Poetry & Literary Devices (Tools) Tools Definition Example

Transcription

1 Petry & Literary Devices (Tls) Tls Definitin Example DEVICES A figure f speech in which cnsnants, especially at the beginning f wrds, r stressed syllables, are repeated. A figure f speech in which vwels, especially at the beginning f wrds, r stressed syllables, are repeated. (e.g. The silly, slippery, sad snake, slithered alng the slick snw.) see als Idim A wrd r expressin used in everyday cnversatin but nt in frmal language. secndary/implied meanings suggested by a wrd. Culd be psitive, negative, r neutral Dictinary definitin f a wrd (e.g., Gimme a break!) (i.e. giggle, laugh and cackle synnyms with different cnntatins) a frm f speech characteristic f a gegraphic regin, scial class, r a particular peple a plt device which shifts the stry frm the present t the past; interrupting a scene t narrate an earlier event; usually t illustrate an imprtant pint r t reveal a change in character A literary device in which an authr prvides an indicatin f future events in the plt. It can be a cmment r incident that hints at an event t cme, ften in a negative way. A wrd that has the same spelling and/r a similarity f sund as anther wrd but a different meaning. (e.g., ear, meaning the rgan f hearing, and ear [f crn], meaning the seed-bearing head f a cereal plant). Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 1

2 Tls Definitin Example A literary device in which exaggeratin is used deliberately fr effect r emphasis. (e.g., a fld f tears, piles f mney) A grup f wrds that, thrugh usage, has taken n a special meaning different frm the literal meaning (e.g., Keep yur shirt n! r It s raining cats and dgs.). irny Descriptins and figures f speech used by writers t create vivid mental pictures in the mind f the reader. AKA: a literary device A meaning f wrds in cntext that differs frm, and is ften the ppsite f, their literal meaning. IRONY: when a cntrast is evident between what a character says and what a character actually means I RONY: when the authr shares with the reader infrmatin nt knwn by a character. As a result, the reader becmes aware that a character s actins may be inapprpriate fr the actual circumstances (e.g., metaphrs, similes) A technique f indicating, as thrugh character r plt develpment, an intentin r attitude ppsite t that which is actually r stensibly stated IRONY: when a set f circumstances turns ut differently frm what is expected r cnsidered apprpriate (twist in the stry) A figurative cmparisn in which ne thing is described in terms f anther and the cmparisn is implicit. A cmparisn withut using like r as. The rad was a ribbn f mnlight. The use f a wrd having a sund that suggests its meaning. A cmbinatin f wrds with cntradictry meanings, used deliberately fr effect. Giving human attributes/characteristics t inanimate bjects. (e.g., splash, murmur, buzz, twitter) (e.g., delicius trment, living death) Ex: The Flames licked at the wd befre embracing it with destructive warmth. Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 2

3 Tls Definitin Example see als Hmnym A pun is a play n wrds that are alike r nearly alike in sund, but different in meaning. (Nwadays we tend t gran when we hear ne, but Elizabethan audiences lved puns, and Shakespeare did nt want t disappint them!) A direct cmparisn using like r as. anguage used by a specific grup f peple t set themselves apart frm thers. relative frce with which a sund r syllable is spken. Stressed syllables have mre emphasis placed n them than unstressed syllables. In ral language, the wrds yu chse t stress affects hw a sentence is understd YOLO r selfie (i.e. italicizing r underlining wrds fr emphasis) subtext cmes int play when characters are saying smething abstract r are lying/being sarcastic. What they are saying desn t match with what they mean. a symbl usually has a number f pssible meanings. Can be any image, bject, character, r actin that represents an idea beynd its literal meaning. Using an bject, animate r inanimate, t represent r stand fr smething else. (e.g.: In Lrd f the Rings, the white clthes f the white wizard (Gandalf) represent gdness (he is the gd wizard). ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE A narrative in which the characters and the setting stand fr abstract qualities and ideas. Allegry is related t symblism, but allegry usually makes a ne-t-ne equatin between things; a symbl, n the ther hand, usually has a number f pssible meanings. An entire stry can be an allegry r nly a small anecdte. Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 3

4 Tls Definitin Example aside A brief remark made by a character and intended t be heard by the audience but nt by ther characters. The pervasive md r tne in the stry. It is created by the authr s treatment f landscape and setting. (e.g. glm frebding, jyful etc.) characterizatin Suggestins r hints as t what peple are like by the authr. Characters are revealed by: Dialgue - what ne persn says t anther and hw he/she says it - what ne persn says abut anther. What the authr suggests abut a character. Hw the persn is described. Methd f Characterizatin: authr says wh/what the character is like Methd f Characterizatin: authr shws wh/what the character is like Character : divided up int physical, intellectual, scial, mral and emtinal traits characters peple r entities ne encunters : the character whm the stry revlves arund; the main character : persn r frce wh/which is in cnflict with the prtagnist CHARACTERS: have nly ne r tw apparent qualities that are fcused n CHARACTERS: well-develped, cmplex characters CHARACTERS: remain the same thrughut the whle stry CHARACTERS: underg a permanent change in sme aspect f their persnality r attitude Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 4

5 Tls Definitin Example cmic relief A humrus line r scene is intrduced t relieve sme f the emtinal intensity f a previus scene. Cnflict central surce f tensin and drama that make a stry interesting Types f cnflict: - PERSON vs. : tw characters fighting, family cnflicts, rmantic issues, difficulties with a bully - PERSON vs. : cnflict between a character and a larger grup (ie: a business r institutin) - PERSON vs. : cnflict between an individual and the natural wrld (ie: fighting a hurricane, trnad, r surviving n an island) - PERSON vs. : invlves a character s psychlgical cnflicts with him/herself (ie: vercming alchlism, grieving ver the lss f a lved ne) a stry may have several cnflicts The predminant atmsphere f a wrk as well as the feeling evked by a piece f literature in the reader. the implied r stated lessn f a stry stryline / INTRODUCTION: intrduces the main characters, describes the situatin, establishes the setting and gives necessary backgrund infrmatin : sets the cnflict in mtin. Als called a trigger. sequence f events r incidents f which a stry is cmpsed includes what a character says/thinks as well as what he/she des has a beginning, middle and end : series f events which increase the cnflict until the climax : the turning pint; the mst dramatic part f the stry. cnventinal PLOT LINE: FALLING ACTION: shrt series f events thrugh which the cnflict is reslved; nt all lse ends are always tied up Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 5

6 Tls Definitin Example / CONCLUSION: the end f the stry Pint f view POV The psitin f the narratr in relatin t the stry; The stry is tld frm the perspective f ne f the characters in the stry. Uses I, me, and us. Third Persn - - The stry is tld by a narratr wh is utside the stry. Uses he, she, it, and they. Narratr nly knws the thughts and actins f ne character. Third Persn - The narratr knws the thughts and actins f all characters. Objective the writer tells what happens withut stating mre than can be inferred frm the stry s actin and dialgue. They never disclse anything abut what the characters think r feel; they remain a detached bserver. the use f irny t ridicule an idea, persn, r thing, ften t prvke change; usually mcks human vices r fibles The setting is the time, place and atmsphere in which the stry ccurs. envirnment where the stry takes place (TIME, PLACE and ATMOSPHERE/MOOD) TIME: Time f day, Day f the week, Seasn, Year PLACE: Gegraphical lcatin and rm/area ATMOSPHERE/MOOD: feeling created by dictin used by the authr; ften mimicked by the stry s setting (i.e. frebding, happy, tense, etc.) helps t shape the actin details help reader t make mental images and prvide clarity descriptins are never rnamental; they are a means f telling us smething the thughts the reader imagines the character has as he/she speaks the wrds in a text. Oftentimes, subtext cmes int play when characters are saying smething abstract r are lying/being sarcastic. What they are saying desn t match with what they mean. Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 6

7 Tls Definitin Example a state r cnditin f mental uncertainty r excitement, as in awaiting a decisin r utcme, usually accmpanied by a degree f apprehensin r anxiety a central idea f a stry that has real-life universal applicatin; usually implied rather than directly stated; smetimes in the frm f a shrt phrase r a vs. b (ie: appearance vs. reality, sight vs. blindness); clues are usually fund in the title, symbls, bservatins made by characters, a lessn suggested by the reslutin f a cnflict, etc.; NOT a theme: lve, racism (these are TOPICS) Weak themes: unrequited lve, racism is bad Strnger themes: lve vs. lust, racism as a destructive frce The statement in an essay that cmmunicates the writer s main pint and purpse. The thesis statement appears at the beginning f an essay. It is arguable and written in a very clear, strng manner Tragedy A type f drama f human cnflict which ends in suffering and defeat. Often the main character has a tragic flaw (weakness f character, wrng judgement) which leads t his r her destructin. Smetimes the cnflict is with frces beynd the cntrl f the character (fate, evil in the wrld, destiny, etc.) Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 7

8 mnlgue POETIC DEVICES A type f pem which is spken t a listener. The speaker addresses a specific tpic while the listener unwittingly reveals details abut him/herself. Prse Ordinary writing as distinguished frm verse (petry); smetimes delivered matter-f-factly r with dull expressin quatrain rhyme scheme & iambic pentameter Rhyming cuplet Slilquy snnet A stanza r pem cnsisting f fur lines. Lines 2 and 4 must rhyme while having a similar number f syllables. A rhyming pem has the repetitin f the same r similar sunds f tw r mre wrds, ften at the end f the line. One shrt syllabel fllwed by ne lng ne five sets in a rw. Example: la-lah la-lah la-lah la-lah la-lah In Shakespearean plays, the last tw lines f a scene rhyme, thus called a rhyming cuplet (cuple= tw). A private speech made by a character in a play. It can nly be heard by the audience. Slilquies reveal what the character is like, freshadw the plt, create atmsphere, and give clues abut the realities behind the appearance f events. A lyric pem that cnsists f 14 lines which usually have ne r mre cnventinal rhyme schemes. Tw husehlds, bth alike in dignity, In fair Verna, where we lay ut scene, Frm ancient grudge break t new mutiny, Where civil bld makes civil hands unclean. We went n twards the end, Where the rad was thus a bend. It is similar t thughts that characters have in mvies r n TV. Grade 9 & 10 Academic English Key Terms Sectin 6 - Page 8