3. MANNER of articulation. English Phonetics and Phonology. Manners of articulation. Manners of articulation

Transcription

1 3. MANNER of ariculaion English Phoneics and Phonology How and o wha exen he airsream is blocked (compleely, incompleely). Lecure 3: Consonans (inroducion) (coninued) KAMIYAMA, Takeki akeki.kamiyama@univ-paris8.fr 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 2 Manners of ariculaion Manners of ariculaion Complee Complee p b d k g Incomplee Incomplee Wells & House (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 3 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 4

2 Plosives (or sops): he case of he bilabial plosives Plosives (or sops): he case of he bilabial plosives ariculaors ariculaors 4 phases 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure Closure phase: one ariculaor moves oward anoher, or wo ariculaors move oward each oher, so as o form a sricure ha allows no air o escape from he vocal rac. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 6 Plosives (or sops): he case of he bilabial plosives ariculaors Plosives (or sops): he case of he bilabial plosives ariculaors 2. Hold phase: a oal sricure is formed. No air escapes from he vocal rac. Air is compressed behind he sricure and he air pressure rises. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure Release phase: as he ariculaors (he upper and lower lips) move apar, he airsream is released in a small burs (called plosion). 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 8

3 Plosives (or sops): he case of he bilabial plosives Plosives (or sops): he case of he bilabial plosives Phases 1-3 ariculaors 4. Pos-release phase : he ariculaors (he upper and lower lips) move furher away. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 9 or hold Clark & Yallop (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 10 Complee Manners of ariculaion Fricaives: he case of he alveolar fricaives ariculaors f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h Incomplee Wells & House (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 11 Tongue ip or blade Phase 1: one ariculaor moves oward anoher, or wo ariculaors move oward each oher, so as o form a sricure wih a very narrow passage. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 12

4 ariculaors Fricaives: he case of he alveolar fricaives Fricaives: he case of he alveolar fricaives ariculaors Tongue ip or blade Phase 2: he airsream passes hrough he narrow passage beween he ariculaors, creaing a coninuous hissing sound (heard as fricion) caused by urbulen airflow. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 13 Tongue ip or blade Phase 3: he ariculaors (he ongue blade and he alveolar ridge) move away. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 14 Fricaives: he case of he alveolar fricaives Manners of ariculaion Complee ʃ dʒ Clark & Yallop (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 15 Incomplee 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 16

5 Affricaes: he case of he palao-alveolar affricaes - hard palae Affricaes: he case of he palao-alveolar affricaes - hard palae ariculaors ariculaors Affricae: plosive (sop) + fricaive. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure Closure phase: one ariculaor moves oward anoher, or wo ariculaors move oward each oher, so as o form a sricure ha allows no air o escape from he vocal rac. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 18 ariculaors Affricaes: he case of he palao-alveolar affricaes - hard palae Affricaes: he case of he palao-alveolar affricaes - hard palae ariculaors ʃ 2. Hold phase: a oal sricure is formed. No air escapes from he vocal rac. Air is compressed behind he sricure and he air pressure rises. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure Fricion phase: he ariculaors move apar, bu no as rapidly as in plosives. They say close enough o creae a urbulen airflow, causing a hissing sound as in a fricaive. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 20

6 ariculaors Affricaes: he case of he palao-alveolar affricaes - hard palae Complee Manners of ariculaion Phase 4: he ariculaors (he ongue blade and he alveolar ridge) move away. m n ŋ 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 21 Incomplee Wells & House (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 22 Nasals Nasal vowels Nasals Nasal consonans The sof palae (velum) is lowered so ha he airseam will pass hrough he nasal caviy. P. Ashby (1995) P. Ashby (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure /3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 23 The sof palae (velum) is lowered so ha he airseam will pass hrough he nasal caviy, bu no hrough he oral caviy because of a complee sricure a some poin in he oral caviy.

7 Pharyngeal wall Nasals: he case of he bilabial nasal Pharyngeal wall Nasals: he case of he bilabial nasal Velum Velum ariculaors ariculaors phases 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 25 Phase 1: he velum is lowered as he ariculaors (lips) approach each oher. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 26 Pharyngeal wall Nasals: he case of he bilabial nasal Pharyngeal wall Nasals: he case of he bilabial nasal Velum ariculaors Airflow hrough he nasal caviy Velum ariculaors No airflow hrough he oral caviy Phase 2: air flows ou hrough he nose, bu no from he mouh. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 27 Phase 3: he velum is raised again (if he following sound is oral) as he ariculaors (lips) come apar. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 28

8 Complee Manners of ariculaion Approximans: he case of he palao-alveolar (posalveolar) approximan Back of he alveolar ridge ariculaors Tongue ip r j w The ariculaors come close, bu no enough o creae urbulence: here is no hissing sound. Incomplee Wells & House (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure /3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 30 Compare: Approximans Fricaives Manners of ariculaion Complee narrow enough o generae urbulence approximan l 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 31 Incomplee Wells & House (1995) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 32

9 Laeral approximans: he case of he alveolar laeral approximan Compare: ariculaors The ariculaors come close and make a complee in he cenre of he vocal rac, bu air escapes hrough one or boh sides: here is no hissing sound. 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 33 r l Caford (1988) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 34 Manners of ariculaion: summary (or sop) Consonans on he IPA char (laeral approximan) 4/3/2013 T. Kamiyama English Phoneics and Phonology Lecure 3 35

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