Chapter 11 Other Punctuation Marks

Transcription

1 Chapter 11 Other Punctuation Marks See website below for PowerPoint

2 End Marks A sentence always begins with a capital letter. It always a period a question mark, or an exclamation point.

3 Use a period after a sentence that makes a statement. Sam is seven feet tall. Period (.) Use a period after most abbreviations. Dr. Butcher Ms. Marple M.D. A.M.

4 Question Mark (?) Use a question mark after a direct question. What color is that Martian? Ed asked. Do not use a question mark after an indirect question. Sue asked how Ed s therapy was going.

5 Exclamation Point (!) Use an exclamation point after a word or sentence that expresses strong feeling. Wow! This liver is tasty!

6 Colon (:) The colon is often a mark of introduction. Use the colon at the end of a COMPLETE statement to do the following: 1. Introduce a list which explains the complete statement. EXAMPLE: The music store sells a wide variety of items: compact discs, cassettes, and clothes.

7 Colon (:) 2. Introduce a long quotation. EXAMPLE: The policy is stated on the door: All our merchandise is considered valuable. Those who enter this store are responsible for their behavior. This includes children, who must be supervised. If any customer damages any merchandise, he must pay for it.

8 SEMICOLON (;) The semicolon is used to join two complete thoughts that are so closely connected that you want to write them as one sentence. Marty was not a cashier; he was a sales associate.

9 HYPHEN (-) There are two uses for the hyphen. 1. With two or more words that act as a single unit describing a noun. The one-of-a-kind Christmas wreaths were very expensive. 2. To divide a word at the end of a line of writing or typing. The salespersons attended training sessions to insure that even when customers are antagonistic, the staff responds politely.

10 Dashes (--) Dashes are used to set off information that interrupts the flow of sentences. Use dashes to show an abrupt beak in thought. Your prize will be a cruise to Bermuda assuming you win the contest.

11 PARENTHESIS ( ) Use parentheses to set off extra or incidental information from the rest of a sentence. In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda fountain) has become a meeting place for friends. NOTE: Sometimes parentheses enclose letters or numbers that signal items in a series. SPECIAL NOTE: DO NOT USE PARENTHESES TOO OFTEN. They can make you seem uncertain or hesitant.

12 Apostrophe There are two different uses of the apostrophe. Use the apostrophe with a contraction, a shortened form of a word. Use the apostrophe to show ownership or possession. A cowboy s outfit can t help but stand out in a crowd.

13 Contractions When two words are combined to make one word, an apostrophe is used to show where letters have been omitted. This is called a contraction. Contractions are reserved for informal occasions. I + have = I ve did + not = didn t let + us = let s

14 Contractions Note: The word it s has two meanings. It is OR It has It`s too late to watch a cowboy movie. (It is too late.) It`s been years since cowboy songs were popular. (It has been years.)

15 Quotation Marks ( ) There are two main uses of quotation marks: 1. To set off the EXACT words of a speaker or writer. 2. To set off the titles of short works.

16 Quotation Marks ( ) Use quotation marks to show the exact words of a speaker or writer. NOT NEEDED Jennifer said that she enjoyed shopping for clothes. NEEDED Jennifer said, I enjoy shopping for clothes.

17 Using Punctuation with Quotation Marks ( ) A comma sets off the quoted part from the rest of the sentence. Periods at the end of the quote go INSIDE the quotation marks. Commas that come at the end of a quoted section go inside the quotation marks. EXAMPLE: If the mall opens at nine, David said, we can eat breakfast there. EXAMPLE: Ryan explained, The skis are on sale until tomorrow.

18 Capitalization EXAMPLE: Martha explained, The flower shop is my favorite store to visit. Every quotation begins with a capital letter. EXAMPLE: Bands play music every Wednesday night, Jason said, especially in the new coffee shop. When a quotation is split, the second part does not begin with a capital letter unless it is another complete sentence.

19 Titles The second main use of quotation marks is with titles of short works. With titles of major works we use italics. If a font with italics is not available, the titles of long works are underlined.

20 Titles Use quotation marks to set off the titles of articles, short stories, poems, and songs. Long works such as novels, magazine titles, and movies are either in italics or they are underlined. Example: The bookstore sells Teen Fad magazine which has the article Why Tattoos Attract Men.

21 Titles To set off special words or phrases from the rest of a sentence. Rob s nutritious lunch consisted of a candy bar and a bag of corn chips. To mark a quote within a quote. For this purpose, use single quotes. Jamie said, My favorite short story is Twirling by Carolyn Murphy.

22 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. When Octavian Answer: later When known Octavian as the (later Roman Emperor known Augustus as the Roman declared Emperor war against Cleopatra Augustus) and declared Mark war Anthony, against Cleopatra the queen insisted and on taking Mark Anthony, part in the the queen military campaign. insisted on taking part in the military campaign.

23 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. The storm was savage it demolished most of the coastal town. Answer: The storm was savage ; it demolished most of the coastal town..

24 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Catherine Answer the Great : Catherine established the Great new institutions established in new Russia institutions the first in Russia: Russian school for the first girls, Russian a medical school for college, girls, and health care a for medical her college, subjects. and health care for her subjects.

25 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. People believe that Marie Antoinette said, Let them eat cake. Answer : People believe that Marie Antoinette said, Let them eat cake.

26 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Kerry replied When the Habsburg family Answer: Kerry replied, When the Habsburg reigned family reigned in Europe, in Europe, one one very very successful ruler ruler was a woman. What What was her was name? her name?

27 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. I always get confused Bernie said about Mary Queen of Scots. Answer: I always get confused, Bernie said, about Mary Queen of Scots.

28 Apostrophe Practice Review Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect My fathers biggest barbecue is held on the Fourth of July. Incorrect: father s

29 Punctuation Review Insert punctuation where necessary. Pocahontas was an influential character in American history our own princess. Answer: Pocahontas was an influential character in American history our own princess.