Language Used In Poetry. In a poem the words should be as pleasing to the ear as the meaning is to the mind. -- Marianne Moore
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1 Language Used In Poetry In a poem the words should be as pleasing to the ear as the meaning is to the mind. -- Marianne Moore
2 The Human Brain Divided into 2 parts Each half has its own function Left Brain: Logic Reality Right Brain: Creativity Emotions
3 To clarify... When you are looking at big puffy clouds... Your right brain tells you, Hey! That one looks like a bunny. While your left brain tells you...
4 So, which half do you use when studying poetry? Here are a few hints: Poetry requires creativity Poetry requires emotion Poetry requires an artistic quality Poetry requires logic
5
6 The repetition of sounds Example: hat, cat, brat, fat, mat, sat My Beard by Shel Silverstein My beard grows to my toes, I never wears no clothes, I wraps my hair Around my bare, And down the road I goes. Here is another example:
7 The beat When reading a poem out loud, you may notice a sort of sing-song quality to it, just like in nursery rhymes. This is accomplished by the use of rhythm. Rhythm is broken into types. Iambic Anapestic Trochaic Dactylic Most Used
8 These identify patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. That means one syllable is pronounced stronger, and one syllable is softer. iambic: anapestic: unstressed stressed trochaic: dactylic:
9 The length of a line of poetry, based on what type of rhythm is used. The length of a line of poetry is measured in metrical units called FEET. Each foot consists of one unit of rhythm. So, if the line is iambic or trochaic, a foot of poetry has 2 syllables. If the line is anapestic or dactylic, a foot of poetry has 3 syllables.
10 A comparison between two usually unrelated things using the word like or as. Examples: Joe is as hungry as a bear. In the morning, Rae is like an angry lion.
11 Let s see what this looks like in a poem we have never seen before in our lives Ars Poetica By Archibald MacLeish A poem should be palpable and mute as a globed fruit, Silent as the sleeve-worn stone Of casement ledges where the moss has grown A poem should be wordless As the flight of birds.
12 An implied comparison between two usually unrelated things. Examples: Lenny is a snake. Ginny is a mouse when it comes to standing up for herself. The difference between a simile and a metaphor is that a simile requires either like or as to be included in the comparison, and a metaphor requires that neither be used.
13 An extended metaphor carries a metaphor throughout part or all of a poem..
14 Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, or animals. Example: The sun stretched its lazy fingers over the valley.
15 Explains, clarifies, or illustrates by drawing a comparison.
16 In the example below, the poet uses the analogy of deleted computer files to clarify the idea that memories exist someplace but are inaccessible. Age betrayed her daily now. Memories gone, but where? Somewhere inaccessible, The way a computer file Deleted accidentally, Is there But not there.
17 A reference to another piece of literature or to history. Example: She hath Dian s wit (from Romeo and Juliet). This is an allusion to Roman mythology and the goddess Diana. The three most common types of allusion refer to mythology, the Bible, and Shakespeare s writings.
18 The repetition of the initial letter or sound in two or more words in a line. To the lay-person, these are called tongue-twisters. Example: How much dew would a dewdrop drop if a dewdrop did drop dew?
19 Let s see what this looks like in a poem we are familiar with. She Walks in Beauty I. She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which Heaven to gaudy day denies. These examples use the beginning sounds of words only twice in a line, but by definition, that s all you need.
20 The repetition of consonant sounds in stressed syllables. Gulls gracefully pass across the sky. The repeated s sound creates a sense of graceful movement from word to word.
21 Repetition of a vowel sound. Windows tinted in my ride when I drive in it. The repetition emphasizes a key idea.
22 This should be fairly selfexplanatory, but... at risk of sounding like a broken record... Using the same key word or phrase throughout a poem.
23 Valued Treasure by Chris R. Carey Time to spend; time to mend. Time to hate; time to wait. Time is the essence; time is the key. Time will tell us what we will be. Time is the enemy; time is the proof. Time will eventually show us the truth. Time is a mystery; time is a measure. Time for us is valued treasure. Time to spend; time to mend. Time to cry... Time to die.
24 Valued Treasure by Chris R. Carey Time to spend; time to mend. Time to hate; time to wait. Time is the essence; time is the key. Time will tell us what we will be. Time is the enemy; time is the proof. Time will eventually show us the truth. Time is a mystery; time is a measure. Time for us is valued treasure. Time to spend; time to mend. Time to cry... Time to die.
25 The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at the end of a stanza. It can also be an entire stanza that is repeated periodically throughout a poem, kind of like a chorus of a song.
26 Phenomenal Woman by Maya Angelou Pretty women wonder where my secret lies. I m not cute or built to suit a fashion model s size But when I start to tell them, They think I m telling lies. I say, It s in the reach of my arms, The span of my hips, The stride of my step, The curl of my lips. I m a woman Phenomenally. Phenomenal woman, That s me. Remember this
27 I walk into a room Men themselves have wondered Just as cool as you please, What they see in me. And to a man, They try so much The fellows stand or But they can t touch Fall down on their knees. My inner mystery. Then they swarm around me, When I try to show them, A hive of honey bees. They say they still can t see. I say, I say, It s the fire in my eyes, It s in the arch of my back, And the flash of my teeth, The sun of my smile, The swing of my waist,... And the joy in my feet. The grace of my style. I m a woman I m a woman Phenomenally. Phenomenal woman, Look familiar? Phenomenally. Phenomenal woman, That is refrain. That s me. That s me.
28 Words that spell out sounds; words that sound like what they mean. Examples: growl, hiss, pop, boom, crack, ptthhhbbb.
29 Let s see what this looks like in a poem we are not so familiar with yet. Noise Day by Shel Silverstein Let s have one day for girls and boyses When you can make the grandest noises. Screech, scream, holler, and yell Sneeze hiccup whistle shout, Laugh until your lungs wear out, Toot a whistle, kick a can, Bang a spoon against a pan, Sing, yodel, bellow, hum, Blow a horn, beat a drum, Rattle a window, slam a door, Scrape a rake across the floor....
30 An exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. Examples: I may sweat to death. The blood bank needs a river of blood.
31 An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says. Example: Carla didn t mean to let the cat out of the bag.
32 Using words to create a picture in the reader s mind. Using sensory language (words or phrases that appeal to the five senses.
33 The thick, rosy hamburgers sizzled on the grill or When the classically beautiful woman smelled the freshly popped popcorn, she imagined the golden streams of butter glazing lightly over each kernel.
34 A word or image that signifies something other than what is literally represented. Examples: Dark or black images in poems are often used to symbolize death. Light or white images are often used to symbolize life.
35 Denotation is the dictionary meaning of a word. The actress is a diva. Denotation: successful female performer. Negative arrogance, ego, bossiness Context: the actress has a temper tantrum Positive power, confidence, talent Context: the actress gives a great performance Connotations are emotional connections we make with words. Words can have positive or negative associations.
36 The attitude the author projects in a poem. Word choice and other poetic elements work together to convey the tone.
37 Combination of Elements Word Choices: exquisite, rare, inspire Connotations: positive Meter: musical Word Choices: isolated, loneliness Connotations: negative Meter: slow beat Word Choices: willy-nilly, whoops Connotations: positive, amusing Meter: bouncy beat Tone Created respectful admiring sorrowful pitying Carefree playful
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