On the Ontological Basis for Logical Metonymy:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "On the Ontological Basis for Logical Metonymy:"

Transcription

1 Page 1: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. On the Ontological Basis for : Telic Roles and WORDNET Sandiway Fong NEC Research Institute Princeton NJ USA Eventive verb enjoy: Mary enjoyed the party Mary enjoyed dancing at the party enjoy: [ NP/S EVENT] cf. begin, refuse, finish,... sandiway@research.nj.nec.com Page 2: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Eventive verb enjoy: Eventive verb enjoy: Mary enjoyed the sonata Mary enjoyed the sonata (listen to/play) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the sonata ] Mary enjoyed listening to the sonata Mary enjoyed playing the sonata Page 3: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 4: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

2 Page 5: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Eventive verb enjoy: Eventive verb enjoy: Mary enjoyed the sonata (listen to/play) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the sonata ] Mary enjoyed listening to the sonata Mary enjoyed playing the sonata #Mary enjoyed the door Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the door ] Mary enjoyed the sonata (listen to/play) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the sonata ] Mary enjoyed listening to the sonata Mary enjoyed playing the sonata #Mary enjoyed the door (?? telic role) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the door ] Page 6: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. WordNet What is it? Synonym set (synset) network for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs Synsets connected by semantic relations (isa, antonymy,...) 139,000 entries (word senses), 10,000 verbs (polysemy 2), 20,000 adjectives (1.5) Originally designed as a model of human semantic memory (Miller, 1985) WordNet What is it? Synonym set (synset) network for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs Synsets connected by semantic relations (isa, antonymy,...) 139,000 entries (word senses), 10,000 verbs (polysemy 2), 20,000 adjectives (1.5) Originally designed as a model of human semantic memory (Miller, 1985) conveyance, transport motor vehicle,... ski tow, ski lift car, auto, motorcar,... go-cart convertible jeep limo hypernymy (isa) Page 7: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 8: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

3 Page 9: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. WordNet WORDNET Relations What is it? Synonym set (synset) network for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs Synsets connected by semantic relations (isa, antonymy,...) 139,000 entries (word senses), 10,000 verbs (polysemy 2), 20,000 adjectives (1.5) Originally designed as a model of human semantic memory (Miller, 1985) change, alter Verbs connect, link, tie better, improve, amend,... join, conjoin mend, repair, fix, doctor,... patch, piece hypernymy (isa) Relation Description Example x HYP y y is a hypernym of x x: repair, y: improve x ENT y x entails y x: breathe, y: inhale x SIM y y is similar to x (A) x: achromatic, y: white x CS y y is a cause of x x: anesthetize, y: sleep x VGP y y is similar to x (V) x: behave, y: pretend x ANT y x and y are antonyms x: present, y: absent x SA y x, see also y x: breathe, y: breathe out x PPL y x participle of y x: applied, y: apply x PER y x pertains to y x: abaxial, y: axial Page 10: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. WORDNET Relations Hypernymy and From the literature: Relation Description Example x HYP y y is a hypernym of x x: repair, y: improve x ENT y x entails y x: breathe, y: inhale x SIM y y is similar to x (A) x: achromatic, y: white x CS y y is a cause of x x: anesthetize, y: sleep x VGP y y is similar to x (V) x: behave, y: pretend x ANT y x and y are antonyms x: present, y: absent (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus: tell STORY eat FOOD/MEAL drink LIQUID tell STORY play MUSIC read/write WRITTEN_OBJECT x SA y x, see also y x: breathe, y: breathe out x PPL y x participle of y x: applied, y: apply x PER y x pertains to y x: abaxial, y: axial Page 11: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 12: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

4 Page 13: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Hypernymy and From the literature: (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Inheritance hierarchy : eventuality represent-art: perceive visual-rep: watch literature: read film dictionary: refer book Hypernymy and From the literature: (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Inheritance hierarchy (Asher & Pustejovsky): Logic of type constructors a) p see: objects with extension typically visible b) p hear: objects involving sound typically audible c) all s inherit a general dependent type that gives their cause d) wine: liquid T drink e) class: people T teach Page 14: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Hypernymy and From the literature: (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Inheritance hierarchy (Asher & Pustejovsky): Logic of type constructors Begin and Enjoy Pustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997): John began the novel The author began his unfinished novel back in 1962 Basic Idea: Use WordNet s concept hierarchy Test a bunch of worked examples Locus of telic roles should be in ontological not lexical structure Page 15: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 16: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

5 Page 17: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Begin and Enjoy Pustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997): John began the novel (reading/writing) The author began his unfinished novel back in 1962 (writing) Begin and Enjoy Pustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997): John began the novel (reading/writing) The author began the unfinished novel back in 1962 (writing) novel: telic role: read (purpose/function) agentive role: writing (creation) event/non-eventive noun mismatch: coercion Page 18: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Begin and Enjoy Multiple Telic Roles Pustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997): John began the novel (reading/writing) The author began the unfinished novel back in 1962 (writing) Mary enjoyed the novel!!the visitor enjoyed the door Mary enjoyed the garden (reading) (?telic role) (seeing...) Mary enjoyed the garden (seeing) Mary enjoyed inspecting the garden Mary enjoyed visiting the garden Mary enjoyed strolling through the garden Mary enjoyed rollerblading in the garden Mary enjoyed sitting in the garden Mary enjoyed dozing in the garden Page 19: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 20: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

6 Page 21: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Discourse and Telic Roles Discourse and Telic Roles Easily defeasible: Easily defeasible: He really enjoyed your book (reading) My goat eats anything. He really enjoyed your book!he enjoyed your shoe (reading) (eating) (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Page 22: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Discourse and Telic Roles WordNet and Telic Roles Easily defeasible: John enjoyed the cigarette (smoking) My goat eats anything. He really enjoyed your book (reading) (eating) (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) cigarette, butt, fag, coffin nail smoke smoke My dog eats everything.!he really enjoyed your shoe (eating) plant product tobacco street drug substance Page 23: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 24: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

7 Page 25: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Contextual Function Search Rules Principle of Specificity: Prefer R i to R j in Contextual Function Search Rules Principle of Specificity: Prefer R i to R j in R i R j R i R j C... C... i C j C... C... i C j Override possible but requires strong contextual support Principle of Locality: Plausibility of R i scales with m and inversely with l R i Principle of Locality: Plausibility of R i scales with m and inversely with l R i C... C i... l m C T C... C i... l m C T Page 26: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Telic/Agentive Roles Mary enjoyed/began the sonata Noun/Verb Hierarchies Mary enjoyed/began the sonata sonata classical music sonata classical music music perform listen to compose, write music perform listen to make, Page 27: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 28: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

8 Page 29: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Location Absence of Function Mary enjoyed the garden (seeing/visiting)!john enjoyed the rock (?telic role) garden rock plot yard natural object tract location visit, see Note: rock not characterized as a location (cf. garden) Mary enjoyed Ayer s Rock (visiting) Page 30: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Type/Function Distinction Type/Function Distinction Mary enjoyed the wine (drinking) Mary enjoyed the amphetamine (abuse) wine wine alcoholic beverage alcoholic beverage amphetamine, pep pill, upper drink liquid drink food drug of abuse drug (ab)use drink liquid drink food drug of abuse (ab)use drug stimulant substance substance Page 31: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 32: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

9 Page 33: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.!John enjoyed the dirt Polysemy Grammatical Constraint!!John enjoyed the door dirt door movable barrier entrance enter earth body waste material gossip report hear read block barrier obstruction access way substance speech act act Page 34: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Grammatical Constraint Grammatical Constraint!!John enjoyed the door EXP enjoy NP EXP i enjoy [PRO i [V(ing) NP]]!!John enjoyed the door EXP enjoy NP EXP i enjoy [PRO i [V(ing) NP]] door door movable barrier entrance enter movable barrier entrance enter block barrier access block barrier access x enter y obstruction way x block y obstruction way Page 35: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 36: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

10 Page 37: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Grammatical Constraint Grammatical Constraint!He enjoyed your shoe [PRO [V(ing) shoe]]!he enjoyed your shoe [PRO [V(ing) shoe]] shoe foot covering shoe [shoe [cover(ing) foot]] footwear wear [PRO [wear(ing) shoe]] footwear wear [PRO [wear(ing) shoe]] covering cover [shoe [cover(ing) y]] covering cover [shoe [cover(ing) y]] Page 38: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Corpus Data (Verspoor, 1997): BNC (> 100 million words) Infrequent Corpus No. of examples BNC 164 LOB 3 Limited number of semantic classes telic begin tell STORY 20 eat FOOD/MEAL 11 sing SONG 9 serve (jail) sentence 8 play MUSIC 7.5 do business 6 take MEDICINE/TREATMENT 5 play GAME 4 attend SCHOOL/CLASSES 4 argue CASE 3 read WRITTEN_OBJECT 2.5 Page 39: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Page 40: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

11 Page 41: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Summary Summary Linguistic phenomena as benchtests for WordNet relations Hypernymy: Linguistic phenomena as benchtests for WordNet relations Hypernymy: WORDNET Telic role annotation? Should be easy to do: (1) Limited in scope: only 164 instances in the BNC, and (2) Limited to 20 (semantic) categories of nouns Fall into natural classes, headed by higher concepts: FOOD/MEAL, MUSIC, LITERATURE. Take advantage of the hypernymy hierarchy and annotate only higher concepts. Page 42: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.

Semantic Analysis in Language Technology

Semantic Analysis in Language Technology Spring 2017 Semantic Analysis in Language Technology Word Senses Gintare Grigonyte gintare@ling.su.se Department of Linguistics Stockholm University, Sweden Acknowledgements Most slides borrowed from:

More information

Introduction to WordNet, HowNet, FrameNet and ConceptNet

Introduction to WordNet, HowNet, FrameNet and ConceptNet Introduction to WordNet, HowNet, FrameNet and ConceptNet Zi Lin the Department of Chinese Language and Literature August 31, 2017 Zi Lin (PKU) Intro to Ontologies August 31, 2017 1 / 25 WordNet Begun in

More information

VERB PATTERNS. Verb + Ving (avoid speaking) Verb + to inf (learn to speak) Verb + inf (I would rather speak)

VERB PATTERNS. Verb + Ving (avoid speaking) Verb + to inf (learn to speak) Verb + inf (I would rather speak) VERB PATTERNS Verb + Ving (avoid speaking) Verb + to inf (learn to speak) Verb + inf (I would rather speak) GERUND, present participle or ing form Use Ving: As the subject of a sentence Smoking is bad

More information

Metonymy Determining the Type of the Direct Object

Metonymy Determining the Type of the Direct Object Metonymy Determining the Type of the Direct Object Josefien Sweep (J.Sweep@uva.nl / josefien.sweep@inl.nl) ACLC at the University of Amsterdam, Spuistraat 210 Amsterdam, 1012 VT, Netherlands INL (Institute

More information

Target Vocabulary (Underlining indicates a word or word form from the Academic Word

Target Vocabulary (Underlining indicates a word or word form from the Academic Word Chapter 7 Target Vocabulary (Underlining indicates a word or word form from the Academic Word List) arrange v.: to put things in a particular position or order assure v.: to tell someone that something

More information

Healthy Youth Survey C 2004

Healthy Youth Survey C 2004 Healthy Youth Survey C 2004 We are asking you to take part in this survey about issues facing students in communities in Washington. The questions in this survey ask for your opinions about yourself, your

More information

Lecture 13: Chapter 10: Semantics

Lecture 13: Chapter 10: Semantics Lecture 13: Chapter 10: Semantics Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321 Semantics Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. Conceptual & associative

More information

Ontology and Taxonomy. Computational Linguistics Emory University Jinho D. Choi

Ontology and Taxonomy. Computational Linguistics Emory University Jinho D. Choi Ontology and Taxonomy Computational Linguistics Emory University Jinho D. Choi Ontology Nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Types,

More information

Word Meaning and Similarity

Word Meaning and Similarity Word Meaning and Similarity Word Senses and Word Relations Slides are adapted from Dan Jurafsky Reminder: lemma and wordform A lemma or citation form Same stem, part of speech, rough semantics A wordform

More information

Unit 3 Gerund, Participle, Infinitive

Unit 3 Gerund, Participle, Infinitive English Two Unit 3 Gerund, Participle, Infinitive Objectives After the completion of this unit, you would be able to explain the uses and functions of non-finite verbs. use non-finite verbs for communication.

More information

Language and Inference

Language and Inference Language and Inference Day 5: Inference in the Real World Johan Bos johan.bos@rug.nl Semantic Analysis Pipeline tokenisation tokenised text POS-tagging parts of speech NE-tagging named entities parsing

More information

SPEAKING TASK. If you can t remember the word surgeon, you could say a more general word like doctor. GENERAL: DON TS

SPEAKING TASK. If you can t remember the word surgeon, you could say a more general word like doctor. GENERAL: DON TS SPEAKING TASK TIPS GENERAL: Breathe and relax. You have now the chance to shine! Speak as naturally as possible, as at any other day in class. Always try to give full, relevant answers. Do not restrict

More information

Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics Class 4 Semantic Relations and Semantic Features

Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics Class 4 Semantic Relations and Semantic Features Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics Class 4 Semantic Relations and Semantic Features Dylan Glynn dsg.up8@gmail.com Revision - Polysemy Linguistic Test Exercise In Groups, take the lexeme run in English

More information

EPISODE 26: GIVING ADVICE. Giving Advice Here are several language choices for the language function giving advice.

EPISODE 26: GIVING ADVICE. Giving Advice Here are several language choices for the language function giving advice. STUDY NOTES EPISODE 26: GIVING ADVICE Giving Advice The language function, giving advice is very useful in IELTS, both in the Writing and the Speaking Tests, as well of course in everyday English. In the

More information

Chapter 9: Semantics. LANE 321 Content adapted from Yule (2010) Copyright 2014 Haifa Alroqi

Chapter 9: Semantics. LANE 321 Content adapted from Yule (2010) Copyright 2014 Haifa Alroqi Chapter 9: Semantics LANE 321 Content adapted from Yule (2010) Copyright 2014 Haifa Alroqi Semantics What is Semantics? Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. Meaning When

More information

organise (dis- is a prefix and ed is a suffix.) What is the root word in disorganised?

organise (dis- is a prefix and ed is a suffix.) What is the root word in disorganised? Root Words What is the root word in disorganised? Root Words organise (dis- is a prefix and ed is a suffix.) 1 1 Prefixes Add a prefix to the word changed to make a word that means not changed. Prefixes

More information

Name Date Class. Andrea Kittelson The Newcomer Notebook All rights reserved.

Name Date Class. Andrea Kittelson The Newcomer Notebook All rights reserved. Name Date Class Secondary English Quiz IV On a Scantron, bubble-in the correct answer for each of the following questions. 1. The meaning of the word metaphor is: A. a comparison between two different

More information

What are meanings? What do linguistic expressions stand for or denote?

What are meanings? What do linguistic expressions stand for or denote? Meaning relations What are meanings? What do linguistic expressions stand for or denote? Declarative sentences: To know the meaning of a declarative sentence is to know the situations it is describing

More information

BBC LEARNING ENGLISH 6 Minute Grammar Present tenses

BBC LEARNING ENGLISH 6 Minute Grammar Present tenses BBC LEARNING ENGLISH 6 Minute Grammar Present tenses This is not a word-for-word transcript Hello and welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me,. And me,. Hello. In this programme we're talking about present

More information

WordFinder. Verginica Barbu Mititelu RACAI / 13 Calea 13 Septembrie, Bucharest, Romania

WordFinder. Verginica Barbu Mititelu RACAI / 13 Calea 13 Septembrie, Bucharest, Romania WordFinder Catalin Mititelu Stefanini / 6A Dimitrie Pompei Bd, Bucharest, Romania catalinmititelu@yahoo.com Verginica Barbu Mititelu RACAI / 13 Calea 13 Septembrie, Bucharest, Romania vergi@racai.ro Abstract

More information

Answers to exercises

Answers to exercises Answers to exercises Chapter 7 Exercise 1 (task and answers) Analyse the following sentences in terms of sentence functions: S P Od P Od 1. Grandmother wants [to do the shopping]. S P Od Co P Od 2. Grandmother

More information

Sentences and prediction Jonathan R. Brennan. Introduction to Neurolinguistics, LSA2017 1

Sentences and prediction Jonathan R. Brennan. Introduction to Neurolinguistics, LSA2017 1 Sentences and prediction Jonathan R. Brennan Introduction to Neurolinguistics, LSA2017 1 Grant et al. 2004 2 3 ! Agenda»! Incremental prediction in sentence comprehension and the N400» What information

More information

Contents. sample. Unit Page Enrichment. 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive...

Contents. sample. Unit Page Enrichment. 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive... Contents 6A Unit Page Enrichment 1 Conditional Sentences (1): If will... 2 38 2 Noun Suffixes... 4 * 3 Infinitives (1): to-infinitive... 6 * 4 Conjunctions(1): so that, because... 8 * 5 Relative Pronouns...

More information

Sentence Processing. BCS 152 October

Sentence Processing. BCS 152 October Sentence Processing BCS 152 October 29 2018 Homework 3 Reminder!!! Due Wednesday, October 31 st at 11:59pm Conduct 2 experiments on word recognition on your friends! Read instructions carefully & submit

More information

Unit Topic and Functions Language Skills Text types 1 Found Describing photos and

Unit Topic and Functions Language Skills Text types 1 Found Describing photos and Mòdul 5A Unit Topic and Functions Language Skills Text types 1 Found Describing photos and Photos hobbies Talk about photos and describe who and what appears in them Make deductions going on what you can

More information

Lexical Semantics. Thesaurus-based. ree years apart, we can see a clear shift in popularity

Lexical Semantics. Thesaurus-based. ree years apart, we can see a clear shift in popularity Lexical Semantics Thesaurus-based ree years apart, we can see a clear shift in popularity 1 Word Senses and Relations Homonymy, Polysemy, Synonymy, and more Online Resources Thesaurus methods for word

More information

LA CAFÉ. 25 August Could I designate a person to set ipad timer for 9:50 every Monday 8A and 10:42 8B?

LA CAFÉ. 25 August Could I designate a person to set ipad timer for 9:50 every Monday 8A and 10:42 8B? LA CAFÉ 25 August 2014 Could I designate a person to set ipad timer for 9:50 every Monday 8A and 10:42 8B? Appetizer: DGP Week 3 Monday Please identify parts of speech including nouns (be as specific as

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Free resource from Commercial redistribution prohibited. Language Smarts TM Level D.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Free resource from   Commercial redistribution prohibited. Language Smarts TM Level D. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Authors... ii Standards... vi About This Book... vii Syllables...1 Consonant Blends...6 Consonant Digraphs...12 Long and Short Vowels...18 Silent e...23 R-Controlled

More information

10 Common Grammatical Errors and How to Fix Them

10 Common Grammatical Errors and How to Fix Them 10 Common Grammatical Errors and How to Fix Them 1. Agreement Errors The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular vs. plural) and person (first, second, or third person). Pronouns

More information

Code No. : Sub. Code : R 2 EN 21/

Code No. : Sub. Code : R 2 EN 21/ Reg. No. : Sub. Code : R 2 EN 21/ B 2 EN 21 U.G. (CBCS) DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2014. Second Semester Part II English Paper II PROSE, ONE ACT PLAYS, GRAMMAR AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS (For those who joined

More information

Tinnitus can be helped. Let us help you.

Tinnitus can be helped. Let us help you. What a relief. Tinnitus can be helped. Let us help you. What is tinnitus? Around 250 million people worldwide suffer Tinnitus is the perception of sounds or noise within the ears with no external sound

More information

Grammar Reteaching Prepositional Phrases

Grammar Reteaching Prepositional Phrases 12.1 Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or a pronoun (the object of the preposition). This exercise provides a

More information

Meaning 1. Semantics is concerned with the literal meaning of sentences of a language.

Meaning 1. Semantics is concerned with the literal meaning of sentences of a language. Meaning 1 Semantics is concerned with the literal meaning of sentences of a language. Pragmatics is concerned with what people communicate using the sentences of the language, the speaker s meaning. 1

More information

ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives. Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018

ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives. Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018 ESL 340: Gerunds/Infinitives Week 5, Tue. 2/13/18 Todd Windisch, Spring 2018 Speaking Practice With a partner, the teacher will give you two pieces of paper (STUDENT A & STUDENT B) with different questions

More information

The semiotic triangle. Componential Analysis. Lexical fields. Words. (Lexical) semantic relations. Componential Analysis. Semantics.

The semiotic triangle. Componential Analysis. Lexical fields. Words. (Lexical) semantic relations. Componential Analysis. Semantics. The semiotic triangle emantics meaning Componential Analysis linguistic sign object in world referent Words Lexical fields optimistic cow van pessimistic bus sane optimistic sane pessimistic cow horse

More information

HFCC Learning Lab Comprehension B2.01 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC. What is the difference between GENERAL and SPECIFIC?

HFCC Learning Lab Comprehension B2.01 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC. What is the difference between GENERAL and SPECIFIC? HFCC Learning Lab Comprehension B2.01 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC What is the difference between GENERAL and SPECIFIC? General words are found in large works DICTIONARY SYNONYMS Broad Universal Collective Ordinary

More information

Handouts to Teach Theme & Imagery Included! Comprehension Questions & Open-Ended Response Questions Included!

Handouts to Teach Theme & Imagery Included! Comprehension Questions & Open-Ended Response Questions Included! Handouts to Teach Theme & Imagery Included! Comprehension Questions & Open-Ended Response Questions Included! 1 Included in this teaching unit A pre-reading activity A suggested journal entry is provided

More information

UVA Drama Department Rehearsal and Performance Guidelines

UVA Drama Department Rehearsal and Performance Guidelines UVA Drama Department Rehearsal and Performance Guidelines For all Actors, Crew Members, Designers and Stage Managers All actors release use of their image in photo or video format for UVA Drama publicity

More information

An HPSG Account of Depictive Secondary Predicates and Free Adjuncts: A Problem for the Adjuncts-as-Complements Approach

An HPSG Account of Depictive Secondary Predicates and Free Adjuncts: A Problem for the Adjuncts-as-Complements Approach An HPSG Account of Depictive Secondary Predicates and Free Adjuncts: A Problem for the Adjuncts-as-Complements Approach Hyeyeon Lee (Seoul National University) Lee, Hyeyeon. 2014. An HPSG Account of Depictive

More information

Regular Polysemy in WordNet and Pattern based Approach

Regular Polysemy in WordNet and Pattern based Approach 199 Regular Polysemy in WordNet and Pattern based Approach Abed Alhakim Freihat, Fausto Giunchiglia Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento, Trento, Italy e-mail: {fraihat,fausto}@disi.unitn.it

More information

questions SUITCASE LADY

questions SUITCASE LADY questions SUITCASE LADY CONTENT + MEANING Choose the best answer. Some answers may have more than one good answer, but only one is the best. 1. The author, in paragraphs 1-2, describes the Vicomtesse as

More information

Compound Noun Polysemy and Sense Enumeration in WordNet

Compound Noun Polysemy and Sense Enumeration in WordNet Compound Noun Polysemy and Sense Enumeration in WordNet Abed Alhakim Freihat Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento, Trento, Italy Email: fraihat@disi.unitn.it Biswanath

More information

Denise and Lisa are chatting over the phone. Listen to their conversation and answer the question that follows about the main idea.

Denise and Lisa are chatting over the phone. Listen to their conversation and answer the question that follows about the main idea. Level: Upper Intermediate Lesson: 22 Title: Movies Summary: Denise and Lisa are chatting over the phone about going to the movies. Denise and Lisa are chatting over the phone. Listen to their conversation

More information

Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes)

Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes) Main Topic 15: Travel Lesson 79: Land Transport (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to LAND TRANSPORT. 2. Review Gerund Phrases. I. VOCABULARY Exercise 1: What s the meaning?

More information

HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT PRIMARY

HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT PRIMARY HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT PRIMARY YEAR TWO NAME:... CREATIVE ARTS Draw a waste bin inside your drawing book. QUANTITATIVE REASONING Sample; ½ of 10 = 10/2 = 5 1. ½ of 20 2. ¼ of 16 = 3. 1/5 of 55 = 4. 1/6 of

More information

Get ready 1 Talk about the pictures

Get ready 1 Talk about the pictures Lesson A 1 Get ready 1 Talk about the pictures A What do you see? B What is happening? C What s the story? 2 SELF-STUDY SELF-STUDY 2 Listening A Listen and answer the questions 1 Who are the speakers?

More information

Content. Learning Outcomes

Content. Learning Outcomes Inversions GRAMMAR Content In this lesson, you will learn about inversions. When we use limiting adverbials or a negative adverbial, the subject and the auxiliary verb are inverted. We can use limiting

More information

arxiv: v1 [cs.cl] 24 Oct 2017

arxiv: v1 [cs.cl] 24 Oct 2017 Instituto Politécnico - Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro Nova Friburgo - RJ A SIMPLE TEXT ANALYTICS MODEL TO ASSIST LITERARY CRITICISM: COMPARATIVE APPROACH AND EXAMPLE ON JAMES JOYCE AGAINST SHAKESPEARE

More information

THE "HEAVENS OF COPERNICUS" PLANETARIUM VISITOR REGULATIONS

THE HEAVENS OF COPERNICUS PLANETARIUM VISITOR REGULATIONS THE "HEAVENS OF COPERNICUS" PLANETARIUM VISITOR REGULATIONS 1 The "Heavens of Copernicus" Planetarium 1. One of the attractions of the Copernicus Science Centre is the "Heavens of Copernicus" Planetarium

More information

The metonymy of logical metonymy

The metonymy of logical metonymy The metonymy of logical metonymy analyzing real language data What is logical metonymy? Mary began the book Mary began reading (/writing) Mary finished the book Mary finished reading (/writing) John enjoyed

More information

THE PASSIVE VOICE A) FORMATION

THE PASSIVE VOICE A) FORMATION THE PASSIVE VOICE A) FORMATION ACTIVE PASSIVE PRESENT SIMPLE They eat it It is eaten PRESENT CONTINUOUS They are eating it It is being eaten WILL They eat it It be eaten PAST SIMPLE They ate it It was

More information

Key - Worksheet 3 Linguistics Eng B

Key - Worksheet 3 Linguistics Eng B Key - Worksheet 3 Linguistics Eng B yntax, semantics, and pragmatics 1. Draw tree diagrams and provide rewrite rules for the following: a. The boy devoured the sandwich. P V P The boys devoured the sandwich

More information

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. original English, defines grammar as the following: Grammar is the rules that

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. original English, defines grammar as the following: Grammar is the rules that 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Gerund Michael Swan (2005:19), a linguist who is more likely to pay attention to the original English, defines grammar as the following: Grammar is the

More information

to + the simple form of the verb to see to read Verb + ing = Gerund read- reading Verbs Followed by Gerunds I enjoy reading.

to + the simple form of the verb to see to read Verb + ing = Gerund read- reading Verbs Followed by Gerunds I enjoy reading. G E R U N D S I N F I N I T I V E S Verb + ing = Gerund read- reading Gerunds act as nouns - Swimming has always been her favorite hobby. - Reading is her strength. Verbs Followed by Gerunds I enjoy reading.

More information

Teaching language for communication: an action- oriented approach

Teaching language for communication: an action- oriented approach Teaching language for communication: an action- oriented approach Mark Hancock For video of authors Mark Hancock and Annie McDonald explaining principles behind course book English Result, see: http://www.oupeltpromo.com/englishresult/

More information

GERUND & INFINITIVE. Compiled by: Catharina Awang Wara Kinanthi S.Pd.

GERUND & INFINITIVE. Compiled by: Catharina Awang Wara Kinanthi S.Pd. GERUND & INFINITIVE Compiled by: Catharina Awang Wara Kinanthi S.Pd. A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject,

More information

They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.) They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.) They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed) Welcome to the Purdue OWL This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue (https://owl.english.purdue.edu/). When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice at bottom. Contributors:Purdue

More information

XSEED Summative Assessment Test 1. English, Test 1. XSEED Education English Grade 5 1

XSEED Summative Assessment Test 1. English, Test 1. XSEED Education English Grade 5 1 5 English, Test PART I Short Answer Questions 30 Marks. Assign marks for each correct answer. 6 = 3 A. skylark B. frantic C. tumbling D. budge E. commotion F. owe 2. Assign marks as per the given criteria.

More information

CIDOC CRM A High Level Overview of the Model. George Bruseker ICS-FORTH CIDOC 2017 Tblisi, Georgia 25/09/2017

CIDOC CRM A High Level Overview of the Model. George Bruseker ICS-FORTH CIDOC 2017 Tblisi, Georgia 25/09/2017 CIDOC CRM A High Level Overview of the Model George Bruseker ICS-FORTH CIDOC 2017 Tblisi, Georgia 25/09/2017 The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Developed by the CRM Special Interest Group of the International

More information

Semantics. Philipp Koehn. 16 November 2017

Semantics. Philipp Koehn. 16 November 2017 Semantics Philipp Koehn 16 November 2017 Meaning 1 The grand goal of artificial intelligence machines that do not mindlessly process data... but that ultimately understand its meaning But what is meaning?

More information

Alice in Wonderland. Great Illustrated Classics Reading Comprehension Worksheets. Sample file

Alice in Wonderland. Great Illustrated Classics Reading Comprehension Worksheets. Sample file Alice in Wonderland Great Illustrated Classics s Alice follows a rabbit into a rabbit hole and goes on to the oddest adventures a little girl has ever had. Meet some of the most unusual and whimsical characters

More information

What Clauses. Compare the following sentences. We gave them some home-made ice cream. What we gave them was some home-made ice cream.

What Clauses. Compare the following sentences. We gave them some home-made ice cream. What we gave them was some home-made ice cream. What Clauses What clauses is a part of a noun clause. It is used as a subject or an object of the sentence. For example: What he said was interesting. What he said is a noun clause. It is used as the subject

More information

(1 point) (1 point) 4. Decide whether the sentence below contains a misplaced and/or dangling modifier or no error. (1 point)

(1 point) (1 point) 4. Decide whether the sentence below contains a misplaced and/or dangling modifier or no error. (1 point) Voices of Modernism (1920s 1940s) Unit Test Frank Gjurashaj is taking this assessment. Multiple Choice 1. A(n) is a verb form that ends in -ing or -ed. participle adjective pronoun adverb 2. Identify the

More information

English Language Lesson two Dr. S. Fiala

English Language Lesson two Dr. S. Fiala Grammar Verbs and tenses Past simple (actions that took place in the past and are completed) (~ed for regular verbs, irregular verbs change) Present simple (~s/ ~es for he/ she/ it) Future (actions that

More information

Quiz 4 Practice. I. Writing Narrative Essay. Write a few sentences to accurately answer these questions.

Quiz 4 Practice. I. Writing Narrative Essay. Write a few sentences to accurately answer these questions. Writing 6 Name: Quiz 4 Practice I. Writing Narrative Essay. Write a few sentences to accurately answer these questions. 1. What is the goal of a narrative essay? 2. What makes a good topic? (What helps

More information

Shakespeare s Rose Theatre at Blenheim Palace FAQ

Shakespeare s Rose Theatre at Blenheim Palace FAQ Shakespeare s Rose Theatre at Blenheim Palace FAQ General Questions What is the address of Shakespeare s Rose Theatre? Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, OX20 1UL What plays are being performed?

More information

The Visual Denotations of Sentences. Julia Hockenmaier with Peter Young and Micah Hodosh University of Illinois

The Visual Denotations of Sentences. Julia Hockenmaier with Peter Young and Micah Hodosh University of Illinois The Visual Denotations of Sentences Julia Hockenmaier with Peter Young and Micah Hodosh juliahmr@illinois.edu University of Illinois Sentence-Based Image Description and Search Hodosh, Young, Hockenmaier,

More information

SyncGen. User s Manual

SyncGen. User s Manual SyncGen User s Manual 1 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTION READ FIRST This symbol, whenever it appears, alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside the enclosure-voltage that may be sufficient

More information

Language at work Present simple

Language at work Present simple Unit 1 Language at work Present simple Present simple Positive: Add -s or -es after the verb with he / she / it. I / you / we / they specialize in Latin American music. He / She / It specializes in high-tech

More information

Helping Metonymy Recognition and Treatment through Named Entity Recognition

Helping Metonymy Recognition and Treatment through Named Entity Recognition Helping Metonymy Recognition and Treatment through Named Entity Recognition H.BURCU KUPELIOGLU Graduate School of Science and Engineering Galatasaray University Ciragan Cad. No: 36 34349 Ortakoy/Istanbul

More information

Krishna in a Boat bee noun A flying insect that makes honey, e.g. I got stung by a bee; Bees collect pollen from flowers and use it to make honey.

Krishna in a Boat bee noun A flying insect that makes honey, e.g. I got stung by a bee; Bees collect pollen from flowers and use it to make honey. Krishna in a Boat bee A flying insect that makes honey, e.g. I got stung by a bee; Bees collect pollen from flowers and use it to make honey. wee Small, little, tiny e.g. A wee little cake; He is just

More information

A picture of the grammar. Sense and Reference. A picture of the grammar. A revised picture. Foundations of Semantics LING 130 James Pustejovsky

A picture of the grammar. Sense and Reference. A picture of the grammar. A revised picture. Foundations of Semantics LING 130 James Pustejovsky A picture of the grammar Sense and Reference Foundations of Semantics LING 130 James Pustejovsky Thanks to Dan Wedgewood of U. Edinburgh for use of some slides grammar context SYNTAX SEMANTICS PRAGMATICS

More information

Contents. pg pg pg Countable, Uncountable Nouns. pg pg pg pg pg Practice Test 1. pg.

Contents. pg pg pg Countable, Uncountable Nouns. pg pg pg pg pg Practice Test 1. pg. Contents Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Chapter 10: Chapter 11: Chapter 12: Chapter 13: Chapter 14: Chapter 15: Chapter 16: Chapter 17:

More information

Lexical Semantics: Sense, Referent, Prototype. Sentential Semantics (phrasal, clausal meaning)

Lexical Semantics: Sense, Referent, Prototype. Sentential Semantics (phrasal, clausal meaning) Lexical Semantics: Sense, Referent, Prototype 1. Semantics Lexical Semantics (word meaning) Sentential Semantics (phrasal, clausal meaning) 2. A word is different from its meaning The three phonemes in

More information

Polysemy and co-predication. For: Glossa: A journal of general linguistics

Polysemy and co-predication. For: Glossa: A journal of general linguistics Polysemy and co-predication For: Glossa: A journal of general linguistics Marina Ortega Andrés & Agustín Vicente 1 Abstract Many word forms in natural language are polysemous, but only some of them allow

More information

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. word some special aspect of our human experience. It is usually set down

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. word some special aspect of our human experience. It is usually set down 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Literature Moody (1968:2) says literature springs from our inborn love of telling story, of arranging words in pleasing patterns, of expressing in word

More information

Functions of a Gerund

Functions of a Gerund Verbals Functions of a Gerund A gerund is a verb form that acts as a noun. Example: Baking is something she loves to do. Baking is a gerund; it is a form of the verb to bake. In the example baking is used

More information

Contents. 02 Where in the. 03 Testing times. 04 Modern romance. 05 Looking good! 06 Nice work. 07 Food for thought.

Contents. 02 Where in the. 03 Testing times. 04 Modern romance. 05 Looking good! 06 Nice work. 07 Food for thought. Contents Unit 0 Home from home Page 0 Where in the world? Page Review 0 Page 0 Testing times Page 0 0 Modern romance Page Review 0 Page 05 Looking good! Page 0 Nice work Page 0 Review 0 Page 0 Food for

More information

Six. Unit. What does he do? Target Language. What does he do?

Six. Unit. What does he do? Target Language. What does he do? Unit Six What does he do? Target Language What does he do? He is a teacher. He teaches English five days a week at a language school. He uses the subway to commute to work. NOUNS language

More information

All Printables for February 4, 2013

All Printables for February 4, 2013 All Printables for February 4, 2013 Name: Test Your Knowledge Answer these questions about Flying Solo. Fill in the bubble next to the best answer for each question. Reading- Comprehension Test Prep Flying

More information

Identifying functions of citations with CiTalO

Identifying functions of citations with CiTalO Identifying functions of citations with CiTalO Angelo Di Iorio 1, Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese 1,2, and Silvio Peroni 1,2 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna (Italy) 2

More information

By Mrs. Paula McMullen Library Teacher Norwood Public Schools

By Mrs. Paula McMullen Library Teacher Norwood Public Schools By Mrs. Paula McMullen Library Teacher A reference resource helps us to find answers to information questions. These questions may be about words, subjects, places in the world, or current topics. Some

More information

The Hunchback in the Park

The Hunchback in the Park The Hunchback in the Park Quasimodo What do you think of this image? What personality traits do you think this character has? Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris How is this image different? What impression do

More information

Connecting European Cultural Diversity: a Case Study on Colour Terms Challenges in a digital lexicographic context

Connecting European Cultural Diversity: a Case Study on Colour Terms Challenges in a digital lexicographic context Connecting European Cultural Diversity: a Case Study on Colour Terms Challenges in a digital lexicographic context Amelie Dorn, Eveline Wandl-Vogt & Thierry Declerck Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities

More information

Hello. I m Q-rex. Target Language. Phone Number :

Hello. I m Q-rex. Target Language. Phone Number : One Hello. I m Q-rex. Target Language In my free time I like playing soccer and listening to music. If I drink coffee, I get a headache. Phone Number : 032-234-5678 LISTENING AND READING 1. Watch your

More information

_GCPS_04_ELA_All_Domains (_GCPS_04_ELA_All_Domains)

_GCPS_04_ELA_All_Domains (_GCPS_04_ELA_All_Domains) Name: Date: 1. Which sentence should be removed from the paragraph? 1 We had a surprise party for Aunt Mary's birthday. 2 We decorated her house with balloons and signs. 3 Mom made a big birthday cake

More information

Autumn Term Syllabus Class 5

Autumn Term Syllabus Class 5 Subject English Creative Writing Particulars Autumn Term Syllabus 2017-18 Class 5 The Ultimate Guide to Mastering Comprehension: Section (1 to 4) [Unit 1-14], Page (1-102). New Essential Grammar Practice:

More information

Eventiveness in Agentive Nominals

Eventiveness in Agentive Nominals GL2007 May 10, 2007 Eventiveness in Agentive Nominals Naoyuki Ono Tohoku University Outline 1. We first review two approaches to the semantics of agentive nominals. Rappaport Hovav and Levin (1992) and

More information

Gerunds: Subject and Object Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão

Gerunds: Subject and Object Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão Gerunds: Subject and Object Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão Running for Office 1 Voting is an important responsibility. Let s discuss improving our schools. I will keep fighting for a new hospital. Running

More information

English Language Arts 600 Unit Lesson Title Lesson Objectives

English Language Arts 600 Unit Lesson Title Lesson Objectives English Language Arts 600 Unit Lesson Title Lesson Objectives 1 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR The Sentence Sentence Types Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Pronouns Prepositions Conjunctions and Interjections Identify

More information

Table of Contents. Defining the Sentence Exploring Four Kinds of Sentences Managing Subject-Verb Agreement... 10

Table of Contents. Defining the Sentence Exploring Four Kinds of Sentences Managing Subject-Verb Agreement... 10 Table of Contents Introduction................................................................. 3 Defining the Sentence... 4 Exploring Four Kinds of Sentences... 6 Discovering Subjects and Verbs.................................................

More information

INFINITIVES, GERUNDS & PRESENT PARTICIPLES

INFINITIVES, GERUNDS & PRESENT PARTICIPLES INFINITIVES, GERUNDS & PRESENT PARTICIPLES Infinitives Form Infinitive Active to see I hope to see you again. He promised not to see the picture. Passive to be seen Such disgusting scenes are not to be

More information

Encyclopedia Brown and the Case of the Slippery Salamander S A L A M A N D E R Activity 1. Puzzle Me 2.

Encyclopedia Brown and the Case of the Slippery Salamander S A L A M A N D E R Activity 1. Puzzle Me 2. Summary and the Case of the Slippery Salamander A salamander has been stolen from the Den of Darkness in the town aquarium., the police chief s son, solves the mystery that has his dad stumped. Activity

More information

Language Arts Study Guide Week 1, 8, 15, 22, 29

Language Arts Study Guide Week 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 Week 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 1. Fact/Opinion Fact- Statement that can be proven. Example- I am in the fourth grade. Opinion- Statement that someone believes to be true. Example: Cats are the best pets. 2. Prefixes/Suffixes-

More information

Weekly Homework A LEVEL

Weekly Homework A LEVEL Weekly Homework SUBJECT: ENGLISH STAGE: PREP 2 A LEVEL Tense Present simple Past simple Present cont. Passive am/is/are+ p.p was/were + p.p am/is/are + being + p.p Examples -He writes the reports every

More information

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE (NSC) GRADE 11 FINAL EXAMINATION ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (NNS-83) DURATION: 2 HOURS DATE: 8 OCTOBER 2012

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE (NSC) GRADE 11 FINAL EXAMINATION ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (NNS-83) DURATION: 2 HOURS DATE: 8 OCTOBER 2012 ENGHIG111 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE (NSC) GRADE 11 FINAL EXAMINATION ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE PAPER 1 (NNS-83) TIME: 09H00 11H00 TOTAL: 80 MARKS DURATION: 2 HOURS DATE: 8 OCTOBER 2012 This question

More information

2 nd Semester 2018 ENGLISH Grade: 3

2 nd Semester 2018 ENGLISH Grade: 3 PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, RIYADH 2 nd Semester 2018 ENGLISH Grade: 3 Name Answer the following _ questions. Revision Work sheet 1. Why was the man nervous and frightened? 2. Who passed Mr. Thomas

More information

On the Road to our 1 st Project! The English language started with letters. Letters formed words, and those words are broken into 8 parts of speech.

On the Road to our 1 st Project! The English language started with letters. Letters formed words, and those words are broken into 8 parts of speech. On the Road to our 1 st Project! The English language started with letters. Letters formed words, and those words are broken into 8 parts of speech. There are 8 parts of speech. Noun Pronoun Adjective

More information

NPCs Have Feelings Too: Verbal Interactions with Emotional Character AI. Gautier Boeda AI Engineer SQUARE ENIX CO., LTD

NPCs Have Feelings Too: Verbal Interactions with Emotional Character AI. Gautier Boeda AI Engineer SQUARE ENIX CO., LTD NPCs Have Feelings Too: Verbal Interactions with Emotional Character AI Gautier Boeda AI Engineer SQUARE ENIX CO., LTD team SQUARE ENIX JAPAN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DIVISION Gautier Boeda Yuta Mizuno Remi

More information

Longman Academic Writing Series 4

Longman Academic Writing Series 4 Writing Objectives Longman Academic Writing Series 4 Chapter Writing Objectives CHAPTER 1: PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE 1 - Identify the parts of a paragraph - Construct an appropriate topic sentence - Support

More information