INFINITIVES, GERUNDS & PRESENT PARTICIPLES

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "INFINITIVES, GERUNDS & PRESENT PARTICIPLES"

Transcription

1 INFINITIVES, GERUNDS & PRESENT PARTICIPLES Infinitives Form Infinitive Active to see I hope to see you again. He promised not to see the picture. Passive to be seen Such disgusting scenes are not to be seen here. Form - The infinitive is the form of the verb NOT changed for person, number or tense. It is usually introduced with to. - The negative is formed by putting not before the infinitive. Usage The to-infinitive is used 1. as subject. To find fault is easy. 2. as object. He refused to pay the bill. 3. after a noun. There is a lot of work to do/to be done today. 4. after an adjective. She was happy to win the prize. 5. after a question word. I don t know what to do. 6. after the verb to be. She is to see her class teacher after school. 7. after certain verbs. He wants to become a lawyer. 8. after too/enough constructions. He has got enough money to live on. 9. with only to express disappointment. She came in only to find her boyfriend had left. 10. in expressions: to begin with/be To tell the truth, I don t like him. honest Bare infinitives Form - The infinitive is used without to after certain verbs. 1

2 Usage The bare infinitive is used 1. after the verbs do, does and did. He did not write down the answer. 2. after modal verbs-can,could,should,will You can leave now if you want. 3. after perception verbs-see,hear,smell,feel.. I saw Tom run out of the bank. 4. after let and make. (passive + to-infinitive) They made him pay for the damage. He was made to pay for the damage. 5. after would rather, had better. I would rather not go out tonight. I had better stay at home. 6. after except,cannot but, can do nothing but. We could do nothing except/ but wait. Gerunds Form Gerunds Active seeing Seeing is not believing. Passive being seen She does not mind being seen to work in the restaurant. Form - The gerund is a verb ending in - ing. It acts as a noun. - The negative is formed by adding not before the gerund. Usage The gerund is used 1. as a noun subject/ object. Reading is fun. Your car needs washing. 2. after prepositions. The child is fond of playing chess. 3. after certain verbs: spend, waste, avoid He spends his free time digging the garden. 2

3 4. after possessive adjectives/ noun+ s. Do you mind my joining you on the trip? 5. after go + verb ing (activities) Let s go shopping/ swimming/ camping. 6. after be busy/ worth. He is busy doing exercise. It is worth seeing. 7. after certain phrases: I look forward to seeing you soon. look forward to/ devoted to/ objected to/ I am not used to going to bed late. consent to/ used to/ accustomed to He objected to pulling down the old house. 8. after certain expressions: It s no use/good There s no/no point in.. It s a waste of time/money have difficulty(in) /can t help as/ like/ than It is no use crying over spilt milk. There is no joking about this matter. It is a waste of time playing online games. I can t help laughing. It was like being in the desert - so quiet! Verb + to-infinitive or ing? Usage 1. The to-infinitive and the gerund are used after certain verbs. The to-infinitive is used after certain The gerund is used after certain verbs: verbs: afford, agree, appear, ask, attempt, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, consider, delay, discuss, enjoy, escape, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, refuse, seem, threaten, want, wish involve, keep mention, mind, miss, object to, practice, prevent, postpone, quit, recall, e.g. He offered to help us. report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, suggest, tolerate e.g. We should avoid making mistakes. 2. Either the to-infinitive or gerund can be used after certain verbs with no difference in meaning. 3

4 advise, allow, begin, bother, can t bear, continue, encourage, hate, intend, like, love, permit, prefer, propose, recommend, require, start... e.g. We started to do/ doing our summer homework. 3. Verbs taking to-infinitives or gerunds have a change in meaning. Verbs taking to-infinitives Verbs taking gerunds 1. forget: forget to do sth 1. forget: forget a past event e.g. I m sorry, I forgot to lock the car. e.g. We ll never forget visiting Paris. 2. remember: remember to do sth 2. remember: recall a past event e.g. Remember to read the instructions. e.g. I don t remember meeting Ali before. 3. mean: intend to 3. mean: involve e.g. He means to move to New York. e.g. Love means sharing. 4. try: do one s best; attempt e.g. She tried hard to cope with her job. 5. stop: pause temporarily e.g. He stopped to buy a gift on his way. 6. regret: be sorry to e.g. I regret to tell you that you ve failed. 7. be sorry: feel sad e.g. I m sorry to hear the bad news. 8. hate: hate what one is about to do e.g. I hate to interrupt, but I must do so. 4. try: do sth as an experiment e.g. Try adding more sauce to your pasta. 5. stop: finish; cease e.g. Stop talking to each other, please! 6. regret: feel sorry for what we ve done e.g. I regret telling lies. 7. be sorry for: apologise e.g. I m sorry for being late. 8. hate: feel sorry for what one is doing e.g. I hate making you feel uncomfortable. 9. be afraid: too frightened to do sth e.g. I m afraid to walk over that bridge. 9. be afraid of: afraid that sth may happen e.g. She is afraid of being too fat. 4

5 10. would prefer/love/like: specific preference e.g. I d prefer/like to see the manager. 11. want/need: wish/ have to e.g. I want/need to find a better job. 12. go: action e.g. He went to see his sick grandparents. 10. prefer/love/like: in general e.g. I prefer/love watching TV. 11. want/ need: sth needs to be done e.g. Your dress wants/needs cleaning. 12. go: for activities e.g. We often go shopping/ hiking. Present Participles Formation The present participle is formed by adding the ending "--ing" to the infinitive (dropping any silent "e" at the end of the infinitive): to sing --> singing to take --> taking to bake --> baking to be --> being to have --> having A. The present participle may often function as an adjective: That's an interesting book. That tree is a weeping willow. B. The present participle can be used as a noun denoting an activity (this form is also called a gerund): Swimming is good exercise. Traveling is fun. C. The present participle can indicate an action that is taking place, although it 5

6 cannot stand by itself as a verb. In these cases it generally modifies a noun (or pronoun), an adverb, or a past participle: Thinking myself lost, I gave up all hope. Washing clothes is not my idea of a job. Looking ahead is important. D. The present participle may be used with "while" or "by" to express an idea of simultaneity ("while") or causality ("by") : He finished dinner while watching television. By using a dictionary he could find all the words. While speaking on the phone, she doodled. By calling the police you saved my life! E. The present participle of the auxiliary "have" may be used with the past participle to describe a past condition resulting in another action: Having spent all his money, he returned home. Having told herself that she would be too late, she accelerated. Q. Replace the Gerunds with Infinitives and Vice versa / Use Use Gerunds / Infinitives. 1. David grew up considering blindness no tragedy. Ans. Day grew up to consider blindness no tragedy. 2. I found what I loved to do early in life. Ans. I found what I loved doing early in life. 3. But something slowly began to dawn on me. Ans. But something slowly began dawning on me. 4. The only way to do great work is to love what you do. Ans. The only way to do great work is by loving what you do. 5. My father refused to use the jeep to commute to the office. Ans. My father refused using the jeep to commute to the office. 6. My mother began developing a cataract in her eyes when I was small. Ans. My mother began to develop a cataract in her eyes when I was small. 6

7 7. Other than reading out the newspaper to my mother, I had no clue about how I could be a part of the action. Ans. Other than to read out the newspaper to my mother, I had no clue about I could be a part of the action. 8. A vision with which I continue to see the world. Ans. A vision with which I continue seeing the world. 9. There were a few things that my mother wanted me to help out with. Ans. There were a few things that my mother wanted me helping out with. 10. Making omlettes and rolling out chappatis became my special duties. Ans. To make omlettes and to roll out chappatis became my special duties. 11. In India there are always other people to do all that for you. Ans. In India there are always other people doing all that for you. 12. My parents preferred to patronize just one store. Ans. My parents preferred patronizing just one store. 13. I tried arguing. Ans. I tried to argue. 14. It's harder and harder to find full-time help these days. Ans. It's harder and harder finding full-time help these days. 15. He loves to laugh. Ans. He loves laughing. 16. Freed now from the burden of bringing up children, my father has dispensed with his rigid, cold facade. Ans. Freed now from the burden to bring up children, my father has dispensed with his rigid, cold facade. 17. As a symbol of the bush, clean air, freedom, getting out and doing things, it could quite possibly inspire the apathetic residents. Ans. As a symbol of the bush, clean air, freedom, to get out and to do things, it could quite possibly inspire the apathetic residents. 18. The two council continued to work at unflagging speed. Ans. The town council continued working at unflagging speed. 19. With great difficulty she managed to have an audience with him Ans. With great difficulty she managed in having an audience with him. 7

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 1.GERUNDS As a subject. Swimming is a good sport. As an object after certain verbs. Have you finished working? After prepositions and phrasal verbs. Before leaving home, she checked

More information

VERB PATTERNS. Verb + Ving (avoid speaking) Verb + to inf (learn to speak) Verb + inf (I would rather speak)

VERB PATTERNS. Verb + Ving (avoid speaking) Verb + to inf (learn to speak) Verb + inf (I would rather speak) VERB PATTERNS Verb + Ving (avoid speaking) Verb + to inf (learn to speak) Verb + inf (I would rather speak) GERUND, present participle or ing form Use Ving: As the subject of a sentence Smoking is bad

More information

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. original English, defines grammar as the following: Grammar is the rules that

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. original English, defines grammar as the following: Grammar is the rules that 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Gerund Michael Swan (2005:19), a linguist who is more likely to pay attention to the original English, defines grammar as the following: Grammar is the

More information

GERUND & INFINITIVE. Compiled by: Catharina Awang Wara Kinanthi S.Pd.

GERUND & INFINITIVE. Compiled by: Catharina Awang Wara Kinanthi S.Pd. GERUND & INFINITIVE Compiled by: Catharina Awang Wara Kinanthi S.Pd. A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject,

More information

What Clauses. Compare the following sentences. We gave them some home-made ice cream. What we gave them was some home-made ice cream.

What Clauses. Compare the following sentences. We gave them some home-made ice cream. What we gave them was some home-made ice cream. What Clauses What clauses is a part of a noun clause. It is used as a subject or an object of the sentence. For example: What he said was interesting. What he said is a noun clause. It is used as the subject

More information

LIKE, LOVE, HATE +ING

LIKE, LOVE, HATE +ING LIKE, LOVE, HATE +ING Ex.1. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets: 1. I like (go) out with friends. 2. She doesn t like (play) any sport. 3. He hates (cook). 4. She loves (swim). 5. I like (dance).

More information

- Verbs followed by -ing, or a noun, or a that-clause Some verbs can be followed either by another verb in an -ing form, or a noun, or a thatclause.

- Verbs followed by -ing, or a noun, or a that-clause Some verbs can be followed either by another verb in an -ing form, or a noun, or a thatclause. Verbs followed by ing or infinitive Adapted from First Certificate Language Practice by Michael Vince Explanations Verbs followed by -ing or a noun Some verbs can be followed either by another verb in

More information

They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.) They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.) They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed) Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Purdue

More information

Unit 3 Gerund, Participle, Infinitive

Unit 3 Gerund, Participle, Infinitive English Two Unit 3 Gerund, Participle, Infinitive Objectives After the completion of this unit, you would be able to explain the uses and functions of non-finite verbs. use non-finite verbs for communication.

More information

Functions of a Gerund

Functions of a Gerund Verbals Functions of a Gerund A gerund is a verb form that acts as a noun. Example: Baking is something she loves to do. Baking is a gerund; it is a form of the verb to bake. In the example baking is used

More information

Quiz 4 Practice. I. Writing Narrative Essay. Write a few sentences to accurately answer these questions.

Quiz 4 Practice. I. Writing Narrative Essay. Write a few sentences to accurately answer these questions. Writing 6 Name: Quiz 4 Practice I. Writing Narrative Essay. Write a few sentences to accurately answer these questions. 1. What is the goal of a narrative essay? 2. What makes a good topic? (What helps

More information

CHUYÊN ðề 3: NON FINITE VERBS

CHUYÊN ðề 3: NON FINITE VERBS CHUYÊN ðề 3: NON FINITE VERBS GV hướng dẫn: Thầy ðặng Thanh Tâm Question 1: Put them in the right column. ( Phần này các em xem lý thuyết ñể kiểm tra lại) - enjoy want avoid it s no use / good can t help

More information

Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles

Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and

More information

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech Direct and Indirect Speech There are two main ways of reporting people s words, thoughts, beliefs etc. Direct speech We can give the exact words that were said. This kind of reporting is called direct

More information

Grammar reference and practice. LOUISE HASHEMI and BARBARA THOMAS

Grammar reference and practice. LOUISE HASHEMI and BARBARA THOMAS Grammar reference and practice LOUISE HASHEMI and BARBARA THOMAS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 RP, United Kingdom

More information

GRAMMAR APPENDIX GRAMMAR APPENDIX GRAMMAR APPENDIX

GRAMMAR APPENDIX GRAMMAR APPENDIX GRAMMAR APPENDIX Grammar Appendix Present Simple and Continuous PRESENT SIMPLE bare infinitive (-s / -es) (-) do / does + not + bare infinitive (?) Do / Does + subject + bare infinitive PRESENT CONTINUOUS am / is / are

More information

4-1. Gerunds and Infinitives

4-1. Gerunds and Infinitives 4-1. Gerunds and Infinitives 1. Which of these is a gerund? to play playing 2. Which of these is an infinitive? to play playing 3. How do you make a gerund? 4. How do you make an infinitive? a. Sports

More information

GERUNDS INFINITIVES GRADE X. Compiled by : Aquilina Yunita, S.Pd

GERUNDS INFINITIVES GRADE X. Compiled by : Aquilina Yunita, S.Pd GERUNDS INFINITIVES GRADE X Compiled by : Aquilina Yunita, S.Pd 1 gerund Gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the

More information

Curtis & Kevin. before gerunds

Curtis & Kevin. before gerunds Grammar Sauce 2: Gerunds Curtis & Kevin before gerunds Grammar Sauce 2: What to expect... A basic explanation of gerunds Tips for teaching grammar through action Tips for setting up class activities for

More information

Level 1 Lesson 8 EDIFY CAMBODIA. EDIFY CAMBODIA LEVEL 1 LESSON 8 Page 1

Level 1 Lesson 8 EDIFY CAMBODIA. EDIFY CAMBODIA LEVEL 1 LESSON 8 Page 1 Level 1 Lesson 8 EDIFY CAMBODIA EDIFY CAMBODIA LEVEL 1 LESSON 8 Page 1 LEVEL 1: LESSON 8 8.1 Gerunds and Infinitives 1) A gerund is a verb in its -ing form, used as a noun. For example, verbs like eating,

More information

FOURTH YEAR WEB SAMPLE 2017

FOURTH YEAR WEB SAMPLE 2017 ASOCIACIÓN EX ALUMNOS DEL PROFESORADO EN LENGUAS VIVAS JUAN RAMÓN FERNÁNDEZ FOURTH YEAR WEB SAMPLE 2017 A B C D E F Total A. Rewrite these sentences without altering their meaning: (10) 1. We re going

More information

Lesson 12: Infinitive or -ING Game Show (Part 1) Round 1: Verbs about feelings, desires, and plans

Lesson 12: Infinitive or -ING Game Show (Part 1) Round 1: Verbs about feelings, desires, and plans Lesson 12: Infinitive or -ING Game Show (Part 1) When you construct a sentence, it can get confusing when there is more than one verb. What form does the second verb take? Today's and tomorrow's lessons

More information

9 Guests are allowed to wear casual dress. 11 There's a possibility that the show will be cancelled think that Andrew will collect the money.

9 Guests are allowed to wear casual dress. 11 There's a possibility that the show will be cancelled think that Andrew will collect the money. Modals 8 Is it all right if I use your phone? 9 Guests are allowed to wear casual dress. 10 Maybe she'll move to London. 11 There's a possibility that the show will be cancelled. 12 Maybe she'll be elected.

More information

A is going usually B is usually going C usually goes D goes usually

A is going usually B is usually going C usually goes D goes usually This guide is to help you decide which units you need to study. The sentences in the guide are grouped together (Present and past, Articles and nouns etc.) in the same way as the units in the Contents

More information

FCE (B2): REPHRASING 50 PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR THE CAMBRIDGE FIRST CERTIFICATE EXAM

FCE (B2): REPHRASING  50 PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR THE CAMBRIDGE FIRST CERTIFICATE EXAM WWW.INTERCAMBIOIDIOMASONLINE.COM FCE (B2): REPHRASING 50 PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR THE CAMBRIDGE FIRST CERTIFICATE EXAM WWW.INTERCAMBIOIDIOMASONLINE.COM Marc Andrew Huckle Rephrasing (transformation) types

More information

Unit Grammar Item Page

Unit Grammar Item Page Table of Contents P.5 Unit Grammar Item Page 2 3 Adverbs of manner should/shouldn t Prepositions Pronouns: object pronouns, each other, one another Prepositions of description Relative pronoun: who 8 2

More information

PRESENT TENSES. PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT and PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT TENSES. PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT and PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSES PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT and PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS page/simplepresent.html PRESENT SIMPLE 1. FORM: + [verb] + s/es (3 rd person singular) You speak English.

More information

Weekly Homework A LEVEL

Weekly Homework A LEVEL Weekly Homework SUBJECT: ENGLISH STAGE: PREP 2 A LEVEL Tense Present simple Past simple Present cont. Passive am/is/are+ p.p was/were + p.p am/is/are + being + p.p Examples -He writes the reports every

More information

Reported (Indirect) Speech: Discovering the rules from Practical English Usage

Reported (Indirect) Speech: Discovering the rules from Practical English Usage Reported () Speech: Discovering the rules from Practical English Usage First, do Discovering the Rules. Then, read the explanations. You can find the explanations from Practical English Usage below this

More information

PJJ Programme 1 ST FACE TO FACE SESSION. Date: 25 February 2017

PJJ Programme 1 ST FACE TO FACE SESSION. Date: 25 February 2017 PJJ Programme 1 ST FACE TO FACE SESSION Date: 25 February 2017 Name: Mr. Jackson Wong Kok Ming Email: jacksonwong@upm.edu.my correct pronunciation, appropriate stress and intonation skills, speaking skills,

More information

Say Sorry. Tiny Conversations. 1. Say Sorry Read the dialogue, and practice with a partner.

Say Sorry. Tiny Conversations. 1. Say Sorry Read the dialogue, and practice with a partner. Say Sorry. Say Sorry Read the dialogue, and practice with a partner. A: Sorry I didn't call last night. B: That's okay. A: I got busy cleaning the house. B: That's understandable. You had a busy week.

More information

2. MODALS. must, may, might, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modals function

2. MODALS. must, may, might, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modals function 2. MODALS 2.1 The Definition of Modals Gaudart says that modals are small words which come before the verb. They carry different meanings in different situation. The modals are can, could, must, may, might,

More information

PRESENT TENSES. PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT and PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT TENSES. PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT and PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSES PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT and PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE 1. FORM: + [verb] + s/es (3 rd person singular) You speak English. - don't / doesn't + [verb]

More information

- ENGLISH TEST - INTERMEDIATE 100 QUESTIONS / KEYS

- ENGLISH TEST - INTERMEDIATE 100 QUESTIONS / KEYS Exercise 1: Tick (P) the suitable answer. - ENGLISH TEST - 1. Wait a minute. I'm finishing an important letter. A finish B R 'm finishing C will finish 2. Children's books are in the other part of this

More information

Adverb Clauses. Week 7, Mon 10/5/15 Todd Windisch, Fall 2015

Adverb Clauses. Week 7, Mon 10/5/15 Todd Windisch, Fall 2015 Adverb Clauses Week 7, Mon 10/5/15 Todd Windisch, Fall 2015 Today s Agenda Discuss / Collect homework Any questions about adjective clauses? Identifying/non-identifying Editing for mistakes Combining sentences

More information

to + the simple form of the verb to see to read Verb + ing = Gerund read- reading Verbs Followed by Gerunds I enjoy reading.

to + the simple form of the verb to see to read Verb + ing = Gerund read- reading Verbs Followed by Gerunds I enjoy reading. G E R U N D S I N F I N I T I V E S Verb + ing = Gerund read- reading Gerunds act as nouns - Swimming has always been her favorite hobby. - Reading is her strength. Verbs Followed by Gerunds I enjoy reading.

More information

Gerunds: Subject and Object Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão

Gerunds: Subject and Object Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão Gerunds: Subject and Object Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão Running for Office 1 Voting is an important responsibility. Let s discuss improving our schools. I will keep fighting for a new hospital. Running

More information

Dynamic vs. Stative Verbs. Stative verbs deal with. Emotions, feelings, e.g.: adore

Dynamic vs. Stative Verbs. Stative verbs deal with. Emotions, feelings, e.g.: adore Dynamic vs. Stative Verbs Most verbs are dynamic : they describe an action: E.g. to study, to make I ve been studying for hours I m making a delicious cake. Some verbs are stative : they describe a state

More information

Commonly Misspelled Words

Commonly Misspelled Words Commonly Misspelled Words Some words look or sound alike, and it s easy to become confused about which one to use. Here is a list of the most common of these confusing word pairs: Accept, Except Accept

More information

Language at work Present simple

Language at work Present simple Unit 1 Language at work Present simple Present simple Positive: Add -s or -es after the verb with he / she / it. I / you / we / they specialize in Latin American music. He / She / It specializes in high-tech

More information

Word Word Class English Meaning audience noun people who are watching.

Word Word Class English Meaning audience noun people who are watching. 1- Word List Word Word Class English Meaning audience noun people who are watching. expenses noun all the money you spend. fanfare noun a loud sound of trumpets. disappointment noun the feeling of being

More information

Tanuló neve és osztálya: Tanára: Elért eredménye: Írásbeli: / 60 Szóbeli: /40 Összes: /100

Tanuló neve és osztálya: Tanára: Elért eredménye: Írásbeli: / 60 Szóbeli: /40 Összes: /100 SZAKASZVIZSGA ANGOL NYELV A CSOPORT 2009/2010. Tanuló neve és osztálya: Tanára: Elért eredménye: Írásbeli: / 60 Szóbeli: /40 Összes: /100 Végső osztályzata: 1. Write questions for these answers. / 5 a.?

More information

Contents. sample. Unit Page Enrichment. 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive...

Contents. sample. Unit Page Enrichment. 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive... Contents 6A Unit Page Enrichment 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will... 2 38 2 Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive... 6 * 4 Conjunctions(1): so that, because... 8 * 5 Relative Pronouns...

More information

Unit Topic and Functions Language Skills Text types 1 Found Describing photos and

Unit Topic and Functions Language Skills Text types 1 Found Describing photos and Mòdul 5A Unit Topic and Functions Language Skills Text types 1 Found Describing photos and Photos hobbies Talk about photos and describe who and what appears in them Make deductions going on what you can

More information

Introduction to Sentence Structures

Introduction to Sentence Structures Introduction to Sentence Structures Language is made of sounds, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and even more complex pieces (such as essays, chapters, and books). GETTING STARTED Choose

More information

n.pinnacle CAREER INSTITUTE C_171 SHAHPURA NEAR BANSAL HOSPITAL

n.pinnacle CAREER INSTITUTE C_171 SHAHPURA NEAR BANSAL HOSPITAL A. SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT 1. Two or more Singular Subjects connected by and usually take a Verb in the Plural. For example, Incorrect- Hari and Ram is here. Correct- Hari and Ram are here. 2. If two

More information

THE PASSIVE VOICE A) FORMATION

THE PASSIVE VOICE A) FORMATION THE PASSIVE VOICE A) FORMATION ACTIVE PASSIVE PRESENT SIMPLE They eat it It is eaten PRESENT CONTINUOUS They are eating it It is being eaten WILL They eat it It be eaten PAST SIMPLE They ate it It was

More information

My interests. Vocabulary. Free-time activities. Let s go to the new pizza place. Good idea! I m really hungry. What are you drawing?

My interests. Vocabulary. Free-time activities. Let s go to the new pizza place. Good idea! I m really hungry. What are you drawing? 8 1 My interests Vocabulary Free-time activities 1 Look at the pictures and complete the words with vowels and the letter y c h a t o n l i n e 2 p l y t n n s 4 g t t h g m 6 p l y n n s t r m n t 1 r

More information

LEARNING GRAMMAR WORKBOOK 6 is specially designed to assess and expand the student s usage of grammar in the English Language.

LEARNING GRAMMAR WORKBOOK 6 is specially designed to assess and expand the student s usage of grammar in the English Language. PREFACE LEARNING GRAMMAR WORKBOOK 6 is specially designed to assess and expand the student s usage of grammar in the English Language. The contents of the book are meant to supplement the language structures

More information

Gerunds & Infinitives. Week 14, Mon 11/23/15 Todd Windisch, Fall 2015

Gerunds & Infinitives. Week 14, Mon 11/23/15 Todd Windisch, Fall 2015 Gerunds & Infinitives Week 14, Mon 11/23/15 Todd Windisch, Fall 2015 Announcements Computer lab on Wednesday: Building 26B, Room 1555 Updated Schedule 11/23 : Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz

More information

DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH 1. INTRODUCTION: You can answer the question "What did he/she say?" in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported

More information

MODAL VERBS ABILITY. We can t meet them tomorrow. Can you hear that noise?

MODAL VERBS ABILITY. We can t meet them tomorrow. Can you hear that noise? MODAL VERBS The modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, will, would, shall, should, have to, need. They take no s in the 3 rd person singular except for have to and need. They come before

More information

UNIT 3 Past simple OJ Circle the right words in each sentence.

UNIT 3 Past simple OJ Circle the right words in each sentence. UNIT 1 Present simple and present continuous OJ Cross out the wrong words in bold. Write the 1 We are always making our homework together because we are in the same class. 2 You can walk around your town

More information

Scholastic Aptitude Test: Writing. test basics and testing strategies

Scholastic Aptitude Test: Writing. test basics and testing strategies Scholastic Aptitude Test: Writing test basics and testing strategies SAT Writing questions essay improving sentences improving paragraphs identifying sentence errors sections 1 section of essay 25 minutes

More information

THIRD YEAR WEB SAMPLE 2017

THIRD YEAR WEB SAMPLE 2017 ASOCIACIÓN EX ALUMNOS DEL PROFESORADO EN LENGUAS VIVAS JUAN RAMÓN FERNÁNDEZ THIRD YEAR A. Read the passage and answer the questions. (25) MUSIC THAT CHANGES LIVES If you take a walk in the streets of Salvador,

More information

S. 2 English Revision Exercises. Unit 1 Basic English Sentence Patterns

S. 2 English Revision Exercises. Unit 1 Basic English Sentence Patterns S. 2 English Revision Exercises Unit 1 Basic English Sentence Patterns A. When we make simple English sentences, we usually follow the Subject-Verb-Object patterns. Steps: 1. Put the subject and the adjectives

More information

Nome TER 1º BIMESTRE INGLÊS nº. Unit 1. Present Simple. Simple present with 'have' and 'be'

Nome TER 1º BIMESTRE INGLÊS nº. Unit 1. Present Simple. Simple present with 'have' and 'be' Nome TER 1º BIMESTRE 2015 - INGLÊS nº. 8º.ano do ensino fundamental data:. Professoras: Francismeiry e Josiane Unit 1 Present Simple Simple present is also called present simple. The simple present expresses

More information

pushed off by the force of the water.

pushed off by the force of the water. (1) Word list Word English Meaning lighthouse (n.) a tower with a powerful light built next to the sea. dawn (n.) the beginning of the day. seals (n.) large sea mammals which eat fish. ferocious (adj.)

More information

ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #12) NOTES-PAGE 25 GERUND PHRASES. DEFINITION: A GERUND is a verb ending in ing which is used as a noun.

ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #12) NOTES-PAGE 25 GERUND PHRASES. DEFINITION: A GERUND is a verb ending in ing which is used as a noun. ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #12) NOTES-PAGE 25 GERUND PHRASES DEFINITION: A GERUND is a verb ending in ing which is used as a noun. EXAMPLE: v or n lv adj n Walking is good exercise. Walking, which is usually

More information

Past Simple Questions

Past Simple Questions Past Simple Questions Find your sentence: Who? What? Janet Chris Mary Paul Liz John Susan Victor wrote a letter read a book ate an apple drank some milk drew a house made a model plane took some photos

More information

used to speak about a noun. A or an is generally a noun. to show how clauses and each other. relate to (p. 34) (p. 28) happening words. (p.

used to speak about a noun. A or an is generally a noun. to show how clauses and each other. relate to (p. 34) (p. 28) happening words. (p. Wow! My lazy cats and dogs jump quickly on the chair. Interjection Pronoun Adjective Noun Conjunction Noun Verb Adverb Preposition Article Noun Used to express feelings. 1. 2. 3. Used in place of a noun.

More information

Match the questions and answers. Type the letter in the box.

Match the questions and answers. Type the letter in the box. PRESENT FORMS Correct the sentences. 1 Does he lives in Scotland? 2 Do she have a car? 3 He work in Moscow. 4 Where does you live? 5 He doesn't has a dog. 6 She comes from England PAST FORMS 1 What were

More information

Classify the following adjectives as positive or negative. Choose the correct answer. helpful/ reliable/ offensive/ annoying/ Fun/ Lovable/ unfair

Classify the following adjectives as positive or negative. Choose the correct answer. helpful/ reliable/ offensive/ annoying/ Fun/ Lovable/ unfair Classify the following adjectives as positive or negative. Choose the correct answer. helpful/ reliable/ offensive/ annoying/ Fun/ Lovable/ unfair Choose the word or phrase that correctly completes each

More information

1 Family and friends. 1 Play the game with a partner. Throw a dice. Say. How to play

1 Family and friends. 1 Play the game with a partner. Throw a dice. Say. How to play 1 Family and friends 1 Play the game with a partner. Throw a dice. Say. How to play Scores Throw a dice. Move your counter to that You square and complete the sentence. You get three points if the sentence

More information

THE TWENTY MOST COMMON LANGUAGE USAGE ERRORS

THE TWENTY MOST COMMON LANGUAGE USAGE ERRORS THE TWENTY MOST COMMON LANGUAGE USAGE ERRORS Lie and Lay 1. The verb to lay means to place or put. The verb to lie means to recline or to lie down or to be in a horizontal position. EXAMPLES: Lay the covers

More information

Pronunciation of final -ed

Pronunciation of final -ed Pronunciation of final -ed Simple Past Tense The final ed ending has three different pronunciations: /t/, /d/, and /ed/ Final ed is pronounced /t/ after all voiceless sounds. Voiceless sounds are made

More information

ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives. Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018

ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives. Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018 ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018 Speaking Practice With a partner, the teacher will give you two pieces of paper (STUDENT A & STUDENT B) with different questions

More information

Grammar Cue PLUS 3 3-month Syllabus

Grammar Cue PLUS 3 3-month Syllabus Grammar Cue PLUS Book Grammar Cue PLUS month Syllabus Nouns Possessives Quantity Words Pronouns: Indefinite Countable / Noncountable Measure words Possessive pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns

More information

Infinitives. Grammar Explanation. Causative Verbs

Infinitives. Grammar Explanation. Causative Verbs Part A Causative Verbs and Infinitive Forms Infinitives Preview Dear Diary, I was so happy today because I overcame my fear of speaking in front of the class. My friend Emily was very helpful because she

More information

Linking words C1. Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK. A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training

Linking words C1. Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK. A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Speaking Listening Writing Reading Grammar Vocabulary Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Linking words C1 Forward What are TELL ME MORE Grammar-vocabulary

More information

The verbal group A2. Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK. A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Learning Language: English

The verbal group A2. Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK. A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Learning Language: English Speaking Listening Writing Reading Grammar Vocabulary Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Learning Language: English The verbal group A2 Forward What

More information

Nonfinite Verb. Infinitive / Gerund / Participle. Mishra English Study Centre BY M. K. Mishra

Nonfinite Verb. Infinitive / Gerund / Participle. Mishra English Study Centre BY M. K. Mishra Infinitive / Gerund / Participle Mishra English Study Centre BY M. K. Mishra Infinitive An Infinitive is a Verb form that works as a Noun or Pronoun in Sentence. Ex.:- To teach is an art. According to

More information

As mentioned before, English does not have any inflectional future tense, but there are several possibilities for expressing future time.

As mentioned before, English does not have any inflectional future tense, but there are several possibilities for expressing future time. SEMINAR 9 EXPRESSING THE FUTURE As mentioned before, English does not have any inflectional future tense, but there are several possibilities for expressing future time. I. WILL / SHALL + INFINITIVE -

More information

PHRASES. 2. The nineteenth constitutional amendment- The amendment allowing women to vote- changed history.

PHRASES. 2. The nineteenth constitutional amendment- The amendment allowing women to vote- changed history. PHRASES Definition: Kinds: 1. A group of words that work together. 2. A phrase does not have a subject and verb. 3. Opposite of a clause. 4. Phrases can drop out of the sentence. Appositives Prepositional

More information

Grammar Reteaching Prepositional Phrases

Grammar Reteaching Prepositional Phrases 12.1 Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or a pronoun (the object of the preposition). This exercise provides a

More information

organise (dis- is a prefix and ed is a suffix.) What is the root word in disorganised?

organise (dis- is a prefix and ed is a suffix.) What is the root word in disorganised? Root Words What is the root word in disorganised? Root Words organise (dis- is a prefix and ed is a suffix.) 1 1 Prefixes Add a prefix to the word changed to make a word that means not changed. Prefixes

More information

Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes)

Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes) Main Topic 15: Travel Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to LAND TRANSPORT. 2. Review Gerund Phrases. I. VOCABULARY Exercise 1: What s the meaning?

More information

Past simple and past continuous

Past simple and past continuous Past simple and past continuous 1: 1 cried, 2 travelled, 3 sent, 4 enjoyed, 5 stopped, 6 broke, 7 fell, 8 chatted, 9 happened, 10 said, 11 knew, 12 tried, 13 cut, 14 turned 2: 1 travelled; enjoyed, 2 Did

More information

The indefinite articles 1. We use the article a / an when we are talking about something for the first time or not specific things.

The indefinite articles 1. We use the article a / an when we are talking about something for the first time or not specific things. The indefinite articles 1. We use the article a / an when we are talking about something for the first time or not specific things. I've got a new job. (the listener doesn't know what the job is) Would

More information

The future perfect GRAMMAR

The future perfect GRAMMAR The future perfect GRAMMAR Content In this lesson you will learn all about the future perfect simple tense. Learning Outcomes Learn the uses and forms of the future perfect. Create sentences using the

More information

A Different Kind of School

A Different Kind of School 56 HONEYSUCKLE Before you read Do you know these words? If you don t, find out their meanings: bandage, crutch, cripple, honour, misfortune, system. Look at the pictures in this unit and guess in what

More information

Contents. pg pg pg Countable, Uncountable Nouns. pg pg pg pg pg Practice Test 1. pg.

Contents. pg pg pg Countable, Uncountable Nouns. pg pg pg pg pg Practice Test 1. pg. Contents Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Chapter 10: Chapter 11: Chapter 12: Chapter 13: Chapter 14: Chapter 15: Chapter 16: Chapter 17:

More information

Grammar. Name: 1 Underline the correct words.

Grammar. Name: 1 Underline the correct words. Grammar 1 Underline the correct words. 0 A: Have you got a laptop? B: Yes, I am / have. 1 A: Have / Has your father got a car? B: No, but he s got a bike! 2 A: What car have / has your parents got? B:

More information

Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS About This Book... v About the Author... v Standards...vi Syllables...1-5 Word Parts...6-37 Prefixes...6-19 Suffixes...20-33 Roots...34-37 Word Relationships...38-56

More information

THE 'ZERO' CONDITIONAL

THE 'ZERO' CONDITIONAL 17 THE 'ZERO' CONDITIONAL 1. Form In 'zero' conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present: 'IF' CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT) If + simple present If you

More information

SIMPLE FUTURE. Basic form Subject + WILL + Verb (present form)

SIMPLE FUTURE. Basic form Subject + WILL + Verb (present form) FUTURE TENSES SIMPLE FUTURE Basic form Subject WILL Verb (present form) Examples I will clean up my room. I promise! The telephone is ringing. I will pick it up! I think it will rain. He will stay there

More information

BBC LEARNING ENGLISH The Grammar Gameshow

BBC LEARNING ENGLISH The Grammar Gameshow BBC LEARNING ENGLISH The Grammar Gameshow Relative Clauses 2 Hello and welcome to today s Grammar Gameshow! I m your host,. Could anything be more affirming? And of course, let s not forget, our all-knowing

More information

TEST ONE. Singing Star Showing this week. !The Wild Wheel Ride! Indoor tennis centre. RACING CAR TRACK To drive, children must be 1 metre or more

TEST ONE. Singing Star Showing this week. !The Wild Wheel Ride! Indoor tennis centre. RACING CAR TRACK To drive, children must be 1 metre or more TEST ONE Paper 1 Reading AND WRITING (1 hour 10 minutes) Part 1 Before you answer the questions for this part, do the Further Practice and Guidance pages on page 5. Questions 1 5 Which notice (A H) says

More information

Introduction to tense shifting. LEVEL NUMBER LANGUAGE Advanced C1_2021G_EN English

Introduction to tense shifting. LEVEL NUMBER LANGUAGE Advanced C1_2021G_EN English Introduction to tense shifting GRAMMAR LEVEL NUMBER LANGUAGE Advanced C1_2021G_EN English Goals Learn about tense shifting, using reported speech as an example. Practise tense shifting in various situations.

More information

You know more than you think you know, just as you know less than you want to know (Oscar Wilde) MODAL VERBS

You know more than you think you know, just as you know less than you want to know (Oscar Wilde) MODAL VERBS You know more than you think you know, just as you know less than you want to know (Oscar Wilde) 1. CAN MODAL VERBS ability to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) permission to do sth.

More information

Conversation 1. Conversation 2. Conversation 3. Conversation 4. Conversation 5

Conversation 1. Conversation 2. Conversation 3. Conversation 4. Conversation 5 Listening Part One - Numbers 1 to 10 You will hear five short conversations. There are two questions following each conversation. For questions 1 to 10, mark A, B or C on your Answer Sheet. 1. When did

More information

GW7 Grammar & Writing Issue 1

GW7 Grammar & Writing Issue 1 Grammar & Writing February 2, 2005 : 301-251-7014 Fax: 301-251-8645 For class info, visit www.mathenglish.com Direct your questions and comments to DrLi@Smart4Micro.com Name: Peter Lin Peter Lin WRITING

More information

05 WLE LA Grammar/Sentence Construction (05wlelagrammarsentence)

05 WLE LA Grammar/Sentence Construction (05wlelagrammarsentence) Name: Date: 1. Which date is correctly punctuated? A. January 7 2001 B. January 7, 2001 C. January, 7, 2001 D. January. 7. 2001 2. Which is a run-on sentence? A. Yesterday I went swimming, so today I will

More information

Present Continuous - Simple Present

Present Continuous - Simple Present ENGLISH HELPSHEET GRAMMAR REVISION Present Continuous - Simple Present Present Continuous: 1) used to talk about something that is in progress at the moment of speaking ex: Look! The train is coming 2)

More information

Linking words B2. Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK. A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Learning Language: English

Linking words B2. Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK. A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Learning Language: English Speaking Listening Writing Reading Grammar Vocabulary Grammar-Vocabulary WORKBOOK A complementary resource to your online TELL ME MORE Training Learning Language: English Linking words B2 Forward What

More information

I ll never forget the day when Prince William and Kate Middleton married. Target Language

I ll never forget the day when Prince William and Kate Middleton married. Target Language Twenty-one I ll never forget the day when Prince William and Kate Middleton married. Target Language Do you remember the day when we first met? Ann s mother isn t home yet, which worries her. Show me what

More information

Code No. : Sub. Code : R 2 EN 21/

Code No. : Sub. Code : R 2 EN 21/ Reg. No. : Sub. Code : R 2 EN 21/ B 2 EN 21 U.G. (CBCS) DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2014. Second Semester Part II English Paper II PROSE, ONE ACT PLAYS, GRAMMAR AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS (For those who joined

More information

GRADE 11 AND 12 ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAM

GRADE 11 AND 12 ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAM GRE 11 N 12 ENGLISH ENTRNE EXM GRMMR VER FORMS N TENSES 1. In which sentence is the PST SIMPLE TENSE used? I was going to the library yesterday. I have already gone to the library. I went to the library.

More information

Name Hour. Spice Up Your Writing

Name Hour. Spice Up Your Writing Name Hour Spice Up Your Writing With The 10 SASSY SENTENCES Sentence variety is necessary because it: Makes your writing more interesting Adds style to your writing It will help develop your writing skills

More information

Lesson 17: Giving an Apology/Explanation (20-25 minutes)

Lesson 17: Giving an Apology/Explanation (20-25 minutes) Main Topic 2: Business Interactions Lesson 17: Giving an Apology/Explanation (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to GIVING AN EXPLANATION/APOLOGY. 2. Review Singular and

More information