Monday Notes (Parts of Speech)

Transcription

1 Mondy Note (Prt of Speech) NOUN. peron, plce, thing, ide. common: begin with lower ce letter (city). proper: begin with cpitl letter (Detroit). poeive: how ownerhip (girl') PRONOUN. tke the plce of noun 0 peronl (1tperon: pronoun hving to do with "me"; 2ndperon: pronoun hving to do with "you"; 3rdperon: pronoun hving to do with everyone ele). ingulr nomintive: I, you, he, he, it. plurl nomintive: we, you, they. ingulr objective: me, you, him, her, it. plurl objective: u, you, them. ingulr poeive: my, your, hi, her, it, mine, your. plurl poeive: our, your, their, our, your, their 0 reflexive (reflect bck to "elf') myelf, yourelf, himelf, herelf, itelf, ourelve, yourelve, themelve. not word: hielf, ourelf, theirelve 0 reltive (trt dependent clue) tht, which, who, whom, whoe 0 interrogtive (k quetion). Which? Whoe? Wht? Whom? Who? 0 demontrtive (demontrte which one). thi, tht, thee, thoe 0 indefinite (don't refer to definite peron or thing). ech, either, neither, few, ome, ll, mot, everl, few, mny, none, one, omeone, no one, everyone, nyone, omebody, nobody, everybody, nybody, more, much, nother, both, ny, other, etc.

2 ADVERB. modifie djective (relly cute), verb (extremely ft), nd other dverb (~ eily). tell How? When? Where? To wht extent?. Not i lwy n dverb. ADJECTIVE. modifie noun (I hve green pen.) nd pronoun (They re hillmy.). tell Which one? How mny? Wht kind?. rticle:, n, the. proper djective: proper noun ued n djective (Americn flg) PREPOSITION. how reltionhip between noun or pronoun nd ome other word in the entence. cro, fter, gint, round, t, before, below, between, by, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, over, ince, through, to, under, until, with, ccording to, becue of, inted of, etc.. We went to chool. We went yp the tir. CONJUNCTION. join word, phre, nd clue 0 coordinting. FANBOYS (for, nd, nor, but, or, yet, o) 0 ubordinting. trt dependent clue (nd therefore mut be followed by ubject nd verb). fter, ince, before, while, becue, lthough, o tht, if, when, whenever,, even though, until, unle, if, etc. 0 correltive. not only/but lo, neither/nor, either/or, both/nd VERB. how ction or help to mke ttement 0 ction. how ction. She wrote note. 0 linking. link two word together. cn be linking: i, be, m, re, w, were, been, being, pper, become, feel, grow, look, remin, eem, mell, ound, ty, tte. Englih i fun. (Englih = fun) The gme i on Sturdy. (ction). The flower mell pretty. (flower = pretty) The dog mell the flower. (ction)

3 . tene helping. "help" n ction verb or linking verb. If verb phre h four verb, the firt three re helping. If it h three verb, the firt two re helping. And o on.. cn be helping: i, be, m. re, w, were, been. being. will. would. cn. could. hll. hould, my, might, mut, hve, h, hd. do, doe, did. ought. We hvebeentkingnote ll dy.(tkingi ction.). Shewill be coldwithoutjcket. ~ i linking.) preent. hppening now (jump, tlk. et. flling. i flling. m flling) pt. hppened previouly (jumped. tlked. te, fell, w flling) future. will hppen in the future (willjump, hll tlk. will be eting) preent perfect. hve or h plu pt prticiple (hvejumped, h tlked. hve been eting. h been flling) pt perfect. hd plu the pt prticiple (hd jumped, hd tlked. hd been eting) future perfect. will hve or hll hve plu pt prticiple (will hve jumped. hll hve tlked, will hve been eting) VERBAL. verb not behvinglike verb gerund. verb ctinglike noun. end in -ing. Reding i fun. (ubj.) I enjoy hopping. (D.O.) Ue pencil for drwing. (D.P.) prticiple. verb cting like djective. end in -ing or -ed (or other pt tene ending). I hve running hoe. Frightened. I rn down the treet. It' n ~ken mle. infinitive. to + verb. cn ct like noun (I like to et), djective (It' the bet plce to et), or dverb (I need pen to write letter)

4 Tuedy Note (Sentence Prt nd Phre) SUBJECT. prt of entence bout which omething i being id. mut be noun, pronoun, gerund, or infinitive. cn never be in prepoitionl phre. There nd here re never the ubject of entence.. The ubject cn be n ''undertood you": Bring me the remote control, plee. (You bring it.) VERB. trnitive: tke direct object (We love Englih.). intrnitive:doenot tke directobject (Pleeit down.). All linking verb re intrnitive. COMPLEMENT. complete the mening of the ubject nd verb 0 direct object. IS noun or pronoun. follow n ction verb. i never in prepoitionl phre. To fmd it, y "ubject," "verb," "wht?". 1 like Englih. "I" "like" "wht?" Englih (direct object) 0 indirect object. IS noun or pronoun. come before direct object. i never in prepoitionl phre. To fmd it, y "ubject," ''verb,'' "direct object," "to or for whom or wht?". He gve me the pper. "He" "gve" "pper" "to whom?" me (indirect object) 0 predicte nomintive. IS noun or pronoun. follow linking verb nd renme ubject. To find it, y "ubject," "linking verb," "wht?". He i nice guy. "He" "i" "wht?" guy (predicte nomintive) 0 predicte djective. i n djective. follow linking verb nd decribe ubject. To find it, y "ubject," "linking verb," "wht?". He i nice. "He" "i" "wht?" nice (predicte djective)

5 APPOSITIVFJAPPOSITIVEPHRASE. nounor pronountht follownd renmenothernoun or pronoun. My on Beck like trin.. Anley, my dughter. love to dnce. OBJECTOFPREPomON. follow prepoition nd tell "wht?". The key i under the rug. "under wht?" rug (object of prepoition). Ifthere' no object, it' not prepo~ition: Plee tnd YR. <.J,Ipi n dverb.) OBJECT OF INFINITIVE. follow infinitive nd tell ''wht?''. I wntto et p~ "to et wht?"pizz(objectof infinitive) OBJECT OF GERUND. followgerundnd t~ll"wht?",. I like eting pizz. "eting wht?" pizz (object of gerund) OBJECT OF PARTICIPLE. follow prticiple nd tell "wht?". Riding hi bike, he truggled up the hill. "riding wht?" bike (object of prticiple) PREPOSmONAL PHRASE. group of word beginning with prepoition nd ending with noun or pronoun. cnct djective(i wnt roomwith view.)or dverb(hihouei on the lke.) GERUND PHRASE. gerund plu it modifier nd object. Writing long ey cn be fun. PARTICIPLE PHRASE. prticiple plu it modifier nd object. Running down the hll he bumped into the principl. INFINITIVE PHRASE. infinitiveplu it modifiernd object. He like to et pepperoni pizz.

6 Wednedy Note.(Clue nd Sentence Type) CLAUSES. Ech clue mut hve ubject nd verb. 0 independent (lo clled min clue). Every entence mut hve t let one independent clue.. The independent clue cn uully tnd lone.. An independent clue doe not trt with reltive pronoun or ubordinting conjunction. 0 dependent (lo clled ubordinte clue). The dependent clue cn never tnd lone.. A dependent clue trt with reltive pronoun or ubordinting conjunction.. dverb 0 uully trt with ubordinting conjunction 0 ct like n dverb 0 We will et when the bell ring. (modifie et) 0 We will et i independent.. djective 0 uully trt with reltive pronoun 0 ctlike n djective 0 She like the guy who it in front of her. (modifie guy) 0 She like the guy i independent.. noun uully trt with reltive pronoun ct like noun I hope tht you undertnd the exmple. (ct direct object) 0 I hopei independent. SENTENCE TYPES. imple entence = one independent clue. compound entence = two or moreindependentclue. complex entence = one independent clue + one or more dependent clue.. compound-complex entence = two or more independent clue + one or more dependentclue

7 Thurdy Note (Punctution nd Cpitliztion) CAPITALIZATION. Cpitlize proper noun nd proper djective.. Cpitlize the firt word of ech entence. SEMICOLON. join two clue without coordinting conjunction 0 He like pple; he like ornge. 0 He goe to Hrvrd; however, he goe to Yle.. cn be ued in erie with comm for clrity, 0 We went to London, Englnd; Pri, Frnce; Mdrid, Spin; nd Rome, Itly. APOSTROPHE. Ue potrophe to mke word poeive nd to mke contrction.. Don't ue potrophe to mke word plurl.. Poeive pronoun don't ue potrophe. (her, it, our, your~etc.). Be ure you hve rel word before your potrophe:' children' toy~not children' toy.. If the word i plurl nd end in, dd potrophe only: dog' owner.. Tret ingulr noun ending in jut like ny other ingulr noun: bo', Brotu'. UNDERLININGIITALICIZING. Underlining nd itlicizing re the me thing.. Underline or itlicize title of long thing: newpper, mgzine, CD, movie, novel, ply, muicl compoition, etc.'. Underline or itlicize nme of hip, plne, trin, nd rtwork.. Underline or itlicize foreign expreion. QUOTATION MARKS. Quote title of hort thing: hort torie, poem, ong, rticle~epiode of TV how, etc.. Quotediloguendword copiedfromother ource... Comm nd period tht follow quoted word lwy go inide cloing quottion mrk. (I id, "Go home."). Colon nd emicolon tht follow quoted word lwy go outide cloing quottion mrk. (We're "mend:; we don't dte.). Ue ingle quottion mrk only to encloe quote within quote.. Ue double quottion mrk in ll other itution. (He' rel "tem plyer.") COMMAS (Rule number re ignificnt for reference purpoe only.) 1. dverb dependent due*, independent clue (If it rin, we'll go inide.)

8 2. independent dn~dverb dependent clue (We'll go inide if it rin.) 3. independent clue, cc** independent clue (Joe like pizz, but Fred like tco.) 4. ubject ve~c verb (Joe like pizz but doe not like vegetble.) 5. independent clue; independent clue (Joe like pizz; Fred like tco.) 6. introductory prticipil phre, (Running down the hll, he tripped nd fell.) 7. introductory prepoitionl phre, (After Englih cl, we go to lunch.) 8., noneentil ppoitive, (We red The Gret Gtby, novel, in cl. We red the novel The Gret Gtby in cl.) 9., noneentil djective clue***, (Jne, who drive red cr, i nice. All tudent who kip chool hould be upended.) 10. item, in, erie (plee buy pple, ornge, nd bn9-n. I like the w~ fuzzy blnket.) 11., DODnof direct ddre, (Tom, would you hnd me the phone? Plee don't it there, Sue.) 12. dy of week, month dte, yer, (The bby i expected on Sundy, Februry 27,2000, in Georgi.) 13. city, tte, (We moved to Pechtree City, Georgi, in 1975.) 14. introductory word, (Well, I hope thee rule come in hndy. However, you mut ue them.) 15., interrupter, (Thee rule, I think, will help you if you ue them.) ********** *dverb de.pendent clue = ubordinting conjunction + ubiect + verb commonubordintingconiunction: becue fter ince though whenever if even while if lthough when until o tht before unle **coordinting conjunction = FANBOYS for ~d }!or hut Qr yet O B~~~~ ***diective de.pendent clue = reltive pronoun + ubiect + verb reltive pronoun: tht which who whom whoe

9 Fridy Note (Digrmming) v ~ Skunk I tink Boy I like ~ ~ Iv "'-.p ~ re~~ I Iv ~q;~ ~~ v v lunch v obj ger v -~, ~.. pi... golf ct

10 n = common noun N = proper noun po n = poeive noun pron = peronl pronoun 1 = firt peron 2 = econd peron 3 = third peron nom = nomintive obj = objective po = poeive ref pron = reflexive pronoun rp = reltive pronoun ind pron = indefinite pronoun int pron = interrogtive pronoun dem pron = demontrtive pronoun dj = djective Adj = proper djective rt = rticle v = ction verb Iv = linking verb hv = helping verb pre = preent tene pt = pt tene f = future tene pre perf = preent perfect tene pt perf = pt perfect tene f perf = future perfect tene dv = dverb prep = prepoition cc = coordinting conjunction c = ubordinting conjunction cor conj = correltive conjunction inf = infinitive ger = gerund prt = prticiple AppendixB Howto mrkyourentenee = ubject vt = trnitive verb vi = intrnitive verb do = direct object io = indirect object pn = predicte nomintive p = predicte djective op = object of prepoition dj prep ph = djectiveprepoitionlphre dv prep ph = dverb prepoitionl phre obj ger = object of gerund ger ph = gerund phre obj prt = object of prticiple prt ph = prticiple phre obj inf = object of infinitive inf ph = infmitive phre pp = ppoitive pp ph = ppoitive phre ind cl = independentclue dv dep cl = dverb dependent clue dj dep cl = djectivedependentclue n dep cl = noun dependent clue = imple entence cd = compound entence ex = complex entence cd-cx = compound-complex entence AfA A = inertend punctution = inert comm~ I} ~ ~ emicolon, or colon = ine~ potropheor quottionmrk - = underline/itlicize := - = cpitlize..!.j V

11 compound prt Joe pple ornge Joe Joe Jeff ~ cught threw >-, ; clue (connect independent cluet verb)!!li!ikei I but cience ~ I I like: I mth (connect djective nd dverb dependent clue to wht they decribe) re like we do,, ~~." ~ willet I dinner (noun dependent clue go on pedetl) I