AP English Language Summer Assignment 2017

Transcription

1 AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 1 AP English Language Summer Assignment 2017 Welcome to AP Language & Composition! AP Lang will challenge you to read and write at the level expected of college freshmen. To be successful in this course you must be willing to practice these skills, not only within the classroom, but at home as well. The summer reading assignment identified below will help you start this course on the right foot. Thank You for Arguing is available at Amazon and at Barnes & Noble. Should buying the books be an issue, me at twecht@mppanthers.org before July 10 to make arrangements. Required Reading: Essays edited by Samuel Cohen (only read the following essays) Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell How It Feels to Be Colored Me by Zora Neale Hurston On Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner Turkeys in the Kitchen by Dave Barry Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King, Jr. 2. Thank You for Arguing by Jay Heinrichs (Revised and Updated Edition 2013.) Assignments: 1. Read each of the essays listed above from 50 Essays. For each essay, you must write an advanced rhetorical précis. Please read the directions and models for Rhetorical Précis Writing starting on page 2-4. Bring in your printed précis to class the first day of school. 2. Read Thank You for Arguing. Answer the questions on pages 6-7 of this packet. Create your own glossary of rhetorical vocabulary terms from the list provided on page 8 of this packet. There are 52 terms in total. Some you should be able to define on your own, several will be defined as you read Thank You for Arguing, and others will require you to use a dictionary. You may complete the glossary in any format that works best for you, as this will become a resource for you to use throughout the course of the school year. Be prepared for a quiz the first week of school. Bring in all printed copies of answers and vocabulary definitions to class the first day of school. 3. Complete the following exercises on IXL 11 th grade. You must achieve 80% correct or have worked for 20 minutes. Prepare for a quiz the first day of school. Phrases and Clauses P1, P2, and P3. Simple, Compound, Complex Sentences R1 and R2 Commas H3 Semicolons, Colons, and Commas J1 4. All work must be completed individually, not in a group.

2 AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 2 Rhetorical Précis Writing A rhetorical précis analyzes both the content (the what) and the delivery (the how) of a unit of spoken or written discourse. It is a highly structured four-sentence paragraph blending summary and analysis. Each of the four sentences requires specific information; students are expected to use brief quotations (to convey a sense of the author s style and tone). Practicing this sort of writing fosters precision in both reading and writing, forcing a writer to employ a variety of sentence structures and to develop a discerning eye for connotative shades of meaning. Take a look at the overall format 1. Name of author [optional: a phrase describing author], genre, title of the work, date in parentheses (additional publishing information in parentheses or note); a rhetorically accurate verb (such as assert, argue, suggest, imply, claim or any from the list provided at the end of this discussion); and a that clause containing the major assertion (thesis statement) of the work. 2. An explanation of how the author develops and/or supports the thesis, usually in chronological order. 3. A statement of the author s apparent purpose followed by an in order to phrase. 4. A description of the intended audience (and/or the relationship the author establishes with the audience) and a description of his or her tone. Now take a closer look 1. THE FIRST SENTENCE identifies the essay s author, title, and genre, provides the article s date in parentheses, uses some form of the verb says (claims, asserts, suggest, argues, or other rhetorically accurate verb see the list of verbs on page 5 of this packet) followed by that, and the essay s thesis (paraphrased or quoted). BASIC EXAMPLE: In Dave Barry s essay The Ugly Truth about Beauty (1998), he satirizes the way that women unnecessarily obsess about their physical appearances. ADVANCED EXAMPLE: In the essay The Ugly Truth about Beauty (1998), Dave Barry, nationally known humorist, argues that women generally do not think of their looks in the same way that men do (4) and in the process become unnecessarily and unrealistically concerned with their appearances. (Notice: slight variations in order of title and author information, optional author description, and use of cited text in explaining the thesis.)

3 AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 3 2. THE SECOND SENTENCE conveys the author s support for the thesis (how the author develops the essay; the trick is to convey a good sense of the breadth of the author s support/examples, usually in chronological order. BASIC EXAMPLE: Barry develops his ideas by juxtaposing men s perceptions of their looks with women s, contrasting male and female role models and comparing men s interests with women s. ADVANCED EXAMPLE: Barry illuminates this discrepancy by juxtaposing men s perceptions of their looks ( average-looking ) with women s ( not good enough ), by contrasting male role models (He-Man, Buzz-Off) with female role models (Barbie, Cindy Crawford), and by comparing men s interests (the Super Bowl, lawn care) with women s (manicures). (Notice: more sophisticated vocabulary and use of both direct and indirect citations of text support the ideas.) 3. THE THIRD SENTENCE ANALYZES the author s purpose using an in order to statement: BASIC EXAMPLE: Using examples from popular culture, he exaggerates and stereotypes these differences in order to poke fun at a social norm and encourage women to rethink their acceptance of these social expectations. ADVANCED EXAMPLE: Using examples from popular culture (the Oprah Show, Brad Pitt), he exaggerates and stereotypes these differences in order to prevent women from so eagerly accepting society s expectations of them; in fact, Barry claims that men who want women to look like Cindy Crawford are idiots (10). (Notice: fuller analysis of author s purpose, direct citation of text, and compound-complex sentence structure.) 4. THE FOURTH SENTENCE describes the essay s target audience and characterizes the author s relationship with that audience and addresses the essay s tone. BASIC EXAMPLE: Barry opens and closes the essay by directly addressing men ( If you re a man ) and offering to give them advice, but his actual audience is both men and women, whom he addresses with a warm but mocking tone. ADVANCED EXAMPLE: Barry ostensible audience is men because he opens and closes the essay by directly addressing men ( If you re a man ) and offering to give them advice in a mockingly conspiratorial tone; however, by using humor to poke fun at both men and women s perceptions of themselves, Barry makes his essay palatable to both genders and hopes to convince women to stop obsessively thinking they need to look like Barbie (8).

4 Put it all together and it looks darn smart! BASIC EXAMPLE AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 4 In Dave Barry s essay The Ugly Truth about Beauty (1998), he satirizes the way that women unnecessarily obsess about their physical appearances. Barry develops his ideas by juxtaposing men s perceptions of their looks with women s, contrasting male and female role models and comparing men s interests with women s. Using examples from popular culture, he exaggerates and stereotypes these differences in order to poke fun at a social norm and encourage women to rethink their acceptance of these social expectations. Barry opens and closes the essay by directly addressing men ( If you re a man ) and offering to give them advice, but his actual audience is both men and women, whom he addresses with a warm but mocking tone. Word Count: 116 ADVANCED EXAMPLE In the essay The Ugly Truth about Beauty (1998), Dave Barry, nationally known humorist, argues that women generally do not think of their looks in the same way that men do (4) and in the process become unnecessarily and unrealistically concerned with their appearances. Barry illuminates this discrepancy by juxtaposing men s perceptions of their looks ( average-looking ) with women s ( not good enough ), by contrasting male role models (He-Man, Buzz-Off) with female role models (Barbie, Cindy Crawford), and by comparing men s interests (the Super Bowl, lawn care) with women s (manicures). Using examples from popular culture (the Oprah Show, Brad Pitt), he exaggerates and stereotypes these differences in order to prevent women from so eagerly accepting society s expectations of them; in fact, Barry claims that men who want women to look like Cindy Crawford are idiots (10). Barry ostensible audience is men because he opens and closes the essay by directly addressing men ( If you re a man ) and offering to give them advice in a mockingly conspiratorial tone; however, by using humor to poke fun at both men and women s perceptions of themselves, Barry makes his essay palatable to both genders and hopes to convince women to stop obsessively thinking they need to look like Barbie (8). Word Count: 205 Barry, Dave. The Ugly Truth about Beauty. Mirror on America: Short Essays and Images from Popular Culture. 2 nd ed. Eds. Joan T. Mims and Elizabeth M. Nollen. NY: Bedford,

5 VERB BANK AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 5 Here is a list of verbs you should use in writing your précis. This list is by no means complete, but it is a start! Always strive to employ the most connotatively precise words you can. Adjures Advances Advises Asks Asserts Begs Beseeches Cajoles Cheers Chimes Commands Complains Confides Conveys Counsels Crows Declares Decrees Descries Demands Describes Dictates Directs Discloses Divulges Elucidates Employs Encourages Entreats Espouses Exclaims Exhorts Explains Gripes Groans Grouses Grumbles Hails Hints Illustrates Implies Implores Inquires Insinuates Instructs Intimates Invokes Justifies Laments Mandates Mocks Muses Orders Pleads Ponders Pontificates Proclaims Pronounces Proposes Queries Rationalizes Recommends Recounts Relates Reports Requests Reveals Satirizes Sighs Sings Snarls Sneers States Submits Suggests Summons Wails Whimpers Whines Wields Wonders

6 AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 6 Study Guide Questions for Thank You for Arguing by Jay Heinrichs. Directions: Please answer questions fully using complete sentences on a separate document. You will submit for credit the first week of school. Chapter 4 Soften Them Up 1. What is argument by logic (logos)? 2. What is argument by character (ethos)? 3. What is argument by emotion (pathos)? 4. Why is concession the most powerful tool of logos? 5. How does align[ing] yourself with your listener s pathos help in an argument (44)? 6. Pathos aims to do what? Chapter 5 Get Them to Like You 1. Explain decorum: 2. Decorum follows whose rules? 3. Why must you change your decorum based on your audience s expectations? 4. Why is Eminem s 8 Mile a great example for this chapter? Chapter 6 Make Them Listen 1. Identify and define the 3 essential qualities of persuasive ethos (57). 2. What is Lincoln decorum? Chapter 9 Control the Mood 1. According to Aristotle, where do emotions come from? Is this an accurate statement? Why? 2. Why is a detailed narrative the best way to change the mood of your audience (83)? 3. Explain the statement: When you argue emotionally, speak simply (85). 4. Why is sympathy more effective than humor at persuading someone? 5. Discuss the use of the following in an argument: a. Anger b. Patriotism c. Emulation 6. What is unannounced emotion? Chapter 13 Control the Argument 1. Create your own syllogism. 2. What is an enthymeme? 3. Create your own enthymeme. 4. Explain inductive logic. 5. Explain deductive logic. 6. What key word easily identifies the proof in an argument? 7. Identify and give an example of the following: a. Fact b. Comparison c. Story (Anecdote)

7 AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 7 Defense Chapter 14 Spot Fallacies 1. What are the 4 questions that can help you determine if there is a fallacy in an argument? How can you use these in everyday life? 2. What are the 3 identifiers associated with logical fallacies? 3. Explain The False Comparison and create your own example. 4. Explain The Bad Example and create your own example of a hasty generalization. 5. Explain Ignorance of Proof and create an example. 6. Explain the Tautology and create your own example. 7. Explain the following devices and create your own example for each: d. Many Question e. Complex Cause f. False Dilemma g. The Red Herring h. Straw Man i. Slippery Slope Advanced Offense Chapter 18 Get Instant Cleverness 1. What are schemes (202)? 2. What is metonymy and synecdoche? 3. Go online and find an impressive example of metonymy and synecdoche (document the site). 4. What is chiasmus? 5. Go online and find an impressive example of chiasmus (document the site). 6. What is antithesis? 7. Go online and find an impressive example of antithesis (document the site). 8. What is a litotes? 9. Go online and find an impressive example of litotes (document the site). 10. Explain verbing ( ). Chapter 25 Give a Persuasive Talk (same issue with writing an argument) 1. Define each of the levels of persuasive organization a. Introduction b. Narration c. Division d. Proof e. Refutation f. Conclusion 2. Explain each for diction- stylea. Virtue 1 b. Virtue 2 c. Virtue 3 d. Virtue 4 e. Virtue 5

8 AP Summer Reading Assignment /page 8 RHETORICAL VOCABULARY TERMS You should be able to define the following vocabulary terms without the help of Thank You for Arguing or a dictionary. If you are unfamiliar with any of these terms you will want to study them until you are able to define (and identify) them on the spot. alliteration allusion clause connotation genre mood personification sentence structure diction figure of speech simile syntax The following vocabulary terms can be defined as you read Thank You for Arguing. Define each term and give an example when applicable. ambiguity metaphor analogy metonymy anaphora narrative anecdote onomatopoeia antithesis oxymoron deductive logic pun denotation rebuttal fallacy rhetoric hyperbole rhetorical question image synecdoche inductive logic tone irony voice Define the following vocabulary terms with the help of a dictionary. Many terms will be addressed as you read Thank You for Arguing, but they may not be explicitly defined. antecedent apostrophe assonance conceit consonance euphemism exposition explication parallel structure parody persona prose reiteration rhetorical mode satire stylistic devices