PSSA REVIEW!! To author includes facts, statistics, and details. Examples: newspaper articles, encyclopedias, instruction manuals
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1 PSSA REVIEW!! Elements of Fiction CONFLICT The in the story CHARACTERS, animals, or other creatures that play a role in the. SETTING and the story takes place. PLOT The way the story Author s Purpose To author includes facts, statistics, and details Examples: newspaper articles, encyclopedias, instruction manuals To author tries to convince the reader of his or her point of view Examples: opinion essays, advertisements, editorials To author uses humor, suspense, or exciting language Examples: poems, plays, short stories, novels To author provides personal comments about the meaning of an experience Examples: autobiographies, diaries
2 Types of Conflict Conflict a struggle between two characters or between a character and an outside force. Character vs. Character vs. Character vs. Conflict a struggle within the mind of a character Characters Protagonist the character Antagonist the character or force that is in with the protagonist Plot Pyramid CLIMAX The most moment in the plot, when the is most intense. RISING ACTION Introduces the story s main. FALLING ACTION Everything that happens the climax. EXPOSITION The of the story. Characters and are introduced. RESOLUTION The of the story, when the conflict is.
3 Literary Terms a scene in a narrative that takes the reader back in time to an event that happened before the story began the use of clues to hint at an event that will occur later in the narrative Irony a contrast or contradiction between appearance and, between what was expected and what actually, or between meaning and. Irony a writer or character says something that is the opposite of what that person really means Irony something happens that contradicts what the reader, a character, or the audience expects to happen Irony the reader or audience knows something that a character does not Types of NONFICTION NARRATIVE writing that tells a story (biography, autobiography) Purpose: to entertain EXPOSITORY writing that gives about a topic (news articles, encyclopedias) Purpose: to inform PERSUASIVE writing that tries to the reader to agree with a certain point of view (speeches) Purpose: to persuade REFLECTIVE writing in which the author about certain ideas or experiences (journals, diaries) Purpose: to reflect
4 Fact OR Opinion? FACT Something that you can. It actually exists. Example: The sky is blue. OPINION Something you cannot prove. It is based on beliefs or. Example: TITANIC is the best movie ever! Tone the author s toward his or her subject. (Can usually be summarized by a single word.) Example: My heart ached for the starving children. (sympathetic tone) Types of Nonfiction: Biography a writer tells the life story of person Autobiography a writer tells his or her life story Types of Organization: CAUSE-AND-EFFECT or something happened CHRONOLOGICAL arranges events by proper in COMPARE-AND-CONTRAST shows how two or more subjects are the and different PROBLEM-AND-SOLUTION identifies an issue and provides a
5 Figurative Language Simile uses or to compare two different things Busy as a bee. Cool as a cucumber. Metaphor describes one thing as if it were, without using like or as The inside of the car was a refrigerator. Personification giving qualities to something The brown grass begged for water. Hyperbole speech for emphasis I m so hungry I could eat a horse! IMAGERY language that appeals to one or more of the five Examples: Sight: The sky darkened to indigo blue as the sun slipped behind the hills. Sound: The cat was howling at the back door to come in. Touch: The warm, gooey mud squished between my toes. Taste: I bit into the peach, and its sweet juice squirted into my mouth. Smell: The delicious aroma of fresh popcorn filled the apartment. MOOD the overall of a passage SOUND DEVICES: Alliteration the repetition of sounds at the of words Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Consonance the of consonant sounds at the of words tick tock Assonance the repetition of sounds in words black cat Onomatopoeia the use of a word that like what it means bang, boom, swoosh, crack, hiss
6 BASIC PARTS OF SPEECH Noun a person,, or thing Pronoun a word that takes the of a noun Verb expresses or being Adjective a word that a noun or a pronoun Adverb a word that a verb
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