Literary Devices Figurative Language and Beyond
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1 Literary Devices Figurative Language and Beyond
2 Essential Question What are the literary devices I need to understand and to analyze poetry and drama?
3 Aphorism a concise statement of a general truth or principle; like a truism o A penny saved is a penny earned. o The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them. -Mark Twain o You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. from To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee
4 Epigraph a quotation at the beginning of a literary work to introduce its theme o But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. (Genesis 2:17) --from Twilight by Stephanie Meyer o
5 Metaphor a subtle comparison in which an author describes a person or thing using words that are not meant to be taken literally o time is a dressmaker specializing in alterations o All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances from As You Like It by William Shakespeare
6 Extended Metaphor a metaphor introduced and then further developed throughout all or part of a literary work, especially a poem comparison can be made to something else not mentioned in the poem o Nothing Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost Comparison= life to a sunrise
7 Simile a comparison of two things that are essentially different, using the words like or as Example o O my love is like a red, red rose from Robert Burn s A Red, Red Rose
8 Imagery the use of language to create mental images and sensory impressions for emotional effect and intensity o He could hear his world crashing down when he heard the news about her. o A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way from Daffodils by William Wordsworth
9 Irony a literary technique used to create meaning that seems to contradict the literal meaning or events o Verbal o Situational o Dramatic
10 Example o Miss, are we gonna do anything today? And the teacher responds o In SHREK, when Fiona Says Where are you going? and Shrek replies I ve got to save my ass. (Speaking of Donkey) Verbal Irony use of words in which the intended meaning is contrary to the literal meaning Requires the right understanding of meaning, the right audience, and most importantly, the right tone of voice.
11 Situational Irony implying through plot or character that a situation is quite different from the way it is presented. o 'The Wonderful Wizard of Oz', Scarecrow always had a brain; Tin Man always had a heart; Dorothy could have always gone home; the Cowardly Lion wasn t a coward after all.
12 Dramatic Irony dramatic device in which a character says or does something that he or she does not fully grasp but which is understood by the audience o Lois Lane is constantly trying to get an interview with Superman, but she actually sees him every day and doesn t know it (Clark Kent).
13 Sarcasm a bitter form of irony, can be intended to tease or hurt; often insinuated by the tone; late Gr. sarkasmós, f. sarkázein tear flesh, gnash the teeth, speak bitterly, f. sárx, sark- flesh. o I m proud of you, Mom. You re like Christopher Columbus. You discovered something millions of people knew about before you. Lisa Simpson
14 a seemingly contradictory Paradox statement that on closer analysis reveals a deeper truth o I m nobody. --anonymous o I can resist anything but temptation. --Oscar Wilde o Nobody goes to that restaurant; it s too crowded.
15 Personification figurative language in which nonhuman things or abstractions are represented as having human qualities o Necessity is the mother of all invention.
16 Hyperbole an intentional and extreme exaggeration for emphasis or effect o This book weighs a ton.
17 Refrain a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a song or poem, especially at the end of each stanza; chorus. o All you need is love Love is all you need --The Beatles o
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