nrnb, -HX to overfulfil njian. To overfulfil a plan. IlepeBunojiHHXb nopmy. To overfulfil the quota. IJEPEmATb see IIEPErOHflTb nepefobopbl no sing, o HOM? talks, negotiations neperobopti o Mape. Peace talks. neperobopti Meat^y cxpanamh. Negotiations between countries. Bec- TH neperofidpti c K6M-Jik6o o HBM- JiH6o. To conduct negotiations with somebody about something. Ilepero- Bopbi cocxohjincb B MOCKED. The negotiations took place in Moscow. HEPErOHH Tb, -H), -emb, -rox imp. Kor6? HXO? B^e M?//>. nepernaxb, neperonro, neperdhhrab, neperohhx, past nepernaji, -rnajia, -rh^ji o, -H to overtake 3xox cnopxcm^n nepernan scex BO BpeMH copebhobanhh. This sportsman overtook everyone in the competition. HEPEj prep, -f instr. 1. in front of. HepeA OKHOM. In front of the window. 2. before. IlepeA ypokom. Before the lesson. 3.: Mne CXHAHO nepea BaMH. / feel guilty towards you. HEPE^AIBATb, -16, -enib, -rox imp. ^ x o? K o M y?/p. nepeaaxb, nepe- AaM, nepeaamb, nepeaacx, nepeaa- AHM, nepeabahxe, nepeaaayx, past nepeaaji, -a, nepeaaji o, -H 1. to give. HepeAaxb nncbmo Apyry. To give a letter to a friend. 2. to tell. IlepeAaHxe npnsex poa- HbiM. Give my regards to your relatives. HepeAaa einy, qxo H CKOpo nphay. Tell him that I'll come soon. 3. to broadcast. ITepeAaBaxb KOHn;epx no paaho. To broadcast a concert. HepeAHBaxb nocjieanne H3BecxHH. To broadcast the news. IIEPEflATb see HEPEflABATb HEPE^AHA /. broadcast HepeAfl^a no paaho. Radio broadcast. Cjiymaxb nepeaany. To listen to a ^broadcast. IIEPEJJOB 6fl, -an, -6e, -we 1. foremost. IlepeAOBOH A foremost worker. 2. advanced. IlepeAOBaH xexhhka Advanced technique.

101 HEP 97 HEC IIEPEE3>KA Tb, -io, -emb, -IOT imp./p. nepeexaxb, nepee,n y, -emb, yr 1. ne p e 3 HTO? or qxo? to cross. Hepeexaxb (Hepea) rpanhny. To cross the border. Hepeexaxb (qepea) peny. To cross the river. 2. o x K y A a? K y A a? to move. Hepeexaxb na HOBVIO KBapxj'rpy. To move to a new place (of residence). Ilepeexaxb H3 MOCKBH JleHHHrpaA. To move from Moscow to Leningrad. Ilepeea- TKaxb c Mecxa na Mecxo. To keep moving from one place to another. IIEPEEXATb see HEPEE35KATb HEPEttTfl see HEPEXOHflTb HEPEMEHA /. 1. change. HepeMeea KJiHMaxa. A change of climate. 2. change. B ero JKHSHH nponsonijih Sojibnrae nepemenbi. Great changes took place in his life. IIEPEHECTfl see IIEPEHOCftTb HEPEHOCflTb, nepenoiny, nepeno- CHmb, nepenocht imp. KOTO? q T o?/p. nepenec xh, -y, -emb, -yx, past nepenec, nepenecji a, -6, -H 1. to carry. nepenecth pe6enka lepea ^opory. To carry the child across the road. nepenectii Bemn H3 OAHOH KOMHaxH B ^pyryio. To carry the things from one room to another. 2. to endure. nepenectii THJKe'jiyio 6oJie3Hb. To suffer a serious illness. 3. to put off. nepenecth cospanne ua ^pyroe BpeMfl. To put off a meeting to another time. HEPEnHCATb see IIEPEIIflCblBATb nepehflcblbaitb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. H T o? I p. nepenncaxb, nepenainy, nepenhmemb, nepennmyx to copy HepenncaTb xekct. To copy a text. HEPEPIilB m. -\ 1. interval, break. HepeptiB B pa- 6oTe. A break in work. IlocJie xpexjiethero nepepbisa ona CHO- Ba nomjia pasoxaxb. After a three years' interval she went to work again. 2. interval. IlepepMB Me>K,ny JICK- An interval between lectures. CfleJiaxb nepephb. To have a break. <> OGeAeiinbiii nepepue. A break for lunch. The dinner hour. IIEPECAmKA /., gen. pi. -OK change G^ejiaxb nepecaaky. To change. Exaxb c nepecaftkamh, 6es nepecaji;- KH. To have to change (trains, etc.), not to have to change (trains, etc.). IIEPECTAIBATb, -ro, -einb, -rox imp. + inf. I p. nepecxa Tb, -ny, -nemb, -nyx to cease, to stop ftojkjjb nepecxaji. The rain has stopped. PeSeHOK nepecxaji njia- Kaxb. The child stopped crying. Ilepecxanbxe paarofiaphbaxbl Stop talking! HEPECTATb see HEPECTABATb HEPE?J1 OK m., gen. -Ka lane, street nepeyjiok. A narrow street, m. passage, crossing nepexo^. An underground passage. ITepexofl ne pea yjihn;y. A street crossing. PEXOftflTb, nepexohty, nepexo- AHmb, nepexo^hx imp./p. nepen xh, -^y, -Jje'nib, -,nyx, past nepemeji, nepemjija, -6, -H 1. qepea HXO? or HXO? to cross. nepexo^hxb nepea yjinn;y. To cross the street, riepexo^iixb To cross the border. qepea MOCX. To cross a bridge. 2. to change, nepetxii na flpyryto pa66xy. To change one's fob. 3. to pass. Bjiacxb nepenijia Bpynn Hapo.ua. The power passed into the hands of the people. IIEP ED[ m., gen. -n;a pepper HepHHH nepen;. Black pepper. Kpac- HHH nepen;. Cayenne pepper. FopbKHH nepen;. Hot pepper. Maco c nepnem. Meat with pepper. HEPO neut., pi. nepbfl 1. feather. Ilepo nxnn;bi. A bird's feather. 2. nib. Sojioxoe nepo. A gold nib. HEPHATIKH pi., gen. pi. -OK; sing. nepqatka /. gloves KojKaHBie nepnaxkh. Leather gloves. Jlexniie nepqaikh. Summer gloves. Ha^exb nep^axkh. To put on one's gloves. IIEC HH /., gen. pi. -en o KOM? o H e M? song

102 HEC HJIA HapOAHan nechh. A folk song, IleTb nechk) o JiK)6BH. To sing a love song. HEC OK m., gen. -Ka sand MopCKOH necok. Sea bottom sand. MeJiKHH necok. Fine sand. JlejKaib na necke. To lie on the sand. <> (.axapiibiii necok. Granulated sugar. IIETb, no K>, -emb, -IOT imp. q T o? o K 6 M? H e M? ROM y?/p. CDGTb, CHO K>, -enib, -K>T to sing IleTb nechk) flpyabhm. To sing a song to one's friends. IleTb c qyb- CTBOM. To sing with feeling. Ileib xopom. To sing in chorus. IIEHAJIbHIblfl, -an, -oe, -ue sad, melancholy HeqaJibHaH Myabraa. Sad music. He^aJibHoe HacTpoenne. A melancholy mood. Ile^aJibHLie rjiaaa. Sad eyes. IIEHATA Tb, -ro, -emb, -KXT imp. H T o? / p. HaneiaTalTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT 1. to publish, to print. Hane^ia- TaTb ctatbro B jkyphajie. To publish an article in a magazine. 2. to type. HeqaTaTb Ha ManniHKe. To type on a typewriter. IIEHATb /. 1. lit. & fig. seal, stamp. 2. press. IIEHEHbE neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits CJiaAKoe nenenbe. Sweet pastry. Han c nenehbem. Tea and biscuits. Ileqenbe K ^aro. Tea biscuits. on foot HATH nenmom. To go on foot. neeqkom adv. f HHAHflHO neut., indecl. upright piano MrpaTb Ha nhahhho. To play the piano. IlflBO neut., no pi. beer XojidflHoe HHBO. Cold beer. IlHTb HHBO. To drink beer. sa. A mug of beer. KpyjKKa nif- IIHftJKAK m., gen. -a jacket JIe*THHH nh^tkak. A summer jacket. HocHTb HHfljKaK. To wear a jacket. pyjamas I1H5KAMA /. Tenjian nnjkama. Warm pyjamas. CnaTb B nnjkame. To sleep in one's pyjamas. HHOHEP m. 1. a Young Pioneer. MOH 6paT nnohep. My brother is a Young Pioneer. 2. pioneer. IlHOHepbi KocMOca. The pioneers of Space. nhp03kh OE neut., gen. -oro fancy cake rieco^hoe nnpojkhoe. A shortcake. IlHpoJKHoe c KpeMOM. A cream cake. Han c nnpo>khbim. Tea and cakes. KynHTb H^CKOJIbKO nhpojkhhx. To buy some cakes. IHIPOaqCK m., gen. -Ka small pie imcatejlb m. writer IlHCATb, nnmy, niimemb, nnuiyt imp. H T o? K o M y? o K 6 M? o H e M?//). HanncaTb, Hannmy, HanHmemb, HannmyT to write a) OH nshnet nncbmo POAHTCJIHM. *He is writing a letter to his parents. b) IlHcaTb CTHXH. To write poetry. HanncaTb KHiiry o H;HSHH yqe- HBIX. To write a book on the life of scientists. OH HanncaJi o TOM, HTO BHfleJi BO BPCMH nytemect- BHH. He wrote about what he saw on his journey. IIHCbMO neut., pi. nricbma, gen. pi. HHCGM KOMy? letter IIoAp66Hoe nncbmo. detailed letter. 3aKa3Hoe HHCLMO. A registered letter. HocbiJiaTb HHCbMO. To send a letter. IIoJiyHHTb nucbmo. To receive a letter. IlncbMo Apyry. A letter to one's friend. IIHTb, nb ro, -emb, -IOT, past HHJI, nn- Jia, HHJI O, -H imp. H T o? / p. BbinHTb, Bwnb io, -emb, -IOT, past Bbi- HHJI, -a, -o, -H to drink IlHTb BOAy- To drink water. BbinHTb. lamny Ko$e.* To have a cup of coffee. E[JIABA Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. r^e? Ky^a? to swim, to sail H JiK)6jiK) HJiasaTb. / like to swim. KajKAtiH flehb OH n jiabaji na OCT- POB. Every day he swam to the island. IIoqTH TOA OH njiasaji MaTpo- COM Ha 6oJibmoM napoxoae. For almost a year he sailed on a largeship as a deckhand. njia KATb, -qy, -qemb, -qyt imp./ p. aanjia KaTb, -ny, -nemb, -qyt (p. verb shows beginning of action) to cry FopbKO HJiaKaTb. To cry bitterly. IIJiaKaTb OT 66JIH. To cry with pain. HJIAH m. plan pa6otbi. A plan of work. ILiiaa

103 no paabhxhfl HapOAHOrO X03HHCTBa. A plan of national economic development. BLinoJiHHTb njian. To fulfil a plan.9 IlepeBbinojiHHTb njian Ha 50% (nponenxob). To overfulfil the plan by 60%. DJIAHETA /. planet ^ajienan njianexa. A distant planet. njiahfip OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox imp. H T o? to plan HjiaHiipOBaxb pa66xy. To plan one's work. njiam'jpobaxb CBOG spemh. To plan one's time. HJIACTfiHlKA /., gen. pi. -OK record HocxaBbxe HOByio njiacthhky! Put a new record on! TpaMnJiacTHEKH. Gramophone njiactmacca records. /. plastics HaACJiHH H3 njiacxmaccti. Plastic articles. HJIATA /. payment 3apa6oTHafl njiaxa. A salary, a wage njiaxa aa BXOA- Admission fee. njiaxa aa npoeaa- Fare. IIJIATflTb, njiaiy, njiaxnnib, njiaxax imp. HTO? a a H x 6? aa KOTO? H e M?//>. aanjiaxaxb, aanjiany, aanjiaxhnib, aamiaxhx 1. to pay. njiaxhxb (Aenbrn) aa no- KynKy. To pay (money) for a purchase. SanjiaiHTb aa TOBapHm;a. To pay for one's friend. 2. fig. to return. IIjiaTHTb JiroGoBbio aa aa6oty. To return love for solicitude. HJIATIOK m., gen. -Ka 1. scarf. flpkhh njiaxok. A bright scarf. 2.: HOCOBOH njiaxok. A handkerchief. HJIATOOPMA /. truck, platform TKejieanojjopoJKHaH njiat( )6pMa. A railway truck. Hfaaxb na njiai( )6p- Me. To be waiting on the platform. IIJlATBE neut, gen. pi njiaibes 1. dress. ffle'jikoboe njiaxbe. A silk dress. Ha nen SMJIO o^enb Kpa- CHBoe njiaibe. She had a beautiful dress on. 2. no pi. clothes. Maraaim BepxHero njiaxbfl. A clothes shop. m - - 8en ~fl raincoat HenpOMOKaeMbia nnam. A waterproof coat. IIJIEMflHHHK m. nephew IIJIEMtfHHHIJA /. niece HJ1EH KA /., gen. pi. -OK film IIpoflBMTb njiehky. To develop a film. IIJIE^IO neut., pi. njienn shoulder HlnpoKHe HJICHH. Broad shoulders. IIojiojKHTb pyky KOMy-jiaSo na njie- TO. To put one' s hand on somebody' s shoulder. <> Einy 3xo ne no njie^ry. This is beyond his capacity (power, etc.) Pa- 6oTaxb njienom K njieny c Kein-JiH6o. To work hand-in-hand with somebody. njiotflha /. dam IIJlOX Ofl, -an, -6e, -lie. short form HJIOX, njioxa, HJIOXO, DJIOXH; adv. HJIOXO; comp. xywe (q.v.) bad IIJioxaH noroaa. Bad weather. IlJioxoe HacxpoeHHe. A bad mood. Ero 3,eJia HJIOXH. He is in a bad way. EMy HJIOXO. He feels bad. HJIOXO pagotaib. To work badly. njionjamka /., gen. pi. -OK ground, pitch CnopTHBHan njioma^ka. A sports ground. njioma,hlb /, gen. pi. -en 1. square. LJenxpa'jibHaH njioma^b. A central square. (DoHTan na njiom;aah. A fountain in a square. 2. area. ILjiomaflb xpeyrojibhhka. The area of a triangle. HJIblJTb, -By, -Benib, -Byx imp. Ky- A a? na H e M? to swim, to sail CnopxcMen njibisex K 6epery. The sportsman is swimming towards the shore. JIoflKa njibisex no peke. The boat is sailing on the river, ^e- XH njihbyx na JIOAKC. The children are sailing in a boat. IIJIH2K m. beach HJIHJK. A sandy beach. (aaropaxb) Ha njiajne. To lie (to sunbathe) on the beach. HO prep. I. + dat. 1. along. HAXH no Aopore. To go along the road. XoAKXb no KO*Mnaxe. To walk about in the room. 2. on, according to. Hpnexaxb no npnrjiamehhh). To come on somebody's invitation. QueJiaxb no cosexy Koro-JiH6o. To do something on somebody's advice. Pa66xaxb no njiany. To work according to plan.

104 HOE 100 nor 3. over. robopnxb no TeJie^ony. To speak over the telephone. nepe,n;aqa no paaho. A radio broadcast. 4.: TexpaAb no <$H3HKe. A physics copy-book. HeMnnon no mmhacxh- KC. A gymnastics champion. 5. in - n. in pi. SaHHMaxbCH no BeqepaM. To study in the evenings. 6. on. Hoexaxb no ^ejiam. To go on business. II. -}- ace. i. to. C naxoro no BocbMoe HHCJIO. From the fifth to the eighth (included). nobefta /. naa KBM? na IBM? victory ndjinah no6eaa. A complete victory. OflepmaTb no6e"ay naa sparom. To win a victory over the enemy. Bepnyxbcfl c noseaoh. To return victorious. noeeahtb see noeejkflatb noeesk.h.aitb, -10, -erab, -IOT imp. K o r 6? q T o? / p. no6ea HXb, 1st pers. sing, not used, -limb, -ax to win, to conquer, to defeat, to overcome HoSeAHXb spara. To defeat the enemy. no6eahtb B BOHHC. To win a victory in a war. HoSejKAaTb cxpax. To conquer fear. nose^htb SoJieaHb. To overcome an illness. noejiaroaapfltb see EJIAFO^A- PflTb noejie^hetb see EJIE^HETL noepfltech see EPflTbCH no-bamemy 1. ado. as you want. Mbi c^ejiajih no-bamemy. We did as you wanted us to. 2. par en. word in your opinion. no-bamemy, axo npashjibno? Do you think it is right? behaviour CnpOMHoe nobe/jenne. Modest behaviour. GxpaHHoe nobeaeene. Strange behaviour. HOBE^EHHE neut. nobephtb see BEPHTb nobeph^tbch see HOBOPAHH- BATbCfl nobepxhoctb /. surface Ha nobepxnocth aemjin. On the earth's surface. /jbhjkchhe no no- BepXHOCTH. Movement along a surface. nobechtb see BfilHATb nobopahhba TbCH, -rocb, -embca, -IOTCH imp. Kyfla?/j9. nobepn ytb- CH, -ycb, -erabch, -yxcn to turn HoBopaqHEaTbCfl na cnhhy. To turn on to one's back. nobepnyibcn CHHHOH K OKHy. To turn one's back to the window. nobepnytbch najiebo. To turn to the left. HOBTOPEHHE neut. review, recapitulation nobtopenne Maxepnajia. Recapitulation of the material. <> lioutopeiibe MaTb \ 'lenbn (proverb). Repetition is the mother of learning. HOBTOPflTb see HOBTOPflTb nobt6pfltbch see nobtophtbcfl nobtoph Tb, -K), -emb, -JOT imp. n T O?//). nobtop HTb, -K), -HDlb, -flt 1. to repeat. nobiophte, nojkajiyn- CTa. Repeat that, please. 2. to review. HoBTopHTb yp6k. To review one's lesson. IIOBTOPH TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -rox- CH imp. /p. nobtopjhtbch, -K)Cb, -HfflbCfl, -HTCH 1. to recur. 3xo CJIOBO nacxo no- BxopaexcH B xencxe. This word often recurs in the text. 2. to repeat oneself. /^OKJiaA^HK qacxo nobxopajica. The speaker often repeated himself. TACflTb nofacfltb see nofhealtb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. ox qer 6?//>. norn6h yxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past norns, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH to perish nornsnyxb ox nyjin. To perish from a bullet. norflehytb see HOrHBATb norjla^htb see TJIA^HTb nofjihafitb see rjihfletb norobop fltb, -to, -Hmb, -HT p. o K 6 M? o i e M? c K e M? to talk norobopnxb o noroae. To talk about the weather. Mne HaAO norobopnxb c samh. / must speak to you. /., no pi. weather CCFOAHH noroa^? What is the weather like today? Bee Jiexo cxofljia njioxan noroas- The whole summer the weather was bad. noryjihtb see

105 101 I. 4- instr. prep. 4- ace. 1. under. OH CH^eJi HOA.fiTe was sitting under a tree. 2. fig. under. Pa66xaxb HOA pyko- BOACXBOM... To work under... EojibHOH 6biJi noa HaSJirofleHHeM Bpana. The patient was under medical observation. 3. near. JKnxb HOA MOCKBOH. To live near Moscow. 4. in. HATH noa AQJKA6M. To walk in the rain. II. 4- ace. 1. under. OH ceji noa AepeBO. He sat down under a tree. 2. to. TanneBaxb noa MyawKy. To dance to music. no^albatb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. H x o? ROM y?/p. noaaxb, noaamb, noaacx, noaaahm AHxe, noaaayx, past noaaji, noaa;ri o, -H 1. to help on. IIoAaBaxb najibxo AeBynrae. To help the girl on with her coat. 2. to serve. HoAaBaxb nan na CXQJI. To serve tea. 3. to extend. IToAasaxb pyny. To extend one's hand. <> PyKou noaaxb! A stone's throw Strom). APHTb see AAPflTb no^aplok m., gen. -Ka present ^oporon noaapok. An expensive present. CAeJiaxb noaapok Apyry. To give a present to one's friend. nojiymxb noaapok ox APyra. To receive a present from one's friend. no,uatb see HOftABATb HO^BHr m. feat TpyAOBofi noabhr. A feat of labour. CoBepmnxb noabhr. To accomlish a feat. HIblM, -aa, -oe, -bie underwater HoABOAHbiH MHp. The underwater world. HoABOAHan oxoxa. Underwater hunting. HoABOAHaH JioAKa. A submarine. see TOTOBHTb, 2 & He no MaxeMaxHKe. is well grounded in mathematics. see /. K H e M y? 1. preparation. HoAroxoBKa K 3KaaMenaM. Preparation for examinations. 2. grounding. V nero xopoman no^aep^h- BATb ^EPaCHBAITb, -ro, -emi,, -rox KOTO? HXO? HCM? B He M?/ imp. p. noaaepjkaxb, noaaepaty, noaaep- 1. to support. HoAAepJKaxb COBCXOM B xpyanyio MHHyxy. To help a friend with one's advice at a difficult time. 2. to second. IIOAAepJKaxb npeajiojkehhe na cospanhh. To second a move at a meeting. noahcaphtb see 5KAPHTb HOJliMECTfl see HOAMETATb IIO^META Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. q x o? q e M?//?. noame cxit, -xy, -xemb, -xyx, past HOAMCJI, noameji a, -6, -H to sweep HoAMexaxb noji. To sweep the floor. nojjhhmaitb, -K), -erab, -rox imp. K o r 6? ^ x o?//>. noahhxb, UOAHH- My, noahhmemb, noahhmyx, past noahflji, noahhjia, noahhji o, -H 1. to pick up, to lift. IIoAHHXb xexpaa*> c nojia.to pick up a copy-book from the floor. HoAHaxb pe6e'hka. To lift a child. HoAHHXb pyny. To raise one's hand. IIOAHaxb sopoxhhk. To raise one's collar. 2. to rouse. HoAHflxb c nocxejin. To rouse. <> IIoAHHTfa rayw, KPHK. To make a noise, to start shouting. no#hhma TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -rox- CH imp. I p. HOAHHXbCH, HOAHHMyCb, noahhmerabca, noahhmyxcn, past noahh jica (& noahhjica), -Jiacb, -JlOCb, -JIHCb 1. to get up. IIoAHHMaxbCH yxpom c nocxejin. To get up in the morning. 2. to ascend. IIoAHHMaxbCH na ropy. To ascend a mountain. I!OA- HHMaxbCH no JiecxHHn;e. To go up the stairs. 3. to rise. IIoAHHMaxbCH na 6opb- 6y c BparoM. To rise to the struggle against the enemy. 4. fig. to go up. IJeHM Ha npoayk- XLI noahhjiifcb. The prices of food-stuffs have gone up. 5. fig. to begin. IIoAHflJicH mym. A noise began. HOAHHJICH CHJibHHH sexep. A strong wind has risen.

106 nojj 102 IIOJK m. tray see DOAHHMATb see -y, -emb, -yx, past ji o, -H p. KOTO? Hxo?orqero? to wait HoAOJKAeM erne nemhoro! Let's wait a bit longer! HOflOflTfl see noaxojjfltb no^hhcatb see noflllhcblbatb noflnflcbiba Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. H T o? / p. noahhcaxb, noanmny, noamimemb, noahiimyx to sign HoAHHcaxb AOKyM^Hx. To sign a document. EoAnncaxb AoroBop. To. sign a treaty. HoAHHcaxb corjiame- HHG. To sign an agreement. IIOAP6EH blfl, -an, -oe, -Lie; adv. noap66no detailed rioap66hoe nncbmo. A detailed letter. OH noaposno paccnaaaji o csoea noesake. He described his trip in detail. /. (female) friend HOApyra. A school friend. AeTCXBa. One's playmate. bch, noflpywycb, no- K e M? CH, noapymaxca p. c to become friends C HOBHMH XOBapH- To make new friends. EMCXpo noapy>khxbch. To become friends quickly..htbep.hfttb See nojjtbep- -ro, ^TBEPHCJliAITb, -emb, -iox imp. q x o?/p. noaxbepjahtb, -?Ky, -flhmb, -AHX to confirm OH HOAXBepAHJi, ^TO nphaex aasxpa. He confirmed that he would come the next day. see JJYMATb /., gen. pi. -en pillow, cushion noflxo,fl[fltb, noaxohcy, noaxoahmb, HOAXOAHX imp. K K o M y? K H e- My?/p. noaoh xe, -Ay, -Aemb, -AyT, past noromeji, noaomji a, -6, -H 1. to approach. HoAXOAHTb K OKny. To approach the window. 2. KOMy? to fit. 3xn T^JIH MHC HOAXOAHT. These shoes fit me. noflhepkhbaitb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. q x o?/p. HOA^epKHlyxb, -y, -5mb, -yx 1. to underline. EoAHepKnyxb CJIQsa KapaHAamoM. To underline words in 2. fig. to pencil. emphasise. B AQKJiaAe H noahepkhyji 3HaneHHe axoro H3o6pexeHHfl. In my report I emphasised the importance of this invention. HOflHEPKHYTb BATb see -H), -emb, -rox imp. K KOMy? K qemy? / p. noa'be'- xaxb, noa-beajy, -emb, -yx to approach, to drive up to IlOA'beaHtaxb K ropoay- To approach the town. AsxoSyc noa'bexaji K ocxanobke. The bus drove up to. the stop. KM m. 1. ascent. HoA'beM B ropy SHJI xpy- A6H. Climbing the mountain was difficult. 2. enthusiasm. ApxHCXH nrpajin c SoJibmHM noa^emom. The actors performed with great enthusiasm. noat>exatb see nofltjeshcalb ttoesr m., pi. -a train CKOPHH noe3a- A fast train. Exaxb Ha noeaae. To go by train. Ilepececxb na ndeaa- To change for a train. noe3,h KA /., gen. pi. -OK trip, tour HHxepecHan noeaaka. An interesting trip. IIoe3AKa no cxpane. A tour of' the country. IIOECTb, noem, noemb, noecx, noeaiim, noeahxe, noeahx, past noeji, -a, -o, -H to eat IIoHAeM noeahm! Let's go and get something to eat! IIOEXATb, nocaly, -emb, -yx p. K y- Afi? na qe*m? to go, to drive IToexaxb na akckypcnio. To go on an excursion. AsxoSyc ocxanobhjich OKOJIO AOMa, a HOXOM noexan AaJ">me. The bus stopped near the house and then drove on. JlexoM MH no- CACM na ror. In summer we shall go to the south. <> Iloexajm na Mexpo! (colloq.) Let's go by the underground/ HOaCAJIETb see JKAJIETb HOHCAjIOBATbCfl see JK^JIOBATb- CH HOJKAJiyflCTA particle please HaBHHHxe, nojkajiyncxa. Excuse me please, ^anxe MHC, nowajiyncxa, KHiiry. Will you give me the book,

107 H05K 103 nok please? CKajKirre, nowajiyncta, r/je MCTpo? Could you tell me where the underground station is, please? Cnaca6o. IIo>KaJiyHCTa. "Thank you." "Don't mention it." n02katb see II05KHMATb & HCATb II05KEJIAHHE neut. wish HoBoroAHHe nojkejiamifl. New- Year's wishes. IIO5KEJlATb see 5KEJIATb n05khji Ofl, -an, -6e, -He elderly IIO5KHMA Tb, -io, -crab, -IOT f imp. H T o? / p. nojk&tb, nojkm y, -emb, -yx to press 1.: OHH KpenKO nojkajin jjpyr npyry. pykh. They shook hands heartily. 2.: HojKHMaTb HJieiaMH. To shrug one's shoulders. nosabothtbcfl see 3ABOTHTbCH no3abfl#obatb see SABflflOBATb HOSABTPAKATb see SABTPAKATb HO3ABHEPA adv. the day before yesterday STO cjiyqajiocb noaabnepa. It happened the day before yesterday. IIO3BATb see 3BATb nosbohfltb see SBOHflTb, -HH, -ee, -He late senep. A late evening. n;betli. Late flowers, adv., comp. noajke & nos^nee late 1. late. IldaflHO nonbio. Late at night. IIoaflHO Jie^b cnaxb. To go to bed late. OH npnmeji nos- JKe sac. He came later than you. PeSeeoK noa^ho naqaji robopntb. The child began to speak late. 2. predic. impers. (it is) late. Cennac noszjho. It's late now. IloaflHO robopnib 06 3TOM. It's too late to speak about that. <> Jlyqrae noa^ho, HGM ehkor^a. Better late than never. Pano HJIH 1163A no. Sooner or later. ri03,0;op6batbch see CH S^OPOBATbnOS^PABHTb see no3jo(pabjlhtb n03^pabjlh Tb, -to, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? HTO? c HCM?//>. no3^pa - BHTb, -BJIK), -BHOIb, -BHT to COHgratulate IIosapaBHTb jjpyaea c npas^hhkom. To congratulate friends on a festive occasion. HosApaBHTb c ^HCM po?k-. To congratulate somebody on his birthday. IToa/jpaBJiflK} c HOBHM TOAOM! / wish you a Happy New Year/ II03HAKOMHTbCfl see 3HAKO- MHTbCH HOBMATb see JIOBflTb IIOS Tfl,-y, -jjenib, -yt, past nome'ji, nonuija, -6, -H p. K y a? - - inf. to go nohth B Teaxp, Ha KOHijepT. To go to the theatre, to a concert. Mu nofiflem ceroahfl senepom B TOOTH. Tonight we shall go visiting. OH Me^JieHHO nome'ji K ABepn. He slowly went towards the door. IIoHfle'M ryjihtb! Let's go for a walk! <0>IIomJiH B KHIIO! (colloq.) Let's go to the cinema! HOKA 1. adv. yet. OH nona He He doesn't go to school yet. 2. conj. while. ' Ilona MLI JiHCb, nomeji,a;ojkai>- While we were studying it began raining. IIoKa rae'ji Romffb, MH CHAOJIH ZjoMa. We stayed at home as long as it rained. HoKa He Kofl^y nncbmo, He nonjjy ryjihtb. / won't go out before I have finished the letter. HOKASATb see HOKA3bIBATb noka3atbch see KA3ATbCH & HOKASblBATbCH noka3biba Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. K o M y? H e M y? KOTO? H T o? or Ha KOTO? ii a HT 6?//>. nokasatb, nokajky, nokaacemb, nokawyt 1. to show. IIoKasaTb Apyry $OTOrpa( )HK). To show one's friend a photograph. 2. to point (at, to). HoKasLiBaTb pykoh na 66JiaKO. To point at a cloud with one's hand. noka3biba TbCH, -rocb, -embca, -IOTCH imp. /p. nokasatbch, nokajkycb, nokahcembch, show HOKaJKyTca to Hs-sa Tyq nokaaajiocb cojinqe. The sun showed from behind the clouds. Jlyna TO nokasbibajiacb, TO HCHesa- Jia aa osjianamh. The moon was now visible, now hidden behind the clouds. IIOKOJlEHHE neut. generation MoJio^oe HOKOJieHHe. The young generation. nokojienne OTn;6B. The older generation.

108 IIOK 104 noji IIOKPACHETb see KPACHfiTb IIOKynA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. K o- r 6? H x o? K o M y?/jo. Kyniixb, Kyn- Jiro, Kynmnb, Kynnx to buy IIoKynaxb xjie6 B MarasHne. To buy bread in a shop. Kynii MHO ceroji;- HHmnioK) raaexy! Buy me today's paper/ nokypfitb see KYPflTb nok^matb see K^IHATb ITOJI m., prepos. na -y; pi. -H floor HHCXLIH HOJI. A clean floor. HoflMexaxb noji. To sweep the floor, flexh HrpdJiH Ha nojiy. The children were playing on the floor. noji E neut., pi. -A field. 1. field. niapokoe nojie. A large field. PacTH na nojie. To grow in a field. Pa66xaxb B nojie. To work in the field. 2. fig. field. HInpoKoe nojie ^enxejibhocxh. A wide field of activity. 3. field. MarmixHoe nojie. A magnetic 4. pi. brim. HlJiena c OOJIHMH. A hat with a brim. IIOJIE3HO adv., predic. impers. (it is) useful EMy nojiesho MHOFO ryjiaxb. It is useful for him to walk a lot. Bo.ibHO- My nojiesno nnxb ^pyktobhh COK. It is good for the sick man to drink fruit juice. nojte3h b!fl, -an, -oe, -He, short form noneaen, nojie~3h a, -o, -LI useful EoJiesHaH KHHra. A useful book. HoJiesHHH COBCX. Useful advice. nojlet m. flight OnacHHH nojiex. A dangerous flight. CoBepniHXb nojiex. To make a flight. IIOJIEjTETb, -ny, -xiinib, -XHX p. to fly IloJiexexb B KOCMOC. To fly to outer space. nojiflthka /., no pi. policy, politics BnemHHH nojihxhka. Foreign policy. BnyxpeHHHH nojihxhka. Home policy. SaHHMaxbCH nojinxhkoh. To go in for politics. nojlhtflqeck Hfl, -afl, -oe, -He 1. political. IIoJiHXHHecKaH o6cxa- HOBKa. The political situation. HoJiHXHHecKaH 6opb6a. A political Struggle. IIOJIHXHHeCKHH flchxejib. A politician. 2. political. HoJiHXHqecKaH 3KOHO- MHH. Political economy. KA /., gen. pi. -OK 1. shelf. KHMJKHan npjika. A bookshelf. KHHFH cxoax na HOJIKC. The books are on the shelf. 2. berth. BepxHHH (HHJKHHH) DOJI- Ka B Barone. An upper (lower) berth in a railway carriage. JlejKaxb Ha BepxHeii nojine. To lie on an upper berth. <C IIOJKMKHTb 3y6bl HE no.lkv. To starve. IIOJIHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form HOJIOH, nojihja, -6, -LI 1. full. HojiHLiH cxakan BO^LI. A full of water. 3a;i DOJIOH flass PHXCJICH. The hall is full of spectators. KoMnaxa, nojinah CBexa. A room full of light. 2. complete. riojihaa cbo66,o;a. Complete freedom. EOJIELIH OXAUX. Complete rest. 3. StOUt. IlOJIHLIH ^ejiobck. A Stout man. nojihoctbk) adv. completely H nojihocxbio corjiacen c am in complete agreement with you. IIOJIOBflHA /. half IIoJiOBHHa nyxri. Half the way. IIo- JiOBHna rofl;a. Half a year. HepsaH nojiobhna nrpli. The first half of a match. Bxopan nonobhha XIX BC- Ka. The second half of the 19th century. Cennac EOJiOBHHa mecxoro. It is half past five. JIpuxoAHxe B DOJIOBHHC uiecxoro. Come at half past five. nojio/kehhe neut. situation SKOHOMH^ecKoe nojiojkehhe. The economic situation. THwe'jioe DOJIO- 5KeHHe. A difficult situation. OKaaaxbca B xpy^hom nojio>kehhh. To find oneself in a difficult situation. HanxH Bwxofl H3 Jiio66ro nojiowe- HHH. To find a way out of any situation. HOJIOJKfiTb see KJIACTb HOJIOTEHmE neut., gen. pi. -en; towel Moxnaxoe nojioxehue. A Turkish towel. Bbixapaxb pykh nojioxenitem. To dry one's hands with a towel. IIOJITOPA m. & neut., gen. nojiyxopa; nojixopli /., num. one and a half HOJiyOCTPOB m., pi. -a peninsula

109 noji 105 IIOM -K>, -emb, -rox imp. H x o? OT K o r 6? o x K y A a?/ p. nojiyraxb, nojiyny, nojiy^ramb, nojiynax 1. to receive. Eojiynaxb nncbma 113. To receive letters from home. flehbm aa pa66- Ty. To get money for one's work. EojiyHHXb no^apok OT oxna. To get a present from one's father. EoJiyHiixb nphrjiameirae. To receive an invitation. 2. to get. EoJiyqnxb nyjkhbra pe- 3VJibxax. To get the necessary result. EoJiynaxb caxap H3 CBCK- JIBI. To obtain sugar from beetroot. 3. to receive. EoJiy^raxb 3BaHHe npo<f>eccopa. To receive the title of professor. UoJiy^HTb oxmexny. To get a mark. Eojiyraxb 6Jiaroflapnocxb. To be thanked., 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -IOTCH imp./p. HOJiyiHXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. nojiynnxch, nojiy- 1.: y MCHH ne nojiyiaexch / can't manage the problem. OOTOrpa<fHH nojiy^hjihcb xopomo. The photographs proved to be good. Banana ne nojiyqaexcn. The problem won't work out. 2.: impers. EojiyqaeTCH, HTO a BHHO- Eax. It looks as if I am to blame. nojiyhfttb see HOJiyHATb HOJiyHflTbCH see nojiy^atbch HOJIHACA m., gen. nojiynaca half an hour H HCflaJi ero n;ejilix nojinaca. 7 waited for him for a whole half-hour. OH nncaji B Teienne nojiyqaca. He wrote for half an hour. use JlenapCTBO nphnecjio 6ojibmyio nojibay 6oJibHOMy. The medicine helped the sick man very much. nojib3a /. nojib3 OBATbCH, -yrocb, -yembch, -yiotch imp. q e M? / p. Bocnojib3 o- BaxbCH, -yiocb, -yembcn, -yiotch 1. to use. IIoJibsoBaTbCH 6n6jiHOTe- KOH. To use a library. IloJibSO- BaxbCH HyjKHOH KHHFOH. To use the book one needs. IIoJibsoBaTb- CH ycjiyramh. To avail oneself of services. BocnoJibsoBaTbCH cose- TOM. To make use] of advice. BocnojibsosaTbcfl cjiy^aem. To avail oneself of an occasion. IloJib- SOBaTbCH BOSMOJKHOCTbK). To avail oneself of an opportunity. HoJibsoBaTbCH npabom. To exercise the right. 2. no p. to enjoy. IIojibBOBaxbCfl HSBecxHOCxbK). To be well known. IIOJIIOEfiTb see JlIOBflTb IIOJlIOEOBATbCH see JIIOBOBATb- CH nojiioc m. pole CeBepHMH nojiioc. The North Pole. Hay*maH 3KcneAHn;Hfl na IOJKHHH nojiioc. A scientific expedition to the South Pole. nomehlatb see MEIHATb nomei^ehhe neut. room, premises >KHJioe nomen^ehhe. Living premises. IIOMEIIJHK m. landowner KpynnbiH nomeni;hk. A big landowner. BoraxbiH nomemhk. A rich landowner. nomh^op m. tomato CneJiue nomh^opti. Ripe tomatoes. CaJiax H3 nomh^opos. Tomato salad. IIOMH HTb, -ro, -Hmb, -HX imp. K o r 6? or H x o? o K 6 M? o H e M? to remember IIoMHHXb po^hoh ^OM. To remember the house where one was born. IIoM- HHXb oxn;a. To remember one's father. HoMHHXb o flpyre. To remember one's friend. IIoMHHXb o CBOCH n;ejih. To bear in mind one's aim. O He nomhhtb ce5a (OT rhesa). To be beside oneself (with wrath). HOMOrAJTb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. KOMy? HCMy? nem? &-{- inf./ p. nomohb, nomory, nomojkemb, nomoryx, past nomor, -Jia, -Jio, -Jiii to help IIoMoraxb cxapoh Maxepn. To help one's old mother. IIoMOHb flpyry ^;66pHM cobexom. To help one's friend with good advice. HoMOib 6paxy pemhxb 3aany. To help one's brother to solve a problem. no-mgemy 1. adv. my way. OH c^ejiaji sxo no- MoeMy. He did it my way. 2. paren. word in my opinion. Eo-MoeMy, OH xopomira nejio- BCK. In my opinion, he is a good man. HOMOHb see nomofatb

110 HOM 106 no. help CUB 6biJi xopoinhm omy. The son was a good help to his father. HOMODJb /., no pi. help Onasaxb nomomb panehomy. To give help to a wounded man. IIpocnxb nomom,h y Apyaen. To ask one's friends for help. Ilpociixb o nomomh. To ask for help. IIpHHXH Ha nomomb. To come to the aid. OxKaaaxb B nomomn. To refuse to give help. nohejjejibhhk m. Monday B noheaejibhhk MH yesjkaem. We leave on Monday. KajKjjbra nonexejibhiik (no none^ejibhhkam) y nac 6biBaioT JieKn,HH no Jinxepaxype. Every Monday we have lectures on literature. nohhma Tb, -to, -einb, -IDX imp. K o r 6? H T o?//>. nohhxb, nohm y, -einb, -yx, past HOHHJI, nohhjia, nohhjl 0, -H 1. to understand. H Bac HOHHJI. / understood you. Bbi Bee nonn- Maexe? Do you understand everything? IIoHMHxe MCHH npabhjib- 2. HO! Don't misunderstand me. to understand. OH MJIJIO HOHH- Maex B Mysbine. He does not understand much about music. nohpabhtbcfl see HPABHTbCH nohjlthe neut. notion GJIOBO H nonaxhe paaiiue semn. The word and the notion are different things. <> fl H6 IIMCIO nohhthh O TBO6& pa66xe. I've no idea of your work. OOHHTHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form nohhxeh, nohxh a, -o, -bi understandable, clear nohhtho 1. adv. clear(ly). 3xo CJIOBO BaM no- HHXHO? Is this word clear to you? OH robopaji nohhxho. He spoke clearly. MHO see HOHHXHO. Everything is clear to me. 2. predic.impers. (it is) clear. IIoHHX- HO, HXO B xakoh ^OJK^b OH HO nph- ^ex. It's clear that he won't come in such a rain. OOHHTb see HOHHMATb nooeeflatb see OBE^ATb noobeiijatb see -K), -emb, -rox ^ imp. / p. nonacxb, nona# y, -emb, -yx, past nonaji, -a, -o, -H 1. to hit. Honacxb B n.ejib. To hit the mark. 2. to get. Ilonacxb B xeaxp. To get to the theatre. 3. to get. Kan BM cio^a nonajin? How did you get here? impers. t colloq. to catch it. Mne nonajio ox Maxepn. / caught it hot from Mother. <> KaK nonajio. Anyhow. IIonacTb ne B 6poBb, a B rjiaa. Gf. To hit the nail on the head. no-hpehchemy adv. still, as before OH no-npe?khemy JKHBCX a^ecb. He still lives here. HOnPOBOBATb see HPOBOBATb nohpocfltb see HPOCflTb IIOIIPOmATbCH nopa see HPOIIIATbCH /. time H snaio ero c ^abhhx nop. I've known him for a long time. G xex nop npomjio MHOFO Jiex. Many years have passed since then. J^o CHX nop MH HHnero ne anaem o HCM. We still don't know anything about him. IIOPA 2 predic. impers. it is time Ilopa Bcxasaxb y>ke no3,nho. It 's time to get up: it's already late. Ilopa HAXH AOMOH. it's time to go home. HaM nopa oge^axb. It's time for us to have dinner. IIOPA5KEHHE neut. defeat Tame'Jioe nopajk^nne. A heavy defeat. Iloxepnexb nopajkenne B BOHne. To be defeated in a war. Hane- CXH nopa>kehhe. To defeat. nopoffl OK m., gen. -Ka powder 1. only sing, powder. SySnon nopom6k. Tooth-powder. 2. powder. JleKapcxso B nopomkax. Medicine in the form of powder. IIpiiHHMaTb no OflHOMy nopoin- Ky 3 paaa B flenb. To take one powder 3 times a day. IIOPT m., prepos. B nopxy & o nopxe port MopCKOH nopx. A seaport. PeHHOii nopx. A river port. PaSoxaxb B nopxy. To work at the port. portrait noptpelt m. IIOPTOeJIb m. brief-case no-p^cckh adv. (in) Russian ToBopHXb no-pycckh. To speak

111 HOP 107 HOC Russian. OHH nejin aiy necnio nopycckh. They sang this song in Russian. HOP>I^ OK m., gen. -Ka 1. order. V MGHH B KOMHaxe Bcer- AE nopaaok. My room is always in order. JJepjKaTb BenjH B nopaake. To keep things in order. HpHBecTH Bee B nopaaok. To put everything in order. IIpH- BGCTH ce6a B nophaok. To tidy oneself up. 2. succession. PaccKaaaxt BCC no nopaaky. To tell, everything in the same order as it happened. <> Bee B nopnake. Everything is all right. HOCAUflTb see CA5KATB IIOCBHTflTb see IIOCBHIIJATb nocbhojaitb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. q T o? K o M y? H e M y? / p. HOCBH - THTb, -my, -Tlifflb, -THT 1. to devote. IIOCBHTHTb JKH3Hb Hayne. To devote one's life to science. 2. to dedicate. IIocBamaTb KHHry flpyry. To dedicate a book to one's friend. IIOCETflTb see noceiijatb nocema Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? ITO?//?. noce THTb, -my, -THUIb, -THT 1. to visit. IIoceni;aTb 6ojibnoro TO- Bapnma. To visit a sick friend. IIoceTHTb Myaea. To visit a museum. 2. no p. to attend. IIocemaTb JieK- IJHH. To attend lectures. HOCJIATb see HOCblJIATb flocjie 1. adv. later. MOJKHO npnhth cea- Hac? HeT, npnxoah nocjie. "May I come now?" "No, come later." 2. prep. -{- gen. after. Ilocjie o6e#a. After dinner. Ilocjie pasotbi. After WOrk. MOJKHO MH6 B3HTb 3Ty KHHry nocjie nee? May I have the book after her? nocjlflh Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne last IIocJieAHHH flenb Mecni^a. The last day of the month. Who is the last? <> EopOTbCH 30 nocjie^heh KpoBH. To fight to the last drop of blood. CosftaBaTb HOBbie Mainw- Hbi no nocjieaiiemy c.iony TCXHEIKII. To build new machines according to the last word in technology. HocjieflHHe iianectiih. The latest news. HOCJIE3ABTPA adv. the day after tomorrow HOCJIOBHUiA /. proverb HOCJI^niAITb, -K>, -emb, -IOT p. KO- TO? H T 0? 1. to listen (for^a while). OH no- CTOHJI, nocjiyina^ nemhoro H yineji. He stood and listened for a while, then he went away. 2.: IIocJiyniaH(Te), passe BTO npa- BHJibHO? Look here, is that right? nocji^diatbch see CJIYHIATbCH HOCMOTPETb see CMOTPETb nocobetobatb see COBETOBATb HOCOBfiTOBATbCH see COBETO- BATbCH HOCnOPHTb see CHOPHTb 1. adv. amid, among. Ha yjraije co6pajiacb TOJina napoaa. ITocpe- Aii ctoaji pesenok H njiakaji. A crowd of people had gathered in the street. Among the crowd stood a child, crying. 2. prep. -{-gen. in the middle of. <J>OHTaH. In the middle of the square there is a beautiful fountain. noccophtbch see CCOPHTbCH HOCTABHTb see CTABHTb IIOCTAPATbCa see CTAPATbCH noctejib /. bed BojibHoa floji/ken JiewaTb B nocte- JIH. The patient must remain in bed. EMy nejibaa BCTasaTb c no- CT6JIH. He is not allowed to get up. gradually noctehehho OH adv. noctenenno npnbbikaji K KJIH- MaTy. He gradually got accustomed to the climate. nocto#hh blfl, -aa, -oe, -bie constant; adv. noctohhho constantly, always noctohhhah TCMnepaTypa. A constant temperature. Pe6enoK noctoah- HO SoJieeT. The child is always ill. OOCTOlHTb, -ro, -nmb, -at p. 1. to stand (for a while). CHA^TO, ne 6ecnoKOHTecb, a noctoio. Keep your seat, and don't worry; I'll stand. OH noctoaji nemhoro

112 noc 108 noa H ymeji. He stood for a while and then went away. 2.: nocxoh(xe)! Wait! HOCTPflHbCH see CTPflHbCH noctpohtb see CTPOHTb noctyna Tb, -K>, -enn>, -rox imp. I p. nocxynaxb, nocxynjno, nocxynhmb, nocxynnx 1. to act. HecTHO nocxynaxb. To act honestly. HJIOXO nocxymixb. To act badly. 2. Kyaa? to enter. Hocxynnxb B HHCXHXyX, Ha HCXOpHHeCKHH $a- Kyjibxex. To enter an institute, the history department. Ilocxynnxb na pa66xy. To take up work. 3.: HocxynHjio npefljiomehne. There is a proposal. nocxynfttb see nocxynatb m., gen. -Ka action nocxynok. An honest action. CoBepmHXb repohieckhh nocxynok. To accomplish a feat. noctyhatb see CTYHATb /. crockery nocy^a. Tea-things. Mbixb nocy/ty. To wash up. nocbijia Tb, -ro, -emb, -iox imp. KOTO? *ixo? KOMy? HCMy? or K KOMy? I p. nocjiaxb, nonui i6, -emb, -rox 1. to send. Maxb nocjiajia pe6ehka B MarasHH sa XJie6oM. The mother sent her child to the shop for some bread. Ero nocjiajin na pa66xy B Gapaxos. He was sent to work in Saratov. 2. to send. Ilocjiaxb nncbmo poflii- XCJIHM. To send a letter to one's parents. HOCI>IJI KA /., gen. pi. -OK parcel IIOHXOBaH nocmjika. A parcel sent by post. OxnpaBHXb noctijiky. To send a parcel. Hojiyrnxb nocwjiky ox po^hxejien. To receive a parcel from one's parents. no-tboemy 1. adv. as you wish. Bee 6yex noxboemy. Everything as you wish. will be done 2. paren. word in your opinion. Ilo-xBoeMy, 3x0 npabhjibho? Do you think it's right? IIOTEPflTb see TEPHTb notoji CK m., gen. -Ka ceiling BHCOKHH noxojiok. A high ceiling. HHBKHH noxojiok. A low ceiling. Ha noxojike BHCHX jiamna. A lamp is hanging from the ceiling. IIOTCJM adv. then CnanaJia MH noo6e,najih, a HOXOM We first had dinner norajih ryjiflxb. and then went for a walk. because notom^ HTO [mxp] con), OH He nncaji HHCCM, noxomy HXO 6biJi aahhx. He didn't write letters because he was busy. HOTOH^Tb see TOH^Tb IIOTPEEOBATb see TPEEOBATb HOTPOrATb see TPOFATb HOTHH^Tb see THH^Tb HO^5KHHATb see YJKHHATb HOXBAJIflTb see XBAJlflTb noxoft rn. hike TypacxH^ecKHH noxoa. A walkingtour. XoflHXb B noxofl. To hike t to go on a walking-tour. IIOXG5K Hfl, -an, -ee, -He, short form noxojk, -a, -e, -H resembling Ha Koro OH noxo>k? Whom does he look like? OH noxo>k Ha Moero 6paxa. He looks like my brother. IIOIJEJIOBATb see IHEJIOBATjb noi^ejiobatbch see E[EJIOBATbCH f. soil adv. why BH onosflajih? Why are you late? HEMy-TO adv. for some reason HoqeMy-xo OH ne npnmeji. For some reason he has not come., -an, -oe, -ue honorary SBanne. An honorary title. rocxb. A guest of honour. IIOHHHflTb see HHHflTb HOHflCTHTb see HflCTHTb, 1 HOHTA /. 1. post. HocbiJiaxb qx6-jih6o noq- XOH (no no^xe). To send something by post. 2. post-office. Pa66xaxb Ha HOHXC. To work at a post-office. Ilo^xa pa66xaex c 7 yxpa no 12 HOHH. The post-office is open from 7 in the morning to 12 at night. IIOHTfl adv. almost OH oxubixaji HOHXH #Ba Mecana. He rested for almost two months. IIOH^BCTBOBATb see H^BCTBO- BATb noinytfltb see fflyifltb HO9T m. poet

113 noa 109 HPE adv. that is why IloineJi AOJKflb, noaxomy MH ocxajmcb #OMa. It began raining, that's why we stayed at home. HOHBflTbCH see IIOHBJlHTbCH IIOHBJlHlTbCH, -rocb, -embcfl, -rox- CH imp. T A e? / p. nohbhxbch, HOHBjiiocb, nohbhmbch, nohbhtch to appear, to come out Ha ne6e nohbhjincb SBeaAbi. Stars came out in the sky. HOHC m. t pi -a 1. belt. Hone najibxo. A coat belt. ffihpokhh none. A wide belt. 3acxernyxb none. To fasten the belt. 2. waist. Cxofixb B so,a;e no none. To stand waist-deep in water. / 1. truth. 3xo npab^a. This is the truth. FoBOpiixb npabay B ruaaa. To speak the truth to somebody's face. 2. used as pred. it is true. npabjja, ^xo OH yexaji? IIpaBAa. "7.9 it true that he has left?" "Yes, it is." 0> Ho npau^e robopa... To tell the truth..., -aa, -oe, -me truthful lejiosek. A truthful man. HpaBAHBbie rjiasa. Truthful eyes. IIpaBAHBafl Hcxopna. A true story. HPABHJIO neut. 1. rule. ITpaBHJio rpammaxhkh. A grammar rule. Tpy#Hoe npabhjio. A hard rule. 2. only pi. rules. Co6jiK),naxb npa- BHJia. To observe the rules. <> KaK npaeiuio. As a rule. npabhjibh bifl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. npabhjibho correct; right npabhjibhmh oxbex. A correct answer. OH npabhjibho pemnji sa^any. He solved the problem correctly. HpaBHJibHo! That's right! IIPABflTEJIbCTBO neut. government IIPAB p neut., pi. -a 1. right. HaSHpaxejibHoe npafio. Suffrage. TpaJKAaHCKHe npasa. Civil rights. IlpaBO na xpy^. The right to work. IlpaBO na 6x#bix. The right to rest. HoJibaoBaxbCH npa- BaMH. To exercise one's rights. 2. law. Hayqaxb npaso. To study law. HPABIblfl 1, -an, -oe, -He right ITpasafl pyka. The right hand (arm). IIPAB blfl 2, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form npas, npasa, npabjo, -H 1. only short form right. OH npab B axom Bonpoce. He is right in this question. BH He npabh. You are not right. 2. only complete form right. Bopoxbca sa npaboe ^ejio. To fight for the right cause. HPA3.HHHK m. holiday, festive occasion Han,HOHaJibHHH npaaahhk. A national holiday. HpasAHHK IlepBoro Man. The First of May holiday. IIo3ApaBJiaxb c npaafthhkom. To congratulate on a holiday. HPAS^HHHHIblH, -an, -oe, -ne fes tive, holiday-like IIpaaAHHHHHH ropoa- A holidaylike city. npaa^hh^hhh Be^ep. A festive evening-party. IIpasjaiHHHHHH KOCXJDM. One's best clothes. Ilpaaji;- HHHHoe Hacxpoenne. A holiday mood. npa3^h OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox imp. H x o? to celebrate npas^hobaxb no6e,ny. To celebrate a victory. IIpasflHOBaxb,a;eHb po>kqehhh. To celebrate one's birthday. IIPAKTHKA /. 1. practical work. Hoexaxb na npak- XHKy. To go to practical work. Ilpoxo^axb npakxhky Ha aabofle. To do one's practical work at a plant. 2. practice. Gfiaaaxb xeopnro c npak- XHKOH. To link theory with practice. npaktflheck Hft, -afl, -oe, -ne 1. practical. IIpaKXHqecKHe aana- XHH. Practical studies. 2. practical. HpaKxaqecKHH COBCX. Practical advice. HPAHEHHIAa /., gen. -pfi laundry GaaBaxb 6enbe B npaqe<rayio. To send one's washing to the laundry. HPEBPATflTb see HPEBPAmATb HPEBPATflTbCH see HPEBPADqiATb- CH HPEBPAmA Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? q x o? B K o r 6? B o H x 6?/ p. npebpa xhxb, -my, -xiinib, -XHX to turn (into) HpeBpaxHXb nycxmhio B caa. To turn a desert into an orchard.

114 HPE no HPE IIPEBPAmA TbCH, -iocb,, -IOXCH imp. B K o r 6? BOHX 6?/ p. npespalxiixbch, -mycb, -xihnbch, -XHXCH to turn (into) Boa npespaxhjiacb B nap. The water turned into vapour. npe^jiara Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. KOMy? HeMy? HXO? & + inf. / p. npe;i;jio>khxb, 1. to offer. OH npefljio?khji HaM KO<$e. He offered us coffee. 2. to suggest. OH npeajiojkhji non- TH B KHHO. He suggested that we should go to the cinema. IIPEAJI05KEHHE 1 neut. 1. proposal, suggestion. BHCCTH npeajiojkehhe Ha coopahhh. To make a proposal at a meeting. BocnojibaoBaxbCH npefljiohtemiem. To avail oneself of a suggestion. EojiesHoe npeajio>kehhe. A useful suggestion. 2. proposal. CfleJiaxb npefljiowehhe JiiofDHMOH flebymke. To propose to the girl one loves. npe,hjio3khhe 2 neut. sentence; clause npeaj105kfltb see HPEflJIArATb DPEflMET m. object. TflJKe'jiHH npe^mex. A heavy object. 2. subject, fl H3y<iaJi axn npe^mexu B nikojie. 7 studied these subjects at school. DPE^nPHIlTHE neut. enterprise Pa6oTaTb Ha npe^nphhthh. To work at an enterprise. CospeMeHHoe nphhthe. A modern enterprise. m. chairman cospannh. The chairman at a meeting. IlpeflceflaxeJib KOJixoaa. A collective-farm chairman. IIPEflCTABflTEJIb m. representative IIpeACxaBHxeJifl Hapo^a. Representatives of the people. ilpe^cxabhxejih aabofla. Representatives from a plant. npenctabhtb see JlHTb IIPEflCTABJlUlTb, -K), -emb, -lox imp. I p. npeflcxalbhxb, -BJIIO, - -BHX 1. q x o? to imagine. ce6e KapxHny 6yj[ymero. To imagine the future. 2. K o r o? KOMy? to introduce. HoBBOJibxe npe^cxabhxb sam xo- Bapnma H. Let me introduce Comrade N. IIPEJJCTOlHTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -rix, -HX imp. K o- M y? q e M y? to be ahead HaM npeji;cxohx nhxepecnan noean- Ka. We are faced with an interesting MHC npe^cxohx noexaxb na journey. cesep. 7 am to go to the north. see npe^ynpehcfla Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? qxo? o ne M?/ p. npe^ynpeuhxb, ->ny, -AHmb, -AHT 1. warn. t^ Ilpeaynpe^iixb qejiose- Ka 06 onachocxh. To warn a person of danger, npeflynpejuixb oxpria o npn6jih>kehhh epara. To* warn a detachment of the approach of the enemy. 2. to prevent. ripe^ynpejk^axb 60- jieshb. To prevent a disease. IIPfiHCJJE 1. adv. before, first of all. ITpeH?^ MM Bcxpe^aJiHCb qacxo. We used often to meet before. ITpeHCfle Bcero, ckawthxe rjiabhoe. First of all, tell me the main thing. 2. conj. before. IIpejKAe qem rosopnxb, noayman. Think before you speak. IIPEJKHjHfl, -HH, -ee, -ne former B npejkhee BpeMfl. In former times; in the old days. IIpeJKHHH HanaJib- HHK. The former chief. npekpach blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form npekpacen, npekpach a, -o^ -bi; adv. npekpacho 1. beautiful. Ona 6bijia npekpacna. She was beautiful. 2. fine, wonderful, beautiful, npe- Kpacnan noro^a. Fine weather. HpeKpacHbiH cnekxakjib. A wonderful performance. OH npekpacho xahn;yex. He dances beautifully. 3. used as particle very good, fine. HpeKpacHO, H aasxpa nph^y. Very good, I'll come tomorrow. <> B OAHH npeicpaciibiii aeiih. One fine day. npekpatfltb see npekpatfltbchsee CH

115 HPE in HPH npekpama Tb, -jo, -emb, -IOT imp. TITO? & -j- in/. / p. npekpajthtb, -my, -THinb, -THT to stop HpeKpaTHTb paarobop. To drop a conversation. ITpeKpaTHTe paarobaphbatb! Stop talking/ [IPEKPAmA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -GTCH, -IOTCH imp./ p. npekpat HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH to stop JJojKflb He npenpamajich. The rain didn't stop. Bexep npekpathjich. The wind has abated. HPEMHfl /. bonus IIoJiy^HTb npemhk). To get a bonus. IIPEOflOJIEBA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. HTO?//>. npeo,nojie Tb, -10, -emb, -JOT to overcome IIpeoflOJieBaTb npenhtctbhh. To overcome obstacles. EpeoflOJieTb yc- TaJiocib. To overcome fatigue. IlpeojjojieTb CTpax. To overcome fear. IIPEOJJOJIETb see HPEO^OJIEBATb npelloftabatejib m. teacher OntiTHWH npenojjabatejib. An experienced teacher. EpenoflaBaTejib pycckoro HSHKSU A Russian teacher. obstacle CepbeaHoe npenhtctbne. A serious obstacle. BcTpeinxb npennxctbhe aa nyth. To meet with an obstacle. EpeoflOjieTb Bee npenhtctbhh. To overcome all obstacles. HPEHHTCTBHE neut. npectynjiehhe neut. crime CoBepmHTb npecxynji^hhe. To commit a crime. XIPECTyilHHK m. criminal OnacnHH npectynnhk. A dangerous criminal. ApecTOBaxb npectynnhka. To arrest a criminal. IIPH prep, -f- prepos. 1. in one's presence. He rosophte Tan npn MHC. Don't speak so in my presence. 2. under. ITpn IleTpe I. Under Peter I. 3. at. Hpn TeMnepaType B 100 rdday- COB LJejibCHH BOfla npebpam;aetch B nap. At a temperature of 100 C water turns into vapour. Epn cepb- C3HOM OTHOineHHH K flcjiy Bbl RO- 6be*Tecb 6ojibmHx ycnexos. // you adopt a serious attitude towards what you do, you'll make great progress. 4. on, witb. PlMCTb HTO-JiH6o npn ce6e. To have something with one. 5. in. Ilpn CBeTe JiyHH. In the moonlight. nphejlh3ka TbCH, -rocb, -ernbcn, -IOTCH imp. K KOMy? K HCM y?/ p. nph6jih 3HTbCH, -ycb, -smnbch, -3HTCH 1. to approach. Iloea^ npn6nh>kaet- CH K ropofly. The train is approaching the town. \ fig. IIpn6jra- 3HTbcH K IJCJIH. To get nearer to one's aim. 2. fig. no p. to draw nearer. npn6jihjkaexch npaaahhk. The holiday is drawing near. nphbjiflshtbch see HPHBJ1H- HCATbCH HPHBOP m. 1. device, instrument. To^Hbie npn66pbi. Precision instruments. 2. set. 06eAenHHH npncop. Cover. BpHTBeHHbiH npn66p. Shaving requisites. IIPHBbIBA Tb, -jo, -emb, -KT imp. Kya? / p. npn6bitb, npn6ya y, -enib, -VT, past npnsbiji, npn6hjia, npii6wji o, -H to arrive Fjiasa npabhtejibctba nph6biji c BH- 3HTOM B coceflhioio CTpany. The head of the government arrived in the neighbouring country on a visit. CaMOJie'T npnsbiji TOHHO. The plane has arrived on time. HPHBb'ITb see HPHBblBATb HPHBECTK see DPHBO^flTb IIPHBET m. regards FopHHHH nphbct. Warmest regards. ITepe^aTb npnbgt flpyry. To send a friend one's regards. HPHBETCTB OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiot imp. K o r 6? H T o? to welcome Bee nphbctctbobajih BbicoKoro ro- CTH. Everyone welcomed the guest of honour. HpHBeTCTBOBaTb pemenne npabhtcjibctba. To welcome the decision of the government. IIPHBOJJflTb, npnbojky, npnboahiiib, nphboflht imp. K o r o? H T o?/ p. nphbccth, nphbe^ly, -emb, -yx, past nphbe'ji, nphbe;i a, -6, -w 1. to bring. HpHBecTH pe6e'hka B flctckhh ca^. To bring a child to the kindergarten.

116 HPH 112 HPH 2. to lead. JJopora npnsejia B jiec. The road led to the forest. 3. fig. to lead. 3xo nphbejio K TO- My, HTO... This led to to quote, to cite. nphboflhxb npn- Mepu. To quote examples. IlpHBec- To cite a quotation. TH ijhxaxy. IIPHBbIKA Tb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp. K KOMy? K q e M y? & -f- inf. I p. nphbukhlyxb, -y, -emb, -yx, past nphbmk, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH 1. to accustomed. ^et IIpHBbiKaxb K HOBOMy KJiHMaxy. To get accustomed to a new climate. IIpHBbi- KaTb K HOBUM xobapnmam. To get accustomed to new friends. 2. to get into the habit (of). IIpH- BHKayxb KypHTb. To get into the habit of smoking. see IIPHBblKATb /., gen. pi. -en habit XoporaaH nphbhiqka. A good habit. BpeaHaH nphbbiqka. A dangerous habit. HPHrJIACflTb see HPHrJlAIHATb nphrjiaffla Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? q x o? & -f~ inf. / p. npnrjiaicnxb, -ray, -ciimb, -car to invite npnrjiaciixb jjeaymky B Teaip. To invite a girl to the theatre. IIpiirjiamaib B rocxn. To invite somebody to one's house. OH npurjiaciiji jtesymky xahrjebaxb. He asked the girl to dance with him. HPHrjIADIEHHE neut. invitation ITojiyqiixb npnrjiainehhe na se^ep. To get an invitation for an eveningparty. IIpuHfixb nphrjiamenne nocexnxb cxpany. To accept the invitation to visit a country. HPHrOBOP m. sentence GnpaseAJiMBbiH npnrobop. A just sentence. BbiHOCiixb npnrobop. To pass sentence. IIpHBOZiHXb npnro- Bop B HcnojineHne. To execute] a sentence. -*ycb, -flaxen p. KOMy? q e M y? to prove useful Mne nparoahjich XBOH cosex. Your advice proved useful to me. HPHrOTOBHTb see TOTOBHTb, nphfotobhtbch 1 see TOTOBHTb- CH see IIPHfl#MbIBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. ixo? / p. npn^ymalxb, -K>, -emb, -IQX to make up, to think of, to invent IlpHflyMaxb npeajiojkenne. To make up a sentence. ITpH^yMaxb HCXOpnio. To invent a story. IlpH^yMaHxe HTd-HHOjflb! Think of something! nphe3mca Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. Ky^a?/p. npnexaxb, nph^aly, -emb, -yx to come Ilpnexaxb B nyjkoh ropo^. To come to a strange city. Ilpnexaxb K pogiixenhm. To come to one's parents. Hpnexaxb na xpambae. To come by tram. HPHEXATb see HPHESaCATb IIPH3IJA BATb, -K), -emb, -K>X imp. KOTO? HXO? / p. nph3na xb, -10, -emb, -jox 1. to recognise. IlpnaHaBaxb nosoe npasiaxejibcxbo. To recognise a new government. 2. to admit. IIpHanaxb CBOK om6- KH. To admit one's mistakes. nph3ha BATbCfl, -tocb, -embcfl, -roxcfl imp. KOMy? q e M y? B qem?/jp. nph3ha xbca, -rocb, -emb- -H)XCfl Cfl, 1. to declare, npnanaxbcji aesyrake B jnosfiii. To declare one's love to a girl. 2. to admit. npnahaxbch B CBOHX omn6kax. To admit one's mistakes. HPHSHATb see HPH3HABATb nph3hatbch see IIPH3HABATbCH HPHHTfl see HPHXC^flTb HPHflTflCb see nphxoflfltbch HPHKA3 m. order GxporHH nphkaa. A strict order. BMnoJiHHXb nphkaa KOMaH^Hpa. To carry out the commander's order. Oxflaxb nphkaa coji^axam. To give an order to the soldiers. HPHKA3ATb see IIPHKASblBATb HPHKA3bIBA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. KOMy? 46My?-f inf. / p. nphkaaaxb, nphkawy, nphkaatemb, npn- Ka>Kyx to order IIpHKaaaxb BoacKaM naqaxt nacxynjiehhe. To order the troops to commence an offensive. IIPHMEP m. 1. example. Euxb npnmepom fljm. To set an example for

117 OPH 113 HPH others. CJieAOBaxb npnmepy 6paxa. To follow one's brother's example. 2. example. nphbecxri nphmep. To quote an example. nphhaajie5k ATb, -y, -wmb, -ax imp. K o M y? q e M y? to belong SeMJiH nphhaajiejkiix Hapo^y. The land belongs to the people. HPHHECTfl see HPHHOCflTb IIPHHHMA Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. K o r 6? H x o?//>. nphhfixb, nphmemb, npitmyt, past nphhhjia, npiihhji o, -H 1. to receive. IIpHHHMaxb rocxen. To receive guests. 2. to take. npimhmaxb JienapCTBO. To take medicine. 3. to take. IIpHHaxb pememie. To take a decision. 4. to adopt. npmmxb HOBMH aa- KOH. To adopt a new law. IIpH- HHXb pe3ojif6n,mo. To adopt a resolution. 5. to accept. HpiraHMaxb npefljio- JKeHHe. To accept an offer. Hpii- Hfixb npnrjiamehhe. To accept an invitation. 6. to admit. Moero CLina npiinajih B HHCxnxyx. My son has been admitted to the institute. 7.: IIpHHfiTb ynactne (B He'M-JiH6o). To take part (in something)., nphhomy, nphhocninb, imp. KOTO? ^ T o?/ p. nphhec TH, -y, -e'mb, -yi, past nphhec, nphhecji a, -6, -IT 1. to bring. ITpHHecTii lemoaan. To bring a suit -case. 2. : riphhociitb nojibsy (spea). To prove useful (harmful). IIPflHIJHII m. principle Mwexb TsepflLie nphhmmu. To have firm principles. OcHOBHbie npimn;hnw HccjieAOBaHHa. The basic principles of investigation. HPHHflTb see HIHUHMATb HPHPOAA /. nature Boratan npnpoaa. Rich plant and animal life. Mayqaib npnpoay. To study nature. nphcjiatb see HPHCblJIATb nphc^tctbiobatb, -yro, -yemb, -ywt imp. re? to be present HpHcyTCTBOBaTb na co6pahh. To be present at a meeting. OH npncyictbobaji npn BTOM pasrobope He was present when this conversation took place. HPHCblJIAITb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? HTO? KOMy? / p. npn cjiaib, -nijiio, -nuiemb, -HIJIIOT 1. ITO? KOMy? to send. IIpHCbi- Jiaib niicbma Maxepa. To send letters to one's mother. JIpncjiaTb nncbmo no no l ite. To send a letter by post. 2. K o r 6? 3 a H e M? to send. IIpHcjiaib 6paxa sa KHHroH. To send one's brother for a book. npnxojky, nphxcanmb, imp. /p. npnhth, npn/i y, -emb, -yx, past npnme'ji, npnmji a, -6, -H 1. to come. riphhxii AOMOH. To come home. npuxojjhxb na JieK- HHIO. To come to a lecture. IIpHxojjnxb K 6oJibHoMy xobapnmy. To come and see a sick friend. IIpuHXH B TOCXH. To come on a visit. 2. to set in. IIpHinjia secna. Spring has set in. 3. to come. HPHHXH K BtiBojiy (pemehhio). To come to a conclusion (a decision). ITpHHXii K corjiamehhk). To come to an agreement. 4.:IIpHHXH B Bocxopr. To be enraptured. <> Mne B rojioey iipiniuia Mbicjib. An idea occurred to me. HpuHTH B ce6a. To come to one's senses. IIpmlTH B coanainic. To regain consciousness. impers. imp. KOMy? / p. nphhxflcb, npnflexch, past npnmjiocb to have (to) MHO npnaexch eam BCC pacckaaaxb. I'll have to tell you everything. HaM npiraijiocb npohhxaxb SoJibiuofi Ma- TepMaJi. We had to read much material. HPHHECATbCH see HPHHECbl- BATbCH HPHqECblBAITbCH, -rocb, -enibcn, -IOTCH imp. HCM?/P. nphhecarbch, npuqemycb, nphnemembch, npnqemytch to comb one's hair HPHHflHA /. cause, reason CMCflXbca 6ea nphhhhbi. To laugh without any reason.

118 EPH 114 HPO IIPHflTH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form nphhxeh, nphhxhja, -o, -H; adv. nphhxho pleasant, nice qejiobok. A nice person. nbex. A nice colour. HOBOCTb. Pleasant news. \predic. impers. MHC SbiJio nphhxho CJtymaxb ero. It was pleasant to me to listen to him. IIPO prep. -}- ace., colloq. about PaccKa>Kn npo ce6h. Tell about yourself. OH pacckasaji HaM CKaaKy npo BoJiKa. He told us a tale about a wolf. <> HnTaxb npo ce6fl. To read to oneself. IIPOE OBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yiox imp. q T o? or -f- inf. /p. nonp66 obatfc, -yio, -yemb, -yiox 1. to ^try. HonpoSoBaxb pernnxb saaaqy. To try to solve the problem. 2. to taste. IIonp66oBaxb cyn. To taste the soup. 3.: OH nonp66obaji CBOH CHJIBI B <J>yx6oJie. He tried his skill at football. npobfcpiitb see DPOBEPflTb IIPOBEPfl Tb, -K>, -emb, -lox imp. HXO? / p. npobep HXb, -K), -HUIb, -HX to check, to try EpoBepHTb ynpawnehhe. To check an exercise. DpOB^pHTb onux. To check an experiment. IIPOBECTfl see IlPOBOJJflTB 1 imp./p. nposecxij, npo- B6A y, -einb, -yx, past nposeji, npo- Beji a, -6, -H 1. KOTO? HXO? Ky^a? to lead. OH npobcji rocxa B KOMHaxy. He led the guest into the room. IIpOBecxH napoxoa no KanaJiy. To navigate a ship through a canal. 2. to run over. IIpoBecxii pykon no BOJiocaM. To run one's hand over one's hair. 3. to draw. ITpoBecxn JIHHHIO. To draw a line. 4. to put. IIpoBecxii Kanaji B nycxijhe. To cut a canal through the desert. HpOBecxH paflno, raa. To put radio, gas (in the house). 5.: IlpOBecxit akckypcnio. To conduct an excursion. 6. to spend. IIpoBecxH B flepebhe. To spend one's holidays in the country. IIPOBOAflTB 2 see HPOBOHCATB OPOBO}KA TB, -K), -erab, -IOT imp. K o r 6? / p. npoboflrixb, 1. to see (somebody home). OH npoboflhji flebymny ROMOVL. He saw the girl home. 2. to see off. HpOBowaxb flpyra Ha BOKaaJi. To see one's friend to the railway station. B<iepa MH npobowajin npo$cok)3hyio ^ejierannio. Yesterday we saw off a trade-union delegation. nporpamma /. 1. programme. HporpaMMa Ha nxb Jiex. A five-year programme. EporpaMMa napxhh. A party programme. 2. programme. IIporpaMMa KOHn,e"pxa. The programme of the concert. TeaxpajibHan nporpamma. A theatre programme. 3. syllabus. IIporpaMMa no Maxe- MaxHKe. A syllabus in mathematics. HPOAAJBATB, -K), -enib, -rox imp. HXO? KOTO? KOM y?//>. npo,aaxb, nooflam, npoaamb, npoflacx, npo^a- HM, npofla^hxe, npofla^yx, past npoflaji, npo^ajia, npoaaji o, -H to sell Ha pbihke npo#ai6x < )pykxh H OBOm,n. They sell fruit and vegetables at the market. IIPOAAB l{ m. t gen. -n.a shop-assistant, salesman Pa6oxaxb nponabdiom. To work as a shop-assistant (salesman). HPO^ATb see IIPOflAlUTb npo^ojlhca Tb, -K), HXO? & + inf. to continue -emb, -x imp. IIpOAOJijKaxb paarobop. To continue the conversation. IIpo;ioji5Kaxb nexb. To continue singing. npoflojljkaltbcfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. to last Co6panne npoojiwajiocb ^o Benepa. The meeting lasted till the evening. npo^oj13kehhe neut. continuation npo,noji}kehhe pa3fob6pa. The continuation of a coniersation. IlpOflOJi-

119 IIPO 115 ni j o pomana. The continuation of a novel. To be <$> llpojiojftkeime cjieflyer. continued. pi. provisions HHTaHHH. Food-stuffs. npoayktbi. Dairy products. HoKynaTb npoavkth B Mara- 3Jme. To buy provisions at a shop. IIPOE35KA Tb, -10, -enib, -K>T imp. q T o? M H M o Her 6? I p. npoexaxb, npoealy, -emb, -yx 1. to drive past. IIpoesJKaTb ropofl. To drive past a town. Ilpoea- 5Kaib MHMO AOMa. To drive past a house. 2. to cover (a distance). EpoexaTb CTO KHJiOMerpoB. To cover 100 kilometres. B ^enb MM npoea-?kajra 50 KM. We covered 50 kilometres a day. 3. to miss, fl ne snaji, rjje nyjkho BbixoAHTb, H npoexaji ocxahobky. / didn't know where to get off and missed my stop, fl nacto npoeajkaio CBOIO ociahobky. / often miss my stop. IIPOEXATb see IIPOE3}KATb IIPO JKflTb, -JKHBy, -JKHBCmb, -JKHByT, past npomnji, npojkhjia, npojkhjijo, -H p. to live OH npo>khji 75 JICT. He lived 75 years, fl npo>khji B STOM ropo^e 10 Jiei. / lived 10 years in that town. npo3pahh blfl, -aa, -oe, -me transparent npohfpatb see HPOflrPblBATb HPOflrPblBAITb, -H), -emb, -KT imp. HTO? KOMy? HCM y?/p. npohtpa ib, -to, -emb, -IOT to lose (a game, etc.), to be defeated Kama KOMaH^a nponrpajia. Our team lost. HponrpaTb sonny. To be defeated in the war. npoh3beaehhe neut. work IlpoH3BeAeHHe HcnyccTBa. A work of art. IIpOHSBeAeHHfl IlymKHHa. The works of Pushkin. npoh3rectfl see npoh3boafltb HPOHSBO^flTb, nponsbojkv, npona- 8* BoAHmb, npohsboaflt imp. q T o?/ p. npoh3bectm, nponsbcaly, -emb, -y?,past npohsbeji, npoh3beji a,-6, -H 1. to produce. UpoHBBOAHTb KH. To produce machine-tools. 2. fig. to make. IIpOH3BecTH Koe BneqaiJieHHe. To make a profound impression. IIPOH3BC#CTBO neut. 1. OUtput. EpOHSBOACTBO CTEJIH. Steel output. 2. production. OpyAHH nponsboa- CTBa. Implements of production. npoh3homhhe neut. pronunciation IIpaBHJibHoe npohshomehhe. The correct pronunciation. HPOHSOflTfl see HPOHCXOaflTb npohcxo^fltb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. nponcxoaht, npo- HCXOA^T imp. I p. npohsohth, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo- HSOHAleT, -yx, past nponsome'ji, npoh3omji a, -6, -H to happen Co MHOH npohsome'ji HHTepecHbia cayman. An interesting thing happened to me. ^TO 3Aecb nponcxo- AHT? What's happening here? STOFO 6ti HC npohsomjio, CCJIH 6u BLI 6ti- JIH octopohthh c orhcm. This would not happened had you been careful with fire. IIPOflTfl see IIPOXOAftTb npomb'iffljiehhoctb /. industry TflJKe'jian npomunuiehhoctb. The heavy industry. Jlernafl npommmjiehhoctb. The light industry. Pas- BHBaTb npomlimjiehhoctb. To develop industry. npomkimjlehh blfl, -an, -oe, -He industrial IIpOMHiBJieHHbiH ropoa- An industrial town. npomlimjiehhbih n,ehtp, paaoh. An industrial centre, region npoilajjaitb, -10, -emb, -K>T imp. Ip. nponacxb, nponaaly, -emb, -yx, past nponaji, -a, -o, -H 1. to be lost. V MCHH nponaji HOCOBOH njiatok. / lost my handkerchief. 2. to disappear. OH yme'ji Biepa Be^epOM H nponaji. He went away yesterday evening and disappeared. 3. to be wasted. BpeMH nponajio spa. The time has been wasted. <$ Bee nponajio! All is lost/ H nponaji. 7 am a lost man! HPOnACTb see HPOnAflATb IIPOnyCKA Tb, -K>, -emb, -K)T imp. K o r 6? H T o? / p. nponycihtb, nponym,y, nponycthmb, nponycxflt

120 npo 116 npo 1. to let through. TprisHoe CXCKJIO HJIOXO nponyckaex csex. A dirty glass lets the light through badly. 2. to let go before. IIponycKaxb AesyniKy Bnepe'A- To let a girl go before one. 3. to omit. Ilponycxrixb CJIOBO B AHKxaHxe. To omit a word in the dictation. 4. to miss. IIponycKaxb JICKIJHH. To miss lectures. nponyctfttb see nponyckatb IIPOCftTb, npomy, npocninb, npocax imp. K o r 6? HTO? o H e M? & -f p. inf. I p. nonpocaxb, nonpomy, nonpochuib, nonpocax to ask ripociixb xobapama o nomomh. To ask one's friend for help. Ilonpocrixb HOBIJH wyphaji y Apyra. To ask a friend for a new magazine. OH npociiji nac nponnxaxb pacckaa em,e pas. He asked us to read the story once more. Mti nonpocnjih, uxoobi OH nome'ji c namh. We asked him to go with us. npochvtbch see IIPOCblllATbCH IIPOCnEKT m. avenue DPOCTflTb see npoujvtb HPOCTflTbCH see npoiijatbch IIPOCT Ofl, -an, -6e, -we, short form npoct, npocia, npocxjo, -LI; adv. npocto; comp. npome 1. simple. IIpocToH npn66p. A simple device, npociafl aaaana. A simple problem. 3xo 6 l ienb npocxo c;j,ejiaxb. It is very simple to do. 2. ordinary. HpocxoH qejiobek. An ordinary man. 3. npocxo particle simply, merely, ff CKaaaJi axo npocxo xan. / said this for no special reason. 3xo npocxo nexoporao. It is simply not nice. UPOCTPAHCTBO neut. space EpocxpaHCXBo H spemh. Space and time. Be.iBOSAyniHoe npocxpahcxbo. A vacuum. npoctyflfttbch see HPOCT^HCH- BATbCH npocts^jkhbaitbch, -rocb, -embca, -IOXCH imp. / p. ^npocxyjjaxbch, npocryntycb, npocxy^hinbcfl, npocxy^hxcfl to catch cold OceHbH) JierKo MOJKHO npocxyahxbca. In autumn people catch colds easily. OH crijibno He caught a bad cold. HPOCTblHH /., pi. npocxbihh, npocxuhb, npocxtihhm, etc. bedsheet npocbina TbCH, -iocb, -enibch, -IOT- CH imp. I p. npocnlyxbch, -ycb, -enibch, -yxch to awake IIpocHyxbCH paho yxpom. To awake early in the morning. request OSpaxHXbCH c iipocbsoh. To make a request. Bbinojinnxb npdcb6y. To comply with one's request. V MCHH K BaM 6oJibmaH npocb6a. / have a HPOCbBA /. great favour to ask of you. HPOTHB prep. + gen. 1. opposite. GxottXb npoxne okha. To stand opposite the window. 2. ffgainst. BopoxbCH npoxna Bpara. To fight against the enemy. 3. against, in the opposite direction. WJJXH npoxhb Bexpa. To go against the wind. npoxjiaflhlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form npoxjiaaeh, npoxjiaahja, -o, -bi; adv. npoxjiaaho cool HpoxjiaAHbiH Benep. A cool evening. \predic. impers. CeroAHH na yjnme npoxjiaaho. It is cool outside today. IIPOXOJJflTb, npoxojky, npox6ahmb, npoxoaflt imp. / p. npohxw, npon- A y, -einb, -yx, past npome'ji, npoinji a, -6, -H 1. to move. IIpoHXH Bnepe'A. To move to the front. IIpOHxii no 3'jran.e. To go along the street. 2. to go through. Tlpoaxn qepea Jiec. To go through the forest. Jlyqii cojihha He woryx npoaxh CKBoab rycxyio Jincxsy. The sun's rays cannot penetrate the thick foliage. Paapeimixe nponxh. Will 3. you let me pass, please? to go past. IIpoxoAwxi, MHMO 3A3HHH. To go past a building. 4. to cover. ITpoaxH aa Aenb GoJiee 20 KHJioMexpoB. To cover over 20 kilometres a day. 5. to be over. 3nMa nponuia. The winter is over. ITpouuio ca. Three hours went by. xpn ^a- 6. to cease. FojioBnaa 6ojib nponuia. The headache has ceased. /JoHUb npome'ji 6ticxpo. It soon stopped raining.

121 HPO 117 nyc 7. to study. npoxo^iitb Kypc <J>H- 3HKH. To study a course of physics. Hpoxo/jMTb Kypc jieiehhh. To undergo treatment. IIPOHHTATb see HHTATb IIPOHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form npohgh, npo*ma, npohhjo, -bi; adv. 1. durable. HPOHHUH Maxepnaji. A durable material. 2. fig. strong, lasting. Hpo^HUH MHD. A lasting peace. Haina flpy>k6a npoiha. Our friendship is strong. npofflji bifl, -an, -oe, -He last B npouijiom ro#y. Last year. Ha npouuioh ne/jejie. Last week. EIPOIIJIA TI>, -K>, -einb, -KT imp. KO- TO? H T o? / p. npojcthtb, -my, -CTHT -CTlIinb, 1. to forgive. HpocTHTb HejioBep. To forgive a person. Ilpomaib oinriskh. To forgive one's mistakes. 2. IIpocTHTe Mena! Excuse me! sorry. TIpocTiiTe, BM ne snaexe, r#e HsaHOB? Sorry, do you know where Ivanov is? ripocxiixe, BLI ne ckjmexe, KaK npoexaxb B GoKOJibHHKH? Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to Sokolniki? IIPOmA TbCH, -K)Cb, -embch, -IOTCH imp. c KCM? c HCM? / p. npo - CTHTbCH, -njycb, -CTHinbCH, -CTHTCH, or nonpon;a TbCfl, -rocb, -embca, -IOTCH 1. to take leave. HonpomaTbCH c po^- HMMH nepe.it oxtesaom. To say good-bye to one's relatives before one's departure. 2. fig.: IIpOCTnTbCH C MCHT6H. To give up one's dream. <C> npomafi(ie)! Good-bye/ HPOHBftTb see HPOflBJlHTb npohbjlh Tb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. ^ T 0? / p. HDOHBHTb, npohbjiio, HpOflBHfflb, npohbht 1. to display. IIpOHBHTb HHTepec K TCMC. To display an interest in a subject. IIpoflBHTb BHHMa- HHC K ycnexam ^pyra. To show interest in one's friend's success. DpOHBHTb 3a66xy. To show solicitude. IIpOHBHTb CMCJIOCTb, repoh3m. To display courage, heroism. 2. to develop. IIpoflBHTb To develop a film. npb'ifaitb, -K), -eiiib, -IOT imp./ p. npbirhlytb, -y, -enib, -yt to jump IIpbirHyTb ^epea cxyji. To jump over a chair. HpbiraTb c 6epera B BO Ay. To jump from the shore into the water. EpbiraTb B fljiimy. To do a long jump. DpbiraTb B BMCO- Ty. To do a high jump, ripwraxb c napaoiiotom. To parachute. npb'irhytb see HPttrATb HPflMIOH, -an, -oe, -bie, short form nphm, nphma, nphm o, -bi; adv. nphmo 1. straight. IIpflMaa JIHHHH. A straight line. IIpflMaH flopora. A straight road. MAHTC BCC BpeMH npamo. Go straight on all the time* 2. only complete form through. IIpHMoe coosmehhe MejK^y ropoflamh. A through service between towns. 3. fig. frank. IIpHMOH OTBCT. A frank answer. HpHMOH xapaktep. A sincere character. GnasaTb npasay npamo B JIHU,O. To speak the truth to one's face. HPH TATb, -qy, -nenib, -^iyt imp. K o r 6? H T o? o T K o r 6? o T ^ e- ro?/p. cnpa TaTb, -ny, -nemb, -nyr to hide HpaTaTb CHHHKH OT pe6e'hka. To hide the matches from the child. np# TATbCH, -Hycb, -Henibcn, -nytch imp. OT KOTO? OT qer 6?/ p. cnph TaTbCH, -nycb, -qeuibch^ -nytch to hide IIpHTaTbrH OT sparob B Jiecy. To hide from the enemies in the woods. IITflIU /. bird IlTHn;bi jiexejih K rory. The birds were flying to the south. <> ^OMUIIIIIJIII nthii,a. (no pi.) Poultry. button SacxernyTb najibxo na BCO nyroone's coat. n^robh'qa /. BHiibi. To button up nycka Tb, -K), -IOT -enib^ imp./ p. nycthtb, nyin;y, nycthinb, nyc- THT 1. to let go. H HHKy^a Te6a He nymy! CKaaaJia MaTb. "/ won't let you go anywhere!" said the mother. Maxb He nyckajia ero ryjihtb. The mother would not

122 nyc 118 PAB let him go for a walk. MX nyc- THJIH B flom. They were let into the house. 2. to put into operation. nycxrixb ajiekxpocxahn,hio. To put an electric power station into operation. HycxHXb noea^. To start a train service. <> Elycxiixb Kopini. To take root. IlycTHXfa B XOA. To set in motion. llyckaxb n i.i.i i, B r.iasa. To show off. IiyCTfiTb see HYCKATb nyct Ofl, -an, -6e, -we, short form nyct, nycxa, nycxjo, -ti; adv. nyexo 1. empty. IlycxoH cxakan. An empty glass. 3an 6biJi nycx. The hall was empty. Ha yjraije SHJIO nycxo. The street was deserted. 2. fig. shallow. IlycxoH qejiobek. A shallow person. ITycxoH cnop. A pointless argument. nyctb'ihh /. desert nyctb particle let Ilycxb OH nphflex saexpa. Let him come tomorrow. Ilycxb scerfla 6yjjex cojranel May there always be sunshine! nytemectbhe neut. journey, voyage, trip KpyrocsexHoe nyxemecxbne. A round-the-world journey, nyxemecx- BHC no Mopro. A voyage. nyxeinecx- BHC B Espony. A journey to Europe. CoBepmHXb nyxeraecxbne no cxpane. To travel in a country. nyteidctb OBATb, -yio, -yemb, -yrox imp. to travel nyxemecxbobaxb no cxpane. To travel in a country. nyieniecxbo- Baxb no Mopro. To travel by H sea. JiioSjiK) nyxemecxbobaxb. / like travelling. m., gen., dat., prepos. nyxn, instr. nyxe'm; pi. nyxn, nyxen, nyxhm etc. 1. way. 3xox nyxb camhh K0p6x- KHH. This way is the shortest. 2. journey. BaM npeflcxorix xpyflhhh H onachwh nyxb. There is a difficult and dangerous journey ahead of you. 3. fig. way. KaKHM nyxem BH JiHCb xakhx peayjibxdxob? o6n- How such results? (in what way) did you achieve <> Bw CTOIITC ea nepiiom nyxii. You are on the right track. HAXH no IH'PHOMV nyxn. To go along the right road. CqacxjiHRoro ny- TH! A happy journey! OH samcji KO MHO no nyxh. He dropped in at my place on the way. Ho nyxh AOMOU n KVIHI.I raaexy. On my way home I bought a newspaper. Ha ofipaxnom On one's way back. nyxn. 1ILIJ1L /., prepos. B nujiii dust Cxnpaxb nbijib. To dust. IlbECA /. play 3xa nbeca HACX B xefixpe MaHK6s- CKoro. This play is on at the Mayakovsky Theatre. 3xy nbecy nocxabhji OXJIOHKOB. This play was staged by Okhlopkov. nbecti H6cena. Plays by Ibsen. Hbtflllbin, -aa, -oe, -He 1. drunk. 2. used as n. a drunken man. IlflTEPO num. five IlHxepo apyaeh. Five friends. IIHTHO neut., pi. naxna, naxen stain HepHHJibnoe HHXHO. An ink-stain. PABOTA /. 1. no pi. work. Tn>Ke'jiaH pa66xa. Hard work. Pa66xa ajiekxpo- CT&HIJHH. The work of the electric power station. 2. no pi. work, job. Hocxynnxb Ha pa66xy. To go to work. Iloxepnxb To lose one's pa66xy. job. HanxH pa66xy. To find a job. Hflxii Ha pa66xy. To go to work. 3. work. BticxaBKa pa66x xyflojk- HHKa. Exhibition of an artist's works. PAE<3TA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. 1. to work. OH pa66xaex xopomo. He works well. Pa66xaxb HHJKCnepOM. To work as an engineer. Pa66xaxb B HHcxnxyxe. To work at an institute. Pa66xaxb c HH- To work with interest. xepevom. 2. to work. Pa66xaxb naa cxaxbefi, Ha^ KHiiroH. To work at an article, at a book. 3. to work. ManiHHa pa66xaex OXJIHHHO. The machine works perfectly well.

123 PAB 119 PA3 <$ KTO He pasoxaet, TOT ee ect. He who does not work, neither shall he eat. PABOH HK m, gen. -ero worker PAEG^iMfl, -an, -ee, -ne 1. working. Pa66*nra KJiacc. The working-class. Pa66iee ABHJKC- HHe. The working-class movement. 2. working. PaSoqee spemh. Working hours. Pa6oHHH KOCTIOM. Working clothes. jjehb. Working day. cii.ia. Manpower. -afl, -oe, -He, short form pabhoaymeh, pabho- AyuiH a, -o, -H; adv. pabhoaynrao indifferent OH pabhoaynien K npnpoae. He is indifferent to nature. PABH blfl, -afl, -oe, -me, short form pabgh, pabhla, -6, -H equal. PaBHwe CHJIH. Equal forces. 2. equal. MH see SAecb pabhh. We are all equal here. 3. equal. /Jsa HJIIOC flba pasno ne- TLipeM. Two plus two is four. <> Mee see pamiu. It's all the same to me. -a, -o, -H short adj. KOMy? H e M y? & - - * n f (to be) glad fl BaM onehb pa#. / am very glad to see you. MH paah BaniHM ycnexam. We rejoice at your success. Pafl Bac BHAexb. I'm glad to see you. fl pa a, HTO BH nphimra. I'm glad you have come. neut. t indecl., no pl.^ 1. radio. H3o6peTeHHe pa^ho. The invention of the radio. IlepeAa- Baib no paaho. To broadcast. 2. radio. ITpOBecTH paano. To put radio (in a house). BKJUOTOTb To turn on the radio. aaho. To turn off the radio. CJiyinaTb paaho. To listen to the radio. 3 PAjJ OBATb, -yro, -yerab, -yiot imp. KOTO? HTO?//>. o6paa obatb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox to make glad Hac paayiot Bauin ycnexn. We rejoice at your success. Mena o6pa- AOBaJio TBoe nncbmo. 7 was glad to receive your letter. PAfllOBATbCH, -yiocb, -yembcfl, -yiotca imp. K o M y? H e M y?/ p. o6paa obatbca, -yiocb, -yenibcn, -yiotch to rejoice PaAosaTbcH Becne. To rejoice at spring. MH paayemch BaniHM ycnexam. We rejoice at your success. PAflOCTb /. joy, happmess y Mena 6oJibuiafl paaoctb. 7 have great joy. OH CKaaaJi MHC 06 DTOM c paaoctbro. He told me about it with joy. PAS m. 1. time. }Kn3Hb A^eTCH TOJibKO OAHH pas. Life is given to man only once. HecKOJibKO pas. Several times. 2. time. B nepbhh pas. For the first time. Ha BTOT pas. This time OAHH pas HAy no fl yjran,e... One day I was going along the street... <> KaK pas. Just. He pas. More than once. HM pasy. Not once, never. CCMB pas OTMepb, OAHH pas OTpe>Kb. Gf. Measure thy cloth ten times; thou canst cut it but once. PA3BHBA TbCH -rocb, -enibch, -IOTCH imp. I p. passntbcfl, paso6b Eocb, -enibcfl, -IOTCH 1. to break. CxanaH passnjicfl. The glass has broken. CxeKJio pas6n- Jiocb. The glass has broken. 2. to crash. GaMOJiex paasnjicfl. The plane has crashed. PASBflTb see BPITb PA3BflTbCfl see PASBHBATbCfl PA3BYAflTb see BYAflTb PA3BE emphatic particle really Passe JIeK^HH KOHHHJiacb? Has the lecture ended? Passe TH ne anaemb? Don't you know? PA3BEJHIKA /., gen. pi. -OK 1. prospecting. PasseAKa nojieshhx HCKonaeMHX. Prospecting for mineral deposits. 2.: BoSAynmafl passeaka. Air reconnaissance. 3.: BoeHHafl passeaka. Intelligence. 4. intelligence service. PaSoxa pas- B6AKH. The work of the intelligence service. PA3BHBA Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. - HTO?//>. pasbhtb, papobb K>, -IOT to develop

124 PA3 120 PAH PasBHBaxb namhxb. To develop one's memory. PaaBHBaib npomljiii- JienHOCTb. To develop industry. PasBiiBaxb MwcJib. To develop one's idea. PasBnsaxb CKOpocxb. To develop speed. PA3BHBA TbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. to develop PeSeaoK 6bicxpo pasbhbaexch. The child develops quickly. ripomtimjieh- HOCTb pasbhbaexcfl ycneumo. The industry is developing successfully. PASBflTHE neut., no pi. development Pa3BHxne npomwnijiehhocth, nay- KH. The development of industry, of science. PA3BfiTb see PASBHBATb PA3BftTbCfl see PA3BHBATbCH PA3rOBAPHBA Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp. o K 6 M? o H e M? CKCM? to speak PasrosapHBaxb c flpyrom no-pyc- CKH. To speak to a friend in Russian. PasroBapHBaxb o aahhinnx, o anakombix. To speak about one's PA3FOBOP m. lessons, about one's acquaintances. conversation MHxepecHbra pasrobop. An interesting conversation. PasroBop no xejietfxdhy. A telephone conversation. PA3^A BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp./ p. pa3,naxbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. paa^actch, paajja- #yxch, past pa3fl ajich, -ajiacb, -ocb, -neb to be heard PasflaJiCH 3BOHOK. A bell was heard. B^aJiH pas^aioich rojioca. Voices are heard in the distance. PasflaJicn ynap rpoma. A thunderclap was heard. PASflATbCfl see PAS^AfiATbCfl PA3,HEBA TbCH, -iocb, -enibch, -IOTCH imp. I p. pa3ae Tbcfl, -nycb, -Henibcn, -HyxcH to undress PasjteBaTbCH nepe^ CHOM. To undress before going to bed. Pa3fleBaa- Tecb, nowajiyhcta! Take off your coat, pleasel PAS^EJlflTb see JJEJlflTb PA3flETbCfl see PA3MfiP m. size PasMep 66yBH. The size of footwear. JIoKaHWTe, nomajiyncta, KOCTIOM 50-ro pasmepa. Show me a size 50 suit, please. PA3H bifl, -an, -oe, -He (sing, used rarely) 1. different, y HHX pasnue xapak- Tepu. Their characters are quite different. 2. different. JKnib B pasnux ropoflax. To live in different cities. 3. various. CxyfleHTbi pasnux nanhohajibhocieh. Students of various nationalities, ^ejieraxbi H3 pa3hux cxpae. Delegates from various countries. PA30flTftCb see PACXO^flTbCfl PA30PBATb see PBATb PA3PE3ATb see P3ATb PA3PEfflA Tb, -K), -euib, -rox imp. qxo? KOMy? &-}- inf. /p. paspemjhxb, -y, -Hinb, -ax to allow Pa3puiHXb 6oJibHOMy Bcxasaxb. To allow the patient to get up. PaspeniHxe npohxi'i! May I get past, please? Paspeninxe BOHXH! May I come in? PA3PEmftTb see PASPEfflATb PA3PyfflA Tb, -ro, -erab, -rox imp. T i x o?//>. pa3pym HXb, -y, -nnib, -ax to destroy PaspyuiHXb AOM. To destroy a house. PaspyniHXb ropofl. To destroy a city. PA3PyfflHTb see PA3PymATb PA3T>E3HA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CXCH, -IOXCH imp. Kyaa? oxkya?/p. pa3i,exaxbca, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. pa3t>e,u, exch, -yxcn to go away in different directions KaH^tiH ro/j cxyflenxbi pa3i>e37ks- IOXCH na KaHHKyjitr. Each year the students disperse for the holidays. PA3T>XATbCH see PAS'bESSKATb- Cfl PAflOH m. 1. region, area. 9xo o6mhphbih npomljmjiehhhh pahoh. It is a vast industrial area. 2. district (an administrative division). H JKHBy B JleHHHCKOM pahoee MOCKBH. / live in the Lenin district in Moscow. rocket Sanycxnxb panexy B KOCMOC. To PAKETA /. launch a rocket into outer space. PAH HTb, -ro, -Hrab, -HT Kor6? BO e M? imp. & p. to wound

125 PAH 121 PEB PaHHXb nyjien. To wound with a bullet. impers. EoHua pahhjio B py- Ky. The soldier was wounded in the arm. PAHIl Hfl, -HH, -ee, -HG early PaHHee yxpo. An early morning. PaHHne (JpyKXbi. Early fruit. PAHO adv., comp. panbme 1. early. Pano yxpom. Early in the morning. Bcxaxb pa HO. To get up early. Pa HO Jienb cnatb. To go to bed early. 3nMa nacxyniijia paho. Winter came early. H nphiue'ji pa HO, a OH erne panbnie. / came early, but he had come still earlier. H pano nayqhjich qnxaxb. / learned to read early. 2. predic. impers. (it is) early. 06e- Aaxb eme pano. It is too early to dine yet. Cefiqac pano. It is early HCM now. paiibinc, T6M jiyqnie. The earlier, the better. PAHbfflE adv. before Panbiiie OH 6biJi ApyrHM. He was different before. PACCEPflflTJbCH see PACCKA3 m. CEPflflTbCH 1. story. PaccKas MaJibHHKa MCHH BSBOJiHOBaji. The boy's story moved me. 2. story. MnxepecHbra paccnda. An interesting story. C66pHHK pac- CKaaoB. A collection of stories. PACCKA3ATB see PACCKA3BIBATB PACCKA3blBA Tb, -10, -enib, -IOT H T 0? K 6 M? O H 6 M? imp./ p. pacckaaaxb, pacckawy, pacckajkeuib, paccka>kyt to tell PaccKaaaTb HCTOPHIO. To tell a story. PaccKasaib o Apyre, o JKHBHH. To tell about one's friend, life. PaccKa- 3WBaTb CKaaKH A6THM. To tell fairytales to children. PACCTOHHHE neut. distance PaCCTOHHHe MCJKfly ^ByMH TOHK3MH. The distance between two points. PaCCTOHHHe OT MoCKBbl flo JICHHHrpaaa. The distance between Moscow and Leningrad. Dpoexaib 6ojn>ni6e pacctohhhe. To cover a long distance. PACTAflTb see TAHTb PACTEHHE neut. plant PACT fl, -y, -erab, -yx, past poc, -Jia, -jio, -JIH imp. /p. Bbipacx H, -y, -euib, -yx, past Bbipoc, -Jia, -Jio, -JIH 1. to grow..zjepebbh pacxyx Me#- JieHHO. Trees grow slowly. 2. to grow up. MaJibHHK poc B AepeBne. The boy grew up in the countryside. 3. to grow, to increase, to rise. Haui ropoa pacxex. Our town is growing. VpoBenb JKHSHH pacxex. The living standard is rising. 4. to grow. BaHanbi pacxyx na lore. Bananas grow in the south. PACXOJJftTbCH, pacxojkycb, pacxo- AHuibCH, pacxoaflxch imp. /p. paaonxhcb, pasohalycb, -enibcn, -yxcn 1. 1st and 2nd pers. sing not used to disperse. PasoaxHCb c co6pauhh. To disperse after the meeting. The people were slowly dispersing. 2. to differ. Paaonxucb BO BarJiH- Aax. To differ in opinion, to disagree, y nero cjioba He pacxoflhxch c ASJIOM. His words and deeds are never at variance. 3. to divorce. Pasouxiicb c My>KeM (c JKCHOH). To divorce one's husband (one's wife). PB ATb, -y, -euib, -yx, past psaji, psajia, pbajijo, -H imp. HXO? 1. p. copb axb, -y, -emb, -yx to pick. Psaxb nibexbi. To pick flowers. 2. p. pasopbjaxb, -y, -erab, -yx to tear (up). Psaxb 6yMary, rasexy. To tear paper, a newspaper. \\ fig. to break off. Paaopsaxb oxhoinehhh. To break off relations. PEEEHIOK m., gen. -Ka; pi. pe6axa & ACXH; gen. pe6nx & ACXCH child 3AOpOBMH pe6e'hok. A healthy child. PEBOJIK)IJHOHH blfl, -an, -oe, -ue 1. revolutionary. PeBOJiK)H.HOHHoe paso^ee ABHJKCHHe. The revolutionary working-class movement. PeBOJiiouHOHHaH xeophh. A revolutionary theory. 2. revolutionary. PeBOJiiortHOHHoe paabhxne. The revolutionary development. PEBOJ1IOIJHH /. revolution

126 PEA 122 POfl av -an, _ 06t _ He; comp. pe>ke 1. (ani. rycx6n) thin. PGAKHG s6- JIOCH. TViin feafr. Pe^KHH Jiec. A thin wood. 2. (ant. qacto) rare, seldom. PeflKO 6oJiexb. To be seldom ill. 3. rare. PeAKHe Mexdjuibi. Rare metals. PeAKan KHHra. A rare book. PeflKHH cayman. A rare case. P3ATb, pe~jk y, -enib, -yx imp. ITO? 1CM? 1. on/y imp. to cut. HO>K n;i6xo pejkex. The knife cuts badly. 2. p. oxpeaaxb, oxpe>k y, -emb, -yr to cut. Peaaxb xjie6 HOKOM. To cut bread with a knife. Oxpeaaxb KycoK xjie6a. To cut off a slice of bread. 3. p. paapeaaxb, paapemly, -erab, -yx to cut, to carve. Paapeaaxb Kypnny. To carve the chicken. P3K Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form peaok, peaka, peak o, -H 1. shrill. PeaKHH BBYK. A shrill sound. PeaKHH TOJIOC. A shrill voice. 2. harsh. PeaKHH qejiosek. A harsh person. OH 6biJi peaok co BC^MH. He was harsh to everybody. 3. adv. abruptly, suddenly. IIoeaA peako ocxahobhjich. The train stopped suddenly. PESYJlbTAT m. result Peayjibxaxti ODBIXOB. The results of experiments. IIoJiyHHXb xopooihe peayjibxaxbi. To get good results. ^ocxhhb xopomnx peayjibxaxob. To achieve good O B results. pesyjibtfixe. As a result. PEKA /., ace. peny, pi pekh, pen, penam, etc. river IHnpOKaH peka. A wide river. rijibixb no peke". To sail along the river. Ha 6epery pekh. On the river bank. PEMOHT m., no pi. repair PeMoex 66yBH. Shoe repairs. OTflaxb B pemohx. To have (something) repaired. C^Jiaxb pemohx KBapxnpti. To redecorate one's flat. eyelash /JjiHHHbie peciihuu. Long eyelashes. republic restaurant 06eaaxb B pecxopaee. To have dinner at a restaurant. PECHflIJA /. PECIlSnBJlHKA /. PECTOPAH m. PEIJEIIT m. prescription Hanncdxb peonx. To write out a prescription. FIoJiyHHXb jiek^ipcxbo no peu6nxy. To have a prescription made up. PEH b /., gen. pi. -6n 1. speech. JKiiBan penb. Living speech. 2. speech. Bucxynnxb c p6qbro. To make a speech. ^Peib ajxe't o TOM, (itosbi)... The point is... O5 3TOM lie MOJKCT GLITI* H peni. It is out of the question. PEfflA Tb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. HTO? & _j_ inf. I p. pera HXb, -y, -Hmb, -ax 1. to decide. MH pemnjih HOHXH B KHHO. We decided to go to the cinema. OH peuraji exaxb. He decided to go. 2. to solve. Peuiaxb Baflaqy. To solve a problem. Pemaxb B^TKHbie Bonpocbi. To solve important questions. PEfflfcHHE neut. 1. decision. IIpaBHJibHoe pem^hhe. The right decision. IlpHHHXb pemehhe. To take a decision. 2. solution. Pemenne BanmoH npo- 6jieMbi. The solution of an important problem. PEfflflTb see PEfflATb PHC m., no pi. rice Vpowan pirca. Rice crops. MHCO c pncoif. Meat and rice. PHC OB.4Tb, -yio, -yerab, -yiox imp. K o r 6? H x o? H e M? / p. Hapncjo- B^xb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox to draw Pncosaxb KapaHAaniOM na 6yMare. To draw with a pencil on paper, PncoB^xb flom. To draw a house. POfiH bifl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. p6bho 1. smooth. PoBHaH flop6ra. A level road. IlHcxb pobho. To write a smooth hand. 2. fig. smooth, equable. P6BHHH r6jioc. A smooth voice. POBHHH xapakxep. An equable temper. 3. adv., used as particle sharp. H nphfly POBHO B xpn. m come at three sharp. m., pi. poflw, poflob 1. prepos. B po^y family, kin 2. prepos. B pofly birth, stock, origin; generation 3. sort, kind. BcflKoro pofla. All kinds of.

127 123 <> B CBOCM poe. In its (his, her, etc.) way. HTO-TO B DTOM poffe. Something of the sort. PO^HHA no /., pi. mother country Samara poahhbi. The defence of one's mother country. Htob na poflhhe. To live in one's country. EHCLMO c POAHHH. A letter from one's mother country. POflftTEJI H no sing., gen. -en parents IIoMoraTb poflhtejihm. To help one's parents. Hteb c poflhxejihmh. To Hue with one's parents. PO# fttbcfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH imp. & p., past -HJICfl, -HJl acb, -OCb, -H,Cb & -HJijacb, -ocb, -HCb (only p.) 1. to be born. H poflhjich B 1930 rojjy. / was born in fig. to occur. V MCHH poahjiacb HfleH. An idea occurred to me. POflH 6fl, -H, -6e, -tie 1. related by blood or affinity. POA- HOH 6paT. A brother. PoflHaa TCTKa. An aunt. 2. native. POAHOH Kpan. Native land. POAHOH HSHK. Mother tongue. 3. used as n., pi. PoflHbie. Relatives. POflCTBEHHHK m. relation ^ajibhhh poactbchhhk. A distant relation. BJIIISKIIH poactbennnk. A near relation. P03KJJEHHE neut. birth flem> pojkachhh. One's birthday. II03ApaBJIHK) B3C C H6M po' Many happy returns of the day. rose P03A /. Kpacnan poaa. A red rose. poa. A bunch of roses. P(330B blh, -an, -oe, -HO pink PoaoBoe njiaxbe. A pink dress. POJlb /., pi. pojin, pojien part BwyHHTb pojib. To learn one's part. Mrpaib pojib PaMJieia. To play the part of Hamlet. <> HrpaTb BaacHyio pojib (B ICM-.IHOO). To play an important part (in something). 3TO He nrpa- 6T pojie. This is of no consequence. POMAH m. novel McxopHHecKHH pomah. An historical novel. OnySJiHKOBaib pom^h. To publish a novel. Asrop pomana. The author of a novel. POCT m. 1. growth. POCT paciehhh. The growth of plants 2. growth. POCT ropoaob. The growth of cities. POCT npomhmjiehhocth. The growth of industry. 3. stature. HeJioseK BticoKoro pocxa, cpejjhero pocta, HHSKOFO pocta. A person of large stature, of medium stature, of small stature. POT m., gen. pta, prepos. BO pty mouth Bo pty OH flep>kji nannpocy He had a cigarette in his mouth. POHJIb m. (grand) piano HrpaTb na pofljie. To play the piano. PYBAmiKA /., gen. PL -en shirt; chemise BeJiaa py6anraa. A white shirt. Ho^Hafl py6a"nika. A nightgown, a night shirt. pyfijl b m., gen. -H rouble JJsa py6jia. Two roubles. IlflTb pysjieh. Five roubles. B py6jie CTO KoneeK. A rouble contains one hundred copecks. <0> He HMeft CTO py5jiefi, a nsieii CTO Apyaefi (proverb). It's better to have a hundred friends than a hundred roubles. PYrAjTb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? 3 a H T 6? / p. o6pyra Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT to scold pyr^jin 3a njioxoe no- The boy was scolded for bad behaviour. PVKA /., ace. pyny; pi. pynn pyk, etc. hand, arm SyKaM, esafl pyka. The left hand (arm). IIpaBan pyna. The right hand (arm)..zjepjkatb B pyne. To hold in one's hand. OH nowaji en pyny H ymeji. He shook hands with her and left. -$> HMeTb sojiotbie pykh. To be master of one's work. MacTep ea see PVKII. Jack-of-all-trades.,Q[epcaTb ce6a B pynax. To control oneself. BpaTb ce6a B pykh. To pull oneself together. HTH noa pyky. To walk arm-in-arm. BpaTb nofl pyky. To take somebody's arm. PVKOH no^uth. It's a stone's throw (from here)

128 PYK 124 Maxnyxb pykoii na KOFO-.IMOO, qto-jifc6o. To give up somebody, something. 3-ro B iiamiix pyicax. It is in our hands. l>pan> B CBOH PVKII. To take into one's hands. EbiTb (les Koro-.iHoo, Mcro-juido KaK 6ea pyk. To be quite helpless without somebody, something. PYKAfi m., gen. -a sleeve KopoxKHe pykasa. Short sleeves. pykoboafltejlh m. leader PyKOBOIAftTb, -wy, - -AHinb, Aax imp. K e M? q e M? to direct, to run, to lead PyKOBO^uxb pa66xoh. To direct the work. PyKOBO^HTb JHOflbMH. To lead people. PyKOBOflHTb aasoaom. To run a plant. PtfCCKIHfl, -an, -oe, -He 1. Russian. PyccKHH Hapo^. The Russian people. PyccKan nphpojja. The Russian countryside. PyccKHH H3MK. The Russian language. 2. used as n. Russian. MM pycckhe. We are Russians. /., gen. pi -CK 1. handle. Py<ma flbepn. A doorhandle. 2. pen. Ilncaxb py^koh. To write with a pen. PB'IBA /. 1. fish. B akbapnvme njiasajin paa- HHe pu6h. Various fishes were swimming in the aquarium. 2. collective fish. JIoBHTb pw6y. To catch fish. 3. collective fish. }KapenaH pbi6a. Fried fish. <> HII pw6a HH MIICO. Neither fish nor flesh. PI>IH OK m., gen. -Ka 1. market. KOJIXOSHLIH PLIHOK. A collective- farm market. HpOflaBaxb $pyktbi Ha phhke. To sell fruit in a market. 2. market. MnpOBOH PMHOK. The world market. PHfl m., prepos. o (B) pfle & B pny; pi. pha" 1. row. PHA AOMOB. A row of houses. PHfl JiiOAea. A line of people. IlepBbiH pn,n napi6pa. The first row of the stalls. CnfleTb B nepbom pflfly. To sit in the first row. 2. a number (of). OH npuseji u,6- JIIJH PHA npumepob. He gave quite a number of examples. B pa^e cjiyqaeb 370 xak. In a number of cases it is so. <> BbiTb B nepebix pn^ax. To be in the forefront. adv. 1. nearby. MaraawH iiaxoahtch pa- AOM. The shop i? nearby. 2. by. Gxofixb PHAOM c 6paxoM. To stand by one's brother. C prep. I- +8 en - C, c 1. off, from. Baaxb KHHry c HOJIKH. To take a book off the shelf. 2. from. BepnyxbCH c pa66xu. To come back from work. 3. from. G yxpa #o Be x iepa. From morning till evening. G pairanx Jiex. From one's early years. 4. from. IlepeBecxH c pycckoro H3HKa Ha ( >pahhy3ckhh. To translate from Russian into French. + instr. 1. with. HejioBeK c nopx< )ejiem. A man with a brief-case. Bpax G cecxpoh. The brother and the sister. FoBopMXb c npysbhmh. To II. speak to one's friends. Bcxpe"- xnxbch c xobaphmamh. To meet one's friends. 2. with, and. K6$e c MOJIOKOM. Coffee and milk. 3. with. Pa66xaxb c yflobojibcxbhcm. To work with pleasure. G\ioxpexb $HJibM c HHxepecoM. To see a film with interest. CAJJ m., prepos. B cafly & o cae; pi. caflti garden ^OM CXOHJI B caay. The house stood in a garden. OpyKXOBMH caff. An orchard. BoxaHH4ecKHH ca^- Botanical garden. <> ^etckhfi can.. A kindergarten. CA flfltbch, -Htycb, -flwuibcn, -JIHXCH imp. K y fl a? & + inf. I p. cecxb, ca^ly. -eiiib, -yx, past ceji, -a, -o, -n 1. to sit down. Cafltixbcn na cxyji. To sit down on a chair. Gecxb aa cxoji. To sit down to table.

129 CA5K 125 CBE 2. to get on, in. CaAHXbcn B B abxomo60jib. To get on a train, in a motor-car. 3. to set (to work). Cecxb 3a pa66- Ty. To set to work. 4. to set. Cojraue caahxca. The sun is setting. CA3KA Tb, -to, -curb, -IOT KOTO? qxo? KyAa? imp. /p. nocaawxb, nocajky, nocaahnib, nocaahx 1. to put, to place. HocaAiixb nxnny B KJiexKy. To put the bird into a cage. 2. to plant. Cawaxb nbexbi. To plant CAJIAT m. flowers. 1. lettuce. GBC>KHH cajiax. Fresh lettuce. 2. salad. CaJiax na orypnpb, H3 no- MHAOPOB. A cucumber salad, a tomato salad. CAJI<DET KA /., gen. pi. -OK napkin *lhcxah cajicjtexka. A clean napkin. ByManmaH caji<$exka. A paper napkin. H6jib30BaxbCH caji<j>exkoh. To use a napkin. CAM, cam a, ramo, camh pron. 1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. He naao MHO noinoraxb, H cam Bee CAeJiaio. Don't help me, I'll do everything myself. 2. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. OH cam FOBO- PHJI 06 axom. He himself told me that. CAMOflEHTEJIbHOCTb /., no pi. amateur talent activities Hocib. Amateur theatricals. Be^ep camojieflxejibhocth. An amateur concert. CAMOJlET m. aeroplane Jleieib na camojieie. To go by air. PeaKTHBHHH camojiet. A jet plane. CAMOOBCJiy5KHBAHHE neut. selfservice CaMoo6cjiy?KHBaHHe B CTOJIOBOH. Self-service in a cafeteria. Maraaan camooscjiyjkhbahhh. A self-service shop. CAMOCTOflTEJlbHIBIfl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. camoctohiejibho independent, self-dependent CaMOCTOHTeJibHan pa66xa. Independent work. GaMOCTOHTeJibHbiH ne- JIOBCK. A self-dependent person. }KHTb camoctofltcjibho. To live independently. OH camoctohiejibho H3ynaeT pycckhh fl3hk. He studies Russian by himself. CAM blfl, -ah, -oe, -bie pron. 1. the very. 3xo KHifra, KOiopyio Tti HCKaJi? Ra, 3TO xa camafl KHiira. "Is this the book you were looking for?" "Yes, that's the very book." 2. very. Maraaan HaxoAHicn B ca- MOM KOHqe yjinnti. The shop is at the very end of the street, fl snaji axo c camoro naqajia. / knew it from the very start. 3. most. CaMMH xopouihh. The best. CaMMH KpaCHBtiH ropo^. The most beautiful city. ' <> B caiom Aejie, OH npae. As a matter of fact, he is right. MM AyMajiir, OH OOJICH, a na camom Aejie OH 3AopOB. We thought he was ill, but in fact he is all right. CAXAP m. sugar KnjiorpaMM caxapa. A kilogramme of sugar, ^an c caxapom. Tea with sugar. CEOPHHK m. collection CGopHHK CTaxeii. A collection of articles. CBAJJbBA /., gen. pi. CBaAe6 wedding Bece'jiaa CBaA^Sa. A merry wedding. Btixb na CBaAbSe. To be present at a wedding. IIpasAHOBaxb csaabsy. To celebrate one's wedding. <> 30 cbaab6bi 3a>KiiBeT (proverb). It'll have healed before your wedding. CBAPflTb see BAPflTb CBE5K Hfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form CBejK, CBewa, cbe>k e, -H; adv. csejko 1. fresh. CfleJKee MFICO. Fresh meat. CBe>KHe n;bexbi. Fresh flowers. CfieJKHe ^pykxti. Fresh fruit. GBe>KHe 6Bom;H. Fresh vegetables. 2. fresh. CBeJKHH BOSAVX. Fresh air. Ha CBeJKeM BOSAyxe. In the fresh air. 3. cool. CBeJKee yxpo. A cool morning. predic. impers. csemol It's cool today/

130 predic. CBE 126 CBfl 4. fresh. CB&KHe rasexbi. Fresh newspapers. <> BpaxbCH aa pa66xy co CBCWIIMH CHJiaMH. To tackle the work with renewed strength. CBEPKA Tb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -rox imp. / p. CBepK- H yxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -yx to flash, to sparkle B ne6e csepkhyjia MOJIHHH. Lightning flashed in the sky. Mope csep- KHJIO. The sea was sparkling. CBEPKH^Tb see CBEPKATb CBEPXy adv. \. oxkyfla? from above. Ceepxy yn^ji KaMGHb. A stone fell from above. Cinoxpexb csepxy BHHB. To look down. 2. r^e? on the surface. TKnp njiasaex csepxy. Fat floats on the surface. CBET 1 m., no pi. 1. light. CojmeiHbiH csex. Sunlight. 2. light. 3a?Ke~Hb CBex. To switch on the light. IIoracHTb CBGX. To switch off the light. HocMOXpexb na CBCX. To look (at something) against the light, ^nxaxb npn csexe jiamdh. To read by lamplight. <> Yieebe CBGT, a Heyienbe TbMa (proverb). Cf. He that neglects learning in his youth, loses the past and is dead for the future. CBET 2 m., no pi. world IlyxemecxBHe BOKpyr csexa. A journey round the world. CBETftTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. CBCXHX, CBCXHX CojiHije flpko CBCX MX. The sun is shining brightly. CBfcTJl bifl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. CBCXJIO 1. light. GsexjiaH KOMHaxa. A light room. impers. Ha yjraije CBCXJIO. It is light in the street. 2. light. CBCXJIMH KOCXIOM. A light suit. 3. fig. lucid. CBCXJIBIH VM, CBexnaa rojiosa. A lucid mind. CBHAAHIIE neut. appointment, meeting O. To go to keep an appointment. HasHannxb HHe. To make an appointment. <> AO CBHAaHna! Good-bye! ^o CKoporo CBUA^HHH! See you soon/ CBOEOJJA /. 1. only sing, freedom. Eopb6a sa CBO- 66fly. Struggle for freedom. 3aBoe- Baxb CBo66fly. To win freedom. 2. freedom. GBo66a rjiosa. The freedom of speech. CBo66^a ne- ^axh. Freedom of press. CBOEOflHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form cbo66,qeh, CBo66flH a, -o, -H; adv. CBo66flHO 1. free. CBo66flHiiH Hapo^. A free people. 2. only complete form free of charge. CBo66flHHH BXOfl. Free admis- 3. adv. fluently. H CBo66flno rosopia no-ahrjihhckh. / speak English fluently. 4. vacant. CBo6oAHoe MCCXO. A vacant seat. 3xo MCCXO CBo66flHO? Is this seat vacant? Free time. 5. free. CBoSo/jHoe BpeMH. CeronHH BeiepOM H CBo66A6H. / am free tonight. CBOfl, CEOH, CBoe, CBOH pron. one's (own) H H#y K CBoeMy xoeapumy. / am going to my friend's. OH na^eji CBOH KOCXIOM. He put on his suit. H npochji xobapuma nphhecxn MHO CBOK) KHHry. 7 asked my friend to bring me his book. property CBOflCTBO CBfl3ATb neut. see CBHSblBATb CBH3bIBA Tb, -ro, -eiiib, -rox imp. KOTO? HXO? C KCM? CHC M?/ p. CBfl3axb,cBHJKy,CBHjKenib, 1. to tie together. CBaaaxb BepeBKy c apyroh. To tie one rope to another. 2. fig. to involve. 3xo CBHaano c 6ojibniHMH xpyahocxhmh. This involves great CBfl3b /. difficulties. 1. tie. VKpenjiflxb CBHBH c Hap6a- MH Bcex cxpan. To strengthen the ties with the peoples of all countries. 2. communication. Tejierp&^naH CBH3b. Telegraph communication. 3. connection. <0 B CBH3H C T6M, qto... //

131 cro 127 CEP connection with... B CBHSH c OTIIM... In this connection... CrOPfiTb see FOPETb CflA BATb, -K>, -eiiib, -K>T imp. HTO?/ p. CflaTb, CA3M, CAafflb, CflaCT,, -a, CAaji o, -n 1. to return. C^aTb KHHry B 6n6- jihoxeky. To return the book to the library. 2. to let. CflaBaTb fla^y, KOMHaiy. To let a summer cottage, a room. 3. to take. CflaBaib 8K3aMeHH. To take examinations. see /., no pi. change caaiy. To get some change, j^aib 10 KoneeK caa*hh. To give 10 copecks change. CflEJIATb see flejiatb CflEPJKATb see fle15katb, CEBH 2 pron., no ncm.\ gen., ace. ce6h, dat., prepos. ce6e, instr. co66n myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself; ourselves, yourselves, themselves npnmacbtb K cede ^OMOH. To invite to one's place. B #opory H B3HJI C C060H MBIJIO, nojlotchi^e H 3y6nyK> m,e'tky. / took soap, a towel, and a toothbrush with me on my trip. PaGoTaib y ce6fl floma. To work at home. <$> MnT8Tb npo cecn. To read to oneself. BMHTB us ce6. To be beside oneself. llpiiiith B ce6fl. To come to one's senses. CEBEP m., no pi. 1. north. CaMOJiex jierat na cesep. The plane is flying northward. K cesepy OT qero-jih6o. North of some place. 2. north. JKBTb na cesepe. To live in the North. CEBEPH blfl, -an, -oe, -bie north(ern) CeBepHfJH Beiep. A north wind. CeBepHtiH DOJIIOC. The North Pole. [-B6-] adv. today 6y^eT #o?k;jb. It will rain today. CeroAHH yxpom. This morning. CeroflHH BenepoM. Tonight. CErO^HHmiI Hfl, -HH, -ee, -ne today's GeroAHflmHHH raaeia. Today's newspaper., -an, -6e, -He, short form cefl, ce^a, ceflu 1. grey. Gertie BOJIOCH. Grey hair. grey-haired. Ce^on cxaphk. A grey-haired old man. CEflHAC adv. 1. now. CeHHac H qybctbyio ce6h xopomo. Now I feel well. Cen- ^ac HflCT ypok. A lesson is in 2. progress now. right now. H cenqac nph/jy. I'll come right now Cen^ac JKO HAH CK>Aa! CeHHac! "Come here at once!" "Just a moment!" CEKPETAP b m., gen. CEK^HAA /. second -A secretary ftse cekyh^bi, DHTB cekyn^. Two seconds, five seconds. $>- CHIO cekyn^y! Just a moment! CEJlO neut., pi. ce'jia village CEJlbCK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He country, village CejibCKan MeciHOCTb. Country locality. CejjbCKan JKH3Hb. Country life. CejibCKHH Bpan. A country doctor. <$- CejibCKoe xoaflhctbo. Agriculture. CEMbH /., pi. cembh, cemen family.zjpyjkhah cembh. A united family. y MCHH 6ojibman cemba. / have a large family. CEHTHBP b m., gen. -A September SaBipa nhtoe cehtfl6pn. Tomorrow is the fifth of September. B cen- Tfl6pe y Hac eme xenjio. // is still warm in September in our parts. CEPflEHHlblH, -an, -pe, -tie, short form cep/jeqeh, cep^ehh a, -o, -H; adv. cepaeqno cordial ITepeflaib cepflenntih nphbex. To give one's warmest regards. Cep^eH- HbiH npne'm, cep^ehhan oscxahobka. A cordial reception, a cordial atmosphere. CEP,0;fiT bifl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form cepaht, -a, -o, -H; adv. cepahto angry CepflHTHH qejiobck. An angry person. H cepflht na Hero. / am angry with him. CepAHTHH BarJiflfl. An angry look. CEPftftTbCH, cep>kycb, cepffhrnbca, cepahtch imp. H a K o r 6? Ha HTO? / p. paccepahtbch,

132 CEP 128 CHJI paccepwycb, paccep^hinbch, paccepflhxcfl to be angry He cepahcb! Don't be angry! Maxb paccepahjiacb Ha cbma aa onoaaa- HHG. The mother was angry with her son for being late. CfiPjmiE neut., pi. -a, cepnen,, cepan,am, etc. 1. heart. V nero 6ojibHoe cepah,e. He has a bad heart. 2. fig. heart. OH qejiobgk, y nero aojioxoe He is a wonderful man, he has a heart of gold. <0 IIosflpaBjiflTb OT Bcero cep^qa. To congratulate with all one's heart. ToBopHTb OT ihcxoro cepjnja. To speak from the bottom of one's heart, y MCIIH ee JICJKHX K oxomy cepume. / have no liking for this. CEPEflftHA /. middle CepeAKHa npyra. The centre of a circle. B cepe^hhe Jieca. In the middle of the forest. Gepe^HHa Jie- Ta. The middle of the summer. CfiP bifl, -an, -oe, -bie grey CepbiH KOCXIOM. A grey suit (costume). Cepue rjiaaa. Grey eyes. CEPbE3H bifl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form cepbeaen, cepbeanja, -o, -bi; adv. cepbb'ano 1. serious. GepbeaHbia HeJiOBBK. A serious person. 2. serious. Cepb&maa KHHra. A serious book. Cepbeanaa MyatiKa. Serious music. GepbliaawH paarobop. A serious talk. GepbeaHO aa^ywatbch. To think seriously. 3. serious. Cepbeanoe nojiowehhe. A serious situation. Gepbeanafl 60- JieaHb. A serious illness. CECTPA /., pi. cecipbi, cecxep, cecrpam, etc. 1. sister. GTapraaa cecxpa. Elder (eldest) sister. MJiaAinafl cecxpa. Younger f youngest) sister. PO.H- Haa cecxpa. A sister. ^BOiopo^Han cecxpa. A cousin. 2. nurse. Me^ni^HHCKaH cecxpa. A (hospital) nurse. CAAflTbCH CECTb see CE HTb, -K), -euib, -IOT imp. qxo?/ p. noce flti>, -K), -euib, -rox to sow GeHTb nrnehhqy, Kynypyay. To sow wheat, maize. C5KEHb see 5KEHb 1. adv. behind. OH men caa^h. He was walking behind. 2. prep, -f- gen. behind. Gaann floma 6biJi cafl. There was a garden behind the house, fl CHfleji caa^h mo^epa. / was sitting behind the driver. -wy, -AHHib, -AHT imp. 1. to sit. GnABTb na anbane, na cxy- Jie. To sit on the divan, on a chair. 2. to stay. IJeJibiH A^Hb OH cnfleji O^HH. He stayed at home alone the whole day. <> Cnexb Ha race y Koro-JiH6o. To be on somebody's hands. Cimexb CJiowa PVKH. To sit idle. CflJU /. 1. strength. HenoBeK 6ojibuioH $HaniecKOH CHJIM. A man of great physical strength. 2. power. CHJia cjiosa. The power of the word. CnJia nphbu^kh. Force of habit. 3. usu. pi. forces. Boopymennbie CH- JIH. The armed forces. GHJIU MHpa H nporpecca. The forces of peace and progress. 4. force. CwJia XHJKCCXH. Force of gravity. <> Eemaxb nao BCCX cn^r. To run as fast as one can. JJeJiaTb qxojih5o qepea chjiy. To force oneself to do something. H ne B CHJiax caejiaxb 3x0. / am unable to do that. 3xo CBbirae MOHX CHJI. This is beyond my powers. Mne 3TO ee no CHJiy. This is beyond my powers. 3xo B iiaunix cii.iax. We are able to do that. CflJlbH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form CHJieH, CHJIbHa, CHJIbHO, CHJIbHM; adv. CHJIbHO 1. strong, powerful. GwJibHbiH qejioj B6K. A strong man. CrijibHbiH BaptiB. A powerful explosion. CHJibHO yaaphxb. To hit a heavy blow. fig. Ero pe*n> nponasejia Ha MCH chjibnoe BneqaxJienne. His speech made a strong impression on me. V Hero chjibnaa BOJIH. He is a man of strong will. 2. loud, severe. CifjibHbiH uiym. A loud noise. GHJibHbiH Mopoa. Severe frost.

133 CHH 129 CKY CflH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He blue CHHee Mope. Blue sea. CHirae rjiaaa. Blue eyes. CHPOTA m. & /., pi. cnpoxbi orphan OH ocxajica cnpotoh. He became an orphan. <C> KpyrjibiS cnpoxa. A complete orphan. CKASATb see FOBOPfiTb CKA3 KA /., gen. pi. -OK fairy-tale HappflHbie CKasKH. Folk tales. -GK bench CKAME flka /., gen. pi. Ciiflexb Ha ckamehke. To sit on a bench. CKATEPT b /., gen. pi. -efi tablecloth EeJiaH ckaxepxb. A white tablecloth. IIocxejiHXb CKaxepxb. To spread a table-cloth. GTOJI nokptix KpacHBOH CKaxepxb K). The table is covered with a beautiful table-cloth. CKBEP m. public garden B CKBepe nrpajin jjexn. Children were playing in the public garden. CKB03B prep. -f acc % through CKBOBB jracxby 6wjio BHAHO ne6o. The sky was visible through the foliage. <> CMOTpeTb Ha qto-jihso CKBO3b iia.iiiiiu. To close one's eyes to something. CKOJIb3K Hfl, -an, -oe, -ne; adv. CKOJib3KO slippery CKOJibSKHH noji. A slippery floor. \predic. impers. Ha yjihn,e CKOJibSKO. It is slippery outside. CKOJIbKO how much, how many GnojibKO HenoBeK nphffljio? How many people have come? GKOJibKO CTOHT 3Ta KHHra? How much is this book? CKOJIbKO BpeMeHH? What time is it? GKOJibKO BaM Jiex? How old are you? HocMOTpHTe, CKOJIbKO 3A6Cb KpacHBLix i^betob! Look what a lot of beautiful flowers there are here! <> CKOJIbKO rojiob, CTOJIbKO ymob. As many men, as many minds. CKOPEE 1. comp. of adv. ckopo 2. adv. rather, sooner. OH CKOpee ynpex, IBM npnanaet CBOIO omh6kyi He will rather die than admit his mistake! <> CKopee Bcero 9x0 THK. Most likely it is true. CKGPO adv., comp. CKopee soon CKOpo HacxynnT secna. Spring will come soon, fl CKOpo npn^y. I'll come soon. IIpHXOAH CKopee! Come sooner! KaK MOJKHO CKopee. As soon as you can. CKOPOCTb /. speed Exaxb c 6ojibinoH ckopocxbio. To drive at a high speed. CKOP blfl, -an, -oe, -He 1. fast. CKOPBIH noes^. A fast train. CKOpan nomonib. First aid. 2. soon, ^o CKOPOH Bcxpe^n! See you soon! Ro CKOporo cbhaahhfl! See you soon! CKPflnjKA /., gen. pi. -OK violin Hrpaxb Ha CKpHnKe. To play the violin. CKPOMH bifl, -an, -oe, -tie; adv. CKpOMHO 1. modest. CKPOMHBIH qejiobek. A modest person. CKPOMHO Becxn ce6a. To behave modestly. 2. moderate. CKpoMHbie ycnexii. Moderate success. CKPbIBA Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. nxo? ox KOTO? ox qer 6?/ p. CKpHXb, CKpojio, -enib, -rox to conceal GKpHBaxb BarJiHAH. To conceal one's views. OH CKpwBaex, HXO niimex CXHXPI. He conceals the fact that he writes poetry. CKPbIBA TbCH, -iocb, -embcfl, -IOXCH imp. r ff e? ox KOTO?/ p. CH, ckpo Kcb, -embch, -IOXCH 1. only imp. to hide. ox HOJIHIJ;HH. To hide from the police. 2. to escape. HpecxynHiiK CKPLIJICH. The criminal escaped. 3- to disappear. Hoeaji; CKptmcH BflaJiH. The train disappeared in the distance. HejiOBeK CKpbiJiCH sa yrjiom. The man disappeared round the corner. CKPblTb see CKPblBATb CKPb'ITbCH see CKPblBATbCH CKYHAITb, -ro, -enib, -rox imp. no K o M y? no H e M y? to miss, to be lonesome CKynaxb no POAHXCJIHM. To miss one's parents. GKynaxb no To be homesick.

134 fig. CKY 130 CJIO, -an, -oe, -bie, short form CKynen, ckyqha, CKynH o, -H; adv. CKyHHO 1. dull. CKyqnbiH nejioeek. A dull man. 2. boring. CKyHHbrii pasrobop. A boring conversation. 3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) bored. Mne CKy*mo. I am bored. CJIAE blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form cjia6, cjia6a", cjia6 o, -H; adv. cjia6o 1. weak. CJiaSbiH nejiobek. A weak person. CJiaSbra y#ap. blow. CjiaSoe cep^ne. A feeble A weak 2. heart. fig. weak. CjiaSan BOJIH. weak will. CJiaSbiH xapaktep. A weak character. <> 3xo ero cjiasoe MecTO. It's his weak point. CjiaSaa A feeble hope. imaen^a. CJlABA /., no pi. fame; glory FpOMKan cjiasa. Great fame. K H6My npniujia CJiasa. He has become famous. CJiasa nokopirrejihm KOCMOcal Glory to the conquerors of Space! CJlABH blh, -an, -oe, -tie fine, nice OH cjiabhbih napenb. He is a fine fellow. CJlAjJKlHfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form cjia/jok, cjiaaka, cjia,o;k o, -H; adv. ; comp. cjiame sweet H6JIOKO. A sweet apple. Han. Sweet tea. \ CJiazj- Kan yjiti6ka. A sweet smile. CJIEBA adv. (cf. HAJlEBO, 2) to (on) the left GJiesa OKHO, cnpasa jisepb. On the left is a window, on the right is a door. CJiesa OT MCHH cn^eji MOH ciaptih flpyr. On my left sat an old friend of mine. CJIEJJ m., pi. cjieflw 1. track. CjiejjH Ha cnery. Tracks on the snow. MATH no cjie^am. To follow in the tracks. 2. gen. -a trace. Cjie^H Traces of paint. KpacKH. 3. fig. trace. CJie^H BOHHU. The traces of the war. <0> OcxaBHTb cjie. To leave a trace. HcqesHyxb 6ea CJieffa. To disappear without leaving a trace. CJIEI^flTb, -my, -AHnib, -AHT imp. aa KCM? sa HCM? 1. to follow. CjiejjHTb aa ABH^eHHCM cnyxhhka. To follow the movement of a satellite. 2. to have an eye (on). CJie^HTb aa HOBHHKaMH jihtepaxypii. To have an eye on the latest publications. 3. to watch. CjieflHTb aa sparom. To watch the enemy. CJlEftOBATEJIbHO con;, therefore, consequently A pabho B, cjieflobaxejibho B pas- HO A. A equals B, therefore B equals A. CJIEJJYIOimHfl, -an, -ee, -He next B cjienyiomhh paa. Next time. Ha cjie/jyiomhh flehb. On the next day. CJIE3A /., pi. cjiesbi, cjiea, cjieaam, etc. 1. t^ar. no ee Jinn;y TCKJIH cjiesu. Tears were streaming down her face. 2. pi. tears. ToBopiiTb ckboab cjieabi. To speak through tears. <> O6*iiAHO AO cjies. It is enough to make one cry. CMCflTbca flo cjiea. To laugh until one cries. GjiesaMH ropio no iiomo/konir> (proverb). Cf. It's no use crying over spilt milk. CJIEHlOfl, -an, -oe, -we blind Cjienofi MaJibHHK. A blind boy. too CJlflHIKOM adv. Tbi noemb CJIIIHIKOM rpomko. You are singing too loud. <> 3xo (yhx) CJIHIIIKOM! That's really too much! CJIOBAP b m., gen. -H dictionary, vocabulary AHrjio-pyccKHH cjiobapb. An English-Russian dictionary. Op$orpa- ^HqecKHH cjiosapb. A spelling dictionary. TOJIKOBHH cjiobapb. An explanatory dictionary. CJIOB O neut., pi. -a 1. word. Hjiunuoe CJIOBO. A long word. Xopomne cjiosa. Good words. 2. speech. CBo66#a cjiosa. Freedom of speech. 3. only sing, remark. SaKJiiOHHTejib- Hoe CJIOBO. Concluding remarks. IIpeflOCTaBHTb CJIOBO. To give the floor. 4. only sing. word. C^epwaxb CJIO- BO. To keep one's word. J\ait>

135 CJIO 131 CME CJIOBO. To give one's word of honour. 5. word. POM&HC na cjioba flyni- KHHa. Romance, words by Pushkin. $ Ho cjiosam 6paxa. According to one's brother. PaccKaaaxb CBO- HMH CJIOBUMII. To tell in one's own words. BepnTb Ha CJIOBO... To take somebody's word for... CflejiaTb no nocjieflheitfy cjio- By UaVKH H T6XHHKH. To do something according to the last word in science and technology. B flsyx cjiosax. In a nutshell. CJlOJKH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form CJIOJK6H, CJIOJKHa, CJI05KHJO, -bi; adv. CJIOJKHO 1. complex. CJiOHmafl Mannraa. A complex machine. 2. complicated. CjiojKHaa A complicated task. oscxahobka. Difficult situation. Bee 3TO oienb CJIOJKHO. This is all very complicated. CJIOMATb see JIOMATb CJIOMATbCH see JIOMATbCH CJIOH m., gen. -a elephant m., gen. -ero employee cjiy>ky, cjiy?khihb, cjiyimp. 1. KOMy? nemy? to serve. GJiy- JKHTb napofly. To serve one's people. CjiyJKHTb Aejiy MHpa. To serve the cause of peace. 2. r A e? K e M? to serve, to work. CjiyJKHTb B apmhh. To serve in the army. CJIVJKHTI, B 6aime. To work in a bank. CJiyjKHTL 3KO- HOMHCTOM. To work as an economist. 3. q e M? to be. CJIVJKIITB nphmepom AJIH flpyrnx. To be an example for others. CJIYX m. hearing y pe6e*hka xopomnn cjiyx. The child has a good ear. MystiKaJib- HLIH cjiyx. A good ear for music. CJI^HAfl m. incident CJiynan H3 H3HH. An incident from life. <$ HecqacTHbifi cjiy^afi. An accident. Ha BCHKHH cjiy^aii a 3aiiiica;i ero ajipec. / wrote down his address just in case. B OT- AejibHbix cjiyqaflx 6xo BOSMOHC- 9* HO. In some cases it is possible. B TOM cjiyiae, ecjiii a 3a6o- JI6IO, 3BOIIHTC MH6 flomoh. In case I fall ill, ring me up at home, iln B KOGM cjiy^ae. On no account., -an, -oe, -me; adv. accidental ornn6ka. A slip, a fortuitous mistake. CJiy^aiiHO Bcxpe- THTBCH. To meet by accident. CJiyHA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -etch, -IOTCH imp. c K e M?//>. cjiyq HTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -axcfl to happen HTO cjiyhhjiocb? What's happened? Co MHOH cjiy^hjiocb Hecnacibe. / have had a misfortune. CJiyHflTbCH see CJiyHATbCfl CJiyiHAITb, -K), -enib, -IOT imp. KO- TO? HTO? 1. to listen. BEHMaxeJibHO cjiymaib MyabiKy. To listen to music attentively. 2. to attend. CJiymaTb JieKijHH (Kypc JICKIJHH). To attend lectures (a course of lectures). 3.: H CJiymaio! Hallo! Yes! CJI^HIAITbCH, -iocb, -enibch, -IOTCH imp. K o r 6? H e r 6? / p. nocjiyma xbch, -rocb, -enibcn, -IOTCH to obey PeGenoK ne cjiymaetch MaTepn. The child won't obey his mother. IIocJiymaHCH Menfl! Listen to me! Do as I tell you! CJlKini ATb, -y, -iinib, -at imp. K o- r 6? q T o? o K 6 M? o *i e M?/ p. ycjimm atb, -y, -iiinb, -at ' 1. to hear. HJIOXO cjibiniatb. To hear badly. H cjiwiny Te6a. / can hear you. 2. to hear. Mw cjibimajih 06 BTOH HOBOCTH. We heard about that news. MH cjibiinajih, HTO OH npnflet sabtpa. We heard that he would come tomorrow. CJIb'IfflHO KOTO? HTO? predic. impers. (it is) heard Mne ne CJIHHIHO Te6n. / can't hear you. 3,n;ecb xoponio cjibimno. One can hear well here. CMEJI blh, -an, -oe, -bie, short form CMeji, cmcjia, CMeJi o, -bi; adv. CMCJIO 1. brave. GMejibiH HeJiOBen. A brave

136 CME 132 CIIII man..zjeacxbobaxb CMBJIO. To act bravely. 2. fig. bold. CMeJioe pemenae. A bold decision. CMeJiaa H^ea. A bold idea. CMfiHA /. 1. succession. CMena AHH H HOHH. Succession of day and night. 2. fig. successors. JJexn nama CMena. Children are our successors. 3. shift. y^nxbch B nepbyio CMCny. To go to school in the first shift. PaSoxaxb B ^HeBHyio CMGny. To work in the day shift. <> IIpHHTH ea cmeny KOMy-jiM6o. To succeed (relieve) somebody. CMEPTb /., pi. CMepiH, CMepiea, CMepxHM, etc. death <C> Ilacxb cmepxbio repon. To die the death of a hero. 3xo uonpoc JKM3IIH H CMepxn. This is a question of life and death. HafloecTb fl6 CMepxn. To bore to death. CMEX m., no pi. laughter TpOMKHH CMCX. Loud laughter. <> IIOAHflXb Ha CM6X KOrO-JIHfio. To make fun of somebody. CMEmH Ofl, -an, -6e, -we, short form CMeraoH, CMenra a, -6, -H; adv. CMemHO 1. funny. CMenraon paccnaa. A funny story. 2. ridiculous. OH 6biJi CMemon. He was ridiculous. 3. predic. impers. (it is) funny. MHC CMeniHO. It makes me laugh. CME HTbCfl, -K)Cb f -einbch, -IOTCH imp. naflkem? naff HGM? to laugh Bee rpomko CMeaJincb. Everybody laughed loudly. H CMeaJica na^ CJIQ- BaMH 6paxa. / laughed at my brother's words. CMOTPfiTb, CMOipro, CMOTpnnib, CMOT- PHT imp. q T o? or H a K o r 6? a ^H q T 6? BO ^ T 6? / p. nocmotpeib, nocmoxpro, nocmotpnuib, nocm6xpht 1. to look. CMOxpexb na TOBapnma. To look at a friend. GMOip^Tb B OKHO. To look out of the window. 2. to see. CuoxpeTb < >HJibM. To see a film. Gwoxpexb cnekxakjib. To see a performance. 3. only imper. to look out. GMOxpH- (xe), He ono3flah(xe)l Look out t don't you be late! <> CMOxpexb cbbicoka Ha Koro-JiH- 60. To look down on somebody. CMOxpexb ckbosb na.u,u,m (na MTO- JiH6o). To close one's eyes (to something). CMOHb see MOHb CMYTflTbCH see CMym.4TbCH CMymA TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -WXCH imp. /p. cmylxhxbch, -mycb, -XHrab- CH, -XHXCH to be embarrassed OH Bflpyr o^chb CMyxHJicH, nokpac- HeJi. He was suddenly quite embarrassed and flushed. CMblCJI m., no pi. meaning, sense IIoHHXb CMMCJI costixhh. To understand? the meaning of events. B nojihom CMbicjie cjiosa. In the true sense of the word. B nphmom (ne- PCHOCHOM) CMMCJie. In the literal (figurative) sense. B BXOM Hex CMMCJia. There's no sense in that. There is no Hex CMWGJia HXH xy^a. sense in going CHAHAJIA there. adv. 1. at first. GeanaJia H c xpy#6m nohhmaji pycckyio pe^tb. At first I understood spoken Russian with difficulty. 2. from the beginning. HoBxopHxe cna^ajia. Repeat from the beginning. HHiaaxe cna^ana! Read from the beginning! CHEr m., prepos. o cnere & B, Ha cnery snow CaJibHbiH CHer. Heavy snow. Kpy- TOM see B cnery. All around is covered with snow. Ha cnery GMJIH BHAHM cjieflu 3Bepen. There were tracks of animals on the snow. H^ex cner. It is snowing. Hfle'x CHJibHbiH cner. It is snowing hard. CHEL3Y adv. o x K y fl a? from below Cwoxpexb CHHay BBepx. To look upward. CHfiMA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. KOr6? qxo?//>. cnnxb, cnhmy, CHH- Memb, chpimyx, past CHHJI, -a, CHHJI O, -H 1. to take (from). CffHXb KHnry c nojikh. To take a book from the shelf. Gnnxb najibxo c semajikh. To take one's coat from the peg. 2. to take off. Cnnxb manky,

137 CHO 133 COB H, SOXHHKH. To take off one's hat, gloves, boots. 3. to Shoot. CHHXb KHHO$HJIbM. To shoot a film. again CHOBA adv. CnoBa nphmjia 3HMa. Winter came again. CHflTb see CHHMATb COEAKA / dog COEHPA Tb, -K), -emb, -KT imp. KO- TO? HTO?//?. cospaxb, co6ep y, -emb, -yx, past cospaji, co6pajia, co6paji o, -H 1. to collect. Co6paxb semn B #opory. To collect one's things for a journey. Co6paxb JUOACH. To assemble people. 2. to gather. Co6paxb ypoman. To gather in the crop. 3. imp. to collect. Co6npaxb KHHFH, MapKH. To collect books, stamps. Co6paxb KOjiJieKUHio, 6n6jiHOTeKy. To make a collection, a library. 4. to put together. Co6paxb Moxop, MaiHHHy. To put together an engine, a machine. COEHPA TBCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOXCH imp. I p. co6paxbca, co6ep ycb, -embcfl, -yxcn, past cosplajica, -ajiacb, -Jiocb, -jihcb 1. to gather. VHacxmiKH KOH^Gpenn,HH co6pajracb B sajie. Those taking part in the conference gathered in the hall. CoSnpaiox- CH xy^h. Clouds are gathering. 2. to decide, to intend. MH co- 6pajincb HOHXH na BbicxaBKy. We decided to go to the exhibition. COBPAHHE neut. 1. meeting. TopmecxBeHHoe co6pa- Hne. A ceremonial meeting. HA- TH na co6pahhe. To go to a meeting. IIpHcyxcxBOBaxb Ha co6pahhh. To be present at a meeting. CoGpanne COCXOHXCH BO BxopHHK. The meeting takes place on Tuesday. 2. collection. GoGpanne cohhhehhh. A collection of works. COEPATB see COEHPATB COBPATBCH see COEMPATBCH COECTBEHHOCTB /., no pi property FocyAapcxBeHHaa codcxbehhocxb. State property. Hacxnan c66cxb6h- HOCTB. Private property. coscxbohhocxb. Personal property. CoScxBeHHOCXb Ha 36MJIK). Ownership of land. CGECTBEHHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 1. own. C66cxB6HHHH AOM. One' s own house. 2. self-. HyBcxBO c66cxb6hhoro ^ocxohhcxba. Self-respect. COEIilTHE neut. event HcxopH^ecKoe cocbixne. An historic event. MejKflynapOAHoe An Co6biXHe. international event. B Mnpe npo- HCXO^HX Ba>KHbie co6bixhh. Important events are taking place in the world. COBEPfflAlTB, -H), -einb, -iox imp. HXO?//?. cobepmjnxb, -y, -nmb, -ax to perform, to accomplish GoBepmnxb no^bhr. To accomplish a feat. GoBepmHXb nyxemecxbhe. To make a journey. CoBepmnxb noes^ky no cxpane. To tour a country. GoBepmiixb npecxynjiehhe. To commit a crime. COBEPmKTB see COBEPHIATB COBECTB /., no pi. conscience HHCxan cosecxb. A clear conscience. <> Ho cobectii robopa. Honestly (speaking). m. advice Oxe^ A&JI cosex Cbiny. The father gave his son a piece of advice. LJen- HbiH cosex. Valuable advice. Bjiaro- Aapaxb aa COBCX. To thank for advice. OSpaxHXbCH aa cosexom K cne- COBET 1 n,hajihcxy. To turn to a specialist for advice. EH He HyjKHti Bamn co- Bexbi! She doesn't need your advice! COBET 2 m. council, Soviet BepxoBHbiii Gosex CGCP. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR. GoBex MHHHCxpOB.Tfo Council of Ministers. COBET OBATb, -yro, -yenib, -yiox imp. K o M y? + inf. / p. nocobex obaxb, -yio, -yenib,'-yiox advise jto Cosexyio sam nponnxaxb axy KHHry. 7 advise you to read this book. COBET OBATBCH, -yiocb, -yembca, c KCM?/P. nocobe- -yioxch imp. xlosaxbch, -yrocb, -yembca, -yroxcfl to ask advice GoBexoBaxbca c poflhxejihmh. To ask advice from one's parents. COBETCK Hfl, -an, -oe, -HO 1. Soviet. CoBexcKaa BJiacxb. Soviet power. CoBexcKoe npabhxejibcxbo.

138 COB 134 C03 The Soviet Government. Co- B6TCKHH Cows. The S oviet Union. 2. Soviet. CoBexcKne aabo^li. Soviet plants. CoBexcKHe cnen,hajiiic- TH. Soviet specialists. CoBex- CKBH HayKa. Soviet science. conference COBEIIjAHHE neut. CoBemaHHe rjiab npabhxejibcxb. A conference of the heads of States. y^actbobaib B cobemaehh. To take part in a conference. IIpHcyxcxBO- Baxb na cobemahhh. To be present at a conference. COBPATb see. BPATb COBPEMEHH blft, -an, -oe, -He modern CoBpeMeHHoe HCKyccxBO. Modern art. CoBpeMeHHaa xexnhka. Modern technology. CoBpeMeHHbin npo- MMniJieHHLiH ropoa- A modern industrial city. COBCfiM adv. 1. quite. OH COBCCM MaJienbKHH. He is quite small. 2. in negative constructions not at all. TBI COBCGM ne ymeenib njiaeaxb. You cannot swim at all. COBX03 m. state farm riepeaoboh COBXOS. A foremost statefarm. ^npekxop cobxoaa. The director of a state farm. COrjlACEH, corjiach a, -o, -H short adj. 1. Ha qxo? ready. H corjiacen exaxb BMecxe. / am ready to go with you. OH corjiacen Ha BCC. He is ready for anything. 2. c K e M? c H e M? agreeable. H corjiacen c BaMH. 7 agree with you. MM ne corjiacmj c XBOHM MHCHHeM. We don't agree with your opinion. H corjiacna. 7 agree. COrjIACflTbCH see COrJIAfflATBCH COrJlAinA TbCH, -rocb, -enibcfl, -IOXCH imp. c KBM? c H6M? &-}- inf. I p. corjia CHXbCfl, -mycb, -ciimbch, -CHXCH 1. to agree. OH corjiaciijica BHnoJiHHXb axy pa66xy. He agreed to do that work. 2. to agree. GorJiacHXbca c xosaphmem. To agree with a friend. GorjiacnxbCH c npeajiowehhem. To agree to a proposal, fl corjiachjicfl c xem, HXO OH ckaaan MHe. 7 agreed with what he told me. COrJIAIHEHHE neut. agreement ToproBoe corjiamehae. A trade agreement. 3aKJiK)HHXb corjiamehhe c ApyniMH cxpanamh. To conclude an agreement with other countries. <$> llpiiiitii K corjiamehhio. To come to an agreement. COFPETb see TPETb CO^EPHAHHE neut., no pi. contents PaccKaaaxb coaephtanne KHHFH. To tell the contents of a book. COEAHHflTb see COEJJHHflTb COEflHHflTbCfl see COE^HHUTbCfl COEAHHUjTb, -K), -emb, -iox imp. HXO? c T iem?/p. coe^hhliixb, -ro, -HIHfe, -HX 1. to connect, to link. Coe/jHHHXb ABa ropo^a HteJieanon floporon. To connect two cities by a railway. 2. to combine. GoeAHHHXb xeopnro c npakxhkoh. To combine theory with practice. COEflHHH TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -IOXCH imp. Ip. coeflhh HTBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -HXCH to join together, to unite ApMHii coeahbhjihcb na paccbexe. The armies joined together at dawn. HpoJiexapnH scex cxpan, coe^h- HHHxecb! Workers of the world, unite! C03#A BATb, -16, -emb, -rox imp. H x o?//?. C03fl;axb, COSASLM, cosaamb, COSAaCX, C03A3AHM, C03AaAMX6, CO- SAaflyx, past cosaaji, cosaajia, co- 3AaJi o, -H to create CosAaxb HOByio xeopnio. To create a new theory. CosAaxb xopomne ycjiobhh Rna. pa66xbi. To provide good conditions for work. C03^A fiatbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -IOXCH imp. / p. cosaaxbcfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. cosaacxcn, COSAS- AyxcH to be created CoaAaioxcH HOBbie njiaiiu. New plans are created. CosAaJiocb cepbea- Hoe nojtojkehhe. A serious situation has been created. CO3flATb see CO3flABATb C03,HATbCH see C03^ABATbCH

139 C COP C03HAHHE neut. 1. consciousness. Hoxepaxb coaha- HHe. To lose consciousness. Etixb 6es coshahhh. To be unconscious. 2. philos. consciousness. BHTHC onpeflejiaet coahanne. Being determines consciousness. 3. understanding, sense. GoanaHHe AOJira. Sense of duty. C03HATEJIbH blft, -an, -oe, -He; adv. coahaxejibho 1. conscientious. CosnaxejibHoe ox- HomeHHe K pa66xe. A conscientious attitude to one's work. Co3HaxejibHtiH qejioben. A conscientious person. 2. deliberate. OH c^ejiaji 310 cosnaxejibho. He did it deliberate- COflTH 'see CXOJjflTb 1 COflTfiCb see CXOflftTbCH COJIJjAT m., gen. pi. cojiaax soldier CMenbiH cojiflax. A courageous soldier. OxpH# cojmax. A detachment of soldiers. COJIEH blfl, -an, -oe, -bie 1. salt. CojieHbiH cyn. Salt soup. 2. salted. Cojienbie oryputi. Salted cucumbers. COJIHAAPHOCTb /., only sing, solidarity CojiHflapnocTb TpyAflnjHXCH Bcex cxpan. Solidarity of the workers of the world. COJIHEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -bie 1. sun, solar. CojraeHHbiH csex. Sunlight. CoJiHennaH cncxema. The solar system. Cojmeqnoe aaxmehhe. An eclipse of the sun. 2. sunny. CoJineHHtiH flenb. A sunny day. COJIHIJE [coh^e] neut. 1. Sun. Ox SeMJiH 30 Connna cxo nnxbftechx MHJIJIHOHOB KHJIO- MexpOB. It's 150 million kilometres from the Earth to the Sun. 2. sun. Cojraije CBBXHX HPKO. The sun is shining brightly. 3. sun. JleJKaxb na cojrane. To lie in the sun. COJlb /. 1. only sing. salt. Xjie6 c cojibio. Bread and salt. 2. salt. GOJIH KaJibnHH. Calcium salts. <0> XjieS-cojib. Bread and salt (symbol of hosjpitality). Bcxpeqaxfa xjiesom-cojibh). To welcome somebody with bread and salt. B qew 3Aecb COJIL? What's the point? COMHEBA TbCH, -rocb, -einbch, -roxcn imp. B K o M? B H e M? to doubt CoMHeBaxbCH B ycnexe. To doubt one's success. He comhcbaxbch B flpyre. Not to doubt one's friend. Mbi ne comhefiaemch, HXO BH BLIHOJI- HHxe 3xy aa^aqy. We have no doubt that you will carry out this task. COH m., gen. cna 1. only sing, sleep. OH cnnx npen- KHM CHOM. He is fast asleep. OH yjibi6ajich BO cne. He smiled in his sleep. 2. dream. H BH^eji BO cne cboero xobapnm;a. / dreamt of my friend. Euy cnnjincb xopomne CHH. He had pleasant dreams. COOBmAjTb, -ro, -emb, -lox imp. H X 0? K M y? O K 6 M?. coo6ni; iixb, -y, -iiinb, -ax to report Coo6m;HXb HOBOCXH ^pyabhm. To tell the news to one's friends. Tase- XLI coo6m;aiox 06 ycnenihom Bbinoji- H6HHH HJiana. The newspapers report the successful fulfilment of the plan. Ho paflho coosmiijin, ^TO Hainn cnopxcmehbi Bbicxynnjin ycnenmo. The radio reported that our sportsmen had achieved good success. COOEmEHHE neut. 1. announcement, communication BaJKHoe coosmehne. An important announcement (communication). flenaxb coo6mehne. To make an announcement. 2. communication. Hyxif coo6m;e- HHH. Ways of communication. IIpHMoe coo6in,ehhe. A through service. COOBD^flTb see COOBIIJATb COHPOTHBJIEHHE neut., no pi. resistance Onasaxb conpoxebjienne npoxhb- HHKy. To offer resistance to the enemy. COPEBHOBAHHE neut., no pi. 1. emulation. 2. competition. GnopxHBHbie copes- Sports competition.

140 COP 136 COLJ CopesHOBaHHH no jibbkam. Skiing competition. VnacTBOBaTb B copebhobahhhx. To take part in a competition. COPEBH OBATbCH, -yrocb, -yemb- CH, -yioicfl imp. c KCM? c HGM? to emulate, to compete Ham aasofl copebhyeicn c cocejj- HHM npejjnpnhthem. Our plant competes with a nearby enterprise. COCE/J m., pi. -H, -en neighbour.zjpyjkhbie coceflh. Friendly neighbours. COCEJJHIHfl, -HH, -ee, -He neighbouring, adjoining CoceAHHH KOMHaxa. An adjoining room. CoceflHHe ^epebhh. Neighbouring villages. COCHA /., pi. COCHM, COCCH pine-tree BbicoKan cocea. A tall pine-tree. <0 3a6jiyAHTbCH B Tpe'x cocnax (proverb). Cf. To lose one's way in broad daylight. COCTAB m. composition CociaB KOMaHflH. The composition of a team. <0> JJ ejierannfl B cocxase DHTH ^ejiobek. A five-member delegation. COCTABHTb see COCTABJlHTb COCTAB JlH Tb, -K), -enib, -K>T imp. H T 0? / p. COCTa BHTb, -BJIK), -BHfflb, -BHT 1. to make (up). CocxaBHTb CHHCOK yqacthhkob. To make a list of participants. GocxaBHTb Kaiajior KHHF. To make a book catalogue. 2. to form. CocraBHTb onpeaeneh- Hoe MHCHHe. To form a definite opinion. <> CoCTHBHTb KOMIIUIIIIIO KOMy-Jlft- 60 (colloq.). To keep somebody company. no pi. 1. condition. 3KOHOMimecKoe cocxo- HHHe cipahti. The economic situation in a country. BojibHOH B THHteJiOM COCTOHHHH. The patient is in a critical condition. CociOflHHe #eji. The state of affairs. 2. fortune. Kpynnoe coctoflnne. A large fortune. <> H H6 B COCTOflHHH IIpO;(O.i;KUTI> pasrobop. / am unable to continue our conversation. COCTOHHHE neut., COCTO fltb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HT, -ax imp. 1. H 3 KOTO? H3 nero? to consist. OpKCCIp COCTOHT H3 H3- B6CTHHX MySHKaHTOB. The orchestra consists of well-known musicians. 2. B HCM? to consist in. 3aaqa COCTOHT B TOM, HT06bI 6bICTpO The task is to quickly master progressive methods. COCTOlHTbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH p. to take place Co6paHHe coctohjiocb B sajie. The meeting took place in the hall. D,HH H6 COCTOHTCH H3-3a 60JIC3HH JieKTOpa. The lecture will not take placc owing to the lecturer's illness. COCymECTBOBAHHE neut., no pi. co-existence Mripnoe cocym;ectbobahhe. Peaceful co-existence. COCHHTATb see CHHTATb, 1 COT HH /., gen. pi. -en hundred COTHH JiiofleH npimijih na HJIOm;aa;b. Hundreds of people came to the square. Tpn COTHH py6jieh. Three hundred roubles. COXPAHflTbCH see COXPAHIlTbCH COXPAHH TbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CTCH, -IOTCH imp./ p. coxpah HTbca, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HTCH, -HTCH 1. to be preserved. Grapan KapTHna xopomo coxpannjiacb. The old picture was well preserved. H6JIOKH XOpOmO COXpaHHJIHCb B Hm,HKe. The apples had kept well in the box. 2. to survive. HeKOTOpue o6bman coxpahhjincb ^o CTapue Hamnx flhch. Some old customs have survived up to our time. COlJHAJlfl3M m., no pi. socialism COIJHAJIHCTflHECKIHfl, -an,] -oe, -HO 1. socialist. ConnajiHCTifaecKafl pe- BOJiK>n;HH. The socialist revolution. COHHaJIHCTHHeCKHe CTpaHH. The socialist countries. 2. socialist. ConnajiHCTHqecKoe OT- HomeHHe K Tpy^y. A socialist attitude to work.

141 cou; 137 cno COIJHAJIbH blfl, -an, -oe, -tie 1. social. ConnajibHoe nojiowemie. Social status. 2. social. ConHaJibHaH PCBOJUOHIIH. A social revolution. ComiaJiBHBie pe&opmbi. Social reforms. COHHHEHHE newt. 1. work. HoJiHoe cospanne co^n- HGHHH A. G. EymKHHa. The complete works of A. S. Pushkin. 2. composition. CoqHHeirae o TBOp- HecTse IlymKHHa. A composition on Pushkin's works. Haira- CTB co^hhchhe na flannyio TCMy. To write a composition on a given subject. COK)3 m. 1. union. Coroa pa66*mx H Kpec- TBHH. The union of workers and peasants. 2. alliance. BoeHHtra coios. A military alliance. 3. union. Coroa COBCTCKHX CoijHajracTHHecKHX PecnySnHK. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 4. union. IIpo<$eccHOHaJiBHBiH COIOB. A trade union. CIIAJIIbHH /., gen. pi. -en bedroom CIIACA Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. KO- TO? HTO? OT K o r 6? OT q e r 6? or KOMy? HTO?//?. cnac TH, -y, -emb, -yx, past cnac, -jia, -Jio, -JIH to save Bpaq cnac H(H3HB SojiBHOMy. The doctor saved the patient's life. CHACA TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -K>TCH imp. OT KOTO? OT Her 6?/p. cnac THCB, -ycb, -einbch, -yxch, past cnacjcfl, -JiacB, -JIOCB, -JIHCB to save oneself, to escape JlexqnK easa cnacca OT CMepTH. The flyer barely escaped death. JKHTCJIH cnacajincb OT sparob B jiecy. The inhabitants fled from the enemy to the forest. CnACflBO thank you Cnacn6o 3a HHCBMO. Thank you for the letter. Cnacn6o sa coset. Thank you for your advice. BoJiBmoe cnacn6ol Thank you very much indeed! CHACTfl see CnACATb CIIACTflCb see CHACATbCH CIIATb, cnjik), cnnmb, CHHT, past cnaji, -a, cna;i o, -H imp. to sleep CnaTB BCK) HO^IB. To sleep the whole night. KpenKO cnatb. To sleep soundly. <> OH cnaji, KaK ysntwh. He slept like a log. CHEKTAKJIb m. show HHTepecHBiH cnektakjib. An interest.ing show. TejieBHSHOHHtra cnek- TaKJiB. A television show. CneK- TaKJiB BojiBmoro Teaxpa. A Bolshoi Theatre show. HpHcyTCTBOBaTB na cnektakjie. To be present at a show. CIIETb see IIETb CHEUiHAJIbHOCTb /. profession, speciality HyjKnaa cnen;hajibhoctb. A necessary profession. PejjKan c^e^hajib- HOCTB. A rare profession. OH no cnen;hajibhocth HHJKenep. He is an engineer by profession. OIEIJHAJIbHlbJfl, -an, cnen,hajibho -oe, -Bie; adv. 1. special. Cnen,Hajn>HaH o.n;ejkaa^ Special clothes. 2. professional. CneniiaJiBHoe 06- pasosahhe. Professional training. 3. special. OH c^ejiaji 310 cnen;hajibho AJIH MCHH. He did that specially for me. CHEmiflTb, -y, -HHIB, -ax imp. K y A a> & + inf. 1. to hurry. CneimtrB JJOMOH. To hurry home. OH cneiuiiji naniicatb po^pitejiflm o CBOHX BnenaT- JieHHHx. He was in a hurry to write to his parents about hisimpressions. 2. to gain, to be fast. ^acbi cnemat na 5 MHHyT. The clock zs 5^minutes fast. CIIHHA /., ace. cnnny; pi. CHHHLI back JIe>KaTB na cnnne. To lie on one's? back. OH CTOHJI cnnhoh K HaM. He stood with his back to us. Yjjap B- cnhhy. A stab in the back. CnflC OK m., gen. -Ka list CHHCOK y^enhkob. A list of the pupils. GocTaBHTb CDHCOK. To makea list. f., gen. pi. -en match cnii^ky. To light a match. Kop66Ka cnhh6k. A box of matches. CnOKOflH blk, -an, -pe, -He, short form cnokoen, cnokohh a, -o, -H; adv. CHOKOHHO 1. quiet. CnoKOHHafl pena. A quiet

142 cno 138 CPA river. CxoHXb CDOKOHHO. To stand quietly. Cnfluxe COOKOHHO! Sit still! 2. serene, tranquil. CnoKOHHan yjibiska. A serene smile. Cno- KOHHan 5KH3HB. A quiet life. CnoKOHHtiH HejiOBeK. A calm person. CEOKOHHHH xapanxep. An even temper. <> CnoKoimoii HOIII! Good night! CnOP HTb, -ro, -nnib, -HT imp. o KOM? O H6M? C KCM? / p. HOcnop HXb, -K), -Hiiib, -HT to argue Cnopnxb c xobapnmem o KHHre. To have an argument with a friend about a book. CIIOPT m., no pi. sport JltttKHbiH cnopx. Skiing. BHflbi cnopxa. Kinds of sport. SaHHMaxb- CH cnopxom. To go in for sport. CIIOPTflBHIblH, -an, -oe, -Lie sports CnopxiiBHan njiomaflka. A sports ground. CnopxHBHbin KOCXKJM. A sports costume. CnopxHBHbie copes- HOBamiH. Sports competitions. CnOCOB m. way, method Cnocoo" npnroxobjiehhh jienapcxba. The method of making up a medicine. HaaflHxe KaKOH-HH6y,n;b cnoco6 BCTpexHTbCH c HHM. Find a way of meeting him. CnOCOBHOCTb /. K iemy? 1. ability. Ilocjie panenhh OH no- Tepnji cnoc66noctb ^BiiraibCH. After being wounded he lost the ability to move. 2. usu. pi. aptitude. V nero 6oJibmite cnocodhocth K MaxeinaTHKe. He has a great aptitude for mathematics. CnOCOBHILlB, -an, -oe, -tie capable CnocoSntiH lonoraa. A capable youth. CDPABA adv. (cf. HAHPABO, 2) on (to) the right MOH cxyji CTOHT cnpasa. My chair is on the right. Cnpasa OT floma naxoahtch KHHOieaip. To the right of the house is a cinema. CHPABEAJIflBILlfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form cnpabe,njihb, -a, -o, -H; adv. cnpabe,n;jihbo just CnpaBe^JiHBtiH nejiosek. A just person. CnpaBe^JiHBoe pemehne. A just decision. IIocTynaTb JIHBO. To act justly. CnPAmHBA Tb, -ro, -erab, -IOT imp. KOTO? o KOM? o qe M?/ p. cnpochtb, cnpomy, cnpochmb, cnpocht to ask y^hxejib cnpociiji yqeniraa. The teacher asked a pupil. CnpamHBaTb o a^opobbe. To ask after somebody's health. CHPOCflTb see CnPAfflHBATb CHPHTATb see HPHTATb CHPHTATbCH see HPIlTATbCH CnyCKA TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -K>TCH imp. Kya? OTKy^a?/ p. cnyc- THTbCH, cnyn^ycb, cnycthnibcn, cnycthtch to descend CnycTHTbca c roph. To descend from the mountain. CnycTHTbcn no jiecthhne c Tpexbero axajka na nep- BbiH. To go downstairs from the second floor to the ground floor. CnycKaTbcn na JiH<J)Te. To go down in \he lift. CnYCTflTbCH see CHYCKATbCH cnyihhk m. 1. companion, fellow-traveller. MOH cnyxhhk 6biJi BpanoM. My companion was a doctor. 2. satellite. Jlyna cnyxhhk 3eM- JIH. The Moon is the Earth's satellite. HCKyCCTBeHHblH CnyTHHK. An artificial satellite. Sanycxiixb cnyxhhk. To launch a satellite. BwBecxH cnyxhhk na opsnxy. To put a satellite in orbit. Ha- 6JiK>AeHHe aa cnyxhhkom. Tracking a satellite. CPABHEHHE neut. 1. comparing. CpaBHCHne flbyx HBJieHHH, flbyx JHO^eH. Comparing two phenomena, two people. 2. simile. Jlnxepaxypnoe cpabhenne. A simile. <> Ho c'paijheinno.., c K e M? c H6M? Compared with... IIo cpau- IIOIIHIO C TCM, MTO H BHA6JI paiibiue, ropoa 6iciib HSMCHMJICJI. Compared with what I saw before, the city has changed a lot. CPABHHBA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. KOTO? qxo?ckem?ch6m?/ p. CpaBHJHXb, -K), -Hnib, -HT 1. to compare. CpaBHHXb nti^pbi. To compare figures. CpaBHHXb flsa HBJICHHH. To compare two phenomena.

143 CPA 139 CTA 2. to compare. CpasHnxb nobepx- HOCTb BOflbl C 36pKaJIOM. To compare the surface of the water to a mirror. CPABHflTb see CPABHHBATb CPA3Y adv. immediately OH cpaay HOHHJI. He understood immediately. Mbi ynuih cpasy nocjie o6e^;a. We left immediately after dinner. CPE/JA 1 /-. pi. cpeabi, cpejj, cpe^am, etc. 1. medium. Bosflynman Air cpe,n;a. medium. 2. only sing, surroundings. OKpyjKaiomaflcpe^a. Surroundings. OH BocmixbiBaJicH B pasoheh cpee. He was brought up in working-class surroundings. CPEAA 2 /., ace. cpey; pi. cpeffbi, cpefl, cpe^am, etc. Wednesday Cero^HH cpe#a. Today is Wednesday. JTeKnira *mxaioxch no cpe/jam. Lectures are delivered on Wednesdays. B cpe^y npmiexhx nania cnopxhbhafl ftejieranhh. Our sports delegation arrives on Wednesday. CPEftfl prep, -f gen. 1. in the middle of. ROM CXOHJI cpeflh Jieca. The house was in the middle of the forest. Cpe^ii HOHH pasaajica 3BOHOK. A bell rang in the middle of the night. 2. among. Cpe^M cxy^enxob SHJI MOH flpyr. Among the students was my friend. Pa66xa MOJioa;e>KH. Work among youth. -HH, -ee, -ne 1. middle. Cpe/jnee OKHO. The middle window. 2. medium. HeJioseK cpeanero pocxa. A person of medium height. 3. fig. average. Cpe^Hne cnoc66- HOCTH. Average abilities. <> CpeffHHH rakojia. Secondary school. IIojiyHHTb cpeflnee o6pa- BOBaiinc. To get secondary education. CpeftHiie BCKa. The Middle Ages. neut. 1. means. Gpe^cTBa The means of production. cxfia nepeabhjkehhh. Means of transportation. 2. method; remedy. HOBHO cpe#- cxsa jienehhh 6oJie3HH. New methods of treating a disease. 3xo e^hhcxbehhoe cpe^cxbo! This is the only remedy! CPOK m. time C/jejiaxb pa66xy B cpok. To do the work in time. Bee cpokh npomjin. All time limits have passed. CPOHHIBIfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. cpo^- HO urgent CpOHHoe coo6m;ehhe. An urgent communication. Yexaxb no CPOHHO- My fl&iy. To go away on urgent business. Gpo^HO yexaxb. To leave at once. Cp6*raaa xejierpamma. An urgent telegram. CCOP HTbCH, -K)Cb, -HfflbCH, -HXCH imp. C K6M? / p. noccop HXbCH, -rocb, -nmbcfl, -HXCH to quarrel He Ha,n;o ccopnxbch. You shouldn't quarrel. HoccopHXbCH c xobapnmem. To quarrel with a friend. CTA BHTb, -BJiro, -BHnib, -BHX imp. KOTO? HXO? Ky,c[a? /p. nocxa - BHXb, -BJIK), -BHUIb, -BHX 1. to put. GxaBHXb cxanan na CXQJI. To put a glass on the table. IIocxaBHXb DiBexti B Bo^y. To put flowers in water. HocxaBHxb KHHrn na Mecxo. To put the books in their place. 2. to give. GxaBHXb oxmexny. To give a mark. 3. to make. CxaBHxb dnuxli. To make experiments. 4. to set. HocxaBHXb sa^any nepe^ KOJiJieKXHBOM. To set a task before a collective. 5. to stage. GxaBHXb nbecy. To stage a play. <> HocTaBHTb pekop^;. To set up a record. CraBHTb ^narnos. To diagnose. OraBHTfo ycjiobiia KO- My-jiH6o. To lay down terms to somebody. IIocTaBHTb Koro-JiH6o B TpyflHoe nojiohfehhe. To place somebody in an embarrassing situation. m. CTAJjHOH stadium HOBHH cxa^hoh. A new stadium. GopeBHOBaHHH COCXOHXCH na cxa- AHOHC. The competition will take place at the stadium. CTAKAH m. glass HHCXHH cxakan. A clean glass. Gxa- Kan MOJiOKa. A glass of milk. CTAJib /. steel HOJK H3 cxajin. A knife made of

144 CTA 140 CTH steel. Bapaxb cxajib. To found steel. CTAJIbH Cft, -an, -oe, -ue 1. steel. CxaJibHOH HO>K. A steel knife. 2. steel(y). CxaJibHOH n.bex. Steel colour. 3. fig.: CxajibHan BOJIH. Cf. An iron will. CTAHOBftTbCfl, cxahobjiiocb, cxaho- BHnibCH, cxanobhxch imp. KCM? KaKHM? / p. cxajxb, -ny, -nemb, -nyx 1. to stand. Cxaxb y flbepen, cxaxb K flsepam, cxaxb K cxanky. To stand at the entrance, to take up a position near the door, to take one's place at the lathe. 2. only p. to stop. HaCM CX&JIH. The clock has stopped. 3. to become. OH cxaji HnmenepoM. He became an engineer. Ilorona cxanobhjiacb XOJIOAHOH. The weather was getting cold. CxaJio XCMHO. It became dark. 4. only p. -j- inf. to start. MM cxa- JIH nexb. We started singing. 5. only p. to become (of). Hxo c HUM cxajio noxom? What became of him afterwards? <> Bo ITO 6w TO HH CTajio. By all means. CTAH OK m., gen. -Ka machine-tool, lathe ToKapHbiH cxanok. A lathe. Pa66- xaxb na HOBOM cxaime. To work at a new machine-tool. CTAHIJHH /. 1. station. CxanniiH Mexpo. An underground station. JK/jaxb Ha cxahhhh. To wait at a station. 2. exchange. Te^e^oHHan cxahh,hh A telephone exchange. CTAPA TbCH, -rocb, -einbch, -IOXCH imp.-}- inf. I p. nocxapa xbch, -rocb, -embch, -IOXCH 1. to try. V nero ne Bcerjta Bee xopoino nojiy^aexch, XOXH OH OHCHb cxapaexch. He doesn't always succeed in everything, though he tries hard. 2. to try. OH cxapajicn Btmojimrrb pa66xy B cpok. He tried to do the work in time. CTAPflK m., gen. -a old man CTAPOCTb /., no pi. old age cxapocxb. Extreme old age. B cxapocxn. In one's old age. B cxapocxh OH cxaji HJIOXO CJIHmaxb. As he grew old, his hearing became poor. CTAPYXA /. old woman CTAPffllHfl, -an, -ee, -ne 1. elder, eldest. MOH cxapman cecxpa span. My elder (eldest) sister is a doctor, y HHX xpa CMHa. CxapmnH pa66xaex na aa- BOfle, CpeflHHH y^hxch B LUKO- Jie, a MnaAniHii XO^HX B ^ex- CKHH caa. They have three sons. The eldest works at a plant, the middle one goes to school and the youngest goes to the kindergarten. 2. senior. Cxapmua HayMHwii coxpyflhhk. A senior research associate. CTAPjblfl, -ah, -oe, -bie, short form cxap, cxapa, cxapjo, -LI 1. old. CxapuH iiejiobek. An old person. Osa oqehb cxapa. Sheis very old. Cxapoe ^epebo. An old tree. 2. old. Cxapoe najibxo. An old overcoat. 3. old. Cxapbia npyr. An old friend. 4. old. Cxapuii osbihah. An old custom. CTATb see CTAHOBflTbCH CTAT b)l /., gen. pi. -en article FasexnaH cxaxbn. A newspaper article. Hanncaxb cxaxbio. To write an article. CTEKJIO neut., pi. cxekjia, CXCKOJI. cxe'kjiam, etc. 1. glass. IIpoapa^Hoe CXCKJIO. Transparent glass. 2. pane. Pas6HXb CXCKJIO B OKHB. To break a window-pane. CTEKJlHHH bifl, -an, -oe, -tie glass CxeKJiHHHan ^Bepb. A glass door. CTEHA /., ace. cieny, pi. CXCHBI^ CXCH, cxenam, etc. wall CTEPETb see CTHPATb 1 CTHPAlTb 1, -K), -emb, -rox imp. HXO? ^em?/j9. cxepexb, coxp y -emb, -yx, past cxep, -Jia, -JIG, -JIH to wipe off, to rub off, to erase Gxnpaxb xprinkoh c HOCKH. To clean the blackboard with a duster. Cxepexb niijib co cxojia. To dust the table. Cxepexb nanncahhoe. To erase what has been written.

145 CTH 14J CTP <> OepeTb c jnma aemjiii HTO-JIH- 60. To raze something to the ground. <CTHPA Tb 2, -TO, -enrb, -IOT, imp. HTO? 16M?/p. BMCTHpa Tb, -K), -em&, -IOT to wash BbicxHpaxb 6ejn>e. To wash the linen. PynaMH cxnpaxb Tpy^no. It's difficult to do the washing by hand. CTHXfl pi. poetry CXHXH HyinKHHa. Pushkin's poetry. C66pHHK CXHXOB. A collection of poetry. YHHTB CTHXH nanaycxb. To learn poetry by heart. CTHXOTBOPEHHE neut. poem CxHXOXBOpeHHe MaHKOBCKOrO. A poem by Mayakovsky. JlnpHnecKoe CTHXOTBOpeHHe. A lyrical poem. TO HTb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HT, -HT imp. 1. to cost. Kmira CXOHX 5 pygjien. The book costs 5 roubles. Enjiex CTOHT floporo. The ticket is expensive. 2. impers. is worth. He CTOHT MCHH SjiaroAapnxb There's nothing to. thank me for. 3xo CTOHT HOCMOxpexb! It is worth seeing! $ Hrpa ne CTOHT cbei (proverb). The game is not worth the candle. CTOJI m., gen. -a table Cecxb sa CTOJI. To sit down to table. CH/jexb sa CTOJIOM. To sit at the table. Bcxaxb H3-3a cxojia. To rise from the table. llhcbmehhbih CTOJI. A desk. CTOJIflIJA /. capital (city) JJpeBHHH cxojrana. The ancient capital. HapnjK cxojinna (DpannHH. Paris is the capital of France. CTOJIOB Afl /., gen. -OH 1. dining-room. Sjiecb y nac cxojioban, a Hanpaeo ftsepb B KyxHK). This is our dining-room and on the right is the door to the kitchen. 2. dining-hall, canteen. CxyAeHnecnan cxojiobah. A students 1 canteen. CTOJIbKO adv. 1. so many, so much. CKOJibKO jnoaen, cxojibko xapakxepob. Gf. So many people, so many minds. 2. such a lot. OH cxojibko He's done such a lot! CTOPOHA /., ace. cxopony; pi. cxopohbi, cxopon, cxopoham, etc. side IlpaBan cxopona. The right-hand side. G JICBOH cxopohh. From the left-hand side. Ha flpyron cxopone yjihn;bi. On the opposite side of the street. Co Bcex cxopon. On all sides. CTO HTb, -ro, -HHib, -ax imp. r^e? 1. to stand. HejioseK CXOHX y OKna. The man is standing at the window. 2. to stand^to be (situated). GXOJI CXOHX B KOMHaxe. The table stands in the room. JJoM CXOHJI na 6epery pekh. The house stood on the riverbank. HapHJK CXOHX na Gene. Paris is situated on the Seine. 3. to be. CXOHX xopomaa norofla. The weather is fine. 4. to face. Ilepe^; namh CXOHX Ba?K- Hbie nposjiembi. Important problems face us. 5. to stand L (still). Iacbi cxoax. The watch has stopped. IToes^ CXOHX. The train is standing still. <> CxoHTb BO rjiaee qero-jih6o. To be at the head of something. GroflTb y BJiacTH. To be in power. CTPAHA /., pi. cxpahh 1. land. MOH po^nan expand. My native land. lonmbie cxpahh. Southern lands. 2. country. Cxpanbi JlaximcKOH AMepHKH. The countries of Latin America. <> CTpanw CBexa. The cardinal points. CTPAHflIJA /. page B KHHre 100 cxpahh^. There are 100 pages in the book. <> Ha cxpahhijax HypnaJia. In the columns of the magazine. CTPAHH bifl, -aa, -oe, -tie; adv. cxpanno strange CxpannaH A ( )Hrypa. strange figure. CxpaHHbiH BsrJiflA- ^4 strange look. 9xo oienb cxpanno. It is very strange. CTPAX m. fear ^pojkaxb ox cxpaxa. To quake with fear. CTPAHIHlblfl, -an, -oe, -bie; adv. cxpauiho 1. terrible. CxpanraaH Hcxopna. A terrible story.

146 CTP 142 cyin 2. colloq. awful. CxpanraaH An 6ojib. awful pain. 3xo cxpanrao HHxepecHOl It's awfully interesting/ 3. adv., predic. impers. (to be) afraid. Mne cxpaumo. / am afraid. CTPEJIfl Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. B KOTO? BO 1x6? to shoot Cxpejiaxb B nejib. To shoot at a target. CTPE MftTbCH, -MJirocb, -Mnrnbcn, -MHTCH imp. K K o M y? K i e M y? & _[_ inf. to strive CxpeMHXbCH K UeJIH, K CBOSo^C. To strive to achieve one's goal, to strive for freedom. CxpenoixbCH no-. To strive to win. -rycb, -wenibcn, -ryxcn, past cxptirch, cxpiirji acb, -ocb, -neb imp.jp. nocxpn ibch, -rycb, -jkembch, -ryxca, past nocxpiirch, nocxpnrjilacb, -ocb, -neb to have one's hair cut CxpiiibCH B naphkmaxepckoh. To have one's hair cut at a barber's. CTPOr Hfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form cxpor, cxpora, CTpor o, -H; adv. cxporo 1. strict, severe. Cxpornii yiiixejib. A strict teacher. Oxen; cxporo nocmoxpen Ha ctma. The father looked severely at his son. Cxponifi rojioc. A severe tone of voice. 2. fig. strict. Cxpome npaenjia. Strict rules. CTPOflTEJILCTBO neut. 1. construction. CxporixejibcxBO sa- BO^OB H $a6phk. The construction of plants and factories. Kyjibxypnoe cxponxejibcxbo. Cultural construction. 2. building. Pa66xaxb na cxpoiixejibcxbe. To be engaged in building. CTPO HTb, -K), -Hnib, -HX imp. HXO? / p. nocxp6 nxb, -H), -Hmb, -HX 1. to build. Cxponxb flom. To build a house. Gxponxb jkejieanyio o- pory. To build a railway. 2. fig. to build. Cxponxb KOMMy- HH3M. To build communism. CTPOfl m., no pi. system FocyflapcxBeHHiiH cxpoh. A state system. KOJIXOSHBIH cxpon. The collective- farm system. m. student Cxyaenx 5-ro Kypca. A fifth-year student. m., pi cxyjibh, cxyjibeb chair Cecxb Ha cxyji. To sit down on a chair. CXyH ATb, -y, -Hmb, -six imp. BO HXO? no HCMy? HCM?//>. nocxyh axb, -y, -limb, -ax Cxy^axb B OKHO. To knock at thewindow. Gxyqaxb KyjiaKOM no cxojiy. To bang one's fist on the table. dl^ho predic. impers. (to be) ashamed Mne cxbiflho. / am ashamed. Cxtifl- HO sa xobaphm,a. To be ashamed of a friend. CXIJ^HO nepe^ ^pyabflmh. To be ashamed to face one's friends* CxHflHO cjiyrnaxb BXH CJIOBE. / am athamed to hear such words. CyfiEOTA /. Saturday B cy666xy 6mi HHxepecHLiH KOHij;epx. There was an interesting concert on Saturday. m., gen. -a 1. law-court. 2. trial. K o r cyjky, cy^hmb, cy^nx imp. 1. to judge. MH cy^hm no xomy,. ixo BH^ejin. We judge from what we saw. 2. to try. CyflHTb npecxynhhiwu To try a criminal. 3. to referee. CyzjHTb < >yx66jibhyh> Bcxpeiy. To referee a footbalt match. <> CyH no TOMy, q-ro... Judgingfrom what... /., pi. cyb6bi, cy^e6 fortune, fate TJyMaxb o cy^b6e Hapo^a. To think of the fate of the people. Cyflb6a MOHX ^pyaen. The fortunes of my friends. m., pi. cyffbh, cy^en 1. judge. CnpaBe^jiHBbiH cyijbh. A just judge. Hapo^HbiH cy#bfi. A people's judge. 2. referee. CnopxHBHHH cy^bn. A referee, an umpire. see VMETb /., gen. pi. -OK bag cymka. A leather bag. CyMKa %nn. npoflykxob. A shopping-bag.

147 cyn 143 CHH cyn m., pi. -H soup PHCOBLIH cyn. Rice soup. Tapejma cyna. A plate of soup. CyPOB blfl, -aa, -oe, -He, short form cypob, -a, -o, -BI; adv. cypobo 1. stern. CypoBbiH HejioseK. A stern person. 2. rugged. CyporaH npnpo^a. Rugged countryside. 3. rigorous. Cyposaa jkh3m>. A rigorous life. no sing., gen. -OK day, 24 hours Exaxb nejibie cyxkh. To be driving the whole day. ^Boe cyxok Two days., -aa, -6e, -He, adv. cyxo; comp. cyme 1. dry. BHXPH pynn, OHH.HOJITKHH 6bixb CVXHMH. Wipe your hands, they must be dry. Cyxaa OfleJK/ja. Dry clothes. Gyxoii B03^yx. Dry air. 2. dry. Cyxaa KOMHaxa. A dry room. Cyxaa aemjia. Dry earth. 3. fig. dried-up. Cyxon OH qejiosek. cyxo no- A dried-up person. SflOpOBaJica. He greeted (somebody) coldly. <> Cyxoe mi no. Dry wine. CynjECTBlOBATb, -yk), -yeinb, -yrox imp. HteHb to exist na SeMJie cymecxbyex MHOme MHJIJIHOHLI Jiex. Life has existed on Earth for many millions of years. GymecTByeT HCCKOJIBKO BH- AOB ynpajkhehhh. There are several kinds of exercises. COOTOFPAOflPOBATb see OOTO- TPAOflPOBATb CXBATflTb see XBATATb 1 CXO^flTb 1, cxowy, cxo^hnib, CXO^HT imp. /p. COHTH, cohflly, -enib, -yt, fst comeji, coraji a, -6, -H to go down. CxoflHTb no JICCT- HHn,e. To go downstairs. 2. to get off. Bti cxo^hte na CJIG- ^yiomeh ocxahobke? Are you getting off at the next stop? <0> COHTH c yina. To go out of one's mind. CXOJJflTb 2, cxomy, cxojjhinb, CXO^HT p. Kyaa? &-}-inf. to go to some place and return Gxo^HTb B MarasHH. To go to the shop (and return). CxOflHTb. To go for a walk. nory-, 1st & 2nd pers. sing. not used, 3rd pers. CXOAHTCH, cxo- JI;HTCH imp. I p. cohtiicb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. coh^etch, coh^ytch, past come'jich, conui acb, -OCB, -HCL I/ to come together. CoHracb B aane. To gather in the hall. KOJIOHHbl ^CMOHCTpaHTOB COmJiHCb na njioma^h. Columns of demonstrants converged in the square. 2. to suit one another. OHH conuihcb xapakiepamh. They suited one another. CIJEHA /. 1. stage. OH Btimeji Ha cneny. He came on to the stage. 2. scene. HHTepecHan cnena B cnekxakjie. An interesting scene in a play. <> COHTH co cu,ehm. To leave the stage. CHACTJlflBjblfl [macjihbhh], -aa, -oe, -bie, short form c^acxjihb, -a, -o, -H; adv. cnactjihbo 1. happy. GHacTJiHBafl JKHSHB. A qejio- B6K. happy cnaci- JIHB! How happy I am! lucky. TH cnactjihbbih! You're happy A life. C^acTJiHEbiH man. Kan a lucky! <> C^acTJiHBoro nytii! A happy journey! C^ACTbE [mactbe] neut., no pi. 1. happiness. Bojibmoe cnacibe. Great happiness. JKejiaio sam cnacxbhl / wish you happiness! 2. good luck. <> r,o,e ciactbe, Tain H pajjoctb (proverb). Where there is happiness, there is joy. CHHTA Tb [innxaxb], -10, -enib, -IOT imp. 1. KOTO? HXO?//7. COCHHXa xb, -K), -einb, -K)x to count. Gocqnxaxb 30 cxa. To count to one hundred. Gnnxaxb no nopajjky. To count in the order in which things are. TO count money. 2. KOTO? qxo? KCM? qem? to consider, to think. H cnnxaji xe6a CBOHM flpyrom. I considered you to be my friend. C*raxaio, HXO XH nocxynnji

148 MIIII 144 TAJI / think you acted in the right way. CHIHTb see HIHTb CT>E3,H ra. congress napxhhhbih c-beaij. A party congress. C-Besfl npo$cok>30b. A tradeunion congress. ->Ky, -flhnib, -JJHX p. m/. (cf. ESftHTb) to go to some place and return GteaflHTB B ApyroH ropofl. To go to another town (and come back). Ctea^HTb oxfloxnyxb. To go on a holiday. CT>E35KA Tb, -ro, -enn>, -IOT imp. Kyjja? oxky^a? / p. c-bexaxb, CT,e^ y, -enib, -yx to down go (come) Ctexaxfe c ropu. To go (come) down the hill. CT>E35KA TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. sing. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOTCH ECW CbECTb see CbEXATb see CbE33KATb CT>fiXATbCH see CbE35KATbCH CblFPATb see HrPATb CblH m., pi. CBIHOBBH, CHHOBen son CiapmHH CBIH. The eldest (elder) son. MjiaAfflHH CBIH. The youngest (younger) son. CblP m., pi. -u cheese imp. Ip. ci>exaxbch, 1st & 2nd pers. sing, not used, 3rd pers. c-be^exch, -yxca to come together, to gather K Benepy nanajih cteajkailch ro- CTH. Towards evening the guests began to arrive. Eyxep6po,n c CLJpOM. A cheese sandwich. CbIP Ofl, -an, -6e, -we; adv. CBipO 1. damp. GwpaH semjia. Damp earth. CBipOH soa^yx. Damp air. CBipaH KOMHaxa. A damp room. I predic. impers. SACCB OICHB cupo. It is very damp here. 2. raw, unboiled. GBipoe MHCO. Raw meat. CBipoe MOJIOKO. Unboiled milk. d>it bift, -an, -oe, -He, short form CBIX, CBixa, cwx o, -BI replete fl CBIX. / am full. CIO^A adv. Ky^a? here fl npnmeji cro^a yxpom. 7 came here in the morning. T, T TABAK m., gen. -a tobacco KpenKHH xa6ak. Strong tobacco. KypnxB xa6ak. To smoke tobacco. TAEJIflIJA /. table Ta6jiHn;a ymhomehhh. The multiplication table. Ta6jiHn;a BHHrpBimen. The list of winning TAflHA numbers. /. mystery TaHHBi npupo^bi. Mysteries of nature. XpannxB B xahhe. To keep secret. ^epwaxb B xanne. To keep (something) secret. TAK adv. 1. as. ^ejiaxb xan, Kan nywho. To do as one should. MBI xan we JtOBOJIBHBI DOeSflKOH, KaK H BBI. l^e are as pleased with the trip as you are. 2. so. OH xak MHOFO XO^ITJI, HXO ycxaji. He walked so much that he got tired. 3. as part of compound conj. xak KaK as, xak ixo so. <0> H xak aajiee. And so on. TaK ckaaaxb. So to speak. TaK iia-iwimcmbiii. So-called. TaK ce6e. So-so. TaK H 6bixb. Let it be so. He xak JIH? Is it not so? TAK5KE adv. also MBI xk?ke CBIJIH.HOBOJIBHH. We were also pleased. TAK Ofl, -an, -He -pe, pron. 1. such. TaKon seqep a 6yfly HOM- HHXB fl;ojiro. I'll remember such an evening for a long time. 2. so. CerojjHH xakaa xopoman noro^a! Today the weather is so good/ 3. the same as. OH KymiJi xakyro JKC KHHry, KaK H XBI. He bought the same book as you did. <> B TaKOM cjiyqae. In this case. TaKHM 66pa3M. In this way. HT* TaKoe? What's that? TAKCfil neut., indecl. taxi JlerKOBoe xakch. A taxi-cab. ExaxB na xakch. To goby taxi. HaM ny^ho B3HXB xakch. We should take a taxi. BtiaBaxB xakch no xejie^ohy. To call a taxi by telephone. TAJlAHT m. talent, gift V Hero 6oJiBmoH xajianx. He is very gifted.

149 TAJ1 145 TEM TAJIAHTJIHB blfl, -ah, -oe, -He talented, gifted TajiaHXJiHBbiH ynehbih, nncaxejib. A gifted scientist, writer, TaJiaHXjiHBaa pasoxa, Kmira. A work, book of great talent. TAM adv. r a e? there TaM jkhbex MOH oxen,. My father lives there. TaM, r#e a poahjicn, cymecxsyex MHOFO nnxepechbix oswnaeb. Where I was born, there exist many interesting customs. TAH EIJ m., gen. -na dance BHCXPBIH xanen,. A quick dance. HcnoJiHHXb HapouHtiH xanen,. To perform a folk dance. Ilocemaxb nikojiy xanneb. To attend a dancing school. TAHIJlEBATb, -yro, -yemb, -yrox imp. H x o? to dance TanneBaxb Bajibc. To dance a waltz. TanneBaxb c flesymkoh. To dance with a girl. TAPEJIIKA /., gen. pi. -OK plate FjiyGiOKafl xapejma. A soup plate. MeJinan xapejraa. A flat plate. Ecxb H3 xapejikh. To eat from a plate. TAHJflTb, Tanjy, xanjhinb, xamax imp. 1. KOTO? *ixo? to carry. TanjHXb MemoK. To carry a sack. 2. H x o? p. BBixamjHXb, -y, -nnib, -ax to pull out. BMxamHXb rsoaflb H3 CXCHH. To pull a nail out of the wall. TA HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -rox imp. /p. pacxa nxb, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -ex, -rox 1. to thaw. Gner xaex. The snow is thawing. 2. only imp., fig. to dwindle, to waste away. Sanacbi xarox. The supplies are dwindling. EojibHoii xaex na rjiaaax. You can see the sick man waste away., -an, -oe, -bie, short form, xbepua, xsepalo, -H; adv. XBepjjo 1. solid. Tfiepjioe xejio. A solid substance. 2. hard. TsepsaH SCMJIH. Hard ground. 3. fig. firm, sound. TBep^bie 3Ha- HHH. Sound knowledge. HpHHaxb xbe'pfloe peiaehhe. To take a firm decision TBOfl, XBOH, xboe, XBOH pron. your(s) TBOPHECTBO neut., no pi. creative work TsopqecxBO fflojioxoba. Sholokhov's works. Pacn;Bex xbopqecxsa. The height of one's creative activity. HapOAHoe XBOpqecxBO. The creative work of the people. TEATP m. theatre Teaxp onepu H 6ajiexa. A theatre of opera and ballet. ^pamaxhheckhh xeaxp. A play-house. GMOxpexb B xeaxpe nobyio nbecy. To see a new play at a theatre. Xo^nxb B xeaxp. To go to the theatre. TEJIEBfiSOP m. television set CMOxpexb nepeftany no xejiebhsopy. To watch a television programme. BKJIIOHHXb (BblKJIIOHHXb) XeJI6BH30p. To turn on (off) television. TEJIEFPAMMA /. telegram CpOHHaa xejierpamma. An urgent telegram. Ilocjiaxb (flaxb) xejierpam- My. To send a telegram. TEJIErPAO m., no pi. telegraphoffice LJenxpaJibHUH xejierpa^- The central telegraph-office. H#TH na xejierpa( ). To go to the telegraph-office. Pa66- xaxb na xejierpa<f)e. To work at a telegraph-office. TEJIEOOH m. telephone HoMep xejie^ona. A telephone number. MejKflyropoflHHH xejie^oh. A trunk line. FoBOpnxb no xejie^ony. To speak over the telephone. <> TeJie^OH-aBTOMax. A public telephone. TJJ 0 neut., pi. -a 1. substance. Tsep^oe xejio. A solid substance. JKifflKoe xejio. A liquid substance. 2. body. HacxH xejia. Parts of the body. TEMA /. subject, theme TeMa ypoka. The subject (theme) of a lesson. TeMa flokjiaaa. The subject of a report. TEMH blh, -aa, -oe, -tie, adv. XCMHO 1. dark. Te'MHaa KOMHaxa. A dark room. predic. impers. Ha yjinne XCMHO. It is dark outside. 2. dark. TCMBLIH KOCXIOM. A dark suit. Te'MHbie BOJIOCBI. Dark hair. TeMHtie rjiaaa. Dark eyes.

150 TEM 146 TEH 3. fig. dark. Te'MHbie CHJIH. Dark TEMI1 ra. forces. tempo, speed, rate EucxpbiH TCMD. A quick tempo. TCMD pe^h. The tempo (speed) of speech. TeMnu paabhxhfl SKOHOMH- KH. The rate of economic development. TEMIIEPAT^PA /. 1. temperature. TeMnepaxypa BO^H. The temperature of water. H3M6- pnib xe\tnepaxypy. To take a temperature. 2. temperature. V Hero BticoKan xemnepaxypa. He has a high temperature. colloq. high temperature, fever. Y pe6e'hka xemnepaxypa. The child has a fever. TEHb /., prepos. B xemi shade; shadow. Tenb OT jjepefia. The shade of a tree. CHACTL B xemi. To sit in the shade. OH 6o>ijiCH c66cxbchhoh xe- HH. He was afraid of his own shadow. TEOPHfl /. theory HaynnaH xeopiin. A scientific theory. Maynaxb xeopnio. To study a theory. CoeAHHHXb xeopnio c npan- THKOH. To combine theory with practice. TEIIEPb adv. now Tenepb OH JKHBCT B Cn6HpH, a pahbuie pa66xaji B MOCKBC. Now he lives in Siberia, but before he worked in Moscow. TElIJ] blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form xeneji, xenji a, -6, -H; adv. xenuo 1. warm. TenjiaH KOMnaxa. A warm room. TenjiHH Boaayx. Warm air. Passe 3x0 rophhiih cyn? OH qyib Tenjibiii. Do you call this hot soup? It is hardly warm. Tenjioe najibio. A warm coat. \ predic. impers. (is) warm. MHC Teruio. / feel warm. Sflecb xenjio. It is warm here. 2. fig. warm, cordial. Tenjiue qyb- CTBa. Warm feelings. OHH Teiuio npocihjimcb c rocihmh. They said good-bye to their guests cordially. TEPIIEJlflB blfl, -an, -oe, -we, short form TepnejiHB, -a, -o, -H; adv. xepnejihbo patient TepnejiMBtiH y^hiejib. A patient teacher. TepneJiHBO o6'lhchhtb. To explain patiently. TEPH Tb, -jo, -emb, -IOT imp. KOTO? ^ T o?//?. noteph ib, -K), -euib, -IOT 1. to lose. noxephtb cymky. To lose one's bag. 2. fig. to lose. Tepriib flpyra. To lose a friend. TepaTb nafle^ay. To lose hope. Tepaib cjiyx. To lose one's hearing. TepHTb spemh. To waste time. <> Tepnxb rojioey. To lose one's head. Bw ne BHAeJiii axy KaprHny? Hex? BM nnqero ne HOTCpfljin. "Have you seen this picture? No? You have missed nothing." TECHjblfl, -a, -oe, -He, snort form TCCCH, xecna, TCCH O, -LI; adv. TCCHO 1. cramped. T3CHan KBapxiipa. A cramped flat. \ predic. impers. 3lJecb xecho. There is no room here. 2. tight. Tecnee GOXHHKH. Tight shoes. PyBamna MHe xecna. The shirt is too tight for me. 3. Close. BblXb XeCHO CBHSaHHblM c Ke~M-JiH6o. To be closely connected with somebody. TETPAJJb /. copy-book Tojicxafl xexpa^b. A thick copy-book. ToHKan xexpazi,b. A thin copy-book. 06m,aH xexpaat- A thick, generalpurpose copy-book. Tex pa flb B JIHneHKy. A lined copy-book. Ilncaxb B xexpa^h. To write in a copy-book. aunt TETH /. TEXHHKA /., no pi. 1. technique, technology. IlepeAO- BaH xexhhka. Advanced technology. OflJia^exb xexhhkoii. To master technique. 2. technique. TexuHKa nrpw na CKpHime. The technique of playing the violin. TEXHfiHECKIHft, -an, -oe, -ne 1. technical. TexHHiecKHH nporpecc. Technical progress. 2. technical. TexHHiecKHH HHCTHxyx. A technical institute. 3. technical. TexHHHecKan pa66xa. Technical work. TEHEHHE neut. current, stream HibKHee xenehhe pekh. The lowerreaches of the river. <$> JI.II.1TI, HO TCHeHHIO (npothb TeHGHHfl). To go with (against) the stream.

151 TEH 147 TOH TEJHB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -Hex, -Kyx, past TGK, xek Jia, -Jio, -JIH imp. 1. to flow, to stream. Pena xenex. The river flows. Ho JiHijy ee TGKJIH CJieati. Tears were streaming down her cheeks. 2. fig. to fly by. BpeMH xeiex nesamexho. Time goes by imperceptibly. TflXjHfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form XHX, THxa, XHX O, -H; adv. XHXO; comp. XHiue 1. soft. THXHH TOJIOC. A soft voice. THXO next. To sing softly. FOBOpn XHine! Don't speak so loudl 2. quiet. Taxoe yxpo. A quiet morning. 3. quiet. THXHH pe6enok. A quiet child. THIDHHA /., no pi. silence IIoJJHaH XHiHHHa. Complete silence. Hapymaxb xinnhhy. To break the silence. CxoflJia MepxBan xhrnnna. It was dead silent. TKAHb /. fabric UlepcxHHaa xnanb. A woollen fabric. TO particle then ECJIH 6y#ex BpeMH, xo a npimy. // / have time I'll come. TO... TO conj. now... now To XLJ robopnmb OAHO, xo flpyroe, KaK we MHe xe6e Bepnxb? Now you say one thing, now another, how am I to believe you? TOBAP m. 1. ware. npomtinuiehhiie xobapu. Industrial wares. 2. usu. pi. goods. ToBapH unipokoro noxpe6jienhh. Consumer goods. TOBAPHm m. 1. friend. BepHHH xobapnm,. A true friend. 2. used in addressing people: Tosa- IlexpOBa! Comrade Petrova! BOJIKOB! Comrade Volkov! TOFflA adv. 1. then. r#e XH 6mi B HIOJIC? fl 10* 6uJi xor^a B flpyrom ropo^e. "Where were you in July?" "/ was then in another town." 2. then. TH He anaemb axoro? Tor^a BoabMH KHnry H npo^hxahl "You don't know that? Then take the book and read it!" 3. then. Korfla nponnxaio KHriry, xor^a ox^am ee xe6e. When I have read the book I'll give it back to you. T<5 ECTb conj. that is (to say) Cen^ac Mapx. H sepnycb B Hione, xo ecxb qepea ABa MecHn;a. Now it is March. I'll come back in June, that is in two months. TC5KE adv. also H xojke npn,ny na Be^iep. I'll also come to the evening-party. H XOJKG ycxaji. / am also tired. TH He xo- ^enib axoro? H xowe. "You don't want that? Neither do I." TOJIHA /., pi. xojinu crowd Tojina JirofleH. A crowd of people. TOJICT blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form xojicx, xojicxa, xojicxjo, -H; comp. 1. thick. Tojicxan mixka. A thick thread. ToJicxaa KHitra. A thick book. 2. fat. TOJICXHH nejiobek. A fat man. TOJlbKO 1. adv. only. B KOMnaxe xojibko OJI;HH cxyji. There is only one chair in the room. OH npnexaji xojibko B^epa. He came only yesterday. 2. conj. only, fl cornacen, xojibko He cefiqac. 7 agree, only not now. 3. particle only. TojibKO 6u yexaxbl / wish only to go away! H 3a- HCM xojibko OH caejian axo? Why on earth did he do that? 4. as part of compound conj. a) TOJIB- KO ITO just. OH xojibko HXO npnme'ji. He has just come, b) KaK TOJibKo the moment. KaK XOJIKKO MW BonuiH B saji,... The moment we entered the hall... TOH m. tone BpajKAe6HBiH XOH. A hostile tone. FOBOpHXb flpyjke^khm XOHOM. To speak in a friendly tone. TOHK Hfl, -aa, -oe, -ne, short form XOHOK, XOHK3, XOHK 0, -HJ ttdv, XOHKO; comp. xonbine 1. thin. ToHKaa xexpaab- A thin copy-book. ToHKoe fl;epebo. A thin tree. ToHKHe 6pOBH. Fine eyebrows. TOHKO napeaaxb cup. To cut the cheese thin. 2. thin. TOHKHH TOJIOC. A thin voice.

152 TOH 148 TPA 3. delicate, keen. TOHKHH BKyc. delicate taste. TOHKHH cjiyx. A keen ear. 4. fine. Kojibno TOHKOH pasoxbi. A ring of fine workmanship. FAC TOHKO, T3M H pbctcfl (pfoverb). Gf. The strength of a chain is determined by, its weakest link. TOHHA / ton BecoM B 500 TOHH. 500 tons in weight. TOHSTb, Tony, xonenib, xonyx imp. 1. p. noxonyxb, notohy, noxonemb, noxohyx to sink. KopaSnb no- TOHyji. The ship has sunk. 2. p. yxohyxb, yxony, yxonemb, yxonyx to get drowned. MaJib- HHK yxohyn B pene. The boy got drowned in the river. 3. no p. to sink. MexaJiJi xonex B BOAC. Metal sink? in water. TOPFOBJIfl /. trade BHeniHHH TOproBJifl. Foreign trade. BHyxpeHHHH ToproBJiH Home trade. ToproBJiH OBOiuaMH. The vegetable trade. PaasHBaTb roprobjiio. To develop trade. TOP3KECTBEHH blfl, -an, -oe, -we; adv. TOp>KeCTBOHHO 1. festive. TopJKecxeeHHbJH ^enb. A festive day. 2. solemn. Top>KecxBeHHbiii TOH. A solemn tone. TOPOnflThCH, xoponjiiocb, Topoirainb- CH, TOponnxcH imp. to hurry ToponrixbCH B xeaxp. To hurry to the theatre. TOT pron. 1. that. Tox AOM. That house. B XOT flehb. (On) that day. 2. other. Ha XOH cxopone. On the other side. Ha XOM 6epery. On the other bank. 3.: MM ybepehm B XOM, HXO... We are sure that... H cnpouiy y xoro, KXO anaex. I'll ask somebody who knows. 4. that. 9xo xox flom? Is that the house? 3xo xa semb? Is that the thing? 9xo ne xa Bem.b! This is not the thing! 9xo COBCCM ne xo! // is not that at all! < H T6T H Apyrofi. Both (one and the other). HH TOT HH Apyrofi. Neither (one nor the other). TOT we, TOT we cambifi. The same one, the very same one. B Ty we MHHyTy. That very moment. OAHO H TO we. The (very) same thing. JJejio B TOM, qto... The thing is that... Mne ee AO TOFO. I've other things to attend to. 13. TOMy IIUAUOIIOO (H T. n.). And so on (etc.). 5. as part of compound conj.: BMCCXO xoro, qx66bi instead of; XCM HO Menee nevertheless; nocjie xoro KaK after, following; AO xoro Kan, nepea XCM KaK before; ne- CMOxpri Ha xo, HXO in spite of the fact that; B xo BpeMH KaK while TOH KA /., gen. pi. -en point, full stop HocxaBHXb xohky. To put a full stop. <> ToqKa c 3an>ix6ii. A semicolon* T6*ma apuiuih. One's point view. C Moeii TOHKH speinih. From my standpoint. lfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form XOHCH, Tonna, XOHH O, -H; adv. XO4HO 1. exact. TOHHLIH nepeboa. An exact translation. TOHHO anaxb. To know for certain. ToiHtie nacw. A good time-keeping watch. ToMHoe BpeMH. The exact time. 2. punctual. TOHKHH HejioseK. A punctual man. <> ToMHMe naykii. The exact sciences. TPABA /., pi. xpabbi 1. grass. Sejie'HaH xpasa. Green grass. BucoKaH xpasa. Tall grass. 2. only pi. herbs. JleKapcxseHHbie xpabbi. Medicinal herbs. TPAKTOP m. t pi. xpakxopa, xpakxo- POB & xpakxopu, xpakxopob tractor TPAMBAfl m. tram flsaahaxb fuecxoh xpamban. A number 26 tram. Kxaxb Ha xpambae. To go by tram. Gecxb Ha xpambau. To take a tram. COHXH c xpamban. To get off the tram. TPAHCIIOPT m., no pi. transport FopOACKOH Tpancnopx. City transport. BHAW xpahcnopxa. Kinds of transport. TPA THTb, -qy, -xhinb, -XHX imp. HXO? Ha HXO?/P. HCxpajxHXb, -qy, -xniiib, -XHX to spend Tpaxnxb AGHbrn na nnxanhe. To spend money on food. Hcxpaxnxb of

153 TPE 149 Tpy MHoro Aener. To spend much money. OH xpaxnx MHoro BpeMeHH Ha popery. He spends a lot of time travelling. TPEE OBATb, -yro, -yeinb, -yrox imp. q x o? or Hero? y K o r 6? ox Kor6?-J-ix66bi or p. noxpe6 obaxb, -yro, -yemb, - 1. to demand. H xpesyro cjiosa. / demand the right to be heard. y^hxejib XpeSOBajI, HXOSbl MBI Aejiajra AOMamHHe aaaamih. The teacher demanded that we should do our home-task. 2. to take. 9xa pa66xa xpe6yex MHOro BpeMeHH. This work takes a lot of time. TPEBG>KH blfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form xpesojkeh, xpebohmja, -o, -H; adv. xpebojkho 1. anxious. TpesojKHbiH An anxious look. 2. alarming. TpeBOJKHoe HHC. An alarming situation. Tpe- BOHmoe BpeMH. An uneasy time. TpeBOJKHbie HOBOCTH. Alarming news. TP(5rA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. KO- TO? HXO? HOM?//). xpohjyxb, -y, -enib, -yx (momentaneous action) & noxporajxb, -10, -einb, -rox 1. to touch. SKcnoHaxbi B Myaee nejibsh xporaxb pynamh. The exhibits in the museum should not be touched. EMy xoxejiocb noxporaxb Kam^yro Bemb. He wanted to touch every thing. 2. p. only xpohyxb fig. to move. 3xo ero ne xpdraex. It doesn't move him. MCHH axo oqenb xpo- Hyjio. It moved me deeply. 3. p. only xpohyxb to touch. He xporafixe ero! Leave him alone! TPOE num. three Tpoe cxyflenxob. Three students. V Hero xpoe flexen. He has three children. Hac SMJIO xpoe. There were three of us. IlpoinJio xpoe cyxok. Three days had passed. TPOJIJlEfifiyC m. trolleybus IlflXbiH xpojijieh6yc. A number 5 trolleybus. OcxanoBKa xpojuiencyca. A trolleybus stop. Exaxb na xpoji- Jien6yce. To go by trolleybus. Cecxb Ha xpojijiensyc. To take a trolleybus. GOHXH c xpojijieacyca. To get off the trolleybus. TPOHyTb see TPOFATb TpyBA /., pi. xpysbi 1. tube. HpOHBBOACXBO xpy6. Production of tubes. 2. chimney. SaBOffCKan xpy6a. A factory chimney. Tpy6a AOMa. The chimney of a house. 3. trumpet. Hrpaxb Ha xpyge. To play (to blow) the trumpet. TPy'BjKA /., gen. pi. -OK pipe Kypiixb xpy6kv. To smoke a pipe. m., gen. -a l.nopl. work; labour. xpya- Brain work. xpya- Manual work. 2. difficulty. OH c xpyaom scxaji. He stood up with difficulty. OH BbiyHHJi axo 6ea xpvaa. He learned it without any difficulty. 3. work. HayHHHH xpya- A scientific work. TpyAH Terejin. The works by Hegel. xpy>kycb, xpyahmbcn, imp. to work JIaSopaxopHH xpya^xcn naa peme- HHCM 3XOH sa^ahh. The laboratory works at solving this problem., -an, -oe, -we, short form, xpyaha, xpyah o, -H; adv. 1. difficult. TpyAHbiH 9K3a\ieH. A difficult examination. TpyAHoe aaaahhe. A difficult task. HaM xpyaho nohaxb Bac. It is difficult for us to understand you. 9xa KHifra xpy^na AJIH Ba c- This book is too difficult for you. 2. difficult, hard. TpyAHan oscxa- HOBKa. A difficult situation. TpyAHoe BpeMH. A hard time. -an, -oe, -we 1. working, labour. TpyAOBoe BOC- HHxaHHe. Labour education. 2. working. TpyAOBan Working youth. 3. hard-earned. TpyAOBbie Hard-earned money. 4. working. TpyAQBOH A^Hb. The working day. <> TpyAOBbie peaepebi. Labour-reserves. m., gen. -erocn worker BCCX cxpan. The workers

154 ipy 150 TflH of the world. CoBexbi aenyxaxofi xpyaflnijhxcfl. Soviets of workers' deputies. TPYC m. coward OH OKaaaJiCH xpycom. He turned out to be a coward. TPyCb'I no sing, shorts CnopxcMenbi CHJIH B Kpacntix Man- Kax H qephbix xpycax. The sportsmen wore red jerseys and black shorts. TPHn KA /., gen. pi. -OK rag, duster Cxnpaxb ntijib TpanKOH. To remove dust with a rag. Mbixb EOJI xpfln- KOH. To wash the floor with a rag. TY.IJA adv. Kyfla? there Box MarasHH, HO Mti xy/ja ne nonfle'm. Here is the shop, but we shall not go there. KaK jjoexaxb 30 nehxpa? Tyjja MOJKHO exaxb Ha Mexpo. "How can I get to the centre?" "You can get there by the underground." BH HTjexe He xy/ja. You are not going the right way. TYMAH m. mist, fog YxpeHHHH XyMan. A morning mist. FycxoH xymah. A dense fog. Ha yjiime ceroflhfl xyman. It is foggy outside today. TYII On, -an, -6e, -Lie 1. blunt. TynoH HO>K. A blunt knife. 2. not pointed. TynoH HOCOK 60- xiihka. A rounded toe-cap. 3. fig. meaningless. Tynon BSFJIH^. A meaningless look. 4. fig. dull. Tynon yqehhk. A dull pupil, a dunce. 5. fig. dull. Tynan 6ojib. A dull pain. TyPflCT m. tourist, hiker Typncxbi XOAHJIH B JICXKHH noxoa. The hikers went on a summer walking tour. HHOCxpaHHbie xypncxbi. Foreign tourists. TyT adv. r^e? (colloq.) here Tyx CXOHX CXQJI, a xam AHBan. There is a table here, and a divan over there. T^OJIH pi., gen. pi. xy$e;ib; sing. xy< )JiH /. shoes KoraaHHe xy^jin. Leather shoes. Ty< wni na BMCOKOM (HHSKOM) Ka6- jiyne. High- (low'-)heeled shoes. Ro- MauiHHe xy^jih. Slippers. 1. cloud. HepHbie xyqn. Black clouds. HH3KH6 xyqu. Low clouds. 2. fig. cloud. Tynn HUJIH. Clouds of dust. TbI pron., gen., ace. Te6n, dat. xe6e, instr. xo6oh, prepos. o xe6e you Tbi MOH apyr. You are my friend. Hxo xti AeJiaemb cehnac? What are you doing now? <> EblTb Ha TW C K6M-JIH6O. To thee-and-thou somebody. TbIJI m., prepos. B xtijiy; pi. xbijibi rear THJI H ( >POHX. The rear and the front. Pa66xaxb B xtuiy. To work on the home front. TIOPbMA /., pi. xropbmh, xropem, xropbmam, etc. prison HocapiHXb B xiopbmy. To put into prison. Bpocnxb B xiopbmy. To fling into prison. Gn^exb B xropbme. To be in prison. THJKEJJlblH, -an, -oe, -ue, short form XH>Ke'ji, xh>koji a, -6, -BI; adv. XH- JK6JIO 1. heavy. TflJKe'jiMH mhk. A heavy box. predic. impers. Te6e XH/KC- JIO H6CXII 3XOX H6MOfl;aH. It is difficult for you to carry that suit-case. 2. fig. hard, difficult. TmKe'jian pa66xa. Hard work. Tn>Ke'jiaH?KH3Hb. A hard life. TflJKe'jioe aa^anhe. A difficult task. Y Hero 6tiJia XH?Ke'jiaH MOJiOAOCXb. He had a hard youth. Y Hero XHJKG- JIHH xapakxep. He is a difficult person. GoBepuiHXb xamejioe npecxynjiehhe. To commit a heinous crime. TflJKe'jian 6ojie3Hb. A grave illness. TmKe'jiaH onepaunn. A serious operation. Tn>Kejioe qybcxbo. A hard feeling. TflJKe'jibiH fl;ehb. A hard day. \ predic. impers. MHO XHJK6JIO BCnOMHHaXb 06 3XOM. It is painful for me to recollect that. <> Y eee THweJio na pyrae. She has misgivings. TnweJiafl npo- MbimJieHHOCTb. The heavy industry. THH$Tb, XHHy, xnhenib, xnnyx imp. KOTO? HXO? /p. noxhhyxb, noxhhy, noxhhenib, noxflhyx 1. to pull. OH noxhhyji oxi;a sa

155 151 VBE pynab. He pulled his father's sleeve. 2. colloq., fig. to draw out. He THHI'I, pacckasbiban Smcxpee. Don't draw it out, say it quickly. <> THH.VTB c OTB6TOM. To delay one's answer. y prep, -f- gen. 1. by. CTOJI CTOHT y OKHa. The table is by the window. 2. at. H?KHsy y 6paxa. / live at my brother's. 3. from. H ysnaji y Moero yqiixejm MHoro HHxepecnoro. I learned a lot of interesting things from my teacher. MOH xobapmu; BSHJI y MGHJI MOIO KHHry. My friend has borrowed a book from me. 4.: y nee 6ojinx rojioba. She has a headache. 5.: V MGHH ecxb 3TOT jkypnaji. / have got that magazine, y xobaphin;a 6ojibinaa CGMBH. My friend has a large family. YBE^flTb see yeeikaatb yeeftfltbch see ybe^k^atbch ybe3k^a Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp. KOTO? B HGM? & -f- inf. /p. y6eflliixb, 1st pers. sing, not used, -innb, -HT to convince, to persuade Hani HHJKenep y6ejjhji nac B npabhjibhocth cboero npoekxa. Our engineer has convinced us of the correctness of his project. MBI y6e;jhjih TOBapuma nocxy- DHXB B HHCXHxyx. We persuaded our friend to enter an institute. yee3k,0;a TbCH, -K>CB, -eiiibca, -rox- CH imp. B HGM?/ p. y6ea HXBca, 1st pers. sing, not used, -HUIBCH, -HXCH to get convinced y6eja;hxbch B BepnocxH j\pyra. To get convinced of one's friend's loyalty. MBI y6e,n;hjihcb. B XOM, ^xo axo npas^a. We got convinced that it was true. ybhba Tb, -K>, -emb, -rox imp. K o r 6? Hxo?/p. y6nxb, y6b ro, -enib, -rox 1. to kill. y6nxb BOJiKa H3 pywbh. To kill a wolf with a gun. y6nxb HOHWM. To kill with a knife. 2. fig. to kill. HasecxHe o CMepxii ctina y6bex ee. The news of her son's death will kill her. <0> XoTb y6efi, ne.nuiio. / couldn't tell you to save my life. yfihpa Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox v x imp.^ o?/ p. y6paxb, y6ep y, -emb, -yx, past y6paji, -a, y6paji o, -H 1. to remove. y6paxb xexpa/jn. co cxojia. To take the copy-books from the desk. 2. to put away. y6paxb KHHTH B nika< ). To put away books in a bookcase. 3. to gather (in). y6paxb ypohwh. To gather (in) the crops. 4. to tidy up. y6paxb KOMHaxy. To tidy up the room. y6paxb nocxejib. To make the bed. yfifltb see ybhbatb ybpatb see ybhpatb yba5ka Tb, -K), -enib, -rox imp. K o- r 6? *i x o? 3 a H x 6? to respect ycajkaxb poahxejien. To respect one's parents. ysa^kaxb xobapnma sa CMejiocxB. To respect one's friend for his bravery. MBI HOJDKHKE yflajkaxb Jjpyr apyra. We must respect one another. yba5kehhe neut., no pi. respect^ II6jiB3OBaxBCH yba>kehiiem xobapnmen. To be held in respect by one's friends. H c^ejiaji axo 113 ysajkenhh K Apyry- I did that out of respect for my friend. ybejlfl^hbaitb, -ro, -eiiib, -rox imp. qxo?/p. ybejihh nxb, -y, -HUIB, -ax 1. to increase. ysejinhexb BtinycK XKanen. To increase the output of fabrics. 2. to raise. ybejihhhxb 3apa6oxnyro njiaxy. To raise one's salary (wages). & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excfl, -roxcfl imp. I p. ybejihh HXBCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -axca to increase, to grow ybejiflhhba TbCH, 1st Baexca. The number of students is growing. BATbCa see ybejiflhhbatb see ybejlflhh-

156 YBE 152 yb6pehh blfl, -an, -oe, -He; adv. ysepehho 1. part., short form ysepeh, ysepeh a, -o, -w sure, certain. ybepehhbie B no6e^e, Mbi npoflojdkajih 6opb6y. Certain of victory, we continued the fight. Mu ysepehbi B Hamen no6e^e. We are sure of our victory. H ysepen B XOM, HXO OH upas. 7 am sure he is right. 2. used as adj., short form yfiepen, ybepeh na, -HO, -HH confident, sure. ybepehhbie Confident actions. Er6 HHH 6MJIH 6HCXpbI H Hbi. His actions were quick and sure. OH robophji ysepehho (adv.). He spoke confidently. ybflfletb see BflflETb ybjieka TbCH, -rocb, -embch, -IOXCH imp. KCM? qem?/ p. ysjiel^bch, -Kycb, -qeidbcfl, -Kyxcn, past ys- JICKCH, ybji6k jiacb, -JlOCb, -JTHCb to be carried away, to be keen (on doing something) ybjiekaxbcfl cnopxom, pa66xon. To go in for sports, to be carried away with one's work. m., gen. yrjia, prepos. B yrjiy 1. corner, yron OMa. The corner of a house. CxoHXb Ha yrjiy yjin- HU. To stand at the corner of the street. Cnflexb B yrjiy KOMHaxu. To sit in the corner of the room. 2. angle. IIoflyrjioM 45 (copoknnxb rpajjycob). At an angle of 45. <> XojjHTb H3 yrjia B yroji. To walk up and down the room. YroJi apeiiiui. A point of view. Hs-aa yrjia. From round the corner, m., gen. yrjin coal yrojib. Coal. yrojib. To mine coal. flo6bihy yrjifl. To increase the coal output. yrocmtb see yromaxb yroma Tb, -ro, -emb, -IOT imp. KO- TO? qem? / p. yrolcxnxb, -m;y, -cxax to treat xobapnm;a iaem. To treat one's friend to tea. y#a BATbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp./ p. yflaxbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 1. blow, clap. CHJibHbiH yaap. A strong blow. y#ap rpoma. A clap of thunder. 2. fig. blow. 9xo fljih nero XHJKe'jibiH VAap. This is a hard blow to him. <C> Bwxb B yffape. To be at one's best. y,haphhk m. 3rd pers. y^actch, yuajjytch, past yaa JicH, -nacb, -jiocb, -jiacb 1. to be a success. Gnux y^ajich. The experiment was a success. 2. impers. K o M y? -f- inf. to manage. Mne yuajiocb npnexaxb na BOKsaji BOBpeMH. / managed to come to the station in time. HaM He yflaiiocb nonacxb na BucxaB- Ky. We didn't manage to get to the exhibition. shock-worker y^aphhk KOMMyHHcxHHecKoro xpy- ^a. A shock-worker of communist labour. yjjapfl Tb, -ro, -einb, -rox imp. K o- r 6? H e M? no H e M y? B o ^ x 6?/ p. yijap HXb, -K), -HDIb, -HX to strike, to hit, to kick y^apnxb Horoft B ^sepb. To kick at the door, y^apnxb Koro-JiH6o pynoh no njie^y. To strike somebody on the shoulder. -K)Cb, -embch, -IOXCH imp. 060 HXO? ^em?/p. y^a- PJHXbCH, -K)Cb, -HHIbCH, -HXCH to strike oneself, to hit oneself H yzjaphjich pykoii o Kpaii cxojia. / knocked my hand against the edge of the table. see see -IOXCH imp. KOMy? HeMy?//?. y^hlbhxb- CH, -BJirocb, -BHmbCH, -BHXCH to be surprised H yflhbhjich ero cjiobam. 7 was surprised at his words. y^obh blfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form ya66eh, yfl66h a, -o, -H; adv. yfl66no 1. comfortable. yfl66hoe Kpecjio. A comfortable chair. OH y#66ho CHflen B Kpecjie. He sat comfortably in an armchair. \ predic. impers. (it is) comfortable. Sflecb y66ho pa66xaxb. It is very

157 153 comfortable to work here. BaM VAOO'HO CHflexb? Are you sitting comfortably? 2. predic. impers. (it is) convenient. VA66HO JIH robophtl 06 3XOM? Isn't it awkward to speak about that? y^obojibctbhe neut. pleasure Konnepx flocxabhji MHO 6ojibm6e yflobojibcxbhe. / enjoyed the concert very much. H cjiyman nebn,a c y#o- BOJibcxBHeM. I listened to the singer with pleasure. ye33ka Tb, -ro, -enib, -IOT imp./ p. yexaxb, ye^ly, -emb, -yx to go away Vexaxb oxflmxaxb. To go on one's holiday. "Vexaxb us ropo^a B flepes- HK). To go from town to the country. 06MHHO OH yesjkaex na pa66xy pano yxpom. He usually goes to work early in the morning. B nponuiom ro^y H HHKy^a He yeajkaji H3 floma. Last year I didn't go away anywhere. YEXATb see ye33katb y3k particle emphasising the meaning of the word to which it refers really OneHb yjk HJIOXO OH c,n;ejiaji 9x0. He really did that very badly. TH y?k ne robopn emy 06 EJXOM. Don't you tell him about that. adv. already fl ywe HHxaJi axy KHPiry. / have already read that book. YjKe no pa H^TH flomoh. It's already time to go home. MOH CLIH y?ke My son is already grown-up. HH m. supper XOJIOAHMH ywhh. A cold supper. Ctecxb y>khh. To eat one's supper. IIpHroxoBHXb yjkhh. To cook one's supper. Eece^OBaxb aa yhthhom. To talk at supper. CeroflHH na yhh pm6a. There is fish for supper today, rtocjie ywhha. After supper. ^3KHHA Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp./ p. noy>khha xb, -ro, -einb, -rox to have supper BnycHO noyjkhhaxb. To have a tasty supper. m., gen. yajia 1. knot. KpenKHH yaeji. A tight knot. 3aBH3axb yaeji. To tie a knot. 2. fig. knot. Vaeji A knot of contradictions. -an, -oe, -ne, short form ysok, yana, y3k o, -H; comp. y>ke 1. narrow. VaKan yjinna. A narrow street. VsKHe 6pK)KH. Narrow trousers. BproKH Hyacno c^e- Jiaxb yhe. The trousers must be made narrower. 2. jig. narrow, particular. VsKan cnennajibhocxb. A narrow speciality. YsKHe HHxepecu. Narrow interests. 3. only short form ysok, yana, -6, -H too tight. 9xo njiaxbe ys- KO MHe. This dress is too tight for me. y3ha BATb, -K>, -erab, -rox imp./ p. yanalxb, -ro, -emb, -rox 1. KOTO? HXO? to recognise. H cpasy ysnaji CBoro yjinn,y. / recognised my street at once. 2. H X 0? O KOM? O H&M? to learn. V3Haxb HHxepecnyro HO- Bocxb. To learn interesting news. Ox nero MM y3hajih o nocjie^- HHX coslixhhx. We learned the latest events from him. Vsnaxb MHoro HHxepecHoro. To learn a lot of interesting things. 3. to know. Co BpeMeneM MM ysnajih ero Jiyqme. Later we got to know him better. y3hatb see y3habatb yfltfl see yxoafltb ykpachtb see ykpafflatb ykpactb see KPACTb ykpadia Tb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. ^xo? HCM? / p. ynpalcnxb, -my, -CHUIb, -CHX 1. to deck. VKpamaxb ropo^ $JiaraMH. To deck a town with flags. 2. to decorate. IjBexM ykpamarox KOMHaxy. Flowers decorate a room. ykpehfltb see ykpehjlhtb ykpehjlhltb, -ro, -emb, -rox imp. H x o? ne M?//). ykpe nnxb, -njiro, -nnmb, -nax 1. to fortify. ykpennaxb ropo^. To fortify a town. 2. fig. to strengthen. VKpemixb 3AOpOBbe. To strengthen one's health. VKpenjinxb ^pyjkecxbeh- HMC CBH3H. To strengthen friendly ties. /. 1. street. TjiaBHan yjinqa. The main street. H JKHBy na yjrane

158 yjiy 154 VMbl FopbKoro. / live in Gorky Street. HATH no yjrane. To go along the street. 2. outside. BWHTH Ha yjrany. Ha To yjinne xojioflhee, qem go out. floma. It's colder outside than inside. -K>, -emb, -rox imp. p. yjiyqm HTb, -y, -ninb, -ax to improve yjryqmaxb >KH3Hb nap6.ua. To improve the people's life. yjryqmaxb VCJIOBHH pa66xu. To improve working conditions. yjiyhina TbCfl, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -excn, -IOXCH imp. /p. yjiyqin HXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -axcn to improve Moe s^opobbe yjiynmnjiocb. My health has improved. OxHOineHHH MCJKAy axhmh cxpanamh yjiyqiiiaiox- CH. The relations between these countries are improving. see yjibiba TbCH, -rocb, -embcn, -IOXCH imp. K M y? H6My?/p. (momentaneous action) yjili6h yxbch, -ycb, -embch, -yxch to smile yjibi6nyxbch flpyry. To smile to a friend. yjib'ie KA /., gen. pi. -OK smile Pa/jocxnaH yjibi6ka. A joyous smile. FoBOpHXb c yjitiskoh. To say with a smile. CMOxpexb na pe6enka c JiacKOBOH yjitiskoh. To look at a child with a kind smile. yjiblbh^tbch see ym m. yjiblbatbch 1. no pi. intellect, mind, intelligence. FJiySoKHH ym. A profound intellect. HejioseK 6o;ibmoro yma. A man of great in- 2. telligence. intellect. Jlyqnrae VMH HejioBe- Hecxsa. The greatest intellects of mankind. <> C^exaTb B yne. To count mentally. MUG iipiiin:ro na VM. // occurred to me. JJejiaxb ITO-JIH- 60 c ymom. To do something cleverly. BosbMHCb aa ym. Be reasonable. COHTU c yma. To go mad. BbiTb 6ea yma OT ior6-jiii6o. To dote on somebody. BbiTb ce6e na yme. To know which side one's bread is buttered on. ym xopomo, a flea jiyqnie (proverb). Gf. Two heads are better than one. ymehbma Tb, -10, -emb, -rox imp. HXO?/ p. ymenbin HXb, -y, -nmb, -ax to lessen, to reduce ymchbuinxb ^abjiehhe. To lessen the pressure. ymchbinnxb CKOpocxb. To reduce the speed. ymenbiniixb KOJiHHecxBo pa6omhx. To cut down the number of workers. ymehbffla TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -CXCH, -IOXCH imp. /p. ymehbm HXbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -axch to lessen, to decrease ^asjiehhe vmenbnihjiocb. The pressure has decreased. Paccxofmne MCJKjjy IJMH 6wcxpo ymehbmajiocb. The distance between us was fast growing shorter. ymehbhihtb see ymehbinatb ymehbhihtbch see ymehbhiatb- CH ymepetb see ymhpatb yme(tb, -K>, -euib, -rox imp. usu. -\~ imp. inf. Ip. cyme xb, -10, -emb, -rox -f- p. inf. to be able, can fl ymeio qnxaxb. / can read. OH ymeex nrpaxb B XCHBHC. He can play tennis. Ona cymejia AoSnxbCH ybajkenhh. She succeeded in winning respect. ymhpa Tb, -jo, -einb, -rox imp./ p. ymepexb, ymp y, -euib, -yx, past ymep, ymepjia, ymepji o, -H 1. to die. ymepexb B To die in battle. ymepexb ox rojio^a. To die of hunger. fig. to die. 3xn H^en ne ympyx. These ideas are immortal. O ymiipaxb co cmexy. To die of laughing. ymnpaxb c rojiofly (fig.). To be starving. #MH blfl, -an, -oe, -bie, short form VMCH, ymha, ymh 6, -H; adv. ymno clever ymhhh HCJiOBeK. A clever person. OH ymch. He is clever. OH BCJI ce- 6H ymho. He behaved cleverly. ymbiba Tb, -K), -emb, -rox imp. KOro? HXO? HCM?//?. ymuxb, ym6 K>, -emb, -rox to wash JIHn,6 XOJIOAHOH

159 VMbl 155 ycji To wash one's face with cold water. ymbisaxb pe6ehka. To wash a child. ymbiba TbCH, -iocb, -euibcn, -roxca imp. qem?/p. ymbixbcn, ymo rocb, -embch, -IOTCH to wash VMbiBaTbCH xenjioh BOflOH. To wash with warm water. ymbibaxbcn c MH- JIOM. To wash with soap. YMKlTbCfl see YMblBATbCH YHHBEPMAr m. department store IJeHxpaJibHHH yhhbepmar. The central department store. Kynnxb najib- TO B yhhbepmare. To buy an overcoat at a department store. yhhbepchtet m. 1. university. MOCKOBCKHH rocy- #apcxbehhbih VHHBepCHXeX. MOS- COW State University. yqnxbch B yhhbepchxexe. To study at a university. 2. university. yhhbepciixex Kyjibxypti. A university of culture. yhhhto3ka Tb, -jo, -euib, -rox imp. KOTO? HXO? HCM?//). yhhhxo- ;K HXb, -y, -nrab, -ax to destroy yhhhxo>khxb BpajKecKyro apmhio. To wipe out the enemy army. yhhhto5khtb see yhhht05katb ynactb see HA^ATb ynotpeefttb see yilotpeejlhtb yiiotpeejifl Tb, -ro, -euib, -rox imp. HXO?/P. ynoxpe 6nxb, -6jiio, -6Hnib, -Sax to use ynoxpesjihxb nocjiobhn;bi B penn. To use proverbs when speaking. ynoxpesjihxb HOBtie cjiosa. To use new words. ynpabjlh Tb, -K), -enib, -rox imp. K e M? H e M? 1. to drive. ynpabjihxb ManiHHOH. To drive a motor-car. 2. to govern. ynpabjihxb cxpanoh. To govern a country. ynpa5khehhe neut. exercise JlerKoe ynpa?khehhe. An easy exercise. Tpy^Hoe ynpajkhehne. A difficult exercise. CfleJiaxb ynpajkhe- HHC. To do an exercise. ynphm bifl, -an, -oe, -we, short form ynphm, -a, -0, -bi; adv. ynpa- MO stubborn ynphmbih HejiOBCK. A stubborn person. OH ohchb ynpflm. He is very stubborn. ypobjehb m., gen. -HH 1. level. ypobchb JKH^KOCXH B KOJi6e. The level of the liquid in a flask. 2. fig. standard, level, ypofienb JKH3HH Hapofta. The living standard of the people. KyjibxypHHH ypobenb. The level of culture. ypo5kafl m. harvest BoraxWH ypoman. A rich harvest. Co6paxb ypojkan. To gather in the harvest. ypok m. 1. lesson. HnxepecHtiH ypok. An interesting lesson. Bbixb na ypone. To be at a lesson. Onoa- 3,axb na ypok. To be late for a lesson. ypok pycckoro H3HKa. A Russian lesson. 2. lesson, homework. Btiynnxb ypok. To learn one's lesson. Cflejiaxb ypokh. To do one's homework. 3. fig. lesson. Ilycxb axo 6y^ex BaM ypokom. Let that be a lesson to you. ycfljihbajtb, -ro, -einb, -rox imp. HXO?//?. ychji nxb, -ro, -nnib, -ax to strengthen ychjinxb fl,hcij,hnjihhy. To strengthen discipline. ycnjinxb HaSjiro^e- H0e. To intensify observation. ycfijihba TbCH, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxcn imp. I p. ychji nxbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -HXCH, -HXCH to increase HIvM yciajihjich. The noise was growing louder. ycfljihtb see ycfljihbatb ycfljihtbch see ycfljihbatbch ycjlobhe neut. 1. data, condition, noimxb ycjio- BHe aa^ahh. To understand the data of a problem. 3xo rjrabhoe ycjiobhe ycnexa. This is the chief condition for success. 2. only pi. conditions. ZIpHpo^Hbie ycjiobhh. Natural surroundings. VcjiOEHH JKH3HH. Living conditions. Pa66xaxb B THWCJIUX ycnobhflx. To work under difficult conditions. Coa/jaxb HOpMajibHbie ycjiobhh JJ;JIH pa66xw. To provide normal conditions for work. <> B T8KHX (3THX) ycjiobhflx... Under such (these) conditions. ycjib'imatb see

160 yen 156 yxo yciieba Tb, -K>, -emb, -IOT imp. -f- inf. I p. ycne Tb, -ro, -einb, -IOT usu.-\-p. inf. 1. to have enough time (to do something). OH ycneji npo^htaxb KHHry B cpok. He managed to finish the book in time. OH ycnen nphhth K yjkhhy. He was in time for supper. 2.: He ycnejra MH BHexaib H3 ropofla, KaK nome'ji flwkflb. Hardly had we left the town when it began raining. 3. only imp.: STOT CTyjjeHT He ycneeaex no < >H3HKe. This student is backward in physics. ychetb see ychebalb ycilfix m. success,zjo6htbch ycnexa B pa66xe. To achieve success in one's work. CneK- TaKJib HMCJI 6oJibmoH ycnex. The performance was a great success. JKeJiaio BaM ycnexofi! / wish you success! ycnokahba Tb, -10, -emb, -IOT imp. K o r 6? / p. ycnoko HTb, -ro, -nmb, -HT to calm, to reassure VcnOKOHTb 6onbH6ro. To reassure the patient. ycnokohtb HepBbi. To calm one's nerves. ycnokahbaitbch, -rocb, -embcn, -IOTCH imp. /p. ycnokojhtbch, -rocb, -HIHbCH, -HTCfl 1. to quieten, to become calm. Pe- 6e*HOK ycnokohjich. The child has quietened. Mope ycnokohjiocb. The sea became calm. 2. to soothe, to abate. Bojib ycno- KOHJiacb. The pain has abated. 3. to rest. He ycnokaiibatbca na AOCTHTHVTOM. Not to rest on one's achievements. YCnOKOHTb see YCnOKAHBATb YCnOKOHTbCfl see ycnokah- BATbCH yctalbatb, -16, -emb, -IOT imp. + inf. /p. ycta Tb, -ny, -Hemb, -nyt to get tired Bqepa H oqenb ycraji. / got very tired yesterday. VcxaTb OT cnopa. To get tired of arguing. VcTaTb TaHnesaTb. To get tired of dancing. yctaji bifl, -aa, -oe, -ue; adv. ycta- Jio tired qejiobck. A tired person. BarJifl/j. A tired look. jrau.6. A haggard face. OH yctajio. He looked tired. yctatb see VCTABATb ^CTHIblfl, -aa, -oe, -ue; adv. yctho oral VCTHLIH SKaaMCH. An oral examination. YcxHoe aahbjienne. An oral statement. OTBenaTb yctho. To answer orally. yctpahba Tb, -K), -emb, -IOT imp. 1TO?/p. yctp6 HTb, -K), -HHIb, -HT 1. to arrange. YcTpoHTb KOHn,epT. To arrange a concert. VcTpOHTb Benep. To arrange an eveningparty. 2. KOTO? colloq. to suit. MeHH^TO ne yctpaasaet. That doesn't suit me. yctpohtb see yctpahbatb yciil, jing. yc used rarely moustache (s) ^jihhhtie yew. A long moustache. HocHTb ycti. To wear a moustache. ytoh^tb see TOH^Tb ^TPEHH Hfl, -HH, -ee, -He morning VTpeHHee cojihine. The morning sun. ytpehhhh nporyjika. A morning stroll. neut., dat. pi. no yxpam morning Cfimee ytpo. A cool morning. C ca- Moro yxpa. From early in the morning. ^HiaTb KHHry #0 yxpa. To read the book till morning. B 7 na- COB yxpa. At 7 o'clock in the morning. adv. in the morning BcTasaTb paho yrpom. To get up early in the morning. SaBTpa ytpom MH see pemhm. We'll settle everything tomorrow morning, m., gen. -a iron ^HH ytk>r. A hot iron. TjiayTioroM. To iron (to press), neut., pi. ymh, ymen ear BoJibHtie ymn. Bad ears. <> CKaaaTb na yxo. To whisper into somebody's ear. He eepntb CBOHM ymam. Not to believe one's ears. Eo ymn BJiiofraTbCfl B KOFO- JIHOO. To be head over heels in love with somebody. OflfiTb, yxowy, yxoflnmb, yxoflht imp. I p. yhth, yhfljy, ^ -emb, -yt, past yme'ji, ymji a, -6, -H to go away, to leave

161 yxy 157 OH Kyiraji KHHry H ymeji H3 Mara- 3HHa. He bought the book and left the shop. Bee ynijih Ha BKCKypcnio. Everybody has gone on an excursion. <0> OH ymeji c TOJIOBOH B pa66xy. He is up to his eyes in work. yjjmaltb, -K>, -eint, -IOT imp. ITO? / p. yxyjrnraxb, yxy/nnly, -Hmb, -at to make worse yxyfloraxb CBoe nojiojkenhe. To make one's situation worse. yftfflaltbch, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -exca, -roxca imp. I p. yxy;nii HXbca, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -nxca, -area to deteriorate, to become worse HojioJKeHHe B cxpaee yxyjniihjiocb. The situation in the country has deteriorated. Sfloposbe 6ojibHoro yxyjmihjiocb. The patient's health has become worse. see see yhactb OBATb, -yro, -yeinb, -yiox imp. B q e M? to take part ynacxbobaxb B copebhobahhax. To take part in competitions. yhacthe neut., no pi. B q e M? participation ripiraaxb yqactne B KOHnepxe. To take part in a concert. y^acthhk m. participant -Ka yhact OK m., gen. 1. section. JlecHoii ynacxok. A section of a forest. 2. sector. BaJKHbia ynaciok pa66- Tbi. An important sector of work. 3. district. HsfiHpaTejibHbiH y^a- CTOK. An electoral district. m. text-book pycckoro H3biKa. A Russian text-book. y*ie6hhk AJIH Tex- HHnecKHx HHCTHxyTOB. A text-book for technical institutes. y*lebh bift, -an, -oe, -we school, academic y^esntih TOA A school (academic) year. yqe6eoe noc66ne. An aid to study, a teaching aid. m., gen. -a 1. pupil. yqenhk cpeanen HIKOJIEI. A secondary-school pupil. 2. pupil, disciple. yqemik aname- HHTOFO npo >eccopa. The famous professor's pupil.. yheh bifl, -an, -oe, -Lie 1. scientific, academic, CTeneHb. An academic degree. 2. used as n. scientist. HsfiecTHbiH yqe'hhh. A well-known scientist. yhflteji b m., pi. -H teacher y^nxejib $H3HKH. A physics teacher. Pa66xaTb ynnxejiem B mnojie. To work as a schoolmaster. Cxaxb To become a teacher. y^y, ynnoib, yqax imp. 1. p. Bwyq HTb, -y, -nmb, -ax H x o? to learn, y^nxb ypok. To learn one's lesson. Bwynnxb CXHXOXBOpenne. To learn a poem. 2. p. Haynnxb, Hayny, Hay^Hinb, naynax ^ e M y? & -f- inf. t to teach, y^iixb nnxaxb H nucaxb. To teach to read and to write. y^hxb pycckomy aawky. To teach Russian. yhfltbcfl, ynycb, ynnmbch, yqaxca imp. qemy? &-}-inf./p. Haynnxb- CH, naynycb, HaynninbCH, Haynaxca 1. to learn, to study. y*mxb- CH njiabaxb. To learn to swim. yhhxbch pycckomy HSLIKy. To study Russian. 2. no p. to study. MOH 6pax yqnxch B yhhbepchxexe. My brother studies at the university. <C> BCK /KIIHM B6K yhhcfa (proverb). Ci. Live and learn. yk)th bifl, -aa, -oe, -bie; adv. yrox- HO cosy, comfortable yroxnaa KOMHaxa. A cosy room. 3flecb onenb yioxho. It is very comfortable here. OABPHKA /. 0), factory TeKCXHJibnaa ^^pnka. A textile factory. PaSoxaxb na $a6phke. To work at a factory. OAKT m. fact <DAKyjIbTET m. )akx. A real fact. robopax o XOM, HXO OH 6mi npab. The facts show that he was right. faculty, department OHJIOCO^CKHH $akyjibxex. The philosophy department. yqhxbca Ha XHMH^ecKOM <akyjibxexe. To study at the chemistry department Ilocxy-.

162 <DAM 158 XAP HMXb Ha $H3HHeCKHH <f>akyjibxex. To enter the physics department. OAMflJIHH /. (sur)name (DaMHJiHH cxy^ehxa. The student's name. KaK Baiua (^amiijinn? What's your name? Moa DaMHJiHH HsaHOB. My name is Ivanov. <DEBPAJI b m., gen. -H February B <J>eBpaJie ^acio 6biBaiox Mexejra. In February there are often snowstorms. SaBxpa nfixoe $ebpajm. Tomorrow is the fifth of February. OH yeswaex BOCbMoro <f)ebpajih. He leaves on the eighth of February. onrypa /. 1. figure. CxpoimaH (fmrypa. A slender form. V Hee xopoman (f)iirypa. She has a good figure. 2. figure. FeoiviexpifaecKafl (jmrypa. A geometrical figure. cdftshka /. physics IIpoGjieMbi < )H3HKH. The problems of physics. SaHHMaxbca < >H3HKOH. To study physics. JIeKn,HH no ( >H- 3HKe. Lectures on physics. fl^ephaa $H3HKa. Nuclear physics. <H3fiHECK Hfl, -an, -oe, -He 1. physical. 0H3HHecKaH cwjia. Physical strength. SaniiMaxbCH $H- SH^ecKHM xpyflom. To do physical work. 2. physics. OnsHHecKHH $akyjibxex. The physics department. OH3KyjIbT^PA /. (= 4>H3HHec- Kaa Kyjibxypa) physical culture SaHHMaxbCH 4> H3 KyJibxypoH. To go in for physical culture. SaHHXHH no < )H3Kyjibxype. Physical culture lessons. OHJIbM m. film Hay^HO-nonyjiflpHWH $HJibM. A popular science film. J^OKyMenxaJib- HUH ^)HJibM. A documentary film. Xy/j6>KecxBeHHbiH AnjibM. A feature film. OJIAF m. flag Focy^apcxBeHHHH $Jiar. The national flag. OJIOT m. fleet BoenHO-MOpCKOH (fawn. The navy. ToproBHH $jiox. The merchant marine. BosAyuiHbiH $jiox. The air fleet. QOHTAH m. 1. fountain. Ha njioma^h 6biji $OH- Tan. There was a fountain in the square. 2. gusher. HC^XHHOH <f)ohxah. An oil-gusher. OOPMA /. 1. shape. GXOJI KpyrjroH $6pMH. A round table. npe^mex HMeex $6pMy mapa. The object has the shape of a ball. 2. form. CojjepjKaHHe H $6pMa. The content and the form. 3. uniform. BoeHHan <6pMa. Military uniform. <> BbiTb B 4>t>pMe. To be in good form. BbiTb ne B 4>opMe. Not to be in good form. OOPTOHIKA /., gen. pi. -en fortochka (a small hinged window pane used for ventilation) OxKpbixb < 6pxoqKy. To open the fortochka. Cnaxb npn oxkpbixoh with the (fxspfdhke. To sleep fortochka open. <DOTOAniIAPAT m. camera CHHMaxb ^oxoannapaxom. To photograph. <DOTOrPAO>flP OBATb, -yro, -yeinb, -yiox imp. K o r 6? H x o? / p. c<oxorpa$np OBaxb, -yio, -yeuib, -yiox to photograph <Doxorpa< )HpoBaxb pe6e'hka. To photograph a OPOHT child. m., -bi front pl.^ HAXH na ^)pohx. To go to the front. CpajKaxbCH na ( )p6hxe. To be fighting at the front. OP^KTbl on/j/ pi. fruit CBejKne ^pykxbi. Fresh fruit. ITo- Kynaxb $pykxu B MarasHHe. To buy fruit at a shop. football Hrpaxb B $yx66ji. To play football. CopeBHOBaHHH no $yx6ojiy. Football competitions. OYTBOJI m. X, x HHH xajiax. XAPAKTEP m. A dressing-gown. XAJIAT m. overalls Pa6oHHii xajiax. Overalls. KynaJib- Hbiii xajiax. A bath-robe. JloM&ui- 1. character. CHJibHbiH xapanxep. A strong character. TBepjibiH xapakxep. A strong character. Bo- JICBOH xapanxep. A strong-willed

163 XBA 159 XOJ1 person. Hepxti xapanxepa. Traits of character. 2. nature. Xapanxep MGCTHOCTH. The nature of the country. XBAJIflTb, XBajno, XBaJiHinb, XBajmx imp. KOTO? HTO? 3 a ^T 6?/ p. noxbajihxb, noxbajik), noxbajihnib, noxbajihx to praise XBajmxb ynemika sa xoponrah ox- Bex. To praise a pupil for his good answer. XsaJiHXb HOBIJH cxanok. To praise a new machine-tool. XBATAjTb 1, -ro, -eiiib, -IOT imp. KO- TO? HTO?//?. cxsaxhxb, cxbany, cxbaxhhib, cxbatht to seize OH cxbaxhji M6HH sa pyky. He seized my hand. XBATA Tb 2, -ex, -Jio ^past impers., imp. f p. XBaxHXb, XB&THX, past XBaxnjio to have enough MM XBaTHT BpeM6HH CflCJiaXb ypokh. They'll have enough time to do their lessons. Euy ne xsataet BpeMean xopomo yqhtb ypokh. He has no time to learn his lessons well. <> 3Toro enje HG XBaxaJio! As if we didn't have enough trouble without that! XBATflTb see XBATATb 2 XBOCT m., gen. -a tail XHMflHECKIHH, -an, -oe, -He 1. chemical. XHMH^ecKHH A chemical element. 2. chemistry, chemical. CKHH ^akyjibtct. The chemistry department. XHMifaecKaH Jia6opaTOpnfl. A chemical laboratory. XflMHfl /. chemistry HeoprauHHecKan XHMHH. Inorganic chemistry. OprammecKaH XHMHH. Organic chemistry. H3y i iatb XHMHK). To study chemistry. XflTP bifl, -an, -oe, -tie 1. cunning, crafty. XHTPMH HCJIO- B6K. A cunning person. XnTpue rjiasa. Crafty eyes. XnTpan yjibi6ka. A cunning smile. 2. fig. tricky. XHTPMH Bonpoc. A tricky XJIEB m. question. 1. no pi. bread. EejitiH xjie6. White bread. HepntiH XJie6. Brown bread. CBC>KHH XJie6. Fresh bread. MarKHH xjie6. Soft bread. xjie6. Stale bread. 2. pi. xjie6bi, gen. pi. xjie6os loaf. KpyrJibiH A xjie6. round loaf. 3. pi. xjie6a, gen. pi. xjie6ob corn. VSopna XJieSoB. The corn harvest. XJIOIIIOK m., gen. -Ka cotton XOJJfiTb, xojky, xoahmb, XO^HT imp. (cf. CXOflHTb 2 ) 1. to walk. On flojiro XO^HJI no KOMHaTe. He walked about the room for a long time. 2. to go. ^CTH XOflflT B UIKOJiy. Children go to school. OHH MacTO xoflht B TOCTH. They often go visiting. KaJK/jyio cy66oty CTy- ^ehtbi XO^HT na BeHepa. Every Saturday the students go to evening-parties. 3. to wear. OH Bcerjia XO^HT B i iep- HOM KOCTiOMe. He always wears a black suit. <> XoflHTb neuikom. To go on foot. X03HHH m., pi. xoaaeba, xosaeb 1. host. XosflHH jjoma. The master of the house. XOSHHH npurjiachji rocten K CTOJiy. The host asked the guests to take their places at table. 2. owner, master. XOSHHH ycajjb- 6bi, $a6phkh. The owner of an estate, factory. \\ fig. XosnHH CBoero BpeMeHH. The master of one's time. XOSHHH CBOCH cyjjb- 6bi. The master of one's own destiny. XO3HHCTBO neut. 1. no pi. economy. ConHajracTHHec- Koe X03HHCTBO. Socialist economy. HapOflHOe XOSHHCTBO. National economy. CeJibCKoe XOSHH- CTBO. Agriculture. 2. farm. KojuieKTHBHoe XOBHH- CTBO. A collective farm, nepe/jo- Boe X03HHCTBO. A progressive farm. OTCTaJioe XOSHHCTBO. A backward farm. XOJIOAflJIbHHK m. refrigerator.ijoctahb MaCJIO H3 XOJIOflHJIbHHKa! Get the butter out of the refrigerator/ XOJIOJJHlblft. -an, -oe, -tie, short form xojioaeh, xonoaha, XOJIOAH O, -w; adv. XOJIOAHO 1. cold. XOJIOAHHH BeTep. A cold wind. XO^OAHMH qan. Cold tea. 2. fig. cold. XojioflHtiH oxsex. A

164 XOP 160 UBE cold answer. XoJioflHtie oxhome- HHH. Cold relations. XOJIOAHHH BarJiHA- A cold look. OH OTBG- THJI XOJIOAHO. He answered coldly. \predic. impers. Ha yjiaue 6ujio XOJIOAHO. It was cold outside. <> Ho.iHTiiKa xojiofliioii noiiiibi. Cold war policy. XOPOffl Hfl, -an, -ee, -ne, short form xopom, -a, -6, -0; adv. xopomo; comp. jiy^me (q. v.) good Xopouian noroaa. Fine weather. Xopoiiiee Hacxpoemie. A good mood. XopouiHH rojioc. A good voice. Xopo- IIIHH oxbex. A good answer. Xopomo nrpaxb B niaxmaxbi. To play chess well. 3xo OHCHb xopomo. It is very good.\predic. impers. Xopomo 6biJio sa ropoaom! It was good in the country! Xopomo 6bi noexaxb sa ropofl! It would be good to go to the country! <0 Bcero xoporaero! All the best! XOTETb, xomy, xoqemb, XO^GT, XOXHM, xotirxe, XOTHT imp. qero? or-jinf./p. saxoxexb, saxony, saxoqemb, aaxonex, 3axoTHM, aaxoxhte, saxotht to want OH XOTGJI BHAGTb ee. He wanted to see her. Pe6e80K xoxeji KOH< )et. The child wanted some sweets. H xo i iy, i ito6bi TW npnmeji ceroahh Be^epOM. 7 want you to come tonight. XOTETbCH impers. xoqeich imp.. KOMy? Hero? or -f in f- IP- 3axoT6TbCH, aaxohexcfl to want Mne xoqetca noiith B xeaxp. 7 want to go to the theatre. Mee xonexca nnxb. 7 am. thirsty. E\iy xoxejiocb CKOpee nohxh K H6H. He wanted to go to her as soon as possible. XOTH (XOTb) con], though nyxeinecxbehhhkh ^BwnyjiHCb B nyxb, xoxfi 6biJio xemho. The travellers started on their journey though it was dark. XPABP BIB, -an, -oe, -bie; ade. xpa6- po brave Xpa6pbiH cojinax. A brave soldier. Xpa6pbiH nocxynok. A brave action. Xpa6po cpajkaxbch. To fight bravely. XPAH fltb, -K>, -nmb, -HX imp. H T o? 1. to keep. Xpannxb Macno B. To keep butter in a refrigerator. 2. to keep. Xpaanxb niicbma pyra. To keep one's friend's letters. Xpannxb B namflxn 66paa Maxepn. To keep the image of one's mother in one's memory. XY,H05KECTBEHH bifl, -an, -oe, -tie artistic XyAOJKecxBeiraoe nponabeflehhe. A work of art. XyAOHtecxBeHHan JIHxepaxypa. Fiction. HWH $HJibM. A feature film. HOCTb. Amateur theatricals. AOHCHHK m. 1. artist, painter. xyaojkhhk. A gifted artist. 2. master. XVJJOJKHHK cjiosa. A piaster of elocution. -an, -oe, -bie thin AOH pesehok. A thin child. comp. of adj. njioxoii & adv. njioxo 1. worse, not so good. IIoroAa ceroahh xywe, H6M Bqepa. Today the weather is not so good as it was yesterday. 2. worse. OH qybcxsyex ce6a xy- JK6, H6M B^epa. He feels worse than he did yesterday. IJAP b m., gen. -H 1. tsar. PyccKHH sian Tsar. The Rus- 2. king. LJapb 3Bepen. The king of animals. IJapb nxhn;. The king of birds. <> IIpn qape Topoxe. In olden times. Bes i^apa B rojiose. None too clever. IJBE CTfl, -xy, -xeuib, -xyx, past HBCJI, nsejila, -6, -H imp to blossom LjBexe'x cnpenb. The lilacs are in blossom. BHIUHH qsexex. The cherrytrees are in blossom. IJBET m., pi. -a colour KaKoro n,bexa Banie najibxo? What colour is your coat? IlaJibxo ceporo n,bexa. A grey coat. ILrcaxbH HPKHX n;bexob. Gay-coloured dresses. IJBETH Ofl, -'aa, -oe, -we coloured Coloured

165 UBE 161 HAft pencils. LJaeTHOH < )HJIBM. A colour film. IjBeTHwe Mexajuiw. Non-ferrous metals. IJBET OK m., gen. -Ka; pi. UBeTU, nsetob flower.zjyuihctbie HBeTBi. Sweet-smelling flowers. BBipamnBaxb HBCTBI. To grow flowers. Ona npnuijia c U.BCT- KOM B BOJiocax. She came with a flower in her hair. IJEJIHHA /. virgin soil EoflHHMaTL uejihhy. To plough virgin lands. OcBaHBaiB ii,e Jinny. To bring virgin lands under the plough. IJEJI OBATb, -yio, -yenib, -yrot imp. KOTO? HTO?//>. HonejiloBaTB, -yio, -yeinb, -yiox to kiss LJejiOBaxB pe6ehka. To kiss a child. non,ejiobatb MaTB. To kiss the mother. IJEJIIOBlTbCH, -yrocb, -yenibcn, imp. c K e M?/p. nou;eji o-, -yrocb, -yenibca, -yiotca to kiss one another KpenKO nonejiobatbch c apyrom. To kiss one's friend affectionately. IJfiJI bifi, -an, -oe, -BIG, short form IJGJI, ^ejia, ^eji o, -BI 1. unbroken. CxaKaH ynaji, HO oc- TaJiCH n;ejibim. The glass fell, but it did not break. 2. only complete form whole. OH EBIHHJI IjeJIBIH KyBEUHH BOflBI. He drank the whole jug of water. <> IJeji ii HeepeAHM. Safe and sound. IJEJIb /. target. CipejiHTB B ^ejib. To shoot at a target. 2. objective. IIocTaBHTBceSeEtejiBK). To set oneself as an objective. ^OCTHHB CBoen n,ejih. To achieve one's objective.,d o6htbch HCJIH. To succeed in one's aim. LJejiB JKH3HH. One's object in life. <> C uejibio, B ijejiax... With the object of... IJEHA /., ace. n;ehy; pi. n,ehbi price. BucoKan n;eha. A high price. HiiSKne n;ehbi. Low prices. LJena KOCTioMa. The price of a suit. IloBBiniaTB n;ehbi na nponyktbi. To raise prices of food-stuffs. CHHJKaTB I^eHBI Ha To cut the prices of clothes. HoBBiuieHHe ii,eh Ha 10% (npon;ehtob). A 10 per cent price rise. CmttKeHHe n,eh Ha 20% (npou,ehtob). A 20 per cent price cut. 2. fig. value. <> JlioSoii u,ehofi. At any price. I^EHTP m. 1. centre. I^enip ropo^a. The centre o/ the city (town). B ijehtpe ropo^a. In the centre of the town. 2. centre. PanonHBiH n,ehtp. The centre of a region. IIpOMBimjieH- HBie ^ehtpbi CTpanti. The industrial centres of the country. UeHTp HayKH. A scientific centre. -0> I^enxp TflJKecTii. The centre of gravity. IJEHTPAJIbH tlfl, -an, -oe, -Bie central L(eHTpaJiBHBiH Tcjierpa( ). The central telegraph office. IJeHTpaJiBHBie rasetbi. Central newspapers. E[eHTpajiBHBie yjihi^bi. Central streets. I^EIIb /., prepos. o neira & Ha nenh 1. chain. CoSaKa Ha n,enn. The dog is on a chain. 2. fig. chain. LJenn rop. Chains of mountains. IJEPKOBb /., gen. ^epkbh; pi. n,epk- BH, n;epkbeh, uepkbam, etc. church CxapHHHaH ^epkobb. An old church. IJEX m., prepos. B n,exy & o (B) n,exe; pi. n,exa (work)shop Ha^aJTBHHK uexa. A shop foreman. Pa66iaTB B n,exy (u,exe). To work at a shop. IJHPK m. circus JlOHTH B DinpK. To go to the circus. B unpke SBIJIO MHOFO Hapo^y. There were many people at the circus. 1. tea. FpyaiiHCKHH qafi. Georgian tea. IlHTb nan. To drink tea. HaniKa nan. A cup of tea. KHH ^ah. Strong tea. HaH. Weak tea. IJftc&PA /. figure PeSeiioK yihjich nncatb i^^pbi. The child was learning to write figures. Kp6n-

166 MAfl 162 HEP 2. tea. EeceAOBaxb aa *iaem. To talk over tea. <0> IIpnrjiacHTb iia nauiky qan. To ask to tea. HAflHHK m. teapot; teakettle 1 IAC m., gen. i iaca & iiaca (with cardinal num.), prepos. o *iace, B *iace & B... nacy; pi. -w hour Koxopuii qac? What time is it? B nac AHH..4* one o'clock in the afternoon. B tiexbepxom *iacy. Between 3 and 4 o'clock. l lepea AB& Haca. In two hours. Onoaftaxb na qac. To be an hour late. Tpn l iaca npojiexejin HeaaMexHO. Three hours flew by without anyone noticing it. HacM niik. The rush hours. B jioopbiii nac! Good luck! HACTO adv., comp. Mame (q.v.) often L Iacio Bcxpe*iaxb 'icjiobena. To meet a person often. Iacxo xojjmxb B Teaxp. To go to the theatre often. MacTO 6ojieib. To be often ill. HACT b /., gen. pi. -en 1. part. Hacib MauiHHbi. A part of a machine. BoJibiuaa nacxb AOMa 6bijra aahhia CTOJIOBOH. Most of the house was occupied by a dining-hall. Hacib jiio;i,eh yuijja c cospanhh. Some people left the meeting. 2. part. IlepBafl *iacib pomaiia. The first part of the novel. 3. part. MacTH CBexa. Parts of the world. pi., no sing, timepiece nacbi. A wrist watch. HACTHlblfl, -an, -oe, -tie 1. particular. HacxHtiii cjiyqafi..4 particular case. Hacxiibin BOnpoc. A particular question. 2. private. Hacxnan cogcxsehhocxb. Private property. Cxeii- Hbie i iacbi. A wall clock. Macbi ciieuiaxna 5 Manyx. The clock is 5 minutes fast. Hacw oxcxarox na 3 MHnyxbi. The clock is 3 minutes slow. Hacbi H^yx xopomo. The clock keeps good time. Hacti ocxaiiobhjincb. The clock has stopped. l lacbi cxonx. The clock doesn't go. /., gen. pi. -CK cup Hainna. A teacup. Kp<j)efinafl HamKa. A coffee cup. Bbinnxfa ^aio. To drink a cup of tea. HAUJE comp. of adv. qacxo oftener PaHbine xbi xoflhji KO MHG qame. You used to come and see me oftener. fl name xe6a xomy B KHHO. / go to the cinema oftener than you do. L IEfl, HbH, ibe, *ibh pron. whose HeH xo cjiobapb? Whose dictionary is it? HbH &xo xexpa^b? Whose copy-book is this? Hbe ^xo nepo? Whose pen is this? HbH &xo KHHrn? Whose books are these? MEfl-TO, l ibh-xo, Hbe-xo, qbh-xo pron. somebody's fl no ouni6ke BSHJI qefi-xo nopx- (J)ejib. / took somebody's brief-case by mistake. HEJIOBEK m., pi. JIIOAH, JnojteH, jiro- AHM, jiioabmh, o JIIOAHX man, person CBOOO^HUH iiejiobek. A free person. Xop^uiHH yejioeek. A good person. Hac SLIJIO nnxb qejioben. There were fire of us. <> Mojio,n6ii HGJiOBeK. A young man. MEJIOBEMECKlHfl, -ah, -oe, -He 1. human. HejiOBenecKoe 66mecxBO. Human society. 2. humane, kind. HejiOBeqecKoe oxhouiehhe. Humane attitude. mankind MEJIOBEHECTBO neut. 1 IEM conj. than Bpax cxapme, HCM cecxpa. The brother is older than the sister. OH npnuie'ji nosanee, ^em Bqepa. He came later than yesterday. <> T IeM puiihiuo, TCM jiyqine. The earlier, the better. MEMOj^AH m. suit-case, trunk MEMIIHOH m. champion HeMnnoii no uiaxmaxam. A chess champion. HeMnnoH no A swimming champion. HEPE3 prep. + ace. 1. across. riepeiixh *iepe3 To cross a square. Ilepenjibixb peny. To swim across a 2. over, ripbirnyxb nepea 3a6r5p. To jump over a fence. 3. through. Bjieaxb nepes OKHO. To climb through the window. HAXH qepea Jiec. To go through the wood. 4. in. Omi Bepnyjincb qepes Mecnn;. They returned a month later. Hepea xpii #HH OH yexaji. He left in three days.

167 MEP 163 HTO 5. every other... IIpHHHMaTb jienapctbo qepea qac. To take medicine every other hour. Xo^HTb Kyfla-jiHSo i iepes AGHB. To go somewhere every other L day. IEPHflJIA pi., no sing, ink Hepatic nephhjia. Black ink. Ilncara nephhjiamh. To write in ink. HEPHIblfl, -an, -oe, -me black *lephbie BOJiocbi. Black hair. <> HepHbiii xjie6. Brown bread. Hepnan HKpa. Black caviare. Hep- Hbiii KO<j)e. Black coffee. 1 IEPT m., pi. Mepra, qepxen devil <>IIocjiaTb K qepxy. To send to hell. IJO.JI.MM! The deuce take it! Mepx HepT c HUM! Let him go HEPTA /. 1. line. HpOBecTM qepiy. a line. to hell! To draw 2. boundary. Hepxa ropofla. The city (town) boundary. 3. trait. ^eptbi xapakiepa. Traits of character. <> Hepxbi JiHU,a. Features. HECTHjblH, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form qecxeh, necxha, iecth o, -ti; adv. HCCTHO honest HecTHbiH nejiobek. An honest person. HecTHbie rjiaaa. Honest eyes. T IIocTynHTb iectho. To act honestly. <> ^axb necxhoe CJIOBO. To give one's word of honour. HETBEPO num. four HeiBepo ApyaeH. Four friends. Hx GHJIO iiexbepo. There were four of them. l IETBEPT b /., gen. pi. -efi quarter. HeiBepib H6jiOKa. A 2. of quarter. MeiBepib naca. quarter of an hour. Bea vietbepth quarter an apple. nflib. It is a quarter to five. Ceiiqac netbepib niectoro. It is a quarter past five. HHHHinb, I IHHHT imp. HHHflTb, IIHHIO, HTO? I p. DOIHHHTb, no^hhio, HO- HHHHuib, nohhhht to mend 11* IIoHHHiiTb uacbi. To mend a watch. l lhhhtb HOCKH. To mend socks. HHCJIO neut., pi. Hiicjia, qiiceji, HHCjiaM, etc. 1 number. LJeJioe HHCJIO. A whole number. Bojibiuoe IHCJIO JiK),n,eH. A large number of people. BbiTb B qncjie Apyaefi. To be among one's friends. 2. date. KaKoe cero^hh qncjio? What is the date today? B nepblix ^HCJiax Mapxa. Early in March. <C> B TOM *incjie... Including... Hfl CTHTb, -my, -CTHinb, -CTHT imp. H T o? i e M? 1. p. nohh CTHTb, -my, -CTHIIIb, -CTHT to clean. HricraTb sygu me'tkoii. To clean one's teeth with a toothbrush. ^HCTHTb 60- THHKH. To clean one's boots. 2. p. OHHJCTHTb, -my, -CTHIIIb, -CTHT to peel. HwcTHTb KapToiimy. To peel potatoes. O^HCTHTb anejib- CHH^ To peel an orange. MHCT bih, -an, -oe, -tie, short form HHCT, HHCTa, *IHCT O, -H; adv. qiicto; comp. imme 1. clean. L lhctan BO^a. Clean water. HiicTbie pykh. Clean hands. ^HCTan py6amka. A clean shirt. 2. pure. HiiCToe SOJIOTO. Pure gold. MncTan uiepctb. Pure wool. 3. fig. clear. L lhctan cosectb. Clear conscience. FoBOpnTb na *IHCTOM pycckom HSbiKe. To speak good Russian. G^eJiaTb no^apok OT qiictoro cep,n,ii;a. To give a present without any ulterior motives. HHTA Tb, -K), -eiiib, -IOT imp. l i T o?/ p. iipo^hta Tb, -10, -eiiib, -IOT 1. to read. ^HTaTb raaety. To read a newspaper. HirraTb EyuiKHiia. To read Pushkin. ^HTaTb BCJiyx. To read aloud. 6n. LInTaTb To read oneself. to npo ce- 2. to deliver. ^HTaTb To deliver a lecture. jieki;hk). HJIEH m. member l ljien cembii. A member of the family. Hjien napthh. A member of a party. ^IjieHbi npabhtejibctua. Members of the government. HTEHHE neut. 1. reading. Kinira ^JIH HTeHHH. A reader, a reading book. 2. reading. ^OMamnee Home-reading. HTO 1 [IUTO] pron., gen. qero dat. iiemy, ace. qto, instr. *IOM, prepos. o VGM what HTO aejiatb? What is to be done? HTO OH cnasaji? What did he say? 'ie'm OH flmaet? What is he

168 164 U1AP thinking about? fl CKaaaji, I said what I thought. <> HTO ro aa semb? What sort of thing is that? HTO 2 [OTTO] con/, that fl flymajia, qxo axo HHxepecno. / thought it would be interesting. HTGEbl [uix66bi] con/. 1. in order (to) or rendered by the inf. *Ix66bi xopoino anaxb HSWK, H3AO MHOrO BaHHMaXbCfl. To know a language well one must study a lot. OH Bcxa-Ji oienb pa- HO, Hx66bi He onosaaxb. He got up very early in order not to be late. 2. that. Bee JIIOAH HQ aemjie XOTHT, qx66bi He 6bijio BOHHbi. All the people in the world wish that there should be no war. BaM npo- CMJIH nepeaaxb, qx66bi BLI npnmjih aabxpa. They asked me to tell you to come tomorrow. [inxo-] pron., gen. qeace. qxo-hh6yab, instr. qem-hh6ya*> prepos. o qe'm-hn6yab something PaccKO>KH MHC Hx6-HH6yAi>- Tell me something. [fflxo-] pron., gen. qero-xo [qhbo-], dat. qemy-xo, ace. HXO-XO, instr. 'lem-xo, prepos. o ICM-XO something Hxo-xo ynajio B coceahen KOMnaxe. Something fell in the adjoining room. H^BCTBO [qycxba] neut. feeling Hcntixaxb rjiy6okoe qybcxbo pa- AOCXH. To feel great joy. HyscxBo cojihaapnocxh. A feeling of solidarity..q^bctbiobatb [qycxbasaxb], -yro, -yemb, -yrox imp. q x o?//?. noqyficx- B OBaTb, -yio, -yenib, -yiox to feel HyscxBOBaxb 6ojib. To feel a pain. IloqyBcxBOBaxb TOJIOA- To feel hungry. HyscxBOBaxb rjiygokoe yfiawehhe. To have profound respect. <> Kan EM ces/i qyactsyete? How do you feel? H qybctbyio ce6[ HJIOXO (xoporao). / feel bad (all right). LIfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form qyaecen, qyaech a, -o, -LI; adv. qya^cho wonderful L IyAecHan ACByuiKa. A wonderful girl. HyAecHan noroaa. Wonderful weather, fl qyaccho ce6n qyacxbyio. / feel fine. Hy5K Ofl, -an, -6e, -ne 1. somebody else's. HywoM nopx- ^>ejib. Somebody else's brief-case. 2. strange. HywoH HCJIOB^K. A strange man. 3. foreign. ^yjk^h aemjia. A foreign land. HYJlOK m., gen. qyjika; pi. qyjikh, qyjiok, qyjikam, etc. stocking Hpocxbie qyjikh. Ordinary stockings. DlepcxflHbie qyjikh. Woollen stockings. KanponoBLie qyjikh. Kapron stockings. HYTb adv. nearly, scarcely OH qyxb ne onoaaaji Ha noesa- He was+nearly late for his train. OH robophji qyxb c.iwniho. He spoke scarcely audibly. qytb-h^tb adv. nearly, a little bit fl qyxb-qyxb He ynaji. / nearly fell. FoBopn qyxb-qyxb Speak a little louder. m, in IHAF m., gen. mara & mara (with cardinal num.); pi. uiarn 1. step. ninpokmh mar. A long step. 2. fig. step. 3xo HOBHH niar BHCpe'A- This is a new step forward. <> Hain AOM HaxoAHTCfl B ffbyx niarax OT ocxahobkii xpambuh. Our house is a few steps away from a tram stop. Ha K&XCAOM mary BCTpoMa;iiici> MarasHHbi. There were shops at every step. 1IIAII KA /., gen. pi. -OK cap MexosaH uiank8. A fur cap. Hociixb nianky. To wear a cap. Xo- AHXb 6ea uiankh. To go without a cap. fflap m., pi. -M 1. sphere. L[eHxp mapa. The centre of a sphere. PaAnyc mapa. The radius of a sphere. 2. globe. SeMHOH map. The terrestrial globe. BosAyniHbiH map. A balloon. fflapo m. scarf TenjibiH map( ). A warm scarf.

169 UJAX IVM UIAXMATLI pi., no sing, chess Hrpaxb B maxmaxbi. To play chess. HeMnnoH Miipa no maxmaxam. The world chess champion. fflaxta /. mine, pit VrojibHaa maxxa. A coal mine.,zjo6bibaxb yrojib B maxxe. To mine coal in a pit. IHEJIK m., pi. niejika silk Iljiaxbe H3 nie'jika. A dress made of silk. HaxypaJibHbiH me'jik. Natural silk. McKyccxBeHHbiH me'jik. Artificial silk. HlEjIKOBIblfl, -an, -oe, -me silk fflejikobbih njiaxok. A silk scarf. nie'jikobaa py6anika. A silk shirt. fflenotom adv. in a whisper FoBOpiixb.menoxoM. To speak in a whisper. IIIEIITATb, uienqy, menqenib, menqyx imp. HXO? KOMy?//?. npomenxaxb, npoinenny, nporaenqemt, nporaenqyx to whisper ry6bi ee HXO-XO inenxajih. Her lips were whispering something. OH npomenxaji HOBOCXB Ha yxo cocefly. He whispered the news into his neighbour's ear. IHEPCTb f., no pi. 1. hair (of an animal), ^jumnaa mepcxt. Long hair. 2. wool. Tpy6afl mepcxb. Coarse wool. 3. wool. KOCXIOM H3 HHCXOH mep- CXH. A suit of pure wool. fflepcxb Ha njiaxbe. A length of woollen material for a dress. HIEPCTHH Ofl, -ah, -6e, -tie woollen fflepcxhhbie HOCKH. Woollen socks. DlepcxHHoe njiaxbe. A woollen dress. ffleh /. neck ^JiHHHaa niea. A long neck. TOH- Kaa mea. A thin neck. Howixb 6y- CBI na mee. To wear beads around one's neck. <> CHfleTb na race y poahtejiea. To be on one's parents' hands. nihpok Hfl, -an, -oe, -He, short form nrapok, -a, -6, -H; adv. mnpoko; comp. mnpe 1. broad, wide. ZHnpOKaH peka A wide river. HlnpOKHH none. A broad belt. H xo^y, ^x66bi i66ka 6biJia mnpe. / want the skirt wider. 2. fig. HlHpOKHe B03MOJKHOCXH. Great possibilities. HlnpOKaH naxypa. A generous person. 3. only short form too wide. IlJiaxbe MHC innpoko B nonce. The dress is too large in the waist for me. fflhtb, nib K>, -enib, -lox, imper. men imp. HXO? KOMy? HeMy? / p. cinnxb, coinb K>, -enib, -rox to sew, to make IHnxb njiaxbe JJ;JIH jjohepn. To make a dress for one's daughter. CmHXb KOCXIOM B axejibe. To have a costume made at a dressmaker's. UIKAO m., prepos. B nika^y & o mka$e; pi. mka$bi KHHJKHHH mka$. A bookcase. KHHra CXOHX B mna^y Ha nojike. The book is on a shelf in the bookcase. IlJiaxHHOH mka$. A wardrobe. HecropaeMbiii nika( ). A safe. IHKOJIA /. 1. school. VqiixbCH B nikojie. To go to school. Hocxynnxb B IUKO- Jiy. To enter school. OKOHqiixb mnojiy. To finish school. 2. fig. school. OH npome'ji xoponiyio uikony JKHBHH. Life has been a good school to him. <> HaqaJibHaH nikujia. A primary school. CpeAHHfl mkojia. A secondary school. Bbicman inkojia. A higher school. My;jbiKa;ii,naji uikojia. A musical school. fflko- Jia-HHTepnaT. A boarding-school. ffljitflla /. hat BeceHHHfl nijiana. A spring hat. nijmna c JUHPOKHMH HOJIHMH. A wide-brimmed hat. mocce neut. t indecl. highway Exaxb no mnpokomy inocce. To drive along a wide highway. BjjoJib mocce pacxyx flepebbh. There are trees on both sides of the highway driver DI00EP m. chauffeur, IHo$ep xakch. A milhoh taxi-driver. m. spy fflt^ka /. piece, thing 10 mxyk nannpoc. 10 cigarettes. fflym m. 1. noise, sound. MBI yc^bimajih CHJibHHH mym. We heard a loud noise. DlyM flcwkftfl. The sound of rain. 2. fig. row. HoAHfixb mym BOKpyr

170 UIVM 166 3J1E co6tithh. To raise a hue and cry over an event. my METb, -MJiK), -MHmb, -MHT imp. to make a noise Mope mymhx. The sea is noisy. JJexH mymht. The children are making a noise. mytfitb, myny, myxhmb, myxnx imp. /p. nomyxhxb, nomyny, nomyxhinb, nomyxht 1. to joke. IQyxHXb c flpysbhmh. To joke with one's friends. 2. na# KeM? to joke. HlyTHXb nafl paccehhhbim TOBapnmeM. To joke at an absent-minded friend. ffl^tlka /., gen. pi. -OK joke OcxpoyMHan myxka. A witty joke. SJiafl myxka. A malicious joke. <0> GKasaTb B myxky. To say (something) in jest. m, m -aa, -oe, -He 1. generous. me^ptih XOSHHH. A generous host, njetfpoe ce A generous heart. 2. fig. lavish, rich. njeapafl pofla. Lavish nature. ypojkan. A rich harvest. meka /., ace. meny; pi. m,ekh, m;ek, menam, etc. cheek njet KA /-. gen. pi. -OK brush 3y6Han m;eika. A toothbrush, mex- Ka fljifl o,n;eh{a M - Clothes-brush. CanoHaH m;exka. A shoe-brush. Hricxnxb mexkoh xy<$jih. To clean one's shoes with a brush. 3,3 3K3AMEH m. examination TpyflHbiH 9K3aMeH. A difficult examination. JlerKHH 9K3aMen. An easy examination. FocyAapcxBeirabiH 3K3aMOH. A State examination. C^aBaxb (c^axb) sksamen. To take (pass) an examination. IIpOBajiHXb- CH na 3K3aM6He. To fail in an examination. 3KOHOMHKA /. no pi. economics 9KOHOMHKa cejibckoro xoshhcxsa. The economics of agriculture. no pi. 1. economy. 3KOHOMHH 3KOHOMHH /. The economy of energy. GOOJIIOflaxb SKOHOMHK). To observe economy. 2. economy. IIojiHXHHecKafl 3KOuo- MHH. Political economy. 3KPAH m. screen 3KpaH xejiebh30pa. The screen of a T.V. set. 3Kpan B KHHOsaJie. The screen in a cinema. nihpokhh 3Kpan. A wide screen Ha SKpanax KHHOxeaxpoB flemohcxphpyexcfl BHH HO- $HJibM. A new film is on at the cinemas. 3KCKyPCHH /. excursion SaropOflHan 3KCKypCHH. An outing to the country. DKCKypcnn B My- 36H. An excursion to a museum. Exaxb na 3KCKypCHio. To go on an excursion. 3KCKyPCOBG,U m. excursion guide SKCIIEflfllJHH /. expedition HaynHan 3Kcne,nHUHH. A scientific expedition. SKcne^nnHH Ha Cesep- HHH n6jiroc. An expedition to the North Pole. VHacxBOBaxb B 3KcneflHijHH. To take part in an expedition. SKCnJIYATflPIOBATb, -yro, -yenib, -yrox KOTO? imp. 1. to exploit. BKcnjiyaxHposaTb 2. pa66^hx. To exploit workers. to make full use of. 3KciuiyaxnpOBaxb xexhhky. To make full use of technique. 3JIEKTPfl4ECK Hfl, -an, -oe, -we electric(al) 3jieKxpHHecKHH XOK. Electric current. 3jieKxpHqecKHH CBCX. Electric light. 3jieKxpH^ecK3H jiamnohka. An electric bulb. SJieKxpriqecKHH yxror. An electric iron. 3jieKxpn- HCCKHH qahhhk. An electric teakettle. 3JIEKTPOCTAHI^HH /. electric power station Kpynnan sjiekxpocxannhh. A large electric power station. HycxHXb HO- Byio 3JieKxpocxaHHHK). To put a new electric power station into operation. 3jieKxpocxaHHHH aaex XOK. The electric power giving power. 3JIEMEHT m. station is now 1. element. IIepnoflHqecKafl cacxe- Ma 3JieMenxOB. The periodic system of elements.

171 3HE 167 5IBJ1 2. element. B cxaxbe ecxb xu KPHXHKH. There are elements of criticism in the article. 3. element. IIporpeccHBHbie ajie- MCHXH 66mecxBa. The progressive elements of society. 3HEPrflHH Llft [3H3-], -an, -oe, -He energetic 3HeprHHHHH qejiobck. An energetic person. 3HepriiHHbie Energetic movements. noxoflka. A wilful gait. 3HEPrHH [3H3-] /. 1. energy. 3neprHH BO^H. The energy of water. 2. energy. Pa66xaxb c 6ojibmoH aheprnen. To work with great energy. 3TA3K m., gen. -a floor, storey JKnxb na nepbom 3xa?Ke. To live on the ground floor. BxopOH axajk. The first floor. JJoM B 7 sxajken. A seven-storeyed house. 3TO see 3TOT 3TOT, 3xa, 3x0, STH pron. 1. this. 3TOT flom. This house. 3xo OKHO. This window. 3xox yqe- HHK qacxo onasflhbaex. This pupil is often late. 2. that. B 3TOT flehb MH see co- 6paJiHCb y nero. On that day we all gathered at his place. 3. 3TO neut. it; this, these; that, those. 3io CTOJI. This is a table. 3xo cxyjibfl. These are chairs. 3io 6HJia ona. That was she. 3xo 6wJio ji;abh6. That was a long time ago. KTO &TO? 3TO MOH 6paT. "Who is that?" "It's my brother." HTO TO Tanoe? " What's that?" 3xo yneshhk? HCT, STO cjiosapb. "Is it a text-book?" "No, it is a dictionary." Hxo xo sa nejiobek? What sort of person is he? Hxo ^xo 3a Bemb? What sort of thing is that? Men CXQJI? 3xo CXGJI "Whose desk is it?" "It's Ivanov's desk." Kxo xam? 3xo H. "Who is there?" "It's me." H), H) K)B KA /., gen. pi. Ona 6njia B mnpokoh wore a wide skirt. 12* -OK skirt ro6ke. She H)r m., no pi. 1. south. OH nome'ji npamo na ror. He went straight south. 2. south. Ox/jbixaxb Ha rore. To have one's holidays in the south. Iloexaxb na ior. To go to the south. K)/KH bin, -an, -oe, -ue south(ern) IQjKHbiH Bexep. A southern wind. K)}KHbiH HOJIIOC. The South Pole. K)MOP m., no pi. humour HMexb nybcxbo KMOpa. To have a sense of humour. PaccKasbiBaxb c KMOpOM. To tell with humour. lohoctb /., no pi. youth CHacxjiHBafl rohocxb. Happy youth. B IOHOCXH OH MenxaJi cxaxb apxric- XOM. In his youth he dreamt of becoming an actor. H)HOIII A m., gen. pi. -en a youth CMeJibiH rohoma. A brave youth. KpacHBbiH rohoma. A handsome youth. K)H LIfl[, -an, -oe, -ue young K)Hbie roflbi OH nposeji B H He spent his youth in Italy. lonafl. A young girl. H, a fi. pron., gen., ace. MCHH, dat., prepos. MHC, instr. MHOH I MCHH He 6biJio ^OMa Bnepa BeqepOM. / was not at home last night. Kxo 9X0? H. 3xo^ "Who is it?" "It's me." fl Hjjy B xeaxp; XM HOHflemb BMecxe co MHOH? I'm going to the theatre; will you go with me? Mne CKyHHO. 7 am bored. Mne xojioflho. / am cold. Tbi Bcxpexnnib M6HH? Will you meet me? IIpEXOflH KO MHO Come to see me today! HBJIOKIO neut., pi. asjio apple BoJibmoH ypojkan H6noK. A rich harvest of apples. flbfltbch see HBJlHTLCH HBJlEHHE neut. phenomenon HBJlH TbCH, -rocb, f -embcn, imp. /p. HBHXbCH, flbjirocb, Cfl, HBHXCH 1. to come, to turn up. OH HOSJJHO HBHJICH na JieKiiHio. He turned up late for the lecture.

172 5i ro onzt/ imp. HyniKHH B6JIHKHM pycckhm H03TOM. Plishkin is a great Russian poet. /. berry Co6npaib rpnsu H Hroflbi. To gather mushrooms and berries. Hroflbi KJiy6HHKH. Strawberries. BKycnaH caaosah Hro^a. A tasty cultivated berry. BapeHte H3 aro;r. Jam made from berries. HJ(P()neut.,pl. HApa, H/jep, ajjpam, etc. nucleus Hapo aioma. The nucleus of the atom, fljjpo KJiexKH. The nucleus of a cell. H3B"IK m., gen. -a 1. tongue. IIoKasaTb HSHK. To show one's tongue. 2. language. Hayqaxb HHOcxpaHHbin H3MK. To study a foreign language. BjmAeXb HeCKOJILKHMH HHOCTpaHHLIMH HSMKaMH. To know several foreign languages. <>.HepacaTb H3biK aa sysamh. To keep a still tongue in one's head. HaiiTH oomnh nsuk c KCIVI-JIH- 60. To speak a common language with somebody. neut., pi. Hiiqa, Hi'm egg KypiiHtie HHii;a. Hen's eggs. <> Hiiu,6 BCMHTKy. A soft-boiled egg. Hfiqo BKpyTyro. A hard-boiled egg. Hfiu;6 B MeraoqeK. A wellboiled egg. Hiiija Kypmjy ne yiax (proverb). Cf. Don't teach 'your grandmother to suck eggs. HHBAP b m., gen. -H January HOHL B HHBape. A night in January. IlepBoe HHBapH. The first af January. flpk Hfi, -an, -oe, -ne, short form HpOK, Hpna, HPK O, -H; adv. npko; comp. ephe 1. bright. flpkhh CBCT. A bright light. 2. bright. HpKne upackh. Bright colours. 3. fig. striking, brilliant. HPKHH nphmep. A striking example. HpKHH TaJiani. A brilliant talent. -an, -oe, -tie, short form Hcee, Hcna, HCH O, -u; adv. HCHO 1. clear, fine. Hcnoe He6o. A clear sfcy. HCHWH flehb. A fine day. 2. fig. lucid. flchbih ym. A lucid mind. HcHaa Mbicnb. A clear thought. 3iOT Bonpoc MHC HCCH. This question is clear to me. BaM 3xo HCHO? Is that clear to you? OH robopht o^ienb HCHO. He speaks very clearly. 1. box. Hm,nK a6jiok. A box of apples. HUJHK c KOHcepsaMH. A box of preserves. 2. drawer. HmHK nncbmenhoro cxojia. A drawer of a desk. 3. box. riottobblh HIHHK. A postbox.

173 SUPPLEMENT THEMATIC GROUPS OF WORDS Names of Nationalities, of People inhabiting Various Countries and Continents, Geographical Names and corresponding Adjectives abcxpajihen; Australian (man), ascxpajihhka Australian (woman), ascxpa- JIHHIJLI Australians, AscxpaJiHfl Australia; abcxpajihhckhh Australian Austrian (man), Austrian (woman), abcxpiramj Austrians, AscxpHH Austria; abcxphh- CKHH Austrian asnax Asian (man), ashaxka Asian (woman), asnaxti Asians, ASHH Asia; asnaxckhh Asian ajisaeen; Albanian (man), ajisanka Albanian (woman), ajisanmj Albanians, An6aHHH Albania; aji6ahckhh Albanian Algerian (man), Algerian (woman), ajijkiipmj rians, AJKKHP Algeria; Algerian Alge American (man), amepn- American (woman), amepn- KaH^I JI Americans, AinepHKa America; amephkanckhh American Englishman, Englishwoman, ahrjin^ane English, AnrjiHH England; anrjihhckhh English 1 apa6 Arab (man), apa6u Arabs; apa6- CKHH Arab aprenxhhen Argentinean (man), aprenxhhka Argentinean (woman), apreh- XHHIJLI Argentineans, ApreHXHHa Argentine; aprehxhhckhh Argentine Afghan (man), a^ranna Afghan (woman), a$rann;u Afghans, A<raHHCxaH Afghanistan; a(j>ran- CKHH Afghan African (man), a$phkahka African (woman), a(phkahn;li Africans, A^pnKa Africa; CKHH African 6ejibriien; Belgian (man), 6ejisrHHKa Belgian (woman), 6ejiBrHHn;i>i Belgians, BeJibrHH Belgium; 6ejifcrnH- CKHH Belgian 6npMaHeu; Burmese (man), 6npMaHKa Burmese (woman), 6npMaHii;i 1i Burmese, BitpMa Burma; SnpMaHCKHH Burmese 6ojirapiiH Bulgarian (man), 6ojirapKa Bulgarian (woman), Sojirapu Bulgarians, BonrapHH Bulgaria; GOJIrapCKHH Bulgarian 6oJiHBHen; Bolivian (man), SojiHBHHKa Bolivian (woman), SOJIHBHHIJLI Bolivians, BOJIHBHH Bolivia; GOJIHBIIH- CKHH Bolivian 6pa3HJieii Brazilian (man), 6pa3HjitijM Brazilians, BpaannHH Brazil; 6pa- SHJIBCKHH Brazilian BaJUiiieu; Welshman, BanjiHHKa Welshwoman, BajuiH^w Welsh, YBJILC Wales-, BajijiHHCKHH Welsh Benrp Hungarian (man), BenrepKa Hungarian (woman), Benrpu Hun- 1 The feminine forms of a number of nouns denoting nationality either do not exist or are not used in the literary language.

174 170 garians, BenrpHH Hungary; Benrep- CKHH Hungarian BenecyaJien; Venezuelan (man), BenecyaJiKa Venezuelan (woman), BeHecyaJibijbi Venezuelans, BenecyaJia Venezuela; BenecyaJibCKHH Venezuelan BbeiHaMen; Vietnamese (man), Bbe-r- HaMKa Vietnamese (woman), Bber- HaMijM Vietnamese, BbeiHaM Vietnam; BbeiHaMCKHH Vietnamese raheu Ghanean (man), raima Ghanean (woman), ranijbi Ghaneans, Tana Ghana; rahckhh Ghanean rbaxemanen; Guatemalan (man), rbaxe- MaJibijw Guatemalans, FBaTeiviaJia Guatemala; TBaieMaJibCKHH Guatemalan rbhheen; Guinean, rbhhenijbi Guineans, eh Guinea; rbhhghckhh Guinean Germany; German (see nemeij) repmanckhh rojijiahflen; Dutchman, ronjian^ka Dutchwoman, rojuiahotbi f Dutchj FoJiJiaHAHH Holland; rojijiahackhh Dutch rpen Greek (man), rpenahka Greek (woman), rpekh Greeks, ^pe^hfl Greece; rpeieckhh Greek ^anahhh Dane (man), aax^ahka Dane (woman), Aaxqane Danes, Denmark; ^atckhh Danish espeh Jew, espehka Jewess, espen Jews; espehckhh Jewish ebponeen; European (man), ebponenijbi Europeans, Espona Europe; ebponeflckhh European ernntflhhh Egyptian (man), ernntflh- Ka Egyptian (woman), ernnthhe Egyptians, ErnneT Egypt; ernnet- CKHH Egyptian Indian (man), HHanaHKa Indian (woman), HHAHHIJU Indians, India; HHAHHCKHH Indian nei^ Indonesian (man), H63HHKa Indonesian (woman), HHjtOHe3HHu,bi Indonesians, HH^OHeaHH Indonesia; HHAOHGSHHCKHH Indonesian Jordanian (man), HOp^aHn,bi Jordanians, Hop^aHHH Jordan; Jordanian HpaKe^ Iraqi (man), HpaKijbi Iraqis, IlpaK Iraq; npakckhh Iraq HpaHe^ Persian (man), npahka Persian (woman), upanmj Persians, Hpan Persia (Iran); npanckhm Persian (Iranian) npjiahaeij Irishman, EpJian^Ka Irishwoman, HpJiaHflmJ Irish, Ireland, HpJiaHjjCKHH Irish ncjiah^eu; Icelander (man) Icelander (woman), HCJiaHji;n;bi Icelanders, HcjiaHAHfl Iceland; CKHH Iceland Spaniard, ncnahka Spanish (woman), ncnahmj Spanish, Hcna- HHH Spain; ncnanckhh Spanish Italian (man), HTaJibHiraa Italian (woman), HxajibflHijbi Italians, HTaJiHH Italy; HiaJibflHCKHH Italian Yemeni, HeMenn;bi Yemeni, Yemen; nemenckhh Yemeni K8M6o,n)KHen; Cambodian, n;bi Cambodians, KaM66fl>Ka Cambodia; KaM6oAHHCKHH Cambodian Kanaflen; Canadian (man), KanaAKa Canadian (woman), KaHaflijbi Canadians, Kanaka Canada; KanaACKHH Canadian KHnpnoT Cypriot, KHnpnoTbi Cypriots, Knnp Cyprus; KHnpCKHH Cyprian KHiaen; Chinese (man), KHiaaHKa Chinese (woman), KHiaHqu Chinese, KnxaH China; KHTancKHH Chinese KOJiyM6nen; Colombian (man), KOJiyM- 6HHii;bi Colombians, KojiyM^HH Colombia; KOJiyM6nHCKHH Colombian KOBTOJieaen; Congolese (man), Konro- Jieaijbi Congolese, Konro The Congo; KOBTOJieacKHH Congolese Korean (man), KOpeaHKa Korean (woman), KOpeH^bI Koreans, Kopea Korea; KOpencKHH Korean Cuban (man), Ky6HHKa Cuban (woman), KydHnmj Cubans, Ky6a Cuba; Ky6nHCKHH Cuban

175 171 JiaOTHHHH Laotian (man), JiaoxHHKa Laotian (woman), JiaoxHHe & Jiaocrjbi Laotians, JIaoc Laos; Jiaoxan- CKHH & jiaocckhh Laotian JiaxMHoaMepHKanen; Latin American (man), jiaxhhoamephkahka Latin American (woman), jiaxhhoamepn- KaHijbi Latin Americans, JlaxiracKaa AMepHKa Latin America; JiaxHHO- H Latin American Lebanese, JiiiBaimti Lebanese, The Lebanon; JiHBaecKHH Lebanese Libian, JIHBHHIJU Libians, Jln- BHH Libia; JIHBHHCKHH Libian MaJiaeij Malayan (man), MaJiaima Malayan (woman), MaJianijbi Malayans, MaJiana Malaya; MaJiancKHH Malayan Mali (man), MaJiHHKa Mali (woman), MajiHHn;ti Malis, Mali; MajiiracKHH Mali Malagasi, MaJiBranm Malagasi; MajibramcKHH Malagasi MapoKKanen; Moroccan (man), MapOK- KaHKa Moroccan (woman), MapOK- KaniiLi Moroccans, MapOKKO Morocco; MapOKKancKHH Moroccan Mexican (man), MGKCH- Mexican (woman), MGKCH- Mexicans, MeKCHKa Mexico; MCKCHKancKHH Mexican MOHFOJI Mongolian (man), MOHroJiKa Mongolian (woman), MOHFOJILI Mongolians, MonroJiHfl Mongolia; MOH- Mongolian eerp Negro (man), nerphthhka Negro (woman), nerpw Negroes; nerpn- THHCKHH Negro eemeu; German, nemka German (woman), Germans; H6Men;KHH German Nepalese, He^aJIb^K[ Nepa lese, HenaJi Nepal; Nepal Nigerian, HHrepHHqu Nigerians, HnrepHH Nigeria; HHreprin- CKHH Nigerian New Zealander (man), New Zealander (wom an), HOBoaeJiaHjmti New Zealanders, HoBaa Sejian^HH New Zealand; HOB036JiaHACKHH New Zealand nopseiken; Norwegian (man), Norwegian (woman), Norwegians, HopsernH Norway; H Norwegian nakhcxanen; Pakistani, Pakistanis, IlaKHCTaH Pakistan; nakhctanckhh Pakistani Panamanians, EanaMa Panama; nanamckhh Panamanian nepyanen; Peruvian (man), nepyanka Peruvian (woman), nepyanijbi Peruvians, Ilepy Peru; nepyanckhh Peruvian HOJi>iK Pole (man), noiilka Pole (woman), nojihkh Poles, EojiBina Poland; nojitckhh Polish nopxyrajien; Portuguese (man), uoptyrajika Portuguese (woman), nopxyrajibii;w Portuguese, nopxyrajinn Portugal; nopxyrajibckhh Portuguese pymbih Rumanian (man), pymhhka Rumanian (woman), pymhhbi Rumanians, PyMbiHHfl Rumania; py- MHHCKHH Rumanian pycckhh Russian (man), pycckan Russian (woman), pycckhe Russians, POCCHH Russia; pycckhh Russian cenerajieij Senegalese, ceeerajibiibi Senegalese, Ceneran Senegal; cenerajibckhh Senegalese cep6 Serbian (man), cepsna Serbian (woman), cep6bi Serbs, Cep6nfl Serbia; cep6ckhh Serbian CHpHe^ Syrian (man), cnpnaka Syrian (woman), CHpHHn,H Syrians, CnpHfl Syria; cnpahckhh Syrian Slovak (man), CJiosa^Ka Slovak (woman), cjiosakh Slovaks, CnoBaKHH Slovakia; Slovak comajihe^ Somali (man), Somali (woman), comajinnnibi Somalis, GoMaJiH Somaliland; coma- JIHHCKHH Somali Sudanese (man), cy^ahka Sudanese (woman), cyaanqti Suda-

176 172 nese, CyflaH The Sudan; Sudanese Thai Thai, Thailand; Thais, xorojieaerj Togolese, xorojiesdtti Togolese, Toro Togo; xorojieackhh Togolese xyhhcen; Tunisian (man), xynacka Tunisian (woman), xyhhcijbi Tunisians, TVHHC Tunis; xyhhcckhh Tunisian xypok Turk (man), Typ^aHKa Turk (woman), xypkh Turks, TyprjHH Turkey; xypeijkhh Turkish ykpairaeu Ukrainian (man), ykpaira- Ka Ukrainian (woman), ykpairanfci Ukrainians, VKpaHna The Ukraine; ykpahhckhh Ukrainian ypyrsaen; Uruguayan (man), ypyrsah- HM Uruguayans, VpyrsaH Uruguay; ypyrsahckhh Uruguayan Welsh, KHH Welsh Vajibc Wales; <f)hjihnniihen; Filipino, Filipinos; OmiHnnHHLi The Philippines <HHH Finn (man), $HHKa Finn (woman), (J)HHHH Finns, <DHHJIHH^HH Finland; $HHCKHH Finnish $pann;y3 Frenchman, <pahn;y>kehka Frenchwoman, pahay3u French, France; $pann;y3ckiih French xopsax Croat (man), xopsatka Croat (woman), xopeatm Croats, XopBa- THH Croatia; xopbaickhh Croatian ^ehji6he^ Ceylonese (man), ijeiijiohka Ceylonese (woman), EteHJiOHrtiJ Ceylonese, I^GHJIOH Ceylon; Ceylonese qex Czech (man), nemka Czech (woman), HGXH Czechs; ^GXHH Czechia; Czech HHJII^e^ Chilian (man), qnjihhka Chilian (woman), qirjimhmj Chilians, Chile; HHJIHHCKHH Chilian Swiss (man), mbeh^dpka Swiss (woman), mbehrcapi^iii Swiss; CKHH Swiss Switzerland; nraehn;ap- Swede (man), rabe^ka Swede (woman), mbeflti Swedes, nibeu,hh Sweden; mbgackhh Swedish Scotsman, Scotswoman, motjiahjmfci Scots, fflotjiahflhh Scotland; Scotch Ethiopian (man), a^aonka Ethiopian (woman), 3< )H6nH Ethiopians, 3<j)HOiiHfl Ethiopia; a$nonckhh Ethiopian lorocjiabh Yugoslavs, K)rocjiaBHH Yugoslavia; rorocjiabckhh Yugoslav Hnonei; Japanese (man), nnohka Japanese (woman), flnohn,l] Japanese, Hnoflffn Japan; HDOHCKHH Japanese NUMERALS 1 OHH, OAHH, OAHO; oe, -we first nepslbiu, -an, 2 asa, ABe; BTopjoii, -an, -6e, -we second 3 Tpn; TpeTJuu, -bn, -be, -bh third 4 MeTbipc; MCTiiepT biii. -an, -oe, -we fourth 5 nhtb; nx biii, -aa, -oe, -we fifth 6 mectb; mecx 6ii, -aa. -oe, -we sixth 7 cemb; ceabm oh, -aa, -6e, -we seventh 8 BOceMb; ocbm 6ii. -an, -6e, -we 9 eighth AGBHTb; AeiiJix biii. -an, -oe, -we ninth 10 jjecfltb; AecATlwii, -aa, -oe, -we tenth 11 oahiiiianuatb; o^mhnaauat[bim, -an, -oe, -we eleventh 12 ;uu'naan,atb; ABeiia^n.aT^wii. -an, -oe, -we twelfth 13 xpimajmati,; Tpiina;uiaT wii. -afl, -oe, -we thirteenth 14 MOTbipiianuaTb; 'icxiipnaaiutiiiii, -ah, -oe, -we fourteenth 15 njitiiajmaxi, ; n>itiiaanat wii, -afl, -oe, -we fifteenth 16 mecthawatb; -an, -oe, -we sixteenth 17 cemmtauaxh -oe, -we seventeenth

177 BOceJvraajmaTb; BOceMnau;aT wh, -a a, -oe, -we eighteenth 19 flebhthawaxb; aebhthajmat biu, -an, -oe, -we nineteenth 20 flsazwatb; jibajuuitibim, -an, -oe, -we twentieth 21 ABaauaTb OAHH; AnaauaTb nep- B UH, -an, -oe, -we twenty-first 30 TpHflijaTb; TpiiAuaTlwii, -an, -oe, -we thirtieth 40 copoic; copokobjoh, -an, -oe, -we fortieth 50 natbflecar; nathecat wfi, -an, -oe, -we fiftieth 60 mectbflecar; inecthffecht wfi, -aa, -oe, -we sixtieth 70 cembflecht; cemhflecatjwfi, -an, -oe, -we seventieth 80 BOCCMbflCCaT; BOCbMHAecaT wfi, -aa, -oe, -we eightieth 90 aebhhocto; flesahoctlwii, -aa, -oe, -we ninetieth 100 CTO; COT WH, -aa, -oe, -we one hundredth 101 CTO OftiiH, CTO opua, CTO o^ho; CTO nepbjwh, -aa, -oe, -we one hundred and first 110 CTO flecatb; CTO AecaTJwH, -aa, -oe, -we one hundred and tenth 200 HBCCTH; ffbyxcot wh, -aa, -oe, -we two hundredth 300 TpucTa; TpexcoTJwfi, -aa, -oe, -we three hundredth 400 ictwpecta; setwpexcotlwii, -a a, -oe, -we four hundredth 500 natbcot; nathcot wfi, -we five hundredth -aa, -oe, 600 raectbcot; raecthc6t wfi, -aa, -oe, -we six hundredth 700 cembcot; cemncotlwii, -aa, -oe, -we seven hundredth 800 BOceMbcoT; BocbMncoTJwii, -aa, -oe, -we eight hundredth 900 flcbatbcot; flebathcot wii, -aa, -oe, -we nine hundredth 1000 Tbica'ia; Twca ( ih wii, -a a, -oe, -we thousandth 1961 Tbicana ^esatbcot mectbecat HH; Tbicaia aesatbcot raectbnepb wii, -aa, -oe, -we one thousand nine hundred and sixtyfirst flecatb Twcaq; flecathtwcainji.iii, -aa, -oe, -we ten thousandth MHJIJIHOH; MHJIJIHOHH WH, -aa, -oe, -we millionth H WH, -aa, -oe, -we milliardth DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS, SEASONS, TIME-UNITS Days of the Week m. Monday m. Tuesday cpe^a /., pi. cpeah Wednesday qetbepr m., gen. Hexsepra Thursday nathhii,a /. Friday cy66ota /. Saturday BOCKpecenbe neut. Sunday Months ahbapb m., gen. HHBapH January (f)6bpajib m., gen. ( >ebpajih February MapT m. March anpejib m. April iaii m. May iimnib m. June UMJ. 1 1, m. July asryct m. August cehta5pb m., gen. cehiasph September OKTaSpb m., gen. OKTHOpn October HOa6pb m., gen. HOflSpH November AeKa6pb m., gen.,o;eka6ph December Seasons uecna /. spring JICTO neut. summer ocenb /. autumn 3HMa /. winter Time-Units /. second /. minute iac m., pi. nacbi, Ha COB hour rofl m., prepos. B ro^y & o ro#e; gen. pi. JICT year BCK m., pi. Bena century COLOURS 6eji wh, -aa, -oe, -we white rojiy6 6fi, -aa, -oe. -we light-blue vkejixibiii, -aa, -oe, -we yellow 3e.ien wh, -aa, -oe, -we green KpacHJWH, -aa, -oe, -we red KopM'ineB biii, -aa, -oe, -we brown JIHJIOB WH, -aa, -oe, -we lilac opanheb biif, -aa, -oe, -we orange po3ob wh, -aa, -oe, -we pink CHH HU, -aa, -ee, -He blue

178 174 cepibifi, -aa, -oe, -we grey cbeimlbih, -an, -oe, -we light T( : Miijuii. -an, -oe, -we dark <f>hojietob(wii, -an, -oe, -we violet qephjwu, -an, -oe, -we black PARTS OF THE BODY ro.iosa /., ace. rojioey, pi. TOJIOBM, rojiob, rojiobam, etc. head mea /. neck mieqo neut., pi. HJICHH shoulder rpyju> /., prepos. na rpy/jii chest crmna /., ace. crn'my, pi. cnirabi back 6oK m., pi. ooka side JKHBOT m., gen. pyka/., ace. >KHBOTa stomach pyny, pi. pynnhand, arm /. palm m., gen. JIOKTH, gen. pi. JIOK- T6H elbow m., gen. KyjiaKa fist Hora /., ace. nory, pi. HOFH foot, KOJieHO neut., pi. KOJieHH knee leg na.ieu, m., gen. najibija finger, toe Horojb m., gen. Horrfl, gen. pi. HOF- TCH nail cepaue neut., pi. cep^na heart jierkoe neut., pi. JierKne lung >KejiyAOK m., gen. jkejiy^na stomach BOJiocbi pi., gen. pi. BOJIOC hair yxo neut., pi. ymn, ymen ear jio6 m., gen. Ji6a forehead HOC m., pi. HOCH nose rjias m., pi. rjiaaa eye /., gen. pi. 6pOB6H eyebrow /. eyelash / pl- me'kh cheek pox m., gen. pia mouth ry5a /., pl. ry6bi lip ay5 m., ^e/i. pl. 3y6oB tooth BHCOK m., gen. BHCKa temple H3biK m., gen. H3MKa tongue noaoopo^ok m., gen. nojjsopoaka chin yc m., pl. VCLI moustache satbi.iok m., gen. aathjma back [of the head 6opoaa /., ace. Gopo^y, pl. 66pojjH, beard TRAITS OF CHARACTER AND MAN'S QUALITIES -an, -oe, -we painstak ng akthbh wu, -afl, -oe, -we active 6ecnoK6iiH wh, -aa, -oe, -we restless 6oAp wu, -afl, -oe, -we cheerful uevk.ihb biii, -afl, -oe, -we polite Bece'ji wu v -afl, -oe, -we gay BHHMaTejibHJwu, -an. -oe, -we attentive rehha:ibn biii. -a, -oe, -we of genius rjiyn bii1, -aa, -oe, -we stupid r6pa biii, -afl, -oe, -we proud rpy6 w3, -afl, -oe, -we rude, coarse ;joop biii, -afl, -oe, -we kind HcaAHlwu, -afl, -oe, -we stingy ;KecT6K Hii, -afl, -oe, -ne cruel uaoot.ihblwii. -an, -oe, -we solicitous 3aayMinu biii. -afl, -oe, -we thoughtful HCKpeHHJHH, -flfl, -ee, -ne frank, sincere.lackobjbiii, -afl, -oe, -we affectionate.i/khb WM, -afl, -oe, -we untruthful :ierkomific.ieiiii wii. -afl, -oe, -we light-headed jiehhb wh, -aa, -oe, -we lazy JIOBK HH, -afl, -oe, -HC adroit :noooiiwtii wii. -afl, -oe, -we curious jiio6o3hatejibh bih. -afl, -oe, -we inquisitive MVAplwii, -an, -oe, -we wise MyHecTBeeH wii, -an, -oe, -we courageous nactoii'ihblbiii. -a, -oe, -we persistent He-/KH wii, -afl, -oe, -we gentle HepBH wii, -aa, -oe, -we nervous octopoch wh, -aa, -oe, -we careful ocxpoymh biif, -afl, -oe, -we witty npabhhb WH, -afl, -oe. -we truthful p6ok nii, -afl, -oe, -ne timid pacceflhh wif, -afl, -oe, -we absentminded camo.iioohivwii. -afl, -oe, -we touchy camoybepehh wii, -afl, -oe, -we selfopinionated cepbe'3ii wh, -an, -oe, -we serious ckpomhlwii, -afl, -oe, -we modest CMejilwu, -aa, -oe, -we courageous cnokohh WH, -afl, -oe, -we quiet, calm cnoc66h wh, -afl, -oe, -we capable cnpabehjihb biii, -aa, -oe, -we just ctapatcjibhlwii, -afl, -oe, -we assiduous ctpaiiii wii. -aa, -oe, -we strange, queer CTpor HH, -aa, -oe, -ne exacting, strict cypob wg, -aa, -oe, -we severe Ta.iaeT.iHB bih. -aa, -oe, -we talented

179 175, -an, -oe, -we cowardly \Mii bih, -aa, -oe, -we clever \np/im biii. -aa, -oe, -we stubborn xhtpjwh, -aa, -oe, -we sly, cunning xpa6p wh, -an, -oe, -we brave qecth wh, -an, -oe, -we honest me,up bin, -aa. -oe, -we generous 3HeprH<iH wh, -aa, -oe, -we energetic THE FAMILY pl'. t gen. pojuaxejieii parents oxen; m., gen. oxn.a father MaTb /., gen., dat., prepos. MaxepH, instr. Maxepjbio; pi. MaxepH, Maxepen, MaxepaM, etc. mother CWH m., pi. CLiHOBba, cbihoben son #oqb /., gen., dat., prepos. AO^epn, instr. flonepbio; pi. ^OHepn, flonepen, ffo^epam, jjoqepbmii daughter 6pax m., pi. 6paxba, Spaxtes brother cecxpa /., pi. cecxpbi, cecxep, cecxpam, etc. sister poflctbchhhkh pi. relatives fleflynika m., gen. pi. jjeflymek grandfather 6a6ymKa /., mother gen. pi. 6a6ymeK grand- BHVK m. grandson BHyqica /., gen. pi. BHyqeK granddaughter AHffa m. uncle Texa /. aunt m. nephew /. niece 6paT m. cousin cectpa /. cousin CLOTHES, FOOTWEAR, LINEN neut., indecl. overcoat my6a /. fur coat njiain^m., gen. njiama raincoat KOCTIOM m. suit, costume 6pK>KH no sing, trousers Tpycw no sing, shorts nh^hcak m., gen. nnji;>kaka jacket, coat pysamka /., gen. pi. rajictyk m. tie py6amek shirt CBHrep m. sweater, pull-over m. jumper /. pyjamas m. dressing-gown, housecoat IIOCKH pl. t sing. HOCOK m., gen. HOCKa socks mjiana /. hat inanka /., gen. pi. manok cap map4> m. scarf pi., gen. nepnaxon; sing. nepnaxna /. gloves neut. dress H)6Ka /., gen. pi. i66ok skirt /., gen. pi. 6Jiy30K blouse /. jacket m. jacket pi., gen. nyjiok; sing. qyjiok m., gen. qyjika stockings OOTMHKH pi., gen. SOXHHOK; sing. 60- XHHOK m., gen. ooxhhka boots Ty^)jra pi., gen. pi. xy< >ejib; sing. xy( )Jia /. shoes ra.ionin pi., sing, rajioma /. 66xw pi. overshoes galoshes 6ocoHOHCKB pi., gen. 6ocoHo>KeK; sing. 6ocoHo>KKa /. sandals TanoMKH pi., gen. xano^ek; sing, xano^ka /. slippers (a n orh pi., gen. canor; sing, cauor m., gen. canora riding boots, highboots pi., gen. BaJienoK; sing. Bam., gen. BaneHKa felt boots BOPOTHHK m., gen. BOpoxnHKa collar pykab m., gen. pykasa, pi. pykasa sleeve noac m., pi. noaca belt KapMan m. pocket iiyrorima /. button mnypok m., gen. ninypka lace, shoelace iip>r,kka /., gen. pi. npajken buckle ofleajio neut. blanket, quilt ckaxeptb /., gen. pi. CKaxepxen tablecloth ca:i( )etka /., gen. pi. cajujexok napkin m. quilt cover /., gen. pi. noaymek pillow, cushion npoctwhh /., pi. npocxbihh, npocxbihb, npocxbinam bedsheet iiabo.ioqka /., gen. pi. HaBOJioqen pillow-case nojiotenqe neut., gen. pi. nojioxenen axor towel m., gen. njiaxna scarl; HocoBoii njiatok handkerchief neut., no pi. underwear; linen underwear

180 176 ARTICLES OF TOILET MbiJio neut., no pi. soap 3 \6naH nacxa /. toothpaste Kpe&i AJIH SpnxbH shaving cream ayftnoii nopomok m., gen. nopomka toothpowder ryoiian no&iaaa lipstick mexka /., gew. pi. mexok brush; 1. syonasi merka toothbrush, 2. njetka ffjifl BOJIOC (OA&KAbI, OOVBII) hairbrush (clothes-brush, shoe-brush) pachecka colloq. /., ge/z. pi. pac^ecok comb sepnajio neut., pi. aepkajia, aepka;i looking-glass oputoa /. razor Ayxii no sing., gen. Ayxos perfume OAeKOJion m. eau-de-cologne nyapa /. powder KpeM m. cream THE HOUSE AND ITS PARTS AOM m., pi. AOMa house 3AaHHe m?ui. building iiomemenhe neut. premises axaw m., gen. stawa floor, storey no.n'beaa w. entrance KBapTHpa /. flat KopnAop m. passage KOMiiaxa /. room aa;i m. hall KaoHnex m. study KyxHfl /., gen. pi. KyxoHb kitchen /., gen. pi. cnajieu bedroom /. dining-room /. bathroom m. balcony Kpwraa /. roof xpysa /., pi. Tpy6H chimney ;ih(j)t m. lift jiectiiniia /. staircase nephjia no sing, railings ABepb /., gen. pi. abepefi door OKHO neut., pi. OKHa, OKOH, window noji m., prepos. Ha nojiy, pi. floor noxojiok m., gen. noiojika ceiling cxena /., ace. CTCHy, pi. cxerti wall DOAOKOHHHK m. window-sill samok m., gen. aamka lock, padlock KJiioq m., gen. KJiroia key FURNITURE CTOJI m., gen. ciojia table cxyji m., pi. cxyjibh chair nikacj) m., prepos. B mna^y & o nika- <$&, pi. mka< )u cupboard, wardrobe Kim/KHbiH ULJKa(j) m. bookcase 6y4>eT m. buffet, dresser cepeaht m. sideboard Annan m. divan Kpecjio neut., gen. pi. KpoeaTb /. bed Kpeceji armchair Tyn6oqKa /., gen. pi. TyM6o^eK bedside table BemajiKa /., gen. pi. BemajiOK hanger PLATES, DISHES, ETC.., gen. pi. japenok plate cxanan m. glass, tumbler MauiKa /., gen. pi. ^amek cup 6jnoAn;e neut., gen. pi. Gjno^eu saucer BHJiKa /., gen. pi. BHJIOK fork no/kka /., gen. pi. JIOJK6K spoon noa m., gen. noma knife Kacxpi&jiii /. sauce-pan ckobopoaa /., pi. CKOBOpOAH fryingpan noanoc m. tray MaiiiiHK m. teapot, teakettle KpyncKa /., gen. KVBmnn m. jug pi. KpyweK mug oaiih-a /., gen. pi. 6aHOK jar GyThJJiKa /., gen. pi. 6yTHJiOK bottle sasa /. vase rpaanii m. carafe ookaji m. wine-glass piomka /., gen. pi. piomok liqueur glass FOOD-STUFFS xjie6 m. bread MacJio neut., no pi.: c.ihbomiioe MacJio butter, pacthtejibnoe MacJio oil jriiuo neut., pi. HHna, HHU egg cwp m., pi. CBipH cheese CJiHBKn pi. cream cmexaiia /., no pi. sour cream THOpor m., no pi. cottage cheese KC< >HP m., no pi. kefir MOJIOKO neut., no pi. milk MHCO neut., no pi. meat pbifta /. fish KoncepBbi pi. preserves

181 177 KOJiOaea /. sausage rop'inua /. mustard nepeu m., gen. nepn;a pepper cojifa /., no pi. salt /., Kpyna pi. Kpynti groats caxap m., no pi. sugar /. sweet neut., no pi. pastry, biscuits Bapenbe neut. jam inokojiaa m., no pi. chocolate Mefl m., no pi. honey MOpoJKenoe neut., gen. MOpojKenoro, no pi. ice-cream nnp&khoe neut., gen. nnpohmoro, pi. nnpojkhbie fancy cake BHHO neut., pi. Bima wine BO^Ka /. vodka Dishes a) BsmerpeT m. Russian salad HKpa /., no pi. caviare cejibflb /., gen. pi. cejib^en herring cajiat m. salad b) SyjibOH m. broth cyn m., pi. cynw soup me pl-, no sing, men, njam, mamh, (o) max cabbage soup Goptu; m., gen. 6opma borsch (beetroot soup) paccojibhhk m. soup with pickled cucumbers, capers, etc. jianma /., no pi. noodle soup c) 6H<jrarreKc m. beefsteak ryjiflra m. goulash KOTJiexa /. rissole, cutlet m. rumpsteak /., no pi. liver pi. cottage-cheese pancakes m. schnitzel [-mn-] /. fried eggs d) MaicapoHbi pi. macaroni Kama /. cereal pudding pnc m., no pi. rice e) KaKao neut. indecl. cocoa K0( )e m., indecl. coffee qaii m., no pi. tea KOMOOT m. stewed fruit m., gen. KHcejia thin (fruit) jelly Fruit, Berries, m. apricot ananac m. pineapple Vegetables m. orange 6anan m. banana rpyma /. pear JIHMOH m. lemon m. tangerine nepchk m. peach >i6:ioko neut., pi. nsjiokh, gen. a6jiok apple BHHorpa^ m> grapes MOpKOBb /., no pi. carrots orypeii; m., gen. orypn;a cucumber nomh^op m. tomato BHIUHH /., gen. pi. BHuien cherry KJiySnHKa /., no pi. strawberries cjihba /. plum qeperana /., gen. pi. Hepemen sweet cherry ap6ys m. water-melon AWHH /. melon repox m., no pi. peas KanycTa /., no pi. cabbage KapTO<f>eJib m., no pi. potatoes JIVK m., no pi. onion(s) CBeKJia /., no pi. beetroot pejjhc m., no pi. radishes pejjhcka /., colloq. radishes /., no pi. French beans PLANTS Trees Sepeaa /. birch 3y6 m., pi. Ay6H, -OB oak ejib /. fir-tree lisa /. willow Kejjp m. cedar KJieH m. maple ocmiia /. aspen najibma /. palm cocna /., pi. COCHLI, COCCH pine-tree acxpa /. Flowers aster m., gen. BacHJibKa cornflower m. lily-of-the-valley Man m. poppy iieaagyffka /., gen. pi. neaagyflok forget-me-not (fmajika /., gen. pi. < >HaJiOK violet pomamka /., gen. pi. pomaniek daisy posa /. rose

182 178 Cereals Kyicypyaa /., no pi. maize OBC'C ra., gen. oeca oats ninemiua /., no pi. wheat pojkb /., gen. p?kh, no pi. rye pec m., no pi. rice ANIMALS AND BIRDS Wild Animals BOJIK m., gen. pi. BOJIKOB wolf esk m., gen. e>ka hedgehog aanu; m., gw. aaana hare KpoKOAHJi m. crocodile JICB m., gen. jibsa lion jmca /., pi. JIHCH fox MeABe^b m. bear o6esbflha /. monkey, ape CJIOH m., gen. cjiona elephant THrp m. tiger Mepenaxa /. tortoise Domestic Animals Bepojiroa m. camel BOJI m., gen. BOJia ox Koaa /., pi. K03H goat KODOBa /. COW KomKa /., gen. pi. KOineK cat Jioma^b /., gen. pi. Jiomaflen horse obii,a /., pi. obiiili, OBen; sheep oceji m., gen. ocjia donkey cogana /. dog CBHHbfl /., pi. CBHHbH, CBHH6H pig Birds Bopo6eH m., gen. soposbh sparrow BopoHa /. crow rojiysb m., gen. pi. rojiycen pigeon, dove rycb m., gen. pi. rycen goose HH3,R)K m., gen. HH^iOKa turkey Kypiiua /., pi. Kypti hen Jie6effi> m., gew. pi. jie6efl6h swan ope'ji m., gen. opjia eagle nonyraii m. parrot nabjiiih m. pea-cock cxpayc m. ostrich ytka /., gew. pi. y-rok duck CHEMICAL ELEMENTS aaot m. nitrogen ajhomhhhh m. aluminium 6poM m. bromine >po* m. hydrogen IH m. helium neut. iron 3OJIOTO neut. gold uon m. iodine Ka.inii m. potassium cepa /. sulphur cepespo neut. silver CTpomjHii m. strontium CBHHeu, m., gen. CBHHija lead >p6a m. oxygen /. copper m. sodium m. nickel OJIOBO neut. tin paanii m. radium pryrb /. mercury yrjiepofl m. carbon \puii m. uranium 4>6c( >op m. phosphorus x^op m. chlorine

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187 PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Anpilogova, B. G. Essential Russian-English dictionary UBRASW H

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