Nonfiction Packet. Advanced Survey of Literature. Name: Period :

Transcription

1 Nonfiction Packet Advanced Survey of Literature Name: Period : 1

2 Nonfiction Inventory 1. Why do you read nonfiction? 2. Why do you write non-fiction? 3. What type(s) of non-fiction do you read? Circle all that apply. 4. What type(s) of non-fiction do you write? *Star* all that apply Textbooks Travel journals News articles Advice columns Correspondence ( s, letters, postcards, etc.) Essays Magazine articles Handbooks User Manuals and Guides Reviews (book, restaurant, music, etc.) Facebook posts / Twitter feeds Dictionary Personal stories (biographies/autobiographies) Encyclopedia / Wikipedia Blogs Diary Entries / Journals **After answering 3 and 4, return to see if you can add anything to your responses for questions 1 and 2.** 2

3 Nonfiction Continuum Test your knowledge: Place each kind of non-fiction in order on the continuum below and explain why you placed it there. Consider how personal or impersonal each type is. Types of Nonfiction Textbook Newspaper Article Diary Speech Letter Biography Memoir (Focused Autobiography) Essay 3

4 Modes of Nonfiction Term / Definition Example / Explanation Expository: Persuasive: Narrative: Reflective: 4

5 Expository vs. Persuasive What do you already know about these two modes of nonfiction? Which mode is the above text written in? How can you tell? Which mode is the above text written in? How can you tell? 5

6 Types of Support / Definition Facts Types of Supporting Evidence: Details used to inform and educate audiences. Examples from text Statistics Examples Anecdotes Quotations Definitions Reasons Summaries Comparisons 6

7 Modes of Persuasion: Ethos, Pathos, Logos Ethos, Pathos and Logos are modes of persuasion used to convince audiences. Term and definition In your own words Ethos, or the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author s credibility or character. Ethos is convincing an audience by An author would use ethos to show to his audience that he is a credible source and is worth listening too. Ethos is the Greek word for character. The word ethic is derived from ethos. Ethos can be developed by choosing language that is appropriate for the audience and topic (also means choosing proper level of vocabulary), making yourself sound fair or unbiased, introducing your expertise or pedigree, and by describing personal experiences related to topic. Tends to use the I. Pathos, or the emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing to their emotions. Authors use pathos to invoke sympathy from an audience; to get them to feel what the writer feels. A common use of pathos would be to draw pity from an audience. Another use of pathos would be to inspire anger from an audience; perhaps in order to prompt action. Pathos is the Greek word for both suffering and experience. The word pathetic is derived from pathos. Pathos is convincing an audience by Pathos can be developed by using meaningful language, emotional tone, emotion evoking examples, stories of emotional events, and implied meanings. Emotional appeals can involve the audience by speaking directly to them you. Logos, or the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason. To use logos would be to cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies, and citing certain authorities on a subject. Logos is used to prove a point with support: data, examples, reasons, etc. Logos is the Greek word for word, however the true definition goes beyond that, as the word logic is derived from logos. Logos is convincing an audience by Logos can be developed by quoting experts, providing definitions or explanations, citing facts (very important), using historical and literal analogies, and by constructing logical arguments. 7

8 Examples of Ethos, Logos and Pathos: Excerpted Text - Underline the words or phrases that indicate the type of persuasion. "I will end this war in Iraq responsibly, and finish the fight against al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan. I will rebuild our military to meet future conflicts. But I will also renew the tough, direct diplomacy that can prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and curb Russian aggression. I will build new partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century: terrorism and nuclear proliferation; poverty and genocide; climate change and disease. And I will restore our moral standing, so that America is once again that last, best hope for all who are called to the cause of freedom, who long for lives of peace, and who yearn for a better future." Democratic Presidential Candidate Acceptance Speech by Barack Obama. August 28th, Identify each argument as using Ethos, Logos, or Pathos. Explain. "However, although private final demand, output, and employment have indeed been growing for more than a year, the pace of that growth recently appears somewhat less vigorous than we expected. Notably, since stabilizing in mid-2009, real household spending in the United States has grown in the range of 1 to 2 percent at annual rates, a relatively modest pace. Households' caution is understandable. Importantly, the painfully slow recovery in the labor market has restrained growth in labor income, raised uncertainty about job security and prospects, and damped confidence. Also, although consumer credit shows some signs of thawing, responses to our Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices suggest that lending standards to households generally remain tight." The Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy by Ben Bernanke. August 27th, "I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed." I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr. August 28th,

9 Persuasive Techniques in Barak Obama s Back to School Speech: Persuasive Technique Ethos: How does Obama connect with his audience? How does he prove that he is credible? Identify an example of the persuasive technique in Obama s speech. Explain how or why this passage is an example of the persuasive technique. Logos: How does Obama support his case by using logic and common-sense? Pathos: How does Obama evoke emotion from his audience? 9

10 Narrative vs. Reflective What do you already know about these two modes of nonfiction? Which mode is the above text written in? How can you tell? Which mode is the above text written in? How can you tell? 10

11 Plot Structure The structure of a story Term / Definition A. Exposition: Example B. Initial Incident C. Rising Action D. Climax E. Falling Action F. Resolution Label Plot: 11

12 Term / Definition Tone Tone Explanation Diction Syntax Words to Describe Tone amused angry excited cheerful horrified neutral optimistic formal satirical humorous gloomy conciliatory informal ironic imploring light serious curious resigned clear witty pessimistic playful nostalgic suspicious sad sentimental hopeful confident apologetic sympathetic innocent regretful Practice: For each example write one word to describe the tone and circle/highlight the diction that led you to that conclusion. 1. Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans. a. Tone 2. Bursting through the door, the flustered mother screamed uncontrollably at the innocent teacher who gave her child an F. a. Tone 3. He furtively glanced behind him, for fear of his imagined pursuers, then hurriedly walked on, jumping at the slightest sound even of a leaf crackling under his own foot. a. Tone 12

13 Tone in My English by Julia Alvarez Section A What is Alvarez s tone in this section? Identify passages that, based on the diction and syntax, helped to convey Alvarez s tone. B C D E 13

14 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 14

15 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 15

16 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 16

17 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 17

18 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 18

19 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 19

20 Reading Notes: Author: Topic: Mode (circle one): Expository / Persuasive / Narrative / Reflective Explain: Summary: (3-5 main points) Evaluation / Response (what did you enjoy, learn, find interesting, decide, ect.?) 20