SHAKESPEARE LIVE! by Richard Anderson s Primary Section. November, 2016

Transcription

1 SHAKESPEARE LIVE! by Richard Anderson s Primary Section November, 2016

2 Introduction Estimadas Familias: Compartimos con ustedes el trabajo realizado por los alumnos de 1º a 6º de Primaria con motivo de los 400 años de la muerte de William Shakespeare. Esta revista electrónica es una muestra de la integración de la lengua inglesa, la cultura que es parte de la lengua, la creatividad de alumnos y maestras, el uso de los recursos informáticos todo puesto al servicio del aprendizaje. Esperamos disfruten de este trabajo tanto como el personal del Dpto. de Inglés, la Prof. Sandra Sánchez de informática y los alumnos lo disfrutaron. Prof. Alicia Correa Directora Dpto. de Inglés

3 1 st FORM A Descriptions of Shakespeare s characters

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 1 st FORM B The children were given five pictures of different Shakespeare s plays: Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, A Midsummer Night s Dream and King Lear. They describe what they saw in the pictures, discussing and coming to an agreement, in groups. The title page of the first complete edition of Shakespeare's plays. Shakespeare didn't publish his plays during his lifetime. The first collection of his work was produced by his friends after his death..

11

12

13

14

15

16 2 nd FORM A Shakespeare s Diary An imagined portrait of William Shakespeare at 12, from painting by J. Sant (BBC Primary History)

17

18

19

20

21

22 2 nd FORM B We imagine what Shakespeare s life as a child was like.

23 Shakespeare s Diary

24

25

26

27

28 THE GLOBE

29 Outside Inside

30 3 rd FORM A Interview with Belen and Mateo Arruabarrena, ex-school students, who travelled to Shakespeare s hometown with Richard Anderson s trip to England.

31

32

33

34 4 th FORM A Life and customs in Shakespeare s times

35 She was born on September 7, 1533 in Greenwich Palace, England. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was named after both her grandmothers. (Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth Howard). Her childhood was a little bit complicated and lonely. Princess Elizabeth was christened but her father, King Henry did not attend the ceremony. She was christened in the Chapel of the Observant Friars. Her Godfather was Thomas Cramner and her Godmother was the Duchess of Norfolk. Unfortunately, his father did not want a daughter. He wanted a son who would be his heir. He wanted a son so badly that he divorced his first wife when she didn't have a son. When Elizabeth was just three years old, the king had her mother, Anne, put to death for not having a son. Then he married another wife, Jane, who finally gave him the son he wanted, Prince Edward. Elizabeth I had people who took good care of her and tutors (teachers) who helped her with her studies. Elizabeth shared her tutors with his brother Edward. Her studies included languages, grammar, theology, history, logic, philosophy, literature, geometry, and music. She was also taught religious studies. She was a very intelligent girl and learned to read and write in many different languages. She also learned how to sew and play a musical instrument called the virginal.

36 On January 15, 1559, Elizabeth I was crowned Queen by the bishop of Carlisle at Westminster Abbey, a little less than two months after the death of Mary I. She became Queen at the age of 25. She reigned for 44 years. Everyone wondered whether Elizabeth would be a good queen. They didn t want more fights. People wanted peace. What kind of queen was she? The queen liked to get her own way. She had a quick temper, she got angry easily. For example, when she got cross in public, (which was very often) she threw her shoes at people. After becoming queen, Elizabeth enjoyed dressing in fancy gowns. The style of the times followed her lead becoming full of braids, and wide sleeves with jewels. She was a huge fan of the theatre, and a good friend of William Shakespeare. She took wise decisions; she had wise advisers to help her rule. Elizabeth has traditionally been seen as one of England's greatest monarchs. She was known as The Virgin Queen, she remained unmarried to her death. Elizabeth died on March 24, 1603 at Richmond Palace and was succeeded by James I (James VI of Scotland), the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. The Tudor dynasty ended and passed to the Stuarts.

37 Elizabeth I Henry VIII Anne Boleyn Queen Elizabeth Coat of Arms Elizabeth I siblings Mary I Edward VI

38 LIFE IN THE COURT Court life: The reign of Elizabeth was known as the Golden Age. One of the biggest spectacles of Elizabeth was her court, it consisted of two main parts Organization of the Court: The physical area of the court consisted of three chambers: The Guard Chamber The Presence Chamber The Privy Chamber The second part of the court consisted of the people. Origin of the Court: The original court system was created by William the Conqueror. He surrounded himself with nobles to help him rule the country. With the Renaissance in Italy, courts became very famous and the idea soon spread to France. When Henry Tudor became King in 1485, he created the royal court in England, and the practice carried on to his granddaughter, Elizabeth I.

39 Common Rules of a Courtier: Every courtier in the Court of Elizabeth I had to have certain characteristics, and follow some important rules, to be in the favour of the Queen: Be educated Dress appropriately Don t ever upstage the queen Even more importantly, don t upset the queen And always shower the queen with compliments and gifts.

40 Houses during this time varied with the social classes. If the person belonged to the merchant class, they most likely lived in the upper floors of the house and had their shop in the lower floor. Some castles and palaces had only one toilet, but itwas little. The toilet was not private as it is today, but was still called a privy. Most houses for the middle and lower classes were made out wood. If a person was a gentleman or rich, they lived in the castle with royalty. Houses were big and they had huge windows and chimneys. Very rich people in Tudor times had large gardens with fountains. Poor people had much smaller gardens and grew their own plants and vegetables. Noblemen lived a life of luxury; they had parties and enjoyed good food. The largest room in a luxury house was the hall, where meetings took place and meals were taken. There was a separate room for women to play music. Only rich people could afford carpets, they were hung on the wall, not on the floor. Most houses had dirty floors. People covered the floor with reeds or rushes and replaced them when they became too dirty.

41

42 4 th FORM B Children in Tudor Times

43 When a child was born it was washed in water and then to keep it warm it was rubbed with butter or rose oil. The baby was then swaddled. Normally the baby was baptized within a few days because the risk of it dying was so high.

44 Many people born in Tudor Times did not survive childhood. Perhaps 25% of children died before their 5 th birthday and as many as 40% died before their 16 th birthday. Childbirth was also dangerous for Tudor women and many mothers died.

45 Ordinary Tudor women breast fed but upper class women gave their baby to a wet nurse to be fed. Babies were swaddled until they were 8 or 9 months and most of the time they were laid in a wooden cradle and allowed to sleep

46 Young children began school at the age of 4. Boys usually went to a kind of nursery school called a petty school. When they were about seven, they went to the Grammar School. The school day began at 6.00am in summer and 7.00am in winter. People went to bed early and got up early in those days. Lunch was from 11.00am to 1.00pm. School finished at about 5.00pm. Boys went to school six days a week and there were few holidays.

47 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE AND ELIZABETH I

48 Shakespeare was probably attracted to Elizabeth and her Court, and proved a faithful servant to his Queen. The first evidence of this is in his poem to the Virgin Queen, in that early drama, A Midsummer-Night's Dream, as "a fair vestal throned by the west"; the play was probably produced for a special Court performance, in front of Queen Elizabeth I. Elizabeth was a tremendous fan of theater and the literary arts.

49 It is known from the State papers and other authentic documents that the company to which the poet belonged was, in the Christmas holidays of , playing before the Queen at Whitehall and at Richmond Palace. They also played again before her majesty at the latter palace on two occasions in the year 1600, and at the former palace in the Christmas festivities of the same year, and on February 24, 1601, they played before her Majesty at Richmond Palace, and again before the Queen at Whitehall during the festivities of In the late part of her life Queen Elizabeth was often at Nonsuch Palace during the summer. Her successive and frequent stay there was during the period of Shakespeare's enrolment as actor and servant to her majesty. So we can suppose that the players frequently acted at this favourite royal mansion, as at her other palaces, and Shakespeare would be one of the number. Eventually the palace came into the possession of Anne of Denmark and Henrietta Maria, both lovers of drama. The last time the company had the honour to perform before the aged Queen, was at the palace at Richmond on February 2, 1603, her death following soon after a brief illness on March 24th of the same year.

50 How did people dress in Tudor times? People dressed in a very different way. Rich people wore extravagant clothes but peasants wore ordinary fabrics. Rich women They wore long dresses. They wore padded skirts held up with loops. Over these went bodices and color fullfloor-length gowns. They wore long dresses and ruffles. They wore ruffles, the ruffles showed how rich you were. There were laws controlling what people wore. Rich men They wore white silk shirts, frilled at the neck and wrists. Over this they wore a doublet (a bit like a tightfitting jacket), and closefitting striped trousers (called hose). Everyone wore their hair shoulder length.

51 Children Tudor children dressed like mini versions of adults, boys wore girl's clothing until they turned nine. Children wore heavy satins (which is a weave which has a glossy surface and a dull back), and ruffed necks. Peasants Peasants wore simple, loose-fitting clothes made of woolen cloth. Most men wore trousers made from wool and a tunic which came down to just above their knee. Women wore a dress of wool that went down to the ground. They often wore an apron over this and a cloth bonnet on their heads.

52 How adults enjoyed themselves in Tudor Times. In the working week, most people had little time to relax and enjoy themselves. However, there were quite a few holidays: on Sundays, on Saints Days, and at the great festival of Christmas, Easter and Whitsuntide. Wrestling, bowls, skittles and cards were all popular games to play. So was an early form of football, which was less of a sport than that a friendly kind of fight. Another sort of entertainment was the public torture and execution of criminals. In Tudor Times people had to make their own entertainments. Hours of work were long and without electric light or the benefit of being able to read, many people simply went to bed when it got dark. The time of entertainment was on a Sunday or Saint s day or when there was a great public event, Royal wedding or public execution. Sports Sports were very popular in the XVI century. Some of the most popular are still played today. Jousting Pitching the Bar Throwing the Sledgehammer Fox hunting Did you know that when they executed someone, people had fun!

53 The theatre The popularity of the theatre worked with both, rich and poor alike, during the sixteenth century. This popularity was helped by the rise of great playwrights such as Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare as well as the building of the Globe theater in London. In 1599 Shakespeare had the original Globe Theatre built in Southwark for his theatre company.

54 MULTIDISCIPLINARY GROUP Comparison Shakespeare - Dickens

55 William Shakespeare Charles Dickens William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564, in Stratford-upon- Avon, England. From 1594 onward he was an important member of the Lord Chamberlain s Men company of theatrical players. Shakespeare wrote plays that captured the complete range of human emotion and conflict. british writers Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. Over the course of his writing career, he wrote the beloved classic novels Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, Nicholas Nickleby, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations. On June 9, 1870, Dickens died of a stroke in Kent, England.

56 5 th FORM A & B Elizabethan Theatre is different from modern theatre in many ways. Here are some differences

57 Elizabethan Theatres Nowday s theatres In the 16th century, actors travelled from town to town on a cart, looking for audiences to pay to watch them perform. Playhouses were not constructed in London until Theatre houses are set up in a permanent location. They often stay open for decades and become part of a community. People expected to see a new play every day in theatres. This meant many actors and playwrights were employed to meet the demands of audiences. Theatre Waterside A theatre will show ( run )the same play for a much longer time. Modern playhouses can run a play for weeks, months, and even years (think Broadway theatres).

58 Going to the theatre was not considered to be a fancy affair. Plays were often crude (by modern standards). Theatre would compete with other entertainment such as bear baiting (which involved watching and betting on bears killing dogs) Going to the theatre is considered to be a sophisticated and elegant affair. People often go to a fancy dinner before or after they see a play

59 Going to a play was an exciting event. Groundlings would talk, shout and even throw rotten things to the stage during the play. The Groundlings would let everybody in the theatre know the opinion of the audience. During the play, rich audience would sit on the stage and make comments. Going to a play is a more serious event. Audience must be quiet during the play. They are reminded to be silent all the time. Poor people called the groundlings, or penny knaves, were famous for their love of plays. They would pay one penny to stand in front of the stage in an area called the open yard. Typically going to watch play is associated with the wealthy or the intellectual. Tickets are usually considered more expensive for the average person.

60 The most expensive seats in a theatre were the in the top row of the theatre, farthest from the audience. The cheap seats were directly in front of the stage, although people in this area stood. Rich people would want to have the most segregated and exclusive seats in the theatre, away from the roadway, poor people. Some of the most expensive seats in a modern theatre are the orchestra seats, which are directly in front of the stage. The cheapest seats are in the back of the theatre because they have the worst view of the stage.

61 Acting was not a highly paid or highly respected profession. Actors were seen as vagrant troublemakers who promoted an offensive lifestyle. Women were not allowed to act until after Teenage boys would play the roles of women. Acting is a very highly paid profession that many people respect and appreciate. Both men and women are allowed to act on stage or in movies. Men and women may also play opposite gender roles. Boys as Girls

62 Theatres did not have roof Most of theatres are inside There were candles lo light a stage There are electric lights. Most plays were seen at two o clock in the afternoon Although there are still afternoon matinees for theatres, the most popular showings are typically seen at night

63 6 th FORM A Romeo and Juliet An original Shakespeare manuscript, held by the Folger Shakespeare Library

64 Plot of Romeo and Juliet The Capulets and Montagues are two important families in the city of Verona. They are sworn enemies and have been fighting for many years. Prince Escalus, the city s peacekeeper, stop the fight and says that anyone else who fights in the street will be punished with death. Benvolio then talks with his cousin Romeo. Romeo explains that he is miserable because he s in love with a girl called Rosaline but she doesn t love him back. Benvolio advises him to look at other girls. Paris, a wealthy gentleman, visits Lord Capulet to ask for his daughter s hand in marriage. Capulet agrees to throw a party where Paris can look at all the young women of Verona, including Juliet. Benvolio suggests to Romeo that they should attend Capulet s party in disguise. Once there, Juliet and Romeo set eyes on each other and it s love at first sight. After the party Romeo climbs over the Capulet s garden wall in order to spend more time with Juliet. She appears on her balcony and they declare their love for each other. Knowing that their families are sworn enemies, they decide to get married in secret. With the help of her Nurse and Friar Lawrence who conducts the marriage, the next day, they are married.

65 Plot: Romeo and Juliet Part II Romeo and Juliet s secret marriage takes place in the early afternoon. Later Romeo is with his friends, Mercutio and Benvolio, Mercutio fights Tybalt who is Juliet s cousin. During the fight Mercutio is stabbed and dies. Romeo is so upset at the death of his friend that he fights Tybalt in revenge. Benvolio explains the fight to Prince Escalus who declares that because Romeo has killed in revenge he will be banished from the city of Verona rather than sentenced to death. After a secret night with Juliet, Romeo escapes to Mantua. Juliet is heartbroken and Friar Lawrence makes a plan to reunite the couple. The Friar will give Juliet a potion to make her appear dead. After drinking it, her family will lay her apparently lifeless body in the Capulet tomb... The potion will last for 24 hours, during which time Friar Lawrence will send news to Romeo. As the potion wears off and Juliet awakens, Romeo will arrive at the tomb and the couple will run away. Juliet carries out her part of the plan and takes the potion as she goes to bed. The Nurse is very distressed when she discovers Juliet in the morning. The Capulets place Juliet in the tomb. Romeo is heartbroken. He drinks a poison and dies. Moments later, Juliet s potion wears off and she wakes up. She sees Romeo dead by her side and tries to drink the final drops of poison from his lips. She takes his dagger and stabs herself. The Montagues and Capulets are so upset by the deaths of their children that they agree to bring the family feud to an end for good

66 The Characters in Romeo and Juliet As you might expect, characters in Romeo and Juliet fall into two camps - the Montagues and the Capulets. These are the two families who have been at war for many years. Romeo is a Montague and Juliet is a Capulet. There are lots of characters in this play, but the main ones are: Romeo, Juliet, The Nurse and Friar Lawrence Romeo Juliet Impulsive he falls immediately in love with Juliet and forgets Rosaline. Devoted friend when Mercutio is killed by Tybalt, Romeo is so enraged that he kills him too. Passionate he kills himself in order to be with Juliet. Obedient even though she has not thought of love or marriage before now, Juliet agrees to look at Paris at the party. Passionate she falls instantly in love with Romeo. Courageous she disobeys her parents and arranges to marry Romeo in secret. She later kills herself for love.

67 Characters IN Romeo and Juliet Romeo Montague Juliet Capulet Mercutio Montague Tybalt Capulet Benvolio - Montague The Nurse Capulet Friar Lawrence

68 Themes DUALITY: The very first word of this play is two, and throughout the play we are presented again and again with pairs of people and concepts. In terms of people we have Capulets and Montagues. Romeo and Juliet, Tybalt and Benvolio. As you can see, sometimes the pairs are complementary and work together. We see duality in love and hate, war and peace. FATE: There are lots of incidences throughout the play when the main characters refer to omens that hint at their tragic ending. For example, before the Capulet party, Romeo feels worried that something bad is hanging in the stars. Later when Juliet looks at Romeo from the balcony she is upset because she sees him as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. LOVE: The main theme of love is introduced at the very beginning by the Chorus who tells the audience that this is a play about star-crossed lovers. When we first meet Romeo he is love-sick for Rosaline and talks to Benvolio about how painful love can be. During the Capulet s party, we are presented with 'love at first sight' when Romeo and Juliet fall instantly for each other. The romantic love between the couple develops throughout the play and for them love ultimately leads to death.

69 The Language in Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare, uses a lot of poetic and metaphoric language. For example oxymorons. An oxymoron is when words with contradictory meanings are placed side by side. Shakespeare also uses rhymes to explain the love between the two characters A rhyme is when a sound is the same between words, especially when these are used at the end of lines in poetry. The author also uses metaphors: A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

70 ROMEO AND JULIET PLAYS - MOVIE VERSIONS - ADAPTATIONS The best movie versions are: Romeo + Juliet (1996) by Baz Luhrmann. Gnomeo and Juliet (2013) by Zeffirelli. There are also very original adaptations: West Side Story (1960) by Robert Wise, Jerome Robbins. Romeo and Juliet(2011) by Kelly Asbury.