Listening Guides 00 Cultural Perspectives 00 imusic Examples 00 Preface: The Enjoyment of Music Package 00. Unit I The Elements of Music 2

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1 CONTENTS Listening Guides 00 Cultural Perspectives 00 imusic Examples 00 Preface: The Enjoyment of Music Package 00 PART ONE THE MATERIALS OF MUSIC Unit I The Elements of Music 2 Prelude Listening to Music Today 2 Some Practical Suggestions for Listening Attending Concerts CP 1 Music and Sound Chapter 1 Melody: Musical Line 11 Defining Melody The Structure of Melody Listening Activity: Melody Chapter 2 Rhythm and Meter: Musical Time 15 Metrical Patterns Listening Activity: Rhythm Chapter 3 Harmony: Musical Space 19 The Organization of Harmony Consonance and Dissonance Listening Activity: Harmony Chapter 4 Musical Texture 23 Types of Texture Contrapuntal Devices Musical Texture and the Listener Listening Activity: Texture Chapter 5 Musical Form 27 Structure and Design in Music Two-Part and Three-Part Form The Building Blocks of Form Listening Activity: Musical Form Chapter 6 Musical Expression: Tempo and Dynamics 32 The Pace of Music Loudness and Softness Tempo and Dynamics as Elements of Musical Expression Listening Activity: Tempo and Dynamics Unit II Musical Instruments and Ensembles 36 Chapter 7 Voices and Musical Instrument Families 36 Musical Timbre The Voice as Instrument The World of Musical Instruments Listening Activity: Voices

2 Chapter 8 Western Musical Instruments 40 String Instruments Woodwind Instruments Brass Instruments Percussion Instruments Keyboard Instruments Listening Activity: Western Instruments Chapter 9 Musical Ensembles 49 Choral Groups Instrumental Chamber Ensembles The Orchestra Concert, Jazz, and Rock Bands The Role of the Conductor The Orchestra in Action LG 1 Britten: The Young Person s Guide to the Orchestra Listening Activity: Reviewing Ensembles Chapter 10 Style and Function of Music in Society 58 CP 2 The Roles of Music around the World Listening Activity: Historical Style Periods The Concept of Style Musical Styles in History PART TWO MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE MUSIC Timeline: Medieval/Renaissance Era Unit III The Middle Ages 70 Chapter 11 The Culture of the Middle Ages 70 Chapter 12 Sacred Music in the Middle Ages 72 The Mass A Gregorian Melody: Kyrie LG 2 Gregorian Chant: Kyrie Life in the Medieval Cloister The Music of Hildegard of Bingen CP 3 Chant as Music for Worship LG 3 Hildegard of Bingen: Allelulia, O virga mediatrix The Rise of Polyphony LG 4 Notre Dame School Organum: Gaude Maria virgo The Early Medieval Motet LG 5 Anonymous: Mout me fu grief/robin m aime/portare Chapter13 Secular Music in the Middle Ages 85 Medieval Minstrels Raimbaut de Vaqueiras and the Troubadour Tradition Guillaume de Machaut and the French Ars nova LG 6 Raimbaut de Vacqueiras: Kalenda maya LG 7 Machaut: Puis qu en oubli CP 4 Opening Doors to the East Early Instrumental Music Unit IV The Renaissance 96 Chapter 14 The Renaissance Spirit 96 The Arts in the Renaissance CP 5 Mythology in Music and Art Musicians in Renaissance Society Renaissance Musical Style Chapter 15 Renaissance Sacred Music 101 The Early Renaissance Mass Du Fay and the Cantus Firmus Mass LG 8 Du Fay: L homme armé Mass The Motet in the Renaissance Josquin des Prez and the Motet LG 9 Josquin: Ave Maria... virgo serena The Late Renaissance Mass Palestrina and the Pope Marcellus Mass LG 10 Palestrina: Pope Marcellus Mass

3 Chapter 16 Renaissance Secular Music 111 Music in Court and City Life The Chanson LG 11 Josquin: Mille regretz Instrumental Dance Music The Italian Madrigal LG 12 Susato: Three Dances Monterverdi and the Madrigal LG 13 Monterverdi: Ecco mormorar l onde The English Madrigal LG 14 Farmer: Fair Phyllis Transition I From Renaissance to Baroque 122 Polychoral Music in Venice Giovanni Gabrieli and the Polychoral Motet LG 15 Giovanni Gabrieli: O quam suavis PART THREE MORE MATERIALS OF MUSIC Unit V The Organization of Musical Sounds 128 Chapter 17 Musical Systems 128 The Formation of Major and Minor Scales Diatonic and Chromatic Scales Other Scale Types Chapter 18 The Major-Minor System 133 Active and Rest Chords The Key as a Form-Building Element Listening Activity: Musical Key PART FOUR THE BAROQUE ERA Timeline: Baroque Era Unit VI The Baroque and the Arts 140 Chapter 19 The Baroque Spirit 140 Chapter 20 Main Currents in Baroque Music 143 Origins of Monody CP 6 Music and the Religious Spirit in the New World New Harmonic Structures Baroque Musical Style The Doctrine of the Affections The Rise of the Virtuoso Musician Women in Baroque Music Unit VII Vocal Music of the Baroque 150 Chapter 21 Baroque Opera 150 The Components of Opera Monteverdi and Early Baroque Opera LG 16 The Coronation of Poppea Opera in France Opera in England Henry Purcell: His Life and Music LG 17 Dido and Aeneas Handel and Late Baroque Opera LG 18 Molto voglio, molto spero Chapter 22 Barbara Strozzi and the Italian Cantata 163 Barbara Strozzi: Her Life and Music LG 19 Begli occhi

4 Chapter 23 Bach and the Sacred Cantata 166 The Lutheran Chorale Johann Sebastian Bach LG 20 Cantata 80: A Mighty Fortress Is Our God Chapter 24 Handel and the Oratorio 175 The Oratorio George Frideric Handel: His Life and Music LG 21 Messiah Unit VIII Instrumental Music of the Baroque 182 Chapter 25 The Baroque Sonata and Concerto 182 The Rise of Instrumental Music Baroque Instruments Sonata Types LG 22 Corelli: Trio Sonata, Op. 3, No 2 Domenico Scarlatti and the Solo Sonata Concerto Types LG 23 Sonata in C major (The Hunt) Antonio Vivaldi: His Life and Music LG 24 Vivaldi: The Four Seasons Bach and the Late Baroque Concerto LG 25 Brandenburg Concerto Chapter 26 The Baroque Suite 197 Handel and the Orchestral Suite LG 26 Water Music Music at the French Court LG 27 Mouret: Rondeau, from Suite des symphonies Chapter 27 Other Baroque Instrumental Forms 203 Keyboard Forms The Fugue and Its Devices Bach s Keyboard Fugues LG 28 Bach: Contrapunctus I Transition II To the Age of Enlightenment 209 The Rococo and the Age of Sensibility The Changing Opera LG 29 John Gay: The Beggar s Opera Gluck and Opera Reform PART FIVE MORE MATERIALS OF MUSIC Unit IX Expanded Elements of Form 218 Chapter 28 The Development of Musical Ideas 218 Listening Activity: Thematic Development Chapter 29 Classical Forms 221 The First Movement The Second Movement The Third Movement The Fourth Movement The Multimovement Cycle as a Whole Listening Activity: Hearing Larger Forms PART SIX EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CLASSICISM Timeline: Classical Era Unit X The Classical Spirit 232 Chapter 30 Classicism in the Arts 232

5 Chapter 31 Classicism in Music 235 Elements of Classical Style The Patronage System Unit XI Classical Chamber Music 238 Chapter 32 Eighteenth-Century Chamber Music Style 238 The String Quartet LG 30 Haydn: String Quartet Op 76, No. 2 (Quinten) Chapter 33 Mozart and Chamber Music 242 His Life and Music CP 7 The Mozart Effect LG 31 Eine kleine Nachtmusik Unit XII The Classical Symphony 250 Chapter 34 The Nature of the Symphony 250 Historical Background The Classical Orchestra The Movements of the Symphony LG 32 Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G minor Chapter 35 Haydn and the Symphony 254 His Life and Music LG 33 Symphony No. 94 in G major (Surprise) Chapter 36 Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition 260 His Life and Music CP 8 Beethoven and the Politics of Music LG 34 Symphony No. 5 in G minor Unit XIII The Eighteenth-Century Concerto and Sonata 270 Chapter 37 The Classical Concerto 270 The Movements of the Concerto LG 35 Mozart: Piano Concerto in G major, K. 453 LG 36 Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major Famous Women Virtuosos of the Eighteenth Century Chapter 38 The Classical Sonata 278 The Movements of the Sonata CP 9 East Meets West: Turkish Influences on the Viennese Classics LG 37 Mozart: Piano Sonata in A major, K. 331 LG 38 Beethoven: Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight) Unit XIV Choral Music and Opera in the Classical Era 287 Chapter 39 Sacred Choral Music 287 Mass, Requiem, and Oratorio LG 39 Mozart: Dies irae, from Requiem LG 40 Haydn: The Creation Chapter 40 Classical Opera 294 Opera Types LG 41 Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro

6 Transition III From Classicism to Romanticism 307 LG 42 Schubert: The Trout: Lied and Piano Quintet PART SEVEN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Timeline: Romantic Era Unit XV The Romantic Movement 318 Chapter 41 The Spirit of Romanticism 318 French Revolution Romantic Writers Chapter 42 Romanticism in Music 321 Romantic Style Traits The Musician in Society Unit XVI Nineteenth-Century Art Song 326 Chapter 43 The Romantic Song 326 Types of Song Structure The Lied Chapter 44 Schubert and the Lied 328 His Life and Music LG 43 Erlking Chapter 45 Robert Schumann and the Song Cycle 333 His Life and Music LG 44 In the Lovely Month of May, from A Poet s Love Unit XVII The Nineteenth-Century Piano Piece 337 Chapter 46 The Piano and Its Literature 337 The Short Lyric Piano Piece Chapter 47 Chopin and Piano Music 339 His Life and Music CP 10 Chopin and the Salon: From Paris to the Pacific LG 45 Polonaise in A major, Op. 40, No 1 (Military) LG 46 Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, No. 4 Chapter 48 Liszt and the Rise of the Performer/Composer 346 His Life and Music LG 47 The Little Bell Chapter 49 Clara Schumann: Pianist and Composer 350 Her Life and Music LG 48 Nocturne, from Music for an Evening Entertainment Chapter 50 Louis Gottschalk and Piano Music in America 354 His Life and Music LG 49 The Banjo Unit XVIII Romantic Program Music 359

7 Chapter 51 The Nature of Program Music 359 Varieties of Program Music Chapter 52 Berlioz and the Program Symphony 361 His Life and Music LG 50 Symphonie fantastique Chapter 53 Musical Nationalism 367 A Czech Nationalist: Bedřich Smetana LG 51 The Moldau Other Nationalists CP 11 Music, Folklore, and Nationalism Unit XIX Absolute Forms in the Nineteenth Century 374 Chapter 54 The Romantic Symphony 374 The Romantic Symphony Form Chapter 55 Brahms and the Late Romantic Symphony 377 His Life and Music LG 52 Symphony No. 3 in F major Chapter 56 Dvořák as a Symphonist 381 His Life and Music CP 12 Dvořák s Influence on African-American Art Music LG 53 The New World Symphony Chapter 57 The Romantic Concerto 387 Virtuosity and the Concerto The Romantic Concerto Form Chapter 58 Felix Mendelssohn and the Concerto 389 His Life and Music LG 54 Violin Concerto in E minor Chapter 59 Amy Beach and Classical Composition in America 394 Her Life and Music CP 13 Women and Music: A Feminist Perspective LG 55 Violin Sonata in A minor Unit XX Choral and Dramatic Music in the Nineteenth Century 402 Chapter 60 Romantic Choral Music 402 LG 56 Brahms: A German Requiem Chapter 61 Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and the Romantic Part Song 405 Her Life and Music CP 14 Music and Shakespeare LG 57 Under the Greenwood Tree Chapter 62 Romantic Opera 411 The Development of National Styles Women in Opera Chapter 63 Verdi and Italian Opera 414 His Life and Music LG 58 Rigoletto

8 Chapter 64 Wagner and the Music Drama 423 His Life and Music LG 59 Die Walkűre Chapter 65 Exoticism in Opera 433 George Bizet: His Life and Music LG 60 Carmen Chapter 66 Puccini and Late Romantic Opera 439 His Life and Music LG 61 Madame Butterfly Looking East to Japanese Culture LG 62 Japanese Kouta: Hakusen no (A White Fan) Chapter 67 Tchaikovsky and the Ballet 447 Ballet Past and Present Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky: His Life and Music LG 63 The Nutcracker PART EIGHT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND BEYOND Timeline: Post-Romanticism, Impressionism, and Early Twentieth Century Transition IV The Post-Romantic Era 458 Gustav Mahler: His Life and Music LG 64 The Song of the Earth Unit XXI The Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Eras 464 Chapter 68 Debussy and Impressionism 464 The Impressionist Painters The Symbolist Poets Impressionism in Music Claude Debussy: His Life and Music CP 15 The Paris World Exhibition of 1889: A Cultural Awakening LG 65 Prelue to The Afternoon of a Faun Chapter 69 Ravel and Post-Impressionism 475 His Life and Music LG 66 Don Quixote to Dulcinea Unit XXII The Early Twentieth Century 482 Chapter 70 Main Currents in Early-Twentieth-Century Music 482 The Reaction against Romaticism New Trends in the Arts Expressionism Neoclassicism Chapter 71 New Elements of Musical Style 485 The New Rhythmic Complexity The New Melody The New Harmony Orchestration New Conceptions of Form Chapter 72 Stravinsky and the Revitalization of Rhythm 488 His Life and Music LG 67 The Rite of Spring LG 68 A Soldier s Tale Chapter 73 Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School 498 His Life and Music LG 69 Pierrot lunaire

9 Chapter 74 Berg and Early-Twentieth-Century Opera 504 His Life and Music LG 70 Wozzeck Chapter 75 Webern and Serial Technique 511 His Life and Music LG 71 Symphony, Opus 21 Unit XXIII Twentieth-Century Nationalism 515 Chapter 76 Béla Bartók and the European Tradition 515 National Schools His Life and Music CP 16 Bartók a Folk-Song Collector LG 72 Concerto for Orchestra Chapter 77 American Traditions: The Music of Charles Ives and William Grant Still 523 Popular Music in Late-Nineteenth-Century America Charles Ives: His Life and Music CP 17 Music and the Patriotic Spirit LG 73 Ives: The Things Our Fathers Loved William Grant Still: His Life and Music LG 74 Still: Afro-American Symphony Chapter 78 Nationalism in the Americas: Aaron Copland and Silvestre Revueltas 536 Aaron Copland: His Life and Music LG 75 Billy the Kid CP 18 Preserving the Musical Traditions of Mexico Silvestre Revueltas and Art Music Traditions in Mexico His Life and Music LG 76 Homenaje a Federico García Lorca Music from the Mariachi Tradition LG 77 El Cihualteco Unit XXIV Popular Styles 550 Chapter 79 Ragtime, Blues, and Early Jazz 550 Scott Joplin and Ragtime LG 78 Maple Leaf Rag Blues and New Orleans Jazz CP 19 The Roots of Jazz Louis Armstrong and Early Jazz LG 79 Billie Holiday: Billie s Blues Chapter 80 The Swing Era and Beyond 559 Duke Ellington and the Big Band Era Bebop and Later Jazz Styles LG 80 Strayhorn/Ellington: Take the A Train LG 81 Gillespie/Parker: A Night in Tunisia George Gershwin and the Merger of Classical and Jazz Styles LG 82 Piano Prelude No. 1 Chapter 81 Musical Theater 567 The Development of American Musical Theater Leonard Bernstein and the Broadway Musical CP 20 Latin American Dance Music LG 83 West Side Story Chapter 82 Rock and The Global Scene 578

10 The Eclecticism of the 1970s The 1980s and Beyond Country-Western Music Global Pop LG 84 Think of Me (Jongle à moi), by BeauSoleil LG 85 Homeless, by Ladysmith Black Mambazo Timeline: Later Twentieth Century and Beyond Unit XXV The New Music 598 Chapter 83 New Directions 598 The Arts since the Mid-Twentieth Century Toward Greater Organization in Music Toward Greater Freedom in Music The Postwar Internationalism CP 21 Public Support for New Music Chapter 84 The New Virtuosity of the Modern Age 608 Olivier Messiaen and the Postwar Era LG 86 Quartet for the End of Time Pierre Boulez and the French Avant-Garde LG 87 Notations IV George Crumb and Avant- Garde Virtuosity LG 88 Ancient Voices of Children Chapter 85 Contemporary Composers Look to World Music 618 Important Experimenters The Music of John Cage LG 89 Sonatas and Interludes The Javanese Gamelan LG 90 Javanese Gamelan Music: Patalon Multicultural Influences in Contemporary Society LG 91 György Ligeti s Etudes for Piano Music from East Africa LG 92 Ensiriba ya munange Katego Bright Sheng and the Meeting of Musical Cultures LG 93 China Dreams: Prelude Springs CP 22 Improvisation as Compositional Process An Introduction to Chinese Traditional Music LG 94 Abing s The Moon Reflected on the Second Chapter 86 Music for Films 638 The Role of Music in Film Music in the Silent Film Era The Sound Era Segei Prokofiev: His Life and Music LG 95 Prokofiev: Alexander Nevsky, Seventh Movement The Postwar Years Beyond Star Wars LG 96 John Williams: Raiders March, from Raiders of the Lost Ark Chapter 87 Technology and Music 652 The Technological Revolution Important Figures in Electronic Music Tod Machover and Musical Interactivity CP 23 Musical Interactivity LG 97 Machover: Hyperstring Trilogy: Begin Again Again... Chapter 88 Some Current Trends 663 Minimalism and Post-Minimalism Arvo Pärt and Spiritual Minimalism LG 98 Cantate Domino canticum novum John Adams and Post-Minimalism LG 99 Tromba lontana The New Romaticism Libby Larsen and the Voice of Women LG 100 Sonnets from the Portuguese Coda 677

11 Appendices I. Musical Notation A-1 II. Glossary A-6 Credits 00 Index 00 World Map 00