Gordon College. College of Education, Arts, and Sciences. Module in English Grammar. Topic: sentences according to structure

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1 Gordon College College of Education, Arts, and Sciences Module in English Grammar Topic: sentences according to structure (simple, compound, complex, compound-complex) Prepared by: RAY ALEXANDER DAYAP BSED- ENGLISH III SUBMITTED TO: RUDY P. ESPOSO II Instructor III

2 Introduction This module contains definitions of simple, compound, complex, compound-complex sentences with many simple examples. The purpose of these examples is to help the ESL/EFL learner to identify sentence basics including identification of the sentences in the short quizzes that follows. The structure of the sentence refers to the kinds and the number of clauses it contains. The four kinds of sentences are simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. Pre-test Identify each of the following sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound complex. 1. The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance. 2. Juan played football while Juanita went shopping. 3. Juan played football, yet Juanita went shopping. 4. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with. 5. Although Mexico has the better football team, it lost. 6. The island was filled with many winding trails, a small lake, and dangerous wild pigs. 7. Pedro passed the test because he studied hard and understood the material. 8. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought we were wrong. 9. She did not cheat on the test, for it was not the right thing to do. 10. Some students like to study in the mornings. Pre-activity I. Identify the following whether the following is Independent or subordinate. 1.Lazy students whine. 2.As cola spilled over the glass and splashed onto the counter 3.My dog loves pizza crusts 4.Whenever lazy students whine 5. She loves cats. II. Read and understand the graphic organizer Sentence structure Simple Compound-complex compound Complex

3 Sentence structure The structure of a sentence refers to the kinds and the number of clauses it contains. The four kinds of sentences are simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. Simple sentences A simple sentence contains one independent clause and no subordinating clauses. EXAMPLES S V The hairstylist gave Melchora a new look S V Ernesto has volunteered to organize the recycling campaign A simple sentence may contain a compound subject, a compound verb, and any number of phrases. EXAMPLES S S V Lorna de Guzman and Lolita Mirasol won Olympic medals [compound subject] S V V Lawrence caught the ball but then dropped it. [compound verb] S S V V The astronomer and her assistant studied the meteor and wrote reports. [ compound subject and compound verb] S V Both of the scientists on the expedition stood still, waiting for the jungle cat to move away. [three prepositional phrases, one participial phrase, and one infinitive phrase] or yet. Compound sentences A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses. The independent clauses are usually joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction: and, but, for, nor, so, EXAMPLES S V S V He didn t want to go to the dentist, yet he went anyway. [two independent clauses joined the conjunction yet] S V S V S V The whistle blew, the drums rolled, and the crowed cheered. [three independent clauses, the last two joined by the conjunction and] NOTE Do not be confuse a compound sentence with a simple sentence that contains a compound subject, a compound verb, or both

4 Simple Sentence S S V V Alberto S and Jared S increased V their speed and passed V the other runner. [compound subject and compound verb.] Compound sentence S V S V S Alberto led for half the distance, and then Jared took the led. [ two independent clauses] The independent clauses in a compound sentence may also be joined by a semicolon, a conjunctive, adverbs, and a comma. EXAMPLE S V S V Many mathematical concepts originated in North Africa ; the ancient Egyptians used these concepts in building the Pyramids clause) EXAMPLES Complex sentences A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause (dependent S V S V When I watch Martha Paje s performances I feel like studying dance. I feel like studying dance When I watch Martha Paje s performances S V S V S V In Gone with the Wind, when Scartlett is faced near-starvation, she vows that she never will be hungry again Subordinating clause In Gone with the Wind, she vows when Scartlett is faced near-starvation that she never will be hungry again s can be interrupted by subordinate clauses EXAMPLE S S V V All of the stars that we can see without telescope are part of the Milky Way galaxy. All of the stars are part of the Milky Way galaxy Dependent clause That we can see without telescope Notice in the example above that a subordinate clause can appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a complex sentence.

5 Compound-Complex sentences A compound-complex sentence contains two or more s and at least one subordi- EXAMPLES S V S V Yolanda began painting only two years ago, but already she has been asked to show her paintings at S V the exhibit that is scheduled for May. Yolanda began painting only two years ago, but already she has been asked to show her paintings at the exhibit that is scheduled for May. S V S V S V When Bill left, he locked the door, but he forgot to turn off the lights he locked the door he forgot to turn off the lights When Bill left S V S V S V V Emilia has several hobbies that she enjoys, but the one on which she spends the most time is woodcarving Emilia has several hobbies the most time is woodcarving that she enjoys on which she spends the most time drills Exercise 1 Identify the subjects and verbs in the following Simple Sentence. Example: Throughout the history, people have invented and used a variety of weapons. 1. people subject ; have invented, used--- verbs 1.Joe waited for the train. 2.The train was late. 3. Mary and Samantha took the bus. 4. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station. 5.Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.

6 Exercise 2 Identify each of the following sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound complex. 1. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon. 2.I really want to go to work but I am too sick to drive. 3. The door of the morning room was open as I went through the hall, and I caught a glimpse of Uncle Tom messing about with his collection of old silver. 4. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. 5. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying Enhancement Exercise 3 Identify each subject and verb in the following sentences. Then, tell whether the sentence is a s i m p l e or a compound sentence. EXAMPLE Nora Aunor, fro example, made many films, and she is best known for her role in Walang Himala. Nora Aunor subject; made verb; she subject; is known verb; compound. 1. Jenny was late 2.Joe waited for the train, but the train was late. 3. Alex and Xander took the Gordon College Admission Exam. 4.Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station 5.Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived. Exercise 4 Identify each of the clauses in the following sentences and tell whether compound or compoundcomplex sentences 1. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow 2. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with. 3. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong 4. He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker. reinforcement Exercise 5 Write 2 example of each sentence structure simple, compound, complex, and compoundcomplex.

7 Exercise 6 Identify each of the following sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound complex. 1. The traffic light simply would not turn green, so the people stopped to wait as the traffic rolled and the wind blew cold, and the hour grew dark and late 2. The animals snarled and screeched and growled and whinnied and whimpered and hooted and howled and gobbled up the whole ice cream stand. 3. The antlers of a standing moose, as everybody knows, are just the perfect place to hang your wet and drippy clothes. 4. The grungy, grumpy, grouchy Giant grew tired of his frowny pout and hired me and Lee to lift the corners of his crumblin' mouth. 5. We'll walk with a walk that is measured and slow, and we'll go where the chalk-white arrows go Meaningful activity Exercise 7 Using Sentence variety in telephone message Imagine that you have missed your ride home after school, so you have gone to a friend s house. No one is at your home now, but you know you should call and leave a message on the answering machine. Write out the message that you will leave. Use a variety of sentence structure. Post test Identify each of the following sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. 1. I made an airplane out of stone. 2. I put a piece of cantaloupe underneath the microscope. 3. Oaties stay oaty, and Wheat Chex stay floaty, and nothing can take the puff out of Puffed Rice. 4. While fishing in the blue lagoon, I caught a lovely silver fish. 5. They say if you step on a crack, you will break your mother's back. 6. They just had a contest for scariest mask, and I was the wild and daring one whowon the contest for scariest mask-- and I'm not even wearing one. 7. My voice was raspy, rough, and cracked. 8. I opened my eyes and looked up at the rain, and it dripped in my head and flowed into my brain. 9. They say that once in Zanzibar a boy stuck out his tongue so far that it reached the heavens and touched a star, which burned him rather badly. 10. I'm going to Camp Wonderful beside Lake Paradise across from Blissful Mountain in the Valley of the Nice

8 Key to correction Pre-test 1. Simple 2. Complex 3. Compound 4. Compound-complex 5. Complex 6. Simple 7. Complex 8. Compound-complex 9. Compound 10. simple Pre-activities I 1. Independent Clause 2. Subordinate Clause 3. Independent Clause Independent Clause Drills Exercise 1 1. "Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb 2. "The train" = subject, "was" = verb 3. "Mary and Samantha" = subject, "took" = verb 4. "I" = subject, "looked" = verb 5. "Mary and Samantha" = subject, "arrived" and "left" = compound verb Exercise 2 1. Simple sentence 2. Compound sentence 3. Compound-complex sentence 4. Complex 5. Complex Enhancement Exercise 3 1. Jenny subject; was verb; simple sentence 2. Alex and Xander subject; took verb; simple sentence 3. Joe subject; waited verb; train subject; was verb; compound 4. Mary and Samantha subject; left verb; I subject; see verb; compound 5. Mary and Sam subject; arrive verb; they subject; left verb; compound Exercise 4 1. compound : the students are studying : they have a test tomorrow 2. compound-complex independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately" independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with" dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping.." 3. compound-complex independent clause: "We decided that the movie was too violent" independent clause: "(but) our children thought that we were wrong" dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies 4. compound : he ran out of money : he had to stop playing poker.

9 Reinforcement Exercise 5. The answers of the students may vary. Exercise 6. 1.compound-complex 2.simple 3. complex 4. simple 5. compound-complex Meaningful Activity Exercise 7 The answers of the students may vary. Post test 1. simple sentence 2. simple sentence 3. compound sentence 4. complex sentence 5. complex sentence 6. compound-complex sentence 7. simple sentence 8. compound sentence 9. complex sentence 10. simple sentence