& CbfcL) >9 L -t!:a,o fl (t>tc L) i> J: <

Transcription

1 mm (Lesson 7) (What do you do on Sundays?) Objectives in this lesson are to learn: * adjectives '"ft", "t W', "Di 5'f" & "^tc" * the degree words * verbs in the present tense * the functions of particles "^r" & "hz" * the degree/frequency words "V^O V, "J; "n "i # etc. Mr Koyama is talking to Mr Yokoi. ^-f^o : 0 t>) j; 5 g (XS) fch (tifc) Liftt: fa (^/cb) 5) J: & CbfcL) >9 L -t!:a,o fl (t>tc L) i> J: < LfflS : ^Llfe-r^o Lif$3 : facfrfcl) bfes Kazuo; Yokoi san wa nichiyoubi ni nani o shimasu ka. Shigeo: Watashi wa tokidoki tenisu o shimasu. Sorekara gozenchuu yoku ongaku o kikimasu. Gogo wa itsumo hon o yomimasu. Koyama san mo tenisu o shimasu ka? Kazuo: Watashi wa amari shimasen. Demo, watashi mo yoku ongaku o kikimasu yo. Shigeo: Yoru wa nani o shimasu ka. Kazuo: Yoru wa itsumo shichiji goro ni bangohan o tabemasu. Sorekara terebi o nijikan kurai mimasu. Shigeo: Sou desu ka. Watashi mo mainichi terebi o mimasu. Vocabulary ni o shimasu tokidoki tenisu particle for marking time particle for marking the object to do, Masu Form (Present Tense ( + )) sometimes tennis 121

2 h sorekara then, after that ^/wtp 5) gozenchuu J: < yoku often, well morning, before noon ^0 A/ 'n ongaku music #t^-r kikimasu to listen/to hear/to ask, Masu Form itsumo (Present Tense ( + )) always ^ (f^a/) hon book (noun) yomimasu to read, Masu Form (Present Tense ( + )) shimasen not to do, Masu Form (Present Tense ( )) yoru evening, night If Ay ^ It Ay bangohan dinner ^ (to-^-r tabemasu to eat, Masu Form (Present Tense ( + )) v-u\f terebi television (IC&frAy) nijikan two hours C gurai about, approximately E(^) mimasu to see/to watch, Masu Form (Present Tense ( + mainichi every day Mike and Yumi are talking about their hobbies. (1") ^ Cf) fa (^/cb) ^X^r-^L^i-cto X^r- TcCOL^tS't'teo x % (^v^) b L^i"o fa (^ofeb) fi if^-^i:^b^ ti:^o IA C^/tb) T^(^fc)^-ro fa (^fcl)^$f (f) ^ ^ (^^) (-f) : fa (^>fc b) t-f Ct) fa (^fc L) ltt T / ^4?: ^Lo. _h# (bi 5-f) "^l"^ : 5 ^^ Maiku: Yumi san wa donna supootsu ga suki desu ka. Yumi: Watashi wa sukii ga suki desu. Maiku; Sou desu ka. Watashi mo sukii o shimasu yo. Sukii wa samui desu kedo, tanoshii desune. Tenisu wa shimasu ka. Yumi: Hai, maishuu shimasu. Maiku san mo tenisu o shimasu ka. 122

3 Maiku: lie, watashi wa zenzen shimasen. Watashi wa tenisu ga beta desu. Watashi ga sukina supootsu wa karate desu. Yumi san, ongaku wa nani ga suki desu ka. Yumi; Watashi wa shizukana ongaku ga suki desu. Watashi wa piano o hikimasu. Maiku: Ett, sou desu ka. Jouzu desu ka. Yumi; Uun, maamaa desu ne. Vocabulary ct) (&) L-f^(^) tft / supootsu suki (na) sukii samui tanoshii maishuu zenzen heta (na) shizuka (na) piano hikimasu _h# (1^ J: jouzu (na) maamaa sport like ("na"-adjective) snow-skiing cold (weather) ("i"-adjective) enjoyable ("i"-adjective) every week at all (for a negative expression) not skilfully ("na"-adjective) quiet ("na"-adjective) piano to play a musical instrument, Masu Form (Present Tense( + )) skilfully, to be good at ("na"-adjective) not so good, not so bad 123

4 Grammar 7.1 "i-g Vt "/" > I ("to like" & "to dislike") su ki de su ki ra i de su " F (su) is a "na"-adjective, similar in meaning to "to like" or "to be fond of. Express "to like" or "to dislike" as follows: someone it'x noun M or t eg. I like playing tennis. -r? V-ZAslttbtetcmg-Zir, Natalie likes you. I do not like homework. 7.2 "& t viz?"& if/u" ma a ma a a ma ri so re ho do ze n ze n Degree Words 2 The following are degree words which express the extent of "to like" or "to dislike". "txii" (very much), L" (a little) and (so so) are for positive statements, while ty", (not much) and "-If A/if A/ (not at all) are for negative statements. T eg. I like tennis very much. I like tennis a little. 124

5 Do you like tennis? So so. I don't like tennis much. I don't like tennis at all. 7.3 "IS J: 5fi'Xri-"/"^/c'?f-" jo u zu de su he ta de su (to be good at ;/to be poor at ) Both "_h^ (b i 9"^)"^"^" (to be good at ), and "T# (^/c) (to be poor at ) are "na"-adjectives. eg. tti-r y^-k Is Richard Clayderman good at playing the piano? tev\ Yes, he is. Is he also good at playing the guitar? No, he is not. fe ^ /c ^ t0 r / ^ Are you good at playing the piano, too? No, I'm not that (very) good at it. 125

6 7. 4 Verbs Japanese verbs have three different bases for conjugation. (1) Positive/Negative (2) Present/Past (tense) (3) Polite/Plain (Dictionary Form) This lesson deals with (1) Masu/Masen (Present tense of +/ ) in Polite Forms. For more details of verb conjugation, see 8. 1, p. 147; 11.1, p. 3; and also 14. 2, p. 50 in vol " /" ik'ita;" Polite Forms ma su ma se n The Masu Form (of a verb) is a polite form ( + ) in the present tense. is a polite form ( ) in the present tense. oki-mmm to get up oki-msig not to get up ne-magm to go to bed ne-mgii ia not to go to bed Weekday verbs English Present ( + ) Present ( ) to get up oki-masu oki-masen to wash arai-masu arai-masen to eat tabe-masu tabe-masen to wear ki-masu ki-masen to brush migaki-masu migaki-masen to go iki-masu iki-masen to return kaeri-masu kaeri-masen to come ki-masu ki-masen to study benkyoushi-masu benkyoushi-masen to read yomi-masu yomi-masen to listen kiki-masu kiki-masen to write kaki-masu kaki-masen to use tsukai-masu tsukai-masen to buy kai-masu kai-masen to drink nomi-masu nomi-masen to phone denwashi-masu denwashi-masen to watch mi-masu mi-masen to have a shower shawaa o abi-masu shawaa o abi-masen to make tsukuri-masu tsukuri-masen to go to bed ne-masu ne-masen to do shi-masu shi-masen 126

7 Weekend verbs to play (sport) supootsu o shi-masu supootsu o shi-masen to shop kaimono o shi-masu kaimono o shi-masen to fish sakanatsuri o shi-masu sakanatsuri o shi-masen to cook ryouri o shi-masu ryouri o shi-masen to have a party paatii o shi-masu paatii o shi-masen to wash (clothes) sentaku o shi-masu sentaku o shi-masen to relax kutsurogi-masu kutsurogi-masen to take photos shashin o tori-masu shashin o tori-masen to clean souji o shi-masu souji o shi-masen to drive a car unten o shi-masu unten o shi-masen Object & Particle " & Verbs ("o" Verbs) o A transitive verb takes an object. In Japanese grammar, the object comes before the verb, followed by the particle "^r", an object marker. eg. btcl UitT-U (f IwatchT.V. I play tennis. I read books. My mother reads a newspaper. My father and older brother read magazines. My older sister and I read books. 127

8 Destination & Particle " fc" Hh Verbs ("ni" 4- Verbs) Particle "fc" 1 ni Intransitive verbs of motion such as 'Vc? (iki masu) (go) and (ki masu) (come) require a destination, followed by the particle a destination marker. eg. bfcu I go to school. I come to university. ^ Hii'o I return home. fiv'1 ^ I enter the room. I get on the bus. My mother goes to the supermarket. My father and older brother go to work. My older sister and I go to school. In some cases, (pronounced "e") replaces "i/c". This does not change the meaning. However, "K" and are not always interchangeable. 128

9 7.5 "< ^ ^ McS ''etc. Degree Words 3: Frequency i tsu mo yo ku to ki do ki "V^O^" (always), "j:<" (often) and (sometimes) are for positive statements, while i9" (not often/much), "tbofctz-'tfet/vlf" (not very often) and "if A/if A/ (never), are for negative statements, to show the frequency of a particular action. They are adverbs and come directly after the subject in most cases. (However, their position is flexible.) 100% ( + ) always 80% ct < ( + ) often 50% ( + ) sometimes 30% (-) not often 15% (-) or (-) don't do... very often (rarely do) 0% (-) never eg. bfcl IU3: I myu play tennis. I ft play tennis. mt v-^ts^lt-ito I g m tt!lqi i play tennis. mt I doi'it play tennis^ iry mielh. I ii v r play tennis. 129

10 7. 6 Particle"ft" 2 The particle "hz" also indicates a time and follows definite times such as "A (-5 < ) D" (6 o'clock), "tk (^ <) cj: 5 0 (W (Thursday), (fc^o)" (February) etc. However, general time expressions such as "2b c^" (morning), (afternoon), "2b Lfc" (tomorrow), J; 5" (today), CO o" (yesterday), " >1^ 5" (next week), and (this month) do not require U\L". i< luiab IS I get up nfi 6:00a.m. (>< y 5 0 K 7" U I am going to Brisbane i Thursday. izli/u I am going to Japan am February. Compare these with the following sentences: fafife^7^^"t"o I get up utt 6:00 a.m. (in the morning). %Alt&>cS I read the paper m the mornings. < J: 1/ tf Mr. Tanaka watches T.V. aft 9:00 p.m. (at night). /vfict -St" 1/ tf Mr. Tanaka watches T.V. nft night Particle "V" 1 The particle indicates the place where you do something (action), such as watching T.V., resting and studying. eg. 9 > Tf x 1/I watch T.V. si home. tp I have a rest here. ^ J; 5 I study the library. 130

11 Coffee break iroironairo (colours) R e M It <5 c? V'i'5 aka ao shiro kuro kiiro haiiro midori b ^ shumi (hobbies) Li dokusho karaoke ^9 i 5 ^ ryouri konpyuutaageemu eiga ikebana Xa}n y supootsu (sports) d/vy gorufu 7" ^ tenisu frhx karate f y saafin i sakkaa n f earobikusu suiei v5 a jogingu 131

12 L ^ ^ shuto (Capital cities) i 5 # i 5 fty^y Toukyou Pekin Honkon Kyanbera : Amusuterudamu y hy tty ivy-/ jv i ^y Werinton Kuararunpuuru Shingapooru Taipei Bon Xyn ^ x-f-s.y i T 1 v F y ^ K Jakaruta Bankoku Hoochimin i Burajiria Madoriddo r=-y V 7*J./ T.T-r 1/X i n r Manira Nyuuderii Buenosuairesu i Ranguun Rooma VtriV yyy h y n y KV =i^<y/\ sfy Souru Washinton Rondon i Pari Kopenhaagen /5> -5) <*f 9^0 iroiro na doubutsu (animals) 132

13 Kfc/vV i 9 19 nihon rycmri -TL sushi sob a sukiyaki!9 yakitori I yyl/ts V 0 furansu ryouri esukarugo furansupan #h-7- potofuu X b ty iroiro na kuni no ryouri jchuuka ryouri i harumaki : \ shuumai jsubuta It \ maaboodoufu sn! 19 1 frasc < 19 i 5 ^ ikankoku ryouri purukogi kimuchi 1 namuru * ÿ* * ijr-xhvvt'o <9 ioosutoraria ryouri ; /n ^ Ibaabekyuu y sooseeji ; /\y/< $> \ \hanbaagaa! sarada A > 19 J: 5 ^ iindoneshia ryouri isatee I^K^K gadogado iayamugoren (popular ethnic cuisine) lii. K'W 4? V 7 V 1: 0 V itaria ryouri tyyr pittsa ^/<^r -yv'-i ~ ' supagettii ; h n-t. ; minesutoroone I :7Jf =-\ 1 razaanya ^ V K ^ i 5 ^ indo ryouri JjU karee i-y Inan chapatii <5) ^ <*r C ^ iroiro na tokoro (places) fcv^x t LXfrA; ; daigaku toshokan biichi yama < 5 " 9 \XSx 5 VN>^ vyh 7 > kaisha kuukou byouin i resutoran #o^t^ I ^ y - ^ ^ haisha ginkou kissaten kurinikku /^XTV^ \y /^ v^a basutei tenisukooto I puuru jimu 6 iroiro namise (shops) honya j i hanaya : t ' tokoya. sakaya nikuya i yaoya!sakanaya ; suupaa 133

14 Activities 1. Pair work Pair up and take turns in asking/answering questions about your partner's likes and dislikes of the following items. n t: Name: Things s/he likes Things s/he doesn't like 134

15 2. Group activity Ask your classmates what they like in the following categories, eg. it I K tc^ i>co or <H 5 1^6 i I! i 3. 1 Pair work Pair up and take turns in asking/answering questions about your partner's likes and dislikes of the following, using a degree word. Use the following pattern as a guide and also refer to Coffee break for vocabulary. A; (feft/cfi) (V^) B: A: < 5 or B:!9 or B: ttv\ < 1/^^) (colours); (foods) j i (sports) very so so not very much not at all }f 5 (animals) (Dfy-i^CO (drinks) 135

16 3. 2 Pair work Pair up and find the missing information. One student use table A, and the other, table B. Use the following example as a guide. eg. cii-r A: fofctco) B: mtlt >9 5 A: -fc A ^ 5 (famous people) : T# eg. -e <0 5 <0 dt/uy /<- h i/y/yy h ^H sfvytf y TV -d)v7 v1 3 y -7 7^ryn :fev^^ 0 U y 5 /c i/ay v 5^T^ 7 h -r-f fyiv y >9 B ^ 5 (famous people) i:^, T# eg. -x' ^ i 5 ^ \^)vy h yy-fvy 1 D y% ^^y iiyy tfv-ytf /?y *y 3 y t yyyv y\/< H 1^3 y y tax 9yhf-x -r-f ^ yy 5 /c ^ ^3 ^ >9 *The things in the "being poor at" column are purely fictional and for the purpose of students' drill. 136

17 4. 1 Drill Complete the tables below. Weekday verbs English ( + ) (-) to get up to wash to eat to wear to brush i to go to return to come to study to read to listen to write to use to buy to drink to phone to watch i to have a shower to make o< 19 to go to bed to do Weekend verbs to play (a sport) to shop to fish to cook to have a party to wash (clothes) to relax to take photos to clean to drive a car L/w&t ^! ^ J; 5 ^ 137

18 4. 2 Drill Select one of the illustrations and link it with a suitable verb from the left column. Do not forget to place an object marker, " r", before the verb. (D^-t 1^* li«o. TP U7 a I i NEWS) ki i 1 M\ f w WHW s' O o-. I I I I i"l rvitt^ 138

19 4.3 Drill Select one of the illustrations and link it with a suitable verb from the left column. Do not forget to place a destination marker, before the verb. 1 K/cv^^ < ODD DD/ Ennrn ODD xdd i/x hyy : 5^ rifra 3 7I/ K^ X h v- F ^ ct 5 bo fh' ^ 0 n DJ ix /N % ' -:q:- 139

20 4. 4 Drill In full sentences, describe the actions which would be associated with the followin illustrations. Then, change them to negative forms. 140

21 5. 1 Pair work Pair up and take turns in asking/answering questions based on the statements you have described in 4.4 Drill. You should answer questions with either "fiw or 'V 5. 2 Pair work Further develop the statements you have described in 4.4 Drill, by adding a place word and '"Tr". A: 5. 3 Pair work Pair up and take turns in asking/answering what your partner does/will do on the following days. 1) Tomorrow 4) On a sunny day (T/v 2) On Sundays 5) On New Year's Eve 3) On a rainy day 5. 4 Pair work Pair up and take turns in asking/answering what time your partner usually does the following activities. 1) get up 5) come to university 2) eat breakfast 6) return home 3) have a shower 7) go to bed 4) study 8) watch T.V. 141

22 6. Situation practice Express the following practices in Japanese, with a suitable frequency word as shown in the example. eg. You watch films at least twice a week. (1) You don't like golf so you never play it. (2) You have a Japanese friend and you write a letter to her once every 3 or 4 months. (3) You like Japanese food so you go to Japanese restaurants at least once a month. You even cook some Japanese food two or three times a month. (4) You are not a big fan of classical music, but when you happen to tune in to classical music on the radio, you enjoy it. (5) You use a computer every day but never use a typewriter. 7. Pair work Pair up and take turns in asking/answering the following questions, using an appropriate frequency word. 1) Do you travel often? 2) Do you go to Brisbane sometimes? 3) Do you speak Japanese on campus? 4) Do you cook often? 5) Do you have a party at home sometimes? 142

23 8. Drill Develop the following statements by adding suitable words given below. If necessary, add appropriate particles too. You may need to change the verb endings. Time Wo 9 z:b«^ b^> 5 -fcb Kb^^ Place #o^t^ X-/n- /cv^< ^ bi^^ 5 i/^ hyy h >> K t i^fc-ho^k. Frequency J; < fctaslf 1) ;b/cu3:& 2) J; 5 3) 4) t)tc tf Jt&lt'i'o 5) t)tcutfcx.10tli'o 6) htcufo i 5 ^ ^o<!9 7)