Chapter Seven Language Focus: Vocabulary in Context

Transcription

1 Chapter Seven Language Focus: Vocabulary in Context Directions: Answer the following questions regarding the vocabulary from Chapter Seven using complete sentences. Be sure that your answer explains the reasoning behind your choice. An example has been done for you. Example: How would you characterize someone who always capitulated to other people and their ideas? Someone who always capitulated to others might be described as weak, naïve, or insecure. 1. How would you describe the countenance of a person who has just been an eyewitness to a robbery? 2. If it was just decreed that school would now be held seven days a week, how might you react? 3. Why would you want a solid gold statue, as opposed to one that has been gilded? 2010 Secondary Solutions Animal Farm Literature Guide

2 4. If a rumor about you is pervading the school, what is probably happening? 5. Explain three ways someone could procure a million dollars. 6. Describe a situation in which someone might seek retribution. 7. Would your teacher rather be described as seasoned or old? Be sure to explain your choice Secondary Solutions Animal Farm Literature Guide

3 Chapter Eight Literature Focus: Irony Irony is a literary device in which words are used to express a contradiction between appearance and reality in irony, reality is usually the opposite of what it seems. In literature, there are three types of irony: verbal irony- when the author or a character deliberately says one thing in order to suggest or emphasize the opposite situational irony- a contradiction in what the audience or reader thinks will happen, and what actually happens dramatic irony- a situation in which the audience or reader knows something that the characters do not know In Animal Farm, several instances of verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are used to enhance the reader s understanding and appreciation of the novel. As the plot unfolds, we as the reader are able to see the pigs hypocrisy and manipulation. We are able to see what the other animals do not, and therefore, are able to understand the deeper meaning and the warning that Orwell intended. Directions: First, decide whether the irony is either verbal, dramatic, or situational. Then for each example, explain what is ironic. In other words, now that you have read the majority of the novel, what is contradictory about each of these statements, and what do we now know? 1. In Chapter One, Old Major asks the animals You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year? And what has happened to that milk which should have been breeding up sturdy calves? Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies. And you hens, how many eggs have you laid in this last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. 2. In Chapter Two, Napoleon called for paint to inscribe the Seven Commandments on the wall, which would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after. Snowball, because he was the best at writing, painted out the Commandments Secondary Solutions Animal Farm Literature Guide

4 3. In Chapter Eight, the pigs find a case of whiskey and the following morning Squealer announces that Napoleon is dying. 4. It says, No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets, [Muriel] announced finally. Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so. (Chapter Six) 5. In Chapter Six, Napoleon declares that it was Snowball who destroyed the windmill. 6. The animals now also learned that Snowball had never as many of them had believed hitherto received the order of Animal Hero, First Class. This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. (Chapter Eight) 2010 Secondary Solutions Animal Farm Literature Guide

5 Chapter Eight Language Focus: Types of Sentences As you may already know, there are several types of sentences. A sentence is classified according to its structure, or by how many clauses the sentence contains. A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb. An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence. A dependent or subordinate clause does not have all the words it needs to be a complete sentence. Sentences are made up of these clauses. The type of clauses that are used help to create several types of sentences. A simple sentence has one independent clause. A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses. A complex sentence contains one independent and one subordinate clause. A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses. Directions: Each of the vocabulary words from Chapter 8 have been used in a simple sentence below. On the line provided, improve the sentence to a complex, compound, or compound-complex sentence, as indicated. Be sure to use the simple sentence (although you may add words to it) to construct your sentence, and do not change the part of speech of the vocabulary word. Ex. She offered ice cream as a conciliatory gesture. Compound Sentence: She offered ice cream as a conciliatory gesture, and I was happy to accept! 1. The lamentation was heard throughout many villages. Complex Sentence: 2. He leagued with Tom s team. Compound-Complex Sentence: 2010 Secondary Solutions Animal Farm Literature Guide

6 3. Amber tended to meddle in Kiley s affairs. Complex Sentence: 4. Nancy s retinue made sure she had everything. Compound-Complex Sentence: 5. The dogs were like sentinels at the door. Compound Sentence: 6. The prowler was caught skulking. Complex Sentence: 7. We couldn t believe she actually surmounted her problems this year. Compound Sentence: 2010 Secondary Solutions Animal Farm Literature Guide