A. began in New Orleans during 1890s. B. Jazz a mix of African and European traditions. 1. Storyville District w/ Creoles of Color

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Esther Williamson
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African influences: tonal coloration, blues notes, instrumental and vocal phrasing,

2 A. began in New Orleans during 1890s 1. Storyville District w/ Creoles of Color B. Jazz a mix of African and European traditions 1. African influences: tonal coloration, blues notes, instrumental and vocal phrasing, polyrhythm, syncopation and layering 2. European influences: instruments used, harmonic structures, and form 3. best seen as a mixing of blues and ragtime

3 C. Importance of Marching Bands 1. where early jazz musicians learned to play their instruments (ex. trumpets) 2. inspired ragtime and created opportunity for new musicians to learn music

not jazz because it didn t swing and had no improvisation 4.

4 D. Ragtime 1. piano music composed for piano solos 2. caused a sensation of motion / inspired much dancing 3. not jazz because it didn t swing and had no improvisation 4. most notable Scott Joplin s Maple Leaf Rag E. Blues 1. blues is the basis of jazz and Jazz s most important ingredient 2. the blues became popular when Jazz was being created

5 F. Early Figures 1. Buddy Bolden; first to blow jazz in New Orleans a. introduced the Big Four 2. Freddie Keppard had the chance to be first recorded; passed out of fear of being copied

Jelly Roll Morton one of earliest Jazz pianist; said he

6 F. Early Figures 3. The Original Dixieland Jass Band 1 st recorded in 1917 with Livery Stable Blues a. white artist who took sole credit for creating jazz 4. Jelly Roll Morton one of earliest Jazz pianist; said he invented jazz 5. King Joe Oliver important trumpet player who leaves New Orleans and takes his jazz to Chicago; later convinces Louis Armstrong to join him.

7 G. Traditional Jazz 1. Early Jazz music played in New Orleans and other places from 1900 to Music from the South played next in Chicago and then New York throughout the 1920s a. jazz is the music of the Harlem Renaissance

8 A. Prohibition fueled need for jazz musicians to play in speakeasies

9 B. Louis Armstrong revolutionizes Jazz and American music 1. makes jazz a soloist art 2. redefines how to sing (with swinging vocals)

10 C. October 1929 The Great Depression hits 1. a new type of jazz becomes America s music during the Great Depression; Big Band Swing

11 A. the difference between style and format 1. swing is a style 2. big band is a format 3. these terms are not interchangeable and both describe jazz in the 1930s B. big band swing is considered the golden age of American jazz 1. after big band swing, jazz is no longer America s popular music

12 C. Early Big Band Swing acts include Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington 1. increase the number of musicians to over a dozen 2. get rid of tuba and banjo and replace with standup bass and guitar as rhythm instruments 3. new emphasis on the four-to-the-bar beat (increased syncopation) 4. band leaders and written compositions become very important 5. collection of soloists within larger ensemble *6. soloing was restricted from earlier traditional and jazz from the 1920s

D. Big Band Swing hits its high point in 1935 1. Benny Goodman popularized big band swing @ Palomar ballroom in LA a.

starts a youth revolution a. dances such as the Lindy Hop, Jitterbug and Shim Sham b.

13 D. Big Band Swing hits its high point in Benny Goodman popularized big band Palomar ballroom in LA a. immigrant s son, given clarinet to stay out of trouble b. had one of the first racially integrated bands 2. starts a youth revolution a. dances such as the Lindy Hop, Jitterbug and Shim Sham b. helps to relax racial tension in the United States as jazz was accepted by all 3. Benny Goodman, Glen Miller, Artie Shaw and Tommy Dorsey play commercialized swing

14 E. Big Band Swing loses popularity toward end of World War II 1. war rationing caused touring to become too expensive 2. many musicians began to resent commercialized / white-dominated big band swing 3. new style called bebop was being created as a reaction against big band swing

New Orleans. Storyville, French Opera House, 1900

New Orleans. Storyville, French Opera House, 1900 Jazz Jazz is a genre of music born in the African- American community in New Orleans in the early 20th century. It is a form of music that relies heavily on improvisation, syncopation, polyrhythms, and