For every sentences A and B, there is a sentence: A B,

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "For every sentences A and B, there is a sentence: A B,"

Transcription

1 Disjunction: ViewIII.doc 1 or every sentences A and B, there is a sentence: A B, which is the disjunction of A and B. he sentences A and B are, respectively, the first disjunct and the second disjunct of. A B. Note: A similar terminology is used for conjunctions. A and B are, respectively, the first conjunct and the second conjunct of A B. Like conjunction, disjunction denotes the operation as well as the resulting sentence; we speak of A B as a disjunction. he semantics of disjunction is given through the truth-table of A B: A B A B In words: he disjunction gets just when at least one of he disjuncts gets (including the case where both get ). It gets just when both disjuncts get.

2 ViewIII.doc 2 he connectives correspond to ways of forming sentences in natural language: : negating a sentence by means of not, or it is not the case that. : combining sentences by means of and. : combining sentences by means of or, or either or. In the case of negation and conjunction, the truth-values of the compound reflect our natural language intuitions: John went to the movie John did not go the movie John is tall Mary is tall John is tall and Mary is tall In the case of disjunction there are two possible interpretations of the natural language counterpart: the particle or. Inclusive or : If both disjuncts are true the disjunction is true. o Jill is at home or Jill s husband is at home, [given as an answer to the question whether someone is at Jill s home]. Eclusive or : If both disjuncts are true the disjunction is false. o You will either pay the fine, or go to jail, [asserted by a judge as part of the verdict].

3 ViewIII.doc 3 Of the two, inclusive or is the basic logical connective; eclusive or enjoys no special status and does not merit a notation. Arguably, in many natural language cases, given as eamples of eclusive or, the eclusivity does not derive from the meaning of the logical particle, but from other background facts. herefore in such eamples inclusive or will do as well. If, we consider a connective,, that represents eclusive or [there is no such customary notation], then its truth-table is: A B A B he following equivalence holds: A B (A B) (A B) Intuitively, the left-hand side says: A or B, and not both, which is what eclusive or amounts to. ruth-table checking shows that the right-hand side has indeed the required truth-values: A B A B A B (A B) (A B) (A B)

4 his can be stated by saying that,, and. ViewIII.doc 4 is epressible in terms of Note that epressibility is a semantic notion. It means that we can translate compounds formed by into compounds formed by the other connectives, which have the same truth-value behavior. One can also easily verify that: A B (A B) ( A B ) Each of and can be epressed in terms of negation and the other connective: 1. A B ( A B) 2. A B ( A B) We can construct a system of sentential logic that uses only the connectives and. In this system we epress disjunction via the equivalence 1. We can still use, but we regard epressions involving as shorthand notations for longer epressions obtained by translating them via 1. hat is, we stipulate: A B = Df ( A B). Similarly, using 2., we can base the system solely on and. he present system uses both and as primitive connectives. he sentences A B and ( A B) are different but logically equivalent. Homework 2.5: Show that can be epressed in terms of,, and (i.e., construct a sentence, using only,, and whose column in the truth-table is the same as that of A B). In fact, one can epress using only and, without using (this is easier than it looks; think intuitively what the sentence can say).,

5 ViewIII.doc 5 Grouping convention for : he disjunction symbol binds more weakly than the symbols for conjunction and negation. Eample: A B C is read as: ( A) (( B) C) Ways of proving equivalence: o show: it suffices that one show any of the following: (i) If get, then gets, and if gets, then gets. (ii) If get, then gets, and if gets, then gets. (iii) If get, then gets, and if gets, then gets. (iv) If get, then gets, and if gets, then gets Some equivalence claims are easier to prove using one of these ways, rather than another. e.g., (iii) is most suited for proving: A B ( A B)

6 ViewIII.doc 6 Homework 2.6: ind all the pairs of the following sentences that are logically equivalent (in general). Write your results by filling in a table as in Homework 2.4. (he grouping convention applies.) 1. A B 2. (A B) 3. ( A B) (C C) 4. (A B) ( A B) 5. (B C) (B C) 6. (A B) C 7. (A B) C or each pair that is not logically equivalent in general, find a truth-value assignment to the sentential variables under which the sentences have different truth-values.

7 ViewIII.doc 7 Homework 2.7 ind all the tautologies and all contradictions among the following sentences. or sentences not listed as a tautology find a truth-value assignment under which the sentence gets. or sentences not listed as a contradiction find a truth-value assignment under which the sentence gets. Note that some sentences might be neither tautologies nor contradictions. [It is better not to construct full truth-tables, but to find directly whether a sentence can get and whether it can get.] 1. (A B) (A B) 2. A ( (A B) (C A)) 3. (A B) ( A B) 4. (A B) ( A B) 5. (A B) (B A) 6. (A B) (A C)

COMP Intro to Logic for Computer Scientists. Lecture 2

COMP Intro to Logic for Computer Scientists. Lecture 2 COMP 1002 Intro to Logic for Computer Scientists Lecture 2 B 5 2 J Twins puzzle There are two identical twin brothers, Dave and Jim. One of them always lies; another always tells the truth. Suppose you

More information

Introduction p. 1 The Elements of an Argument p. 1 Deduction and Induction p. 5 Deductive Argument Forms p. 7 Truth and Validity p. 8 Soundness p.

Introduction p. 1 The Elements of an Argument p. 1 Deduction and Induction p. 5 Deductive Argument Forms p. 7 Truth and Validity p. 8 Soundness p. Preface p. xi Introduction p. 1 The Elements of an Argument p. 1 Deduction and Induction p. 5 Deductive Argument Forms p. 7 Truth and Validity p. 8 Soundness p. 11 Consistency p. 12 Consistency and Validity

More information

Vagueness & Pragmatics

Vagueness & Pragmatics Vagueness & Pragmatics Min Fang & Martin Köberl SEMNL April 27, 2012 Min Fang & Martin Köberl (SEMNL) Vagueness & Pragmatics April 27, 2012 1 / 48 Weatherson: Pragmatics and Vagueness Why are true sentences

More information

Symbolization and Truth-Functional Connectives in SL

Symbolization and Truth-Functional Connectives in SL Symbolization and ruth-unctional Connectives in SL ormal vs. natural languages Simple sentences (of English) + sentential connectives (of English) = compound sentences (of English) Binary connectives:

More information

CAS LX 502 Semantics. Meaning as truth conditions. Recall the trick we can do. How do we arrive at truth conditions?

CAS LX 502 Semantics. Meaning as truth conditions. Recall the trick we can do. How do we arrive at truth conditions? CAS LX 502 Semantics 2a. Reference, Comositionality, Logic 2.1-2.3 Meaning as truth conditions! We know the meaning of if we know the conditions under which is true.! conditions under which is true = which

More information

What are meanings? What do linguistic expressions stand for or denote?

What are meanings? What do linguistic expressions stand for or denote? Meaning relations What are meanings? What do linguistic expressions stand for or denote? Declarative sentences: To know the meaning of a declarative sentence is to know the situations it is describing

More information

The Language of First-Order Predicate Logic

The Language of First-Order Predicate Logic The Language of First-Order Predicate Logic (Note: First-Order Predicate Logic differs from ordinary Predicate Logic in that it contains individual variables and quantifiers. The designation first-order

More information

Peirce's Remarkable Rules of Inference

Peirce's Remarkable Rules of Inference Peirce's Remarkable Rules of Inference John F. Sowa Abstract. The rules of inference that Peirce invented for existential graphs are the simplest, most elegant, and most powerful rules ever proposed for

More information

Articulating Medieval Logic, by Terence Parsons. Oxford: Oxford University Press,

Articulating Medieval Logic, by Terence Parsons. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Articulating Medieval Logic, by Terence Parsons. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xiii + 331. H/b 50.00. This is a very exciting book that makes some bold claims about the power of medieval logic.

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL REASONING. Worksheet 3. Sets and Logics

INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL REASONING. Worksheet 3. Sets and Logics INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICAL REASONING 1 Key Ideas Worksheet 3 Sets and Logics This week we are going to explore an interesting dictionary between sets and the logics we introduced to study mathematical

More information

On Meaning. language to establish several definitions. We then examine the theories of meaning

On Meaning. language to establish several definitions. We then examine the theories of meaning Aaron Tuor Philosophy of Language March 17, 2014 On Meaning The general aim of this paper is to evaluate theories of linguistic meaning in terms of their success in accounting for definitions of meaning

More information

Section 3.1 Statements, Negations, and Quantified Statements

Section 3.1 Statements, Negations, and Quantified Statements Section 3.1 Statements, Negations, and Quantified Statements Objectives 1. Identify English sentences that are statements. 2. Express statements using symbols. 3. Form the negation of a statement 4. Express

More information

6.034 Notes: Section 4.1

6.034 Notes: Section 4.1 6.034 Notes: Section 4.1 Slide 4.1.1 What is a logic? A logic is a formal language. And what does that mean? It has a syntax and a semantics, and a way of manipulating expressions in the language. We'll

More information

Formalizing Irony with Doxastic Logic

Formalizing Irony with Doxastic Logic Formalizing Irony with Doxastic Logic WANG ZHONGQUAN National University of Singapore April 22, 2015 1 Introduction Verbal irony is a fundamental rhetoric device in human communication. It is often characterized

More information

Encoders and Decoders: Details and Design Issues

Encoders and Decoders: Details and Design Issues Encoders and Decoders: Details and Design Issues Edward L. Bosworth, Ph.D. TSYS School of Computer Science Columbus State University Columbus, GA 31907 bosworth_edward@colstate.edu Slide 1 of 25 slides

More information

Lecture 24: Motivating Modal Logic, Translating into It

Lecture 24: Motivating Modal Logic, Translating into It Lecture 24: Motivating Modal Logic, Translating into It 1 Goal Today The goal today is to motivate modal logic, a logic that extends propositional logic with two operators (diamond) and (box). We do this

More information

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE This article was downloaded by:[ingenta Content Distribution] On: 24 January 2008 Access Details: [subscription number 768420433] Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered

More information

Ling 130: Formal Semantics. Spring Natural Deduction with Propositional Logic. Introducing. Natural Deduction

Ling 130: Formal Semantics. Spring Natural Deduction with Propositional Logic. Introducing. Natural Deduction Ling 130: Formal Semantics Rules Spring 2018 Outline Rules 1 2 3 Rules What is ND and what s so natural about it? A system of logical proofs in which are freely introduced but discharged under some conditions.

More information

Incommensurability and Partial Reference

Incommensurability and Partial Reference Incommensurability and Partial Reference Daniel P. Flavin Hope College ABSTRACT The idea within the causal theory of reference that names hold (largely) the same reference over time seems to be invalid

More information

Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.

Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. Symposium: On Determinables and Resemblance Author(s): S. Körner and J. Searle Source: Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 33 (1959), pp. 125-158 Published by: Blackwell

More information

TRANSLATIONS IN SENTENTIAL LOGIC

TRANSLATIONS IN SENTENTIAL LOGIC 4 TRANSLATIONS IN SENTENTIAL LOGIC 1. Introduction... 92 2. The Grammar of Sentential Logic; A Review... 93 3. Conjunctions... 94 4. Disguised Conjunctions... 95 5. The Relational Use of And... 96 6. Connective-Uses

More information

Mind Association. Oxford University Press and Mind Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mind.

Mind Association. Oxford University Press and Mind Association are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mind. Mind Association Proper Names Author(s): John R. Searle Source: Mind, New Series, Vol. 67, No. 266 (Apr., 1958), pp. 166-173 Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Mind Association Stable

More information

8. Numerations The existential quantifier Exemplification Overview

8. Numerations The existential quantifier Exemplification Overview 8. Numerations 8.1. The existential quantifier 8.1.0. Overview We will now to turn claims that are more explicitly quantificational than generalizations are. The first sort of claim we will look at is

More information

8. Numerations The existential quantifier Overview

8. Numerations The existential quantifier Overview 8. Numerations 8.1. The existential quantifier 8.1.0. Overview We will now to turn claims that are more explicitly quantificational than generalizations are. The first sort of claim we will look at is

More information

T T T T T F F F F T T T F F T T. which is equiv. to p Aq^ B, which is equiv. to A ^ B.

T T T T T F F F F T T T F F T T. which is equiv. to p Aq^ B, which is equiv. to A ^ B. Last time: An implication is a statement of the form If statement A is true, then statement B is true. An implication A ñ B is false when A is true and B is false, and is true otherwise. his is equivalent

More information

Is Hegel s Logic Logical?

Is Hegel s Logic Logical? Is Hegel s Logic Logical? Sezen Altuğ ABSTRACT This paper is written in order to analyze the differences between formal logic and Hegel s system of logic and to compare them in terms of the trueness, the

More information

MONOTONE AMAZEMENT RICK NOUWEN

MONOTONE AMAZEMENT RICK NOUWEN MONOTONE AMAZEMENT RICK NOUWEN Utrecht Institute for Linguistics OTS Utrecht University rick.nouwen@let.uu.nl 1. Evaluative Adverbs Adverbs like amazingly, surprisingly, remarkably, etc. are derived from

More information

mcs 2015/5/18 1:43 page 15 #23

mcs 2015/5/18 1:43 page 15 #23 1.7 Proof by Cases mcs 2015/5/18 1:43 page 15 #23 Breaking a complicated proof into cases and proving each case separately is a common, useful proof strategy. Here s an amusing example. Let s agree that

More information

Quine s Two Dogmas of Empiricism. By Spencer Livingstone

Quine s Two Dogmas of Empiricism. By Spencer Livingstone Quine s Two Dogmas of Empiricism By Spencer Livingstone An Empiricist? Quine is actually an empiricist Goal of the paper not to refute empiricism through refuting its dogmas Rather, to cleanse empiricism

More information

Lesson 9: Scales. 1. How will reading and notating music aid in the learning of a piece? 2. Why is it important to learn how to read music?

Lesson 9: Scales. 1. How will reading and notating music aid in the learning of a piece? 2. Why is it important to learn how to read music? Plans for Terrance Green for the week of 8/23/2010 (Page 1) 3: Melody Standard M8GM.3, M8GM.4, M8GM.5, M8GM.6 a. Apply standard notation symbols for pitch, rhythm, dynamics, tempo, articulation, and expression.

More information

PHL 317K 1 Fall 2017 Overview of Weeks 1 5

PHL 317K 1 Fall 2017 Overview of Weeks 1 5 PHL 317K 1 Fall 2017 Overview of Weeks 1 5 We officially started the class by discussing the fact/opinion distinction and reviewing some important philosophical tools. A critical look at the fact/opinion

More information

Nissim Francez: Proof-theoretic Semantics College Publications, London, 2015, xx+415 pages

Nissim Francez: Proof-theoretic Semantics College Publications, London, 2015, xx+415 pages BOOK REVIEWS Organon F 23 (4) 2016: 551-560 Nissim Francez: Proof-theoretic Semantics College Publications, London, 2015, xx+415 pages During the second half of the twentieth century, most of logic bifurcated

More information

A Note on Analysis and Circular Definitions

A Note on Analysis and Circular Definitions A Note on Analysis and Circular Definitions Francesco Orilia Department of Philosophy, University of Macerata (Italy) Achille C. Varzi Department of Philosophy, Columbia University, New York (USA) (Published

More information

16B CSS LAYOUT WITH GRID

16B CSS LAYOUT WITH GRID 16B CSS LAYOUT WITH GRID OVERVIEW Grid terminology Grid display type Creating the grid template Naming grid areas Placing grid items Implicit grid behavior Grid spacing and alignment How CSS Grids Work

More information

Topics in Linguistic Theory: Propositional Attitudes

Topics in Linguistic Theory: Propositional Attitudes MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 24.910 Topics in Linguistic Theory: Propositional Attitudes Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

More information

CpE358/CS381. Switching Theory and Logical Design. Class 3

CpE358/CS381. Switching Theory and Logical Design. Class 3 Switching Theor and Logical Design Class 3 Switching Theor and Logical Design Copright 24 Stevens Institute of Technolog -85 Toda Fundamental concepts of digital sstems (Mano Chapter ) Binar codes, number

More information

Intro to Pragmatics (Fox/Menéndez-Benito) 10/12/06. Questions 1

Intro to Pragmatics (Fox/Menéndez-Benito) 10/12/06. Questions 1 Questions 1 0. Questions and pragmatics Why look at questions in a pragmatics class? where there are questions, there are, fortunately, also answers. And a satisfactory theory of interrogatives will have

More information

QUANTIFICATION IN AFRICAN LOGIC. Jonathan M. O. Chimakonam Ph.D Department of Philosophy University of Calabar, Nigeria

QUANTIFICATION IN AFRICAN LOGIC. Jonathan M. O. Chimakonam Ph.D Department of Philosophy University of Calabar, Nigeria Filosofia Theoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religion QUANTIFICATION IN AFRICAN LOGIC 1. Predication Jonathan M. O. Chimakonam Ph.D Department of Philosophy University of Calabar, Nigeria

More information

GRADE FOUR GENERAL MUSIC

GRADE FOUR GENERAL MUSIC GRADE FOUR GENERAL MUSIC Music Theory/Literacy 4.1 The student will read and notate music, including 2. using traditional notation to write melodies containing stepwise motion; Encourage students to write

More information

EE 200 Problem Set 3 Cover Sheet Fall 2015

EE 200 Problem Set 3 Cover Sheet Fall 2015 EE 200 Problem Set 3 Cover Sheet Fall 2015 Last Name (Print): First Name (Print): PSU User ID (e.g. xyz1234): Section: Submission deadline: All work is due by Monday 21 September at 4 pm. Written work

More information

Twentieth Excursus: Reference Magnets and the Grounds of Intentionality

Twentieth Excursus: Reference Magnets and the Grounds of Intentionality Twentieth Excursus: Reference Magnets and the Grounds of Intentionality David J. Chalmers A recently popular idea is that especially natural properties and entites serve as reference magnets. Expressions

More information

Formalising arguments

Formalising arguments Formalising arguments Marianne: Hi, I'm Marianne Talbot and this is the first of the videos that supplements the podcasts on formal logic. (Slide 1) This particular video supplements Session 2 of the formal

More information

Reviewed by Max Kölbel, ICREA at Universitat de Barcelona

Reviewed by Max Kölbel, ICREA at Universitat de Barcelona Review of John MacFarlane, Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth and Its Applications, Oxford University Press, 2014, xv + 344 pp., 30.00, ISBN 978-0- 19-968275- 1. Reviewed by Max Kölbel, ICREA at Universitat

More information

/ The Logic of Atomic Sentences. Remember

/ The Logic of Atomic Sentences. Remember 62 / The Logic of Atomic Sentences Remember The deductive system you will be learning is a Fitch-style deductive system, named F. The computer application that assists you in constructing proofs in F is

More information

Music Theory 4 Rhythm Counting Second Chances Music Program

Music Theory 4 Rhythm Counting Second Chances Music Program Counting Eighth Note Triplets and Rests What is a Triplet? Music Theory 4 Rhythm Counting Second Chances Music Program The term triplet refers to a series of three notes that are played in the space of

More information

1/ 19 2/17 3/23 4/23 5/18 Total/100. Please do not write in the spaces above.

1/ 19 2/17 3/23 4/23 5/18 Total/100. Please do not write in the spaces above. 1/ 19 2/17 3/23 4/23 5/18 Total/100 Please do not write in the spaces above. Directions: You have 50 minutes in which to complete this exam. Please make sure that you read through this entire exam before

More information

Rhetorical Questions and Scales

Rhetorical Questions and Scales Rhetorical Questions and Scales Just what do you think constructions are for? Russell Lee-Goldman Department of Linguistics University of California, Berkeley International Conference on Construction Grammar

More information

What is Character? David Braun. University of Rochester. In "Demonstratives", David Kaplan argues that indexicals and other expressions have a

What is Character? David Braun. University of Rochester. In Demonstratives, David Kaplan argues that indexicals and other expressions have a Appeared in Journal of Philosophical Logic 24 (1995), pp. 227-240. What is Character? David Braun University of Rochester In "Demonstratives", David Kaplan argues that indexicals and other expressions

More information

1. PSEUDO-IMPERATIVES IN ENGLISH Characterization.

1. PSEUDO-IMPERATIVES IN ENGLISH Characterization. Pseudo-imperatives: A Case Study in the Ascription of Discourse Relations Michael Franke Universiteit van Amsterdam, ILLC 28 th Annual Meeting DGfS Bielefeld, 23.2.2006 1.1. Characterization. 1. PSEUDO-IMPERATIVES

More information

The Three Elements of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, Pathos

The Three Elements of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, Pathos The Three Elements of Persuasion: Ethos, Logos, Pathos One of the three questions on the English Language and Composition Examination will often be a defend, challenge, or qualify question. The first step

More information

Dialogue Protocols for Formal Fallacies

Dialogue Protocols for Formal Fallacies Argumentation (2014) 28:349 369 DOI 10.1007/s10503-014-9324-4 Dialogue Protocols for Formal Fallacies Magdalena Kacprzak Olena Yaskorska Published online: 15 August 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article

More information

CHAPTER I BASIC CONCEPTS

CHAPTER I BASIC CONCEPTS CHAPTER I BASIC CONCEPTS Sets and Numbers. We assume familiarity with the basic notions of set theory, such as the concepts of element of a set, subset of a set, union and intersection of sets, and function

More information

Reply to Stalnaker. Timothy Williamson. In Models and Reality, Robert Stalnaker responds to the tensions discerned in Modal Logic

Reply to Stalnaker. Timothy Williamson. In Models and Reality, Robert Stalnaker responds to the tensions discerned in Modal Logic 1 Reply to Stalnaker Timothy Williamson In Models and Reality, Robert Stalnaker responds to the tensions discerned in Modal Logic as Metaphysics between contingentism in modal metaphysics and the use of

More information

THE CRITIQUE OF FORMAL DECISION ARE DECISION METHODS REALLY METHODS OF DECISION?

THE CRITIQUE OF FORMAL DECISION ARE DECISION METHODS REALLY METHODS OF DECISION? THE CRITIQUE OF FORMAL DECISION ARE DECISION METHODS REALLY METHODS OF DECISION? CONSTANTIN SĂLĂVĂSTRU Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania Chair of Discursive Logic, Argumentation Theory and

More information

First Order Logic. Xiaojin Zhu Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin, Madison. [Based on slides from Burr Settles]

First Order Logic. Xiaojin Zhu Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin, Madison. [Based on slides from Burr Settles] First Order Logic Xiaojin Zhu jerryzhu@cs.wisc.edu Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin, Madison [Based on slides from Burr Settles] slide 1 Problems with propositional logic Consider the

More information

Beliefs under Unawareness

Beliefs under Unawareness Beliefs under Unawareness Jing Li Department of Economics University of Pennsylvania 3718 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104 E-mail: jing.li@econ.upenn.edu October 2007 Abstract I study how choice behavior

More information

`COEN 312 DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN - LECTURE NOTES Concordia University

`COEN 312 DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN - LECTURE NOTES Concordia University `OEN 32 IGITL SYSTEMS ESIGN - LETURE NOTES oncordia University hapter 5: Synchronous Sequential Logic NOTE: For more eamples and detailed description of the material in the lecture notes, please refer

More information

Review Jean Mark Gawron SDSU. March 14, Translation basics (you shouldnt get these things wrong):

Review Jean Mark Gawron SDSU. March 14, Translation basics (you shouldnt get these things wrong): Review 2014 Jean Mark Gawron SDSU March 14, 2016 1 Introduction Translation basics (you shouldnt get these things wrong): 1.1. Proper names translate as constants. NEVER as predicates. Right a. John walks.

More information

Resemblance Nominalism: A Solution to the Problem of Universals. GONZALO RODRIGUEZ-PEREYRA. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Pp. xii, 238.

Resemblance Nominalism: A Solution to the Problem of Universals. GONZALO RODRIGUEZ-PEREYRA. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Pp. xii, 238. The final chapter of the book is devoted to the question of the epistemological status of holistic pragmatism itself. White thinks of it as a thesis, a statement that may have been originally a very generalized

More information

Assignment #9 AMERICAN LIT AND COMP Ms. Kelleher s Class

Assignment #9 AMERICAN LIT AND COMP Ms. Kelleher s Class Assignment #9 AMERICAN LIT AND COMP Ms. Kelleher s Class ACT ONE: A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Hold fast to deams, for if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly. by Langston

More information

Mario Verdicchio. Topic: Art

Mario Verdicchio. Topic: Art GA2010 XIII Generative Art Conference Politecnico di Milano University, Italy Mario Verdicchio Topic: Art Authors: Mario Verdicchio University of Bergamo, Department of Information Technology and Mathematical

More information

AN EXAMPLE FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING AND THE AI PROBLEMS IT RAISES

AN EXAMPLE FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING AND THE AI PROBLEMS IT RAISES AN EXAMPLE FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING AND THE AI PROBLEMS IT RAISES John McCarthy Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 jmc@cs.stanford.edu http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/

More information

Math, Music and Memory: Fall 2014 Section 2.4: Key Signatures and the Circle of Fifths

Math, Music and Memory: Fall 2014 Section 2.4: Key Signatures and the Circle of Fifths Math, Music and Memory: all 201 Section 2.: Key Signatures and the ircle of ifths The ircle of ifths The ircle of ifths is a special musical clock with located at the top. Moving clockwise, each ensuing

More information

Frege: Two Kinds of Meaning

Frege: Two Kinds of Meaning Frege: Two Kinds of Meaning 1. Gottlob Frege (1848-1925): mathematician, logician, and philosopher. He s one of the founders of analytic philosophy, which is the philosophical tradition dominant in English-speaking

More information

9.2 Data Distributions and Outliers

9.2 Data Distributions and Outliers Name Class Date 9.2 Data Distributions and Outliers Essential Question: What statistics are most affected by outliers, and what shapes can data distributions have? Eplore Using Dot Plots to Display Data

More information

Chapter 14. From Randomness to Probability. Probability. Probability (cont.) The Law of Large Numbers. Dealing with Random Phenomena

Chapter 14. From Randomness to Probability. Probability. Probability (cont.) The Law of Large Numbers. Dealing with Random Phenomena Chapter 14 From Randomness to Probability Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Slide 14-1

More information

Grammar Flash Cards 3rd Edition Update Cards UPDATE FILE CONTENTS PRINTING TIPS

Grammar Flash Cards 3rd Edition Update Cards UPDATE FILE CONTENTS PRINTING TIPS Grammar Flash Cards 3rd Edition Update Cards UPDATE FILE CONTENTS Pages 2-9 New cards Pages 10-15 Cards with content revisions Pages 16-19 Cards with minor revisions PRINTING TIPS 1. This file is designed

More information

4-4 Scientific Notation

4-4 Scientific Notation Warm Up Problem of the Day Lesson Presentation Warm Up Order each set of numbers from least to greatest. 2 0 1. 10, 10, 10, 10 10 2, 10 1, 10 0, 10 4 4 1 2 2 2. 8, 8, 8, 8 8 2, 8 0, 8 2, 8 3 3 0 3 6 4

More information

Philosophy 405: Knowledge, Truth and Mathematics Spring Russell Marcus Hamilton College

Philosophy 405: Knowledge, Truth and Mathematics Spring Russell Marcus Hamilton College Philosophy 405: Knowledge, Truth and Mathematics Spring 2014 Russell Marcus Hamilton College Class #4: Aristotle Sample Introductory Material from Marcus and McEvoy, An Historical Introduction to the Philosophy

More information

Self-Consciousness and Knowledge

Self-Consciousness and Knowledge Self-Consciousness and Knowledge Kant argues that the unity of self-consciousness, that is, the unity in virtue of which representations so unified are mine, is the same as the objective unity of apperception,

More information

Lecture 3: Nondeterministic Computation

Lecture 3: Nondeterministic Computation IAS/PCMI Summer Session 2000 Clay Mathematics Undergraduate Program Basic Course on Computational Complexity Lecture 3: Nondeterministic Computation David Mix Barrington and Alexis Maciel July 19, 2000

More information

1 HW1 is due now. 2 HW2 & HW3 are due next Tuesday. 3 We are trying to find space to hold the sections. 4 Our TA (Theo Korzukhin) has an office hour

1 HW1 is due now. 2 HW2 & HW3 are due next Tuesday. 3 We are trying to find space to hold the sections. 4 Our TA (Theo Korzukhin) has an office hour Announcements For 09.13 The Boolean Connectives Negation, Conjunction & Disjunction William Starr 09.13.11 1 HW1 is due now 1.1-4 and 2.8 were due to the Grade Grinder 2.2, 2.6, 2.8 should be submitted

More information

Permutations of the Octagon: An Aesthetic-Mathematical Dialectic

Permutations of the Octagon: An Aesthetic-Mathematical Dialectic Proceedings of Bridges 2015: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture Permutations of the Octagon: An Aesthetic-Mathematical Dialectic James Mai School of Art / Campus Box 5620 Illinois State University

More information

Depictive Structure? I. Introduction

Depictive Structure? I. Introduction 1 Depictive Structure? Abstract: This paper argues against definitions of depiction in terms of the syntactic and semantic properties of symbol systems. In particular, it s argued that John Kulvicki s

More information

Part I: Graph Coloring

Part I: Graph Coloring Part I: Graph Coloring At some point in your childhood, chances are you were given a blank map of the United States, of Africa, of the whole world and you tried to color in each state or each country so

More information

Institut für Philosophie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria. Online publication date: 11 May 2011 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Institut für Philosophie, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria. Online publication date: 11 May 2011 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE This article was downloaded by: [RAMHARTER, E.] On: 11 May 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 937485235] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered

More information

Replies to the Critics

Replies to the Critics Edward N. Zalta 2 Replies to the Critics Edward N. Zalta Center for the Study of Language and Information Stanford University Menzel s Commentary Menzel s commentary is a tightly focused, extended argument

More information

TRUTH AND CIRCULAR DEFINITIONS

TRUTH AND CIRCULAR DEFINITIONS Francesco Orilia Department of Philosophy, University of Cagliari (Italy) Achille C. Varzi Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, Povo/Trento (Italy) Review of Anil Gupta and Nuel Belnap, The

More information

Sequential Circuits: Latches & Flip-Flops

Sequential Circuits: Latches & Flip-Flops Sequential Circuits: Latches & Flip-Flops Overview Storage Elements Latches SR, JK, D, and T Characteristic Tables, Characteristic Equations, Eecution Tables, and State Diagrams Standard Symbols Flip-Flops

More information

Embedded Definite Descriptions: Russellian Analysis and Semantic Puzzles STEVEN T. KUHN. Department of Philosophy. Georgetown University

Embedded Definite Descriptions: Russellian Analysis and Semantic Puzzles STEVEN T. KUHN. Department of Philosophy. Georgetown University Embedded Definite Descriptions: Russellian Analysis and Semantic Puzzles STEVEN T. KUHN Department of Philosophy Georgetown University Washington, DC 20057 USA (1) The man wearing the beret is French.

More information

A Note on Unawareness and Zero Probability

A Note on Unawareness and Zero Probability A Note on Unawareness and Zero Probability Jing Li Department of Economics University of Pennsylvania 3718 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104 E-mail: jing.li@econ.upenn.edu November 2007 Abstract I study

More information

STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALISM IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALISM IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS ERICH H. RECK and MICHAEL P. PRICE STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALISM IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS ABSTRACT. In recent philosophy of mathematics a variety of writers have presented structuralist

More information

National Historian s Program

National Historian s Program CATHOLIC WAR VETERANS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, INC. PO Box 5356 Astoria, NY 11105-5356 703-549-3622 admin@cwv.org TO: Commanders and Historians ALL Echelons FROM: William J. Misnick Sr. - National

More information

The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification. Rebecca Green Michael Panzer OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.

The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification. Rebecca Green Michael Panzer OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification Rebecca Green Michael Panzer OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Outline Graphical representations of classes DDC classes

More information

Robert Pirsig offers a critique of academic writing.

Robert Pirsig offers a critique of academic writing. 1 Robert Pirsig offers a critique of academic writing. Quotes sourced from Robert M Pirsig, who wrote Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance: An inquiry into values. The book was originally written

More information

Irony as Cognitive Deviation

Irony as Cognitive Deviation ICLC 2005@Yonsei Univ., Seoul, Korea Irony as Cognitive Deviation Masashi Okamoto Language and Knowledge Engineering Lab, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo

More information

Deriving the Interpretation of Rhetorical Questions

Deriving the Interpretation of Rhetorical Questions To appear in the proceedings of WCCFL 16 Deriving the Interpretation of Rhetorical Questions CHUNG-HYE HAN University of Pennsylvania 1 Introduction The purpose of this paper is (1) to show that RHETORICAL

More information

Lecture 7. Scope and Anaphora. October 27, 2008 Hana Filip 1

Lecture 7. Scope and Anaphora. October 27, 2008 Hana Filip 1 Lecture 7 Scope and Anaphora October 27, 2008 Hana Filip 1 Today We will discuss ways to express scope ambiguities related to Quantifiers Negation Wh-words (questions words like who, which, what, ) October

More information

Glossary alliteration allusion analogy anaphora anecdote annotation antecedent antimetabole antithesis aphorism appositive archaic diction argument

Glossary alliteration allusion analogy anaphora anecdote annotation antecedent antimetabole antithesis aphorism appositive archaic diction argument Glossary alliteration The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. allusion An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event. analogy

More information

Tropes and the Semantics of Adjectives

Tropes and the Semantics of Adjectives 1 Workshop on Adjectivehood and Nounhood Barcelona, March 24, 2011 Tropes and the Semantics of Adjectives Friederike Moltmann IHPST (Paris1/ENS/CNRS) fmoltmann@univ-paris1.fr 1. Basic properties of tropes

More information

Review of Epistemic Modality

Review of Epistemic Modality Review of Epistemic Modality Malte Willer This is a long-anticipated collection of ten essays on epistemic modality by leading thinkers of the field, edited and introduced by Andy Egan and Brian Weatherson.

More information

IEOR 115: Homework 2. Prof. Ken Goldberg, Fall 2014 Due on Oct 17, Student Name: Student ID: Submitted on:

IEOR 115: Homework 2. Prof. Ken Goldberg, Fall 2014 Due on Oct 17, Student Name: Student ID: Submitted on: IEOR 115: Homework 2 Prof. Ken Goldberg, Fall 2014 Due on Oct 17, 2014 Student Name: Student ID: Submitted on: PROBLEM 1 IEOR 115 (Fall 2014): Homework 2 Problem 1 Consider the following set of requirements

More information

Background to Gottlob Frege

Background to Gottlob Frege Background to Gottlob Frege Gottlob Frege (1848 1925) Life s work: logicism (the reduction of arithmetic to logic). This entailed: Inventing (discovering?) modern logic, including quantification, variables,

More information

Elements of Style. Anders O.F. Hendrickson

Elements of Style. Anders O.F. Hendrickson Elements of Style Anders O.F. Hendrickson Years of elementary school math taught us incorrectly that the answer to a math problem is just a single number, the right answer. It is time to unlearn those

More information

8.5 --Intro to RAA Proofs Practice with Proofs. Today s Lecture 4/20/10

8.5 --Intro to RAA Proofs Practice with Proofs. Today s Lecture 4/20/10 8.5 --Intro to RAA Proofs 9.3 --Practice with Proofs Today s Lecture 4/20/10 Announcements -- Final Exam on May 11 th (now s the time to start studying)! -- Next Tues is the deadline to turn in any late

More information

Modeling Scientific Revolutions: Gärdenfors and Levi on the Nature of Paradigm Shifts

Modeling Scientific Revolutions: Gärdenfors and Levi on the Nature of Paradigm Shifts Lunds Universitet Filosofiska institutionen kurs: FTE704:2 Handledare: Erik Olsson Modeling Scientific Revolutions: Gärdenfors and Levi on the Nature of Paradigm Shifts David Westlund 801231-2453 Contents

More information

Section 6.8 Synthesis of Sequential Logic Page 1 of 8

Section 6.8 Synthesis of Sequential Logic Page 1 of 8 Section 6.8 Synthesis of Sequential Logic Page of 8 6.8 Synthesis of Sequential Logic Steps:. Given a description (usually in words), develop the state diagram. 2. Convert the state diagram to a next-state

More information

Complete the Sentences with Modal Verbs

Complete the Sentences with Modal Verbs 1. Choose one of these modal verbs to complete each of these sentences you use each one more than once if you need to. n t won t a) Pasha try her hardest at school. b) He is so tired, he keep his eyes

More information

CONTINGENCY AND TIME. Gal YEHEZKEL

CONTINGENCY AND TIME. Gal YEHEZKEL CONTINGENCY AND TIME Gal YEHEZKEL ABSTRACT: In this article I offer an explanation of the need for contingent propositions in language. I argue that contingent propositions are required if and only if

More information

AP Music Theory Syllabus

AP Music Theory Syllabus AP Music Theory Syllabus Course Overview This course is designed to provide primary instruction for students in Music Theory as well as develop strong fundamentals of understanding of music equivalent

More information