Cite. Infer. to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text.

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1 1. 2. Infer to determine the meaning of something by applying background knowledge to evidence found in a text. Cite to quote as evidence for or as justification of an argument or statement Text Evidence details from a passage that support a point that you are making Explicit stated clearly and without room for confusion or doubt

2 5. 6. Implicit hinted at or suggested; not plainly expressed Theme the main idea or underlying message of a story Central idea the main idea or message expressed by a text Convey to communicate a message or information; to make an idea or impression known or understandable.

3 Summary Detail a brief statement or account of the main points of something an individual fact, feature, or item Opinion a view or judgment of something that is not necessarily based on fact or knowledge Judgment a well-thought out decision or conclusion

4 Plot The organized pattern or series of events that make up a story Exposition The beginning of a story when the characters and the setting are introduced Rising Action The portion of the story where the problems increase and build up to the turning point Climax the turning point of a story; the portion of a story where the main character faces the primary conflict and often changes in some way

5 falling action the portion of a story when the loose ends of the story are tied up and the conflicts are resolved resolution the portion of the story that reveals the outcome of the main conflict; the story comes to a reasonable ending Drama a type of story that is acted out or performed for an audience and consists of characters interacting through dialogue, or conversation Character someone or something that plays a role or part in a story.

6 falling action the portion of a story when the loose ends of the story are tied up and the conflicts are resolved resolution REPEATED same as Phrase a small or short group of words acting together as a unit in a sentence Figurative words or phrases that depart from their literal meaning

7 Connotation the feelings associated with a word. These can be positive, negative, or neutral. Analyze to break down into smaller parts to look at carefully to come up with an explanation Impact to have a strong effect upon Tone the author s attitude or feeling toward the subject

8 Mood the feeling the reader gets while reading a story based upon the setting, objects, details, images, and words the author uses in the text. Stanza a group of lines in poetry; a verse Text Structure the way that an informative text is organized Theme REPEATED SAME AS 6.

9 Setting where and when a story takes place Plot Repeated, same as Point Of View the perspective or viewpoint in which a story is told; may be first person, third person limited, or third person omniscient Speaker the voice behind the poem; the narrator of the poem

10 Narrator the person or voice telling a story Compare to tell how two or more things are alike or similar Contrast to tell the differences between two or more things Perceive to come to realize or understand; to look at something in a particular way

11 Genre a category of literature, such as fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama Topic the subject of a text who or what the text is about Highlight to emphasize or point out Illustrate to explain or make clear by using an example, chart, or picture

12 Elaborate to develop or present in detail; to add more detail to what has already been said Anecdote a short account or story about an event or person Contribute to add something in order to give something additional value Authors Purpose the author s reason for writing; these may be to persuade, to inform, to entertain, or to describe

13 Integrate to combine with other ideas Trace to find or discover through investigation Evaluate to form an idea about; to assess the value of something Support to give help or assistance in proving an idea or response is accurate

14 Evidence facts or information that can be used to show that something, such as an idea, is true or valid Memoir an account of someone s life and experiences that is written by that person Subjective Pronouns pronouns that act as the subject of a sentence, or who or what the sentence is about Objective Pronouns a pronoun that refers back to the subject and/ or receives the action of the verb

15 Intensive Pronouns Pronouns that end in self or selves that add emphasis and can be taken out of the sentence Vague uncertain or unclear Context Clues hints in surrounding words or phrases that give suggestions to the meaning of an unfamiliar word Prefix letters added to the beginning of words that alter or change the meaning of the word

16 Root Word a part of a word that comes from another language, such as Greek or Latin, that carries meaning Suffix letters added to the ends of words that change the meaning of the word Personification giving human traits or characteristics to nonhuman objects Hyperbole an over-exaggeration used for emphasis or effect

17 Simile a comparison of two unlike objects using the words like or as Metaphor a comparison of two unlike objects without using the words like or as Cause and Effect A text structure in which the author lists one or more causes or events and the resulting consequences or effects to explain how something happened, exists, or works Alliteration repeating consonant sounds (everything but A, E, I, O, U) at the beginning of words

18 Chronological Sequence Problem and Solution The organization of a text in which the author lists items or events in numerical or chronological order OR describes how to do or make something The organization of a text in which the author states a problem and offers possible solutions; may include pros and cons Compare and Contrast Description The organization of a text in which the author explains how two or more things are alike and how they are different The organization of a text in which the author explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing characteristics, facts, or examples

19 Claim to say that something is true Antonym two or more words that have opposite meanings Synonyms two or more words that have the same or similar meaning stance The position or way of thinking that is taken on an issue or topic

20 Word Choice Omission also referred to as diction; the writer s specific choice of words for meaning, tone, audience, or connotation leaving out details or information intentionally or on purpose Inclusion Adding or including details or information intentionally for a specific purpose Synthesize to combine multiple things or ideas together to make a new point

21 Credibility the quality of being believable or trustworthy fact a piece of information that is certifiably true Valid a point that has a strong foundation in fact; reasonable Objective based in fact and not influenced by personal feelings or opinions

22 Perspective Presentation a point of view or attitude toward something the way in which an author shows, describes, or explains something to readers Conclude to come to a judgment or opinion by looking at the facts and coming to a reasonable conclusion Dialogue conversations between characters

23 Significant Significance important or importance Develop to create over a period of time

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